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Yadav P, Vats R, Bano A, Namdev R, Bhardwaj R. Ameliorative potential of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) in preclinical studies: A meta-analysis. Regen Ther 2023; 24:117-134. [PMID: 37441223 PMCID: PMC10333108 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The preclinical and clinical role of mesenchymal stem cells from various adult sources is extensively investigated and established in regenerative medicine. However, the comprehensive exploration of the therapeutic potential of Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) is inadequate. Therefore, we performed a systematic meta-analysis of preclinical animal model studies in several diseases to provide insight into SHED's efficacy and therapeutic potential. Two blinded and independent investigators searched the available online databases and scrutinized the included studies. Meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the pooled effect estimate of intervention of SHED by Review Manager 5.4.1. To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of SHED intervention, we also analyzed the test of heterogeneity (I2), overall effect (Z), sensitivity, and publication bias. Among the 2156 scrutinized studies, 40 were included and evaluated as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. The intervention of SHED and its derivatives in several diseases depicted statistically significant therapeutic effects in periodontitis, pulpitis, spinal cord injury, parkinson's disease, alzheimer's disease, focal cerebral ischemia, peripheral nerve injury, and retinal pigmentosa. SHED also improved levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and bilirubin in liver fibrosis . In autoimmune diseases also, values were significant. SHED also showed a statistically significant reduction of wound healing area and new bone formation in bone defects. The pooled effect estimates of included preclinical studies demonstrated a statistically significant therapeutic effect of SHED in numerous diseases. Based on our data, it is suggested that the potential of SHED may be implemented in clinical trials after conducting a few more preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Yadav
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ravina Vats
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Afsareen Bano
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Ritu Namdev
- Dept. of Pediatric Dentistry, Post Graduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Rashmi Bhardwaj
- Stem Cell Biology Laboratory, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Maharshi Dayanand University Rohtak, 124001, India
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2
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Meng Q, Burrell JC, Zhang Q, Le AD. Potential Application of Orofacial MSCs in Tissue Engineering Nerve Guidance for Peripheral Nerve Injury Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:2612-2631. [PMID: 37642899 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-023-10609-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Injury to the peripheral nerve causes potential loss of sensory and motor functions, and peripheral nerve repair (PNR) remains a challenging endeavor. The current clinical methods of nerve repair, such as direct suture, autografts, and acellular nerve grafts (ANGs), exhibit their respective disadvantages like nerve tension, donor site morbidity, size mismatch, and immunogenicity. Even though commercially available nerve guidance conduits (NGCs) have demonstrated some clinical successes, the overall clinical outcome is still suboptimal, especially for nerve injuries with a large gap (≥ 3 cm) due to the lack of biologics. In the last two decades, the combination of advanced tissue engineering technologies, stem cell biology, and biomaterial science has significantly advanced the generation of a new generation of NGCs incorporated with biological factors or supportive cells, including mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), which hold great promise to enhance peripheral nerve repair/regeneration (PNR). Orofacial MSCs are emerging as a unique source of MSCs for PNR due to their neural crest-origin and easy accessibility. In this narrative review, we have provided an update on the pathophysiology of peripheral nerve injury and the properties and biological functions of orofacial MSCs. Then we have highlighted the application of orofacial MSCs in tissue engineering nerve guidance for PNR in various preclinical models and the potential challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Meng
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40Th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Justin C Burrell
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40Th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Qunzhou Zhang
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40Th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Anh D Le
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery & Pharmacology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, 240 South 40Th Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Penn Medicine Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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3
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Guo R, Yu J. Multipotency and Immunomodulatory Benefits of Stem Cells From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. FRONTIERS IN DENTAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fdmed.2022.805875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are considered a promising cell population for cell-based or cell-free therapy and tissue engineering because of their proliferative, multipotency and immunomodulator. Based on recent studies, we find that SHEDs show the superior ability of nerve regeneration in addition to the potential of osteogenesis, odontogenesis owing to their derivation from the neural crest. Besides, much evidence suggests that SHEDs have a paracrine effect and can function as immunomodulatory regents attributing to their capability of secreting cytokines and extracellular vesicles. Here, we review the characteristic of SHEDs, their multipotency to regenerate damaged tissues, specifically concentrating on bones or nerves, following the paracrine activity or immunomodulatory benefits of their potential for clinical application in regenerative medicine.
