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Shakya AK, Nandakumar KS. Polymer Chemistry Defines Adjuvant Properties and Determines the Immune Response against the Antigen or Vaccine. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1395. [PMID: 37766073 PMCID: PMC10537360 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11091395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Activation of the immune system is a needed for designing new antigen/drug delivery systems to develop new therapeutics and for developing animal disease models to study the disease pathogenesis. A weak antigen alone is insufficient to activate the immune system. Sometimes, assistance in the form of polymers is needed to control the release of antigens under in vivo conditions or in the form of an adjuvant to activate the immune system efficiently. Many kinds of polymers from different functional groups are suitable as microbial antigens for inducing therapeutic immune responses against infectious diseases at the preclinical level. The choice of the functionality of polymer varies as per the application type. Polymers from the acid and ester groups are the most common types investigated for protein-based antigens. However, electrostatic interaction-displaying polymers like cationic polymers are the most common type for nucleic acid-based antigens. Metal coordination chemistry is commonly used in polymers designed for cancer immunotherapeutic applications to suppress inflammation and induce a protective immune response. Amide chemistry is widely deployed in polymers used to develop antigen-specific disease models like the experimental autoimmune arthritis murine model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kutty Selva Nandakumar
- Department of Environmental and Biosciences, School of Business, Innovation and Sustainability, Halmstad University, 30118 Halmstad, Sweden
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2
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Wang S, Chen Y, Ling Z, Li J, Hu J, He F, Chen Q. The role of dendritic cells in the immunomodulation to implanted biomaterials. Int J Oral Sci 2022; 14:52. [PMCID: PMC9636170 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-022-00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the substantial role played by dendritic cells (DCs) in the immune system to bridge innate and adaptive immunity, studies on DC-mediated immunity toward biomaterials principally center on their adjuvant effects in facilitating the adaptive immunity of codelivered antigens. However, the effect of the intrinsic properties of biomaterials on dendritic cells has not been clarified. Recently, researchers have begun to investigate and found that biomaterials that are nonadjuvant could also regulate the immune function of DCs and thus affect subsequent tissue regeneration. In the case of proteins adsorbed onto biomaterial surfaces, their intrinsic properties can direct their orientation and conformation, forming “biomaterial-associated molecular patterns (BAMPs)”. Thus, in this review, we focused on the intrinsic physiochemical properties of biomaterials in the absence of antigens that affect DC immune function and summarized the underlying signaling pathways. Moreover, we preliminarily clarified the specific composition of BAMPs and the interplay between some key molecules and DCs, such as heat shock proteins (HSPs) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). This review provides a new direction for future biomaterial design, through which modulation of host immune responses is applicable to tissue engineering and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Wang
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Yanqi Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Zhaoting Ling
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jia Li
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Jun Hu
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Fuming He
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
| | - Qianming Chen
- grid.13402.340000 0004 1759 700XStomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006 China
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3
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Chen H, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Biomaterials-Driven Sterile Inflammation. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2022; 28:22-34. [PMID: 33213285 PMCID: PMC8892963 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2020.0253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Performance of the biomaterials used for regenerative medicine largely depends on biocompatibility; however, the biological mechanisms underlying biocompatibility of a biomaterial within the host system is poorly understood. In addition to the classical immune response against non-self-entities, the sterile inflammatory response could limit the compatibility of biological scaffolds. Whereas the immediate to short-term host response to a biomaterial implant have been characterized, the long-term progression of host-biomaterial relationship has not been described. This article explores the novel concept of biomaterials-driven sterile inflammation (BSI) in long-term biodegradable implants and throws light for possible explanation for the onset of BSI and the associated damage-associated molecular patterns. The understanding of BSI would advance the current strategies to improve biomaterial-host tissue integration and open novel translational avenues in biomaterials-based tissue regeneration. Impact statement Understanding the novel concept of biomaterials-driven sterile inflammation and associated damage-associated molecular patterns in long-term biodegradable implants would determine their success and improves the tissue engineering and regenerative strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Chen
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Devendra K. Agrawal
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
| | - Finosh G. Thankam
- Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, California, USA
- Address correspondence to: Finosh G. Thankam, PhD, Department of Translational Research, Western University of Health Sciences, 309 E. Second Street, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA
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4
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Implant Fibrosis and the Underappreciated Role of Myofibroblasts in the Foreign Body Reaction. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071794. [PMID: 34359963 PMCID: PMC8304203 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Body implants and implantable medical devices have dramatically improved and prolonged the life of countless patients. However, our body repair mechanisms have evolved to isolate, reject, or destroy any object that is recognized as foreign to the organism and inevitably mounts a foreign body reaction (FBR). Depending on its severity and chronicity, the FBR can impair implant performance or create severe clinical complications that will require surgical removal and/or replacement of the faulty device. The number of review articles discussing the FBR seems to be proportional to the number of different implant materials and clinical applications and one wonders, what else is there to tell? We will here take the position of a fibrosis researcher (which, coincidentally, we are) to elaborate similarities and differences between the FBR, normal wound healing, and chronic healing conditions that result in the development of peri-implant fibrosis. After giving credit to macrophages in the inflammatory phase of the FBR, we will mainly focus on the activation of fibroblastic cells into matrix-producing and highly contractile myofibroblasts. While fibrosis has been discussed to be a consequence of the disturbed and chronic inflammatory milieu in the FBR, direct activation of myofibroblasts at the implant surface is less commonly considered. Thus, we will provide a perspective how physical properties of the implant surface control myofibroblast actions and accumulation of stiff scar tissue. Because formation of scar tissue at the surface and around implant materials is a major reason for device failure and extraction surgeries, providing implant surfaces with myofibroblast-suppressing features is a first step to enhance implant acceptance and functional lifetime. Alternative therapeutic targets are elements of the myofibroblast mechanotransduction and contractile machinery and we will end with a brief overview on such targets that are considered for the treatment of other organ fibroses.
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5
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Sun Y, Liu J, Li Z, Wang J, Huang Y. Nonionic and Water-Soluble Poly(d/l-serine) as a Promising Biomedical Polymer for Cryopreservation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18454-18461. [PMID: 33856763 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water-soluble, biodegradable, nonionic, and biocompatible polymers with multiple functional groups are highly desired for biomedical applications. Here, we report that water-soluble nonionic poly(d/l-serine) is chirality-controllable, biodegradation-controllable, and non-cytotoxic. Hence, it can be a highly sought-after alternative to the widely used poly(ethylene glycol), with an additional advantage of having multiple hydroxyl groups for further functionalization. As one example of its biomedical applications, poly(d/l-serine) demonstrated an obvious cryoprotective effect on the red blood cells. The usage of poly(d/l-serine) in the cryopreservation field would be of great promise to resolve the difficulties in separating cryoprotectants due to toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Sun
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Mainz 55128, Germany
| | - Jie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Printing, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Zhibo Li
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Jianjun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanbin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Materials (MOE), Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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6
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Martins JA, Lach AA, Morris HL, Carr AJ, Mouthuy PA. Polydioxanone implants: A systematic review on safety and performance in patients. J Biomater Appl 2019; 34:902-916. [PMID: 31771403 PMCID: PMC7044756 DOI: 10.1177/0885328219888841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joana A Martins
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Antonina A Lach
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hayley L Morris
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Carr
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre-Alexis Mouthuy
- Botnar Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom
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7
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Abebayehu D, Spence AJ, McClure MJ, Haque TT, Rivera KO, Ryan JJ. Polymer scaffold architecture is a key determinant in mast cell inflammatory and angiogenic responses. J Biomed Mater Res A 2019; 107:884-892. [PMID: 30615257 PMCID: PMC6551205 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Implanted polymer scaffolds can induce inflammation leading to the foreign body response (FBR), fibrosis, and implant failure. Thus, it is important to understand how immune cells interact with scaffolds to mitigate inflammation and promote a regenerative response. We previously demonstrated that macrophage phenotype is modulated by fiber and pore diameters of an electrospun scaffold. However, it is unclear if this effect is consistent among other innate immune cells. Mast cells are inflammatory sentinels that play a vital role in the FBR of implanted biomaterials, as well as angiogenesis. We determined if altering electrospun scaffold architecture modulates mast cell responses, with the goal of promoting regenerative cell-scaffold interactions. Polydioxanone (PDO) scaffolds were made from 60 mg/mL or 140 mg/mL PDO solutions, yielding structures with divergent fiber and pore diameters. Mouse mast cells plated on these scaffolds were activated with IL-33 or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Relative to the 60 mg/mL scaffold, 140 mg/mL scaffolds yielded less IL-6 and TNF, and greater VEGF secretion. Pores >4-6 μm elicited less IL-6 and TNF secretion. IL-33-induced VEGF regulation was more complex, showing effects of both pore size and fiber diameter. These data indicate parameters that can predict mast cell responses to scaffolds, informing biomaterial design to increase wound healing and diminish implant rejection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 107A: 884-892, 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Abebayehu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Andrew J Spence