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Nuge T, Liu Z, Liu X, Ang BC, Andriyana A, Metselaar HSC, Hoque ME. Recent Advances in Scaffolding from Natural-Based Polymers for Volumetric Muscle Injury. Molecules 2021; 26:699. [PMID: 33572728 PMCID: PMC7865392 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Volumetric Muscle Loss (VML) is associated with muscle loss function and often untreated and considered part of the natural sequelae of trauma. Various types of biomaterials with different physical and properties have been developed to treat VML. However, much work remains yet to be done before the scaffolds can pass from the bench to the bedside. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the construction and application of natural polymers-based tissue scaffolding for volumetric muscle injury. Here, the tissue engineering approaches for treating volumetric muscle loss injury are highlighted and recent advances in cell-based therapies using various sources of stem cells are elaborated in detail. An overview of different strategies of tissue scaffolding and their efficacy on skeletal muscle cells regeneration and migration are presented. Furthermore, the present paper discusses a wide range of natural polymers with a special focus on proteins and polysaccharides that are major components of the extracellular matrices. The natural polymers are biologically active and excellently promote cell adhesion and growth. These bio-characteristics justify natural polymers as one of the most attractive options for developing scaffolds for muscle cell regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamrin Nuge
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziqian Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Xiaoling Liu
- Department of Mechanical, Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Ningbo China, 199 Taikang East Road, Ningbo 315100, China; (T.N.); (Z.L.)
| | - Bee Chin Ang
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Andri Andriyana
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Hendrik Simon Cornelis Metselaar
- Centre of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia; (A.A.); (H.S.C.M.)
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Md Enamul Hoque
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Military Institute of Science and Technology (MIST), Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh;
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Ghane N, Khalili S, Nouri Khorasani S, Esmaeely Neisiany R, Das O, Ramakrishna S. Regeneration of the peripheral nerve via multifunctional electrospun scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res A 2020; 109:437-452. [PMID: 32856425 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, electrospun scaffolds have proved to be advantageous in the field of nerve tissue regeneration by connecting the cavity among the proximal and distal nerve stumps growth cones and leading to functional recovery after injury. Multifunctional nanofibrous structure of these scaffolds provides enormous potential by combining the advantages of nano-scale topography, and biological science. In these structures, selecting the appropriate materials, designing an optimized structure, modifying the surface to enhance biological functions and neurotrophic factors loading, and native cell-like stem cells should be considered as the essential factors. In this systematic review paper, the fabrication methods for the preparation of aligned nanofibrous scaffolds in yarn or conduit architecture are reviewed. Subsequently, the utilized polymeric materials, including natural, synthetic and blend are presented. Finally, their surface modification techniques, as well as, the recent advances and outcomes of the scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo, are reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazanin Ghane
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahla Khalili
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Rasoul Esmaeely Neisiany
- Department of Materials and Polymer Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Oisik Das
- Department of Engineering Sciences and Mathematics, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Singapore, Singapore
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Abuarqoub D, Aslam N, Almajali B, Shajrawi L, Jafar H, Awidi A. Neuro-regenerative potential of dental stem cells: a concise review. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 382:267-279. [PMID: 32725424 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This review will summarize the research information regarding the regenerative potential of dental stem cells for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. As compared to existing treatment modalities, the stem cell therapy seems promising, and accumulating evidences about the differentiation of stem cells into various lineages are proving it. The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, stroke, and peripheral neuropathy is increasing due to the rise in life expectancies of people which have put a huge burden on economies. Finding a promising treatment could benefit not only the patients but also the communities. Dental stem cells hold a great potential to differentiate into neuronal cells. Many studies have reported the differentiation potential of the dental stem cells with the presence of neuronal lineage markers. In this review, we conferred how the use of dental stem cells can benefit the above-mentioned bedridden diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duaa Abuarqoub
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Petra, Amman, Jordan. .,Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Nazneen Aslam
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Bayan Almajali
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Leen Shajrawi
- School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Hanan Jafar
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.,School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - Abdalla Awidi
- Cell Therapy Center, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan. .,School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan.
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Dexmedetomidine Improves Locomotor Function and Alleviates Thermal Hyperalgesia Following Sciatic Nerve Crush Injury in Rats. Int Neurourol J 2020; 24:S11-18. [PMID: 32482053 PMCID: PMC7285700 DOI: 10.5213/inj.2040162.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The effects of dexmedetomidine on locomotor function and thermal hyperalgesia in sciatic nerve crush injury (SNCI) were investigated using rats. METHODS After exposing the right sciatic nerve, the sciatic nerve was crushed for 1 minute by a surgical clip. One day after nerve injury, dexmedetomidine (5, 25, and 50 µg/kg) was directly applied to the injured sciatic nerve once a day for 14 days. Walking track analysis was used to assess locomotor function and plantar test was conducted to assess thermal pain sensitivity. Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expression of c-Fos in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) and paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Western blot was used to evaluate the expression level of nerve growth factor (NGF) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in the sciatic nerve. RESULTS SNCI resulted in deterioration of locomotor function and increased thermal pain sensitivity. The level of c-Fos expression in the PVN and vlPAG was increased and the level of NGF and MBP expression in the sciatic nerve was enhanced by SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment improved locomotor function and upregulated expression of NGF and MBP in the sciatic nerve of SNCI. Dexmedetomidine treatment alleviated thermal hyperalgesia and downregulated expression of c-Fos in the vlPAG and PVN after SNCI. CONCLUSION Dexmedetomidine may be used as a potential new treatment drug for recovery of locomotion and control of pain in peripheral nerve injury.