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - Michael J McClure
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284
| | - Tamara T Haque
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - Kevin O Rivera
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
| | - John J Ryan
- Department of Biology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia 23284-2012
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8
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McKiel LA, Fitzpatrick LE. Toll-like Receptor 2-Dependent NF-κB/AP-1 Activation by Damage-Associated Molecular Patterns Adsorbed on Polymeric Surfaces. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 4:3792-3801. [PMID: 33429600 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The foreign body reaction is a chronic inflammatory response to an implanted biomaterial that ultimately leads to fibrous encapsulation of the implant. It is widely accepted that the host response to implanted biomaterials is largely dependent on the species and conformations of proteins adsorbed onto the material surface due to the adsorbate's role in mediating cellular interactions with the implanted material. While the cellular response to adsorbed serum-derived proteins has been studied extensively, the presence of endogenous, matrix- and cell-derived mediators of inflammation within the adsorbed protein layer and their impact on cell-material interactions is not well-understood. Damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) are endogenous ligands released by stressed or damaged tissues to stimulate sterile inflammatory responses via Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and other pattern recognition receptors. The present study investigated the potential role of tissue-derived, pro-inflammatory stimuli in macrophage responses to biomaterials using cell lysate as a complex source of cell-derived DAMPs and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) films as model biomaterials. We show that lysate-adsorbed PMMA and PDMS surfaces strongly induced NF-κB/AP-1 transcription factor activity and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion in the RAW-Blue macrophage cell line compared to serum-adsorbed surfaces. Lysate-dependent NF-κB/AP-1 activation and cytokine expression were strongly attenuated by TLR2 neutralizing antibodies, while TLR4 inhibition resulted in a modest reduction. These data suggest that DAMPs, in their adsorbed conformations on material surfaces, may play a significant role in macrophage activation through TLR signaling, and that TLR pathways, particularly TLR2, merit further investigation as potential therapeutic targets to modulate host responses to implanted biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A McKiel
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Lindsay E Fitzpatrick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, 19 Division Street, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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9
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Mödinger Y, Teixeira GQ, Neidlinger-Wilke C, Ignatius A. Role of the Complement System in the Response to Orthopedic Biomaterials. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113367. [PMID: 30373272 PMCID: PMC6274916 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Various synthetic biomaterials are used to replace lost or damaged bone tissue that, more or less successfully, osseointegrate into the bone environment. Almost all biomaterials used in orthopedic medicine activate the host-immune system to a certain degree. The complement system, which is a crucial arm of innate immunity, is rapidly activated by an implanted foreign material into the human body, and it is intensely studied regarding blood-contacting medical devices. In contrast, much less is known regarding the role of the complement system in response to implanted bone biomaterials. However, given the increasing knowledge of the complement regulation of bone homeostasis, regeneration, and inflammation, complement involvement in the immune response following biomaterial implantation into bone appears very likely. Moreover, bone cells can produce complement factors and are target cells of activated complement. Therefore, new bone formation or bone resorption around the implant area might be greatly influenced by the complement system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge on biomaterial-mediated complement activation, with a focus on materials primarily used in orthopedic medicine. In addition, methods to modify the interactions between the complement system and bone biomaterials are discussed, which might favor osseointegration and improve the functionality of the device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Mödinger
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm), University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Graciosa Q Teixeira
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm), University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm), University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre for Trauma Research Ulm (ZTF Ulm), University of Ulm, D-89081 Ulm, Germany.
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10
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Eppa Ł, Pągowska-Klimek I, Świerzko AS, Moll M, Krajewski WR, Cedzyński M. Deposition of mannose-binding lectin and ficolins and activation of the lectin pathway of complement on the surface of polyurethane tubing used for cardiopulmonary bypass. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2018; 106:1202-1208. [PMID: 28561998 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
The artificial surface used for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a crucial factor activating the complement system and thus contributing to the generation of a systemic inflammatory response. The activation of classical and alternative pathways on this artificial surface is well known. In contrast, lectin pathway (LP) activation has not been fully investigated, although noted during CPB in several studies. Moreover, we have recently proved the contribution of the LP to the generation of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome after pediatric cardiac surgery. The aim of this study was to assess LP-mediated complement activation on the surface of polyurethane CPB circuit tubing (noncoated Chalice ® ), used for CPB procedures in children with congenital heart disease. We found deposition of mannose-binding lectin, ficolin-1, -2, and -3 on the surface of unused tubing and on tubing used for CPB from a small minority of patients. Furthermore, we observed deposition of complement C4 activation products on tubing used for CPB and previously unused tubing after incubation with normal serum. The latter finding indicates LP activation in vitro on the polyurethane surface. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1202-1208, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Eppa
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Izabela Pągowska-Klimek
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna S Świerzko
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Moll
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech R Krajewski
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Rzgowska 281/289, 93-338, Lodz, Poland
| | - Maciej Cedzyński
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Infections, Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232, Lodz, Poland
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11
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Mukherjee SP, Bondarenko O, Kohonen P, Andón FT, Brzicová T, Gessner I, Mathur S, Bottini M, Calligari P, Stella L, Kisin E, Shvedova A, Autio R, Salminen-Mankonen H, Lahesmaa R, Fadeel B. Macrophage sensing of single-walled carbon nanotubes via Toll-like receptors. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1115. [PMID: 29348435 PMCID: PMC5773626 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-19521-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-based nanomaterials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been shown to trigger inflammation. However, how these materials are 'sensed' by immune cells is not known. Here we compared the effects of two carbon-based nanomaterials, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) and graphene oxide (GO), on primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Genome-wide transcriptomics assessment was performed at sub-cytotoxic doses. Pathway analysis of the microarray data revealed pronounced effects on chemokine-encoding genes in macrophages exposed to SWCNTs, but not in response to GO, and these results were validated by multiplex array-based cytokine and chemokine profiling. Conditioned medium from SWCNT-exposed cells acted as a chemoattractant for dendritic cells. Chemokine secretion was reduced upon inhibition of NF-κB, as predicted by upstream regulator analysis of the transcriptomics data, and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and their adaptor molecule, MyD88 were shown to be important for CCL5 secretion. Moreover, a specific role for TLR2/4 was confirmed by using reporter cell lines. Computational studies to elucidate how SWCNTs may interact with TLR4 in the absence of a protein corona suggested that binding is guided mainly by hydrophobic interactions. Taken together, these results imply that CNTs may be 'sensed' as pathogens by immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav P Mukherjee
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn, 12618, Estonia
| | - Pekka Kohonen
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fernando T Andón
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Laboratory of Cellular Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Institute, 20089, Rozzano-Milano, Italy
| | - Táňa Brzicová
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Genetic Toxicology and Nanotoxicology, Institute of Experimental Medicine AS CR, 14220, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Gessner
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sanjay Mathur
- Inorganic and Materials Chemistry, University of Cologne, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Massimo Bottini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00173, Italy.,Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Paolo Calligari
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Stella
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, 00133, Italy
| | - Elena Kisin
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Anna Shvedova
- Exposure Assessment Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA.,Department Pharmacology & Physiology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, 26505, USA
| | - Reija Autio
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, 33014, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heli Salminen-Mankonen
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Lahesmaa
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, and Åbo Akademi University, 20500, Turku, Finland
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden.
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12
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Roch T, Hahne S, Kratz K, Ma N, Lendlein A. Transparent Substrates Prepared From Different Amorphous Polymers Can Directly Modulate Primary Human B cell functions. Biotechnol J 2017; 12. [PMID: 28857458 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201700334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Manipulation of B cell functions such as antibody and cytokine secretion, is of clinical and biotechnological interest and can be achieved by soluble ligands activating cell surface receptors. Alternatively, the exposure to suitable solid substrates would offer the possibility to transiently induced cell signaling, since the signaling is interrupted when the cells are removed from the substrate. Cell/substrate interactions are mediated by physical valences such as, hydrogen bonds or hydrophobic forces on the substrate surface. Therefore, in this study B cells were cultivated on polymeric substrates, differing in their chemical composition and thus their capacity to undergo physical interactions. Activated B cells cultivated on polystyrene (PS) showed an altered cytokine response indicated by increased IL-10 and decreased IL-6 secretion. Interestingly, B cells cultivated on polyetherurethane (PEU), which has among all tested polymers the highest potential to form strong hydrogen bonds showed an impaired activation, which could be restored by re-cultivation on tissue culture polystyrene. The results indicate that B cell behavior can transiently be manipulated solely by interacting with polymeric surface, which could be explained by receptor activation mediated by physical interaction with the substrate or by altering the availability of the soluble stimulatory reagents by adsorption processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toralf Roch