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Beigi MH, Safaie N, Nasr-Esfahani MH, Kiani A. 3D Titania Nanofiber-Like Webs Induced by Plasma Ionization: A New Direction for Bioreactivity and Osteoinductivity Enhancement of Biomaterials. Sci Rep 2019; 9:17999. [PMID: 31784696 PMCID: PMC6884481 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-54533-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we describe the formation method of web-like three-dimensional (3-D) titania nanofibrous structures coated on transparent substrate via a high intensity laser induced reverse transfer (HILIRT) process. First, we demonstrate the mechanism of ablation and deposition of Ti on the glass substrates using multiple picosecond laser pulses at ambient air in an explicit analytical form and compare the theoretical results with the experimental results of generated nanofibers. We then examine the performance of the developed glass samples coated by titania nanofibrous structures at varied laser pulse durations by electron microscopy and characterization methods. We follow this by exploring the response of human bone-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) with the specimens, using a wide range of in-vitro analyses including MTS assay (colorimetric method for assessing cell metabolic activity), immunocytochemistry, mineralization, ion release examination, gene expression analysis, and protein adsorption and absorption analysis. Our results from the quantitative and qualitative analyses show a significant biocompatibility improvement in the laser treated samples compared to untreated substrates. By decreasing the pulse duration, more titania nanofibers with denser structures can be generated during the HILIRT technique. The findings also suggest that the density of nanostructures and concentration of coated nanofibers play critical roles in the bioreactivity properties of the treated samples, which results in early osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad-Hossein Beigi
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Naghmeh Safaie
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammad-Hossein Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Amirkianoosh Kiani
- Silicon Hall: Micro/Nano Manufacturing Facility, Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University, Ontario, Canada.
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Takeuchi H, Ikeguchi R, Aoyama T, Oda H, Yurie H, Mitsuzawa S, Tanaka M, Ohta S, Akieda S, Miyazaki Y, Nakayama K, Matsuda S. A scaffold-free Bio 3D nerve conduit for repair of a 10-mm peripheral nerve defect in the rats. Microsurgery 2019; 40:207-216. [PMID: 31724780 DOI: 10.1002/micr.30533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A Bio 3D printed nerve conduit was reported to promote nerve regeneration in a 5 mm nerve gap model. The purpose of this study was to fabricate Bio 3D nerve conduits suitable for a 10 mm nerve gap and to evaluate their capacity for nerve regeneration in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighteen F344 rats with immune deficiency (9-10 weeks old; weight, 200-250 g) were divided into three groups: a Bio 3D nerve conduit group (Bio 3D, n = 6), a nerve graft group (NG, n = 6), and a silicon tube group (ST, n = 6). A 12-mm Bio 3D nerve conduit or silicon tube was transplanted into the 10-mm defect of the right sciatic nerve. In the nerve graft group, reverse autografting was performed with an excised 10-mm nerve segment. Assessments were performed at 8 weeks after the surgery. RESULTS In the region distal to the suture site, the number of myelinated axons in the Bio 3D group were significantly larger compared with the silicon group (2,548 vs. 950, p < .05). The myelinated axon diameter (MAD) and the myelin thickness (MT) of the regenerated axons in the Bio 3D group were significantly larger compared with those of the ST group (MAD: 3.09 vs. 2.36 μm; p < .01; MT: 0.59 vs. 0.40 μm, p < .01). CONCLUSIONS This study indicates that a Bio 3D nerve conduit can enhance peripheral nerve regeneration even in a 10 mm nerve defect model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisataka Takeuchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Ikeguchi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomoki Aoyama
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroki Oda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Yurie
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Sadaki Mitsuzawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mai Tanaka
- Department of Physical Therapy, Human Health Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Souichi Ohta
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | | | - Koichi Nakayama
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Biomedical Engineering Faculty of Medicine, Saga University, Saga, Japan
| | - Shuichi Matsuda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Exosomes from Human Gingiva-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Combined with Biodegradable Chitin Conduits Promote Rat Sciatic Nerve Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:2546367. [PMID: 31191669 PMCID: PMC6525800 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2546367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
At present, repair