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Stefanie Hahne
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Karl Kratz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Kantstraße 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstr. 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Wells LA, Guo H, Emili A, Sefton MV. The profile of adsorbed plasma and serum proteins on methacrylic acid copolymer beads: Effect on complement activation. Biomaterials 2017; 118:74-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Klopfleisch R, Jung F. The pathology of the foreign body reaction against biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2016; 105:927-940. [PMID: 27813288 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 262] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The healing process after implantation of biomaterials involves the interaction of many contributing factors. Besides their in vivo functionality, biomaterials also require characteristics that allow their integration into the designated tissue without eliciting an overshooting foreign body reaction (FBR). The targeted design of biomaterials with these features, thus, needs understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the FBR. Much effort has been put into research on the interaction of engineered materials and the host tissue. This elucidated many aspects of the five FBR phases, that is protein adsorption, acute inflammation, chronic inflammation, foreign body giant cell formation, and fibrous capsule formation. However, in practice, it is still difficult to predict the response against a newly designed biomaterial purely based on the knowledge of its physical-chemical surface features. This insufficient knowledge leads to a high number of factors potentially influencing the FBR, which have to be analyzed in complex animal experiments including appropriate data-based sample sizes. This review is focused on the current knowledge on the general mechanisms of the FBR against biomaterials and the influence of biomaterial surface topography and chemical and physical features on the quality and quantity of the reaction. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 105A: 927-940, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Klopfleisch
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Straße 15, Berlin, 14163, Germany
| | - F Jung
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg, Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
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15
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Kzhyshkowska J, Gudima A, Riabov V, Dollinger C, Lavalle P, Vrana NE. Macrophage responses to implants: prospects for personalized medicine. J Leukoc Biol 2015; 98:953-62. [PMID: 26168797 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.5vmr0415-166r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Implants, transplants, and implantable biomedical devices are mainstream solutions for a wide variety of human pathologies. One of the persistent problems around nondegradable metallic and polymeric implants is failure of macrophages to resolve the inflammation and their tendency to stay in a state, named "frustrated phagocytosis." During the initial phase, proinflammatory macrophages induce acute reactions to trauma and foreign materials, whereas tolerogenic anti-inflammatory macrophages control resolution of inflammation and induce the subsequent healing stage. However, implanted materials can induce a mixed pro/anti-inflammatory phenotype, supporting chronic inflammatory reactions accompanied by microbial contamination and resulting in implant failure. Several materials based on natural polymers for improved interaction with host tissue or surfaces that release anti-inflammatory drugs/bioactive agents have been developed for implant coating to reduce implant rejection. However, no definitive, long-term solution to avoid adverse immune responses to the implanted materials is available to date. The prevention of implant-associated infections or chronic inflammation by manipulating the macrophage phenotype is a promising strategy to improve implant acceptance. The immunomodulatory properties of currently available implant coatings need to be improved to develop personalized therapeutic solutions. Human primary macrophages exposed to the implantable materials ex vivo can be used to predict the individual's reactions and allow selection of an optimal coating composition. Our review describes current understanding of the mechanisms of macrophage interactions with implantable materials and outlines the prospects for use of human primary macrophages for diagnostic and therapeutic approaches to personalized implant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kzhyshkowska
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alexandru Gudima
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vladimir Riabov
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Camille Dollinger
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Lavalle
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nihal Engin Vrana
- *Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Immunology, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany; Red Cross Blood Service Baden-Württemberg-Hessen, Mannheim, Germany; Laboratory for Translational Cellular and Molecular Biomedicine, Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia; Protip SAS, Strasbourg, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, INSERM Unité 1121, Strasbourg, France; and Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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The significance of macrophage phenotype in cancer and biomaterials. Clin Transl Med 2014; 3:62. [PMID: 26932379 PMCID: PMC4884036 DOI: 10.1186/s40169-014-0041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages have long been known to exhibit heterogeneous and plastic phenotypes. They show functional diversity with roles in homeostasis, tissue repair, immunity and disease. There exists a spectrum of macrophage phenotypes with varied effector functions, molecular determinants, cytokine and chemokine profiles, as well as receptor expression. In tumor microenvironments, the subset of macrophages known as tumor-associated macrophages generates byproducts that enhance tumor growth and angiogenesis, making them attractive targets for anti-cancer therapeutics. With respect to wound healing and the foreign body response, there is a necessity for balance between pro-inflammatory, wound healing, and regulatory macrophages in order to achieve successful implantation of a scaffold for tissue engineering. In this review, we discuss the multitude of ways macrophages are known to be important in cancer therapies and implanted biomaterials.
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17
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Xeno-immunogenicity of ice-free cryopreserved porcine leaflets. J Surg Res 2014; 193:933-41. [PMID: 25454969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undesirable processes of inflammation, calcification, or immune-mediated reactions are limiting factors in long-term survival of heart valves in patients. In this study, we target the modulatory effects of ice-free cryopreservation (IFC) of xenogeneic heart valve leaflet matrices, without decellularization, on the adaptive human immune responses in vitro. METHODS We tested porcine leaflet matrices from fresh untreated, conventionally cryopreserved (CFC), and IFC pulmonary valves by culturing them with human blood mononuclear cells for 5 d in vitro. No other tissue treatment protocols to modify possible immune responses were used. Matrices alone or in addition with a low-dose second stimulus were analyzed for induction of proliferation and cytokine release by flow cytometry-based techniques. Evaluation of the α-Gal epitope expression was performed by immunohistochemistry with fluorochrome-labeled B4 isolectin. RESULTS None of the tested leaflet treatment groups directly triggered the proliferation of immune cells. But when tested in combination with a second trigger by anti-CD3, IFC valves showed significantly reduced proliferation of T cells, especially effector memory T cells, in comparison with fresh or CFC tissue. Moreover, the cytokine levels for interferon-γ (IFNγ), tumor necrosis factor α, and interleukin-10 were reduced for the IFC-treated group being significantly different compared with the CFC group. However, no difference between treatment groups in the expression of the α-Gal antigen was observed. CONCLUSIONS IFC of xenogeneic tissue might be an appropriate treatment method or processing step to prevent responses of the adaptive immune system.
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Addressing the Inflammatory Response to Clinically Relevant Polymers by Manipulating the Host Response Using ITIM Domain-Containing Receptors. Polymers (Basel) 2014; 6:2526-2551. [PMID: 25705515 PMCID: PMC4333742 DOI: 10.3390/polym6102526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue contacting surfaces of medical devices initiate a host inflammatory response, characterized by adsorption of blood proteins and inflammatory cells triggering the release of cytokines, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), in an attempt to clear or isolate the foreign object from the body. This normal host response contributes to device-associated pathophysiology and addressing device biocompatibility remains an unmet need. Although widespread attempts have been made to render the device surfaces unreactive, the establishment of a completely bioinert coating has been untenable and demonstrates the need to develop strategies based upon the molecular mechanisms that define the interaction between host cells and synthetic surfaces. In this review, we discuss a family of transmembrane receptors, known as immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif (ITIM)-containing receptors, which show promise as potential targets to address aberrant biocompatibility. These receptors repress the immune response and ensure that the intensity of an immune response is appropriate for the stimuli. Particular emphasis will be placed on the known ITIM-containing receptor, Signal Regulatory Protein Alpha (SIRPhα), and its cognate ligand CD47. In addition, this review will discuss the potential of other ITIM-containing proteins as targets for addressing the aberrant biocompatibility of polymeric biomaterials.
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Love RJ, Patenaude M, Dorrington M, Bowdish DME, Hoare T, Jones KS. An investigation of scavenger receptor A mediated leukocyte binding to polyanionic and uncharged polymer hydrogels. J Biomed Mater Res A 2014; 103:1605-12. [PMID: 25087871 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.35297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Cell adhesion to biomaterials can be mediated in part by mechanisms aside from the traditionally recognized opsinization and integrin binding mechanisms. In this study, we investigated the role of scavenger receptor A (SR-A) in leukocyte binding to a series of well-controlled polyanionic and uncharged hydrogels based on a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) backbone. The hydrogels were injected in the peritoneal cavity of SR-A knockout (KO) and wild-type mice using a minimally invasive procedure and allowed to set in situ. After 24 h, the hydrogels were recovered and analyzed, the peritoneal cavity was lavaged, and cytokine concentrations were assessed by ELISA. The polyanionic hydrogels retrieved from the KO animals were found to be completely devoid of adherent leukocytes, which were present in other materials regardless of the mouse strain in which they were injected. Results from a subsequent in vitro cellular adhesion study with a RAW264.7 cell line failed to yield a similarly definitive role for SR-A in the cellular binding of a polyanionic hydrogel. Taken together, the results of this study show that SR-A mediates leukocyte adhesion to a polyanionic hydrogel in the peritoneal cavity, but other adhesion mechanisms contribute to cellular binding in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J Love
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada; Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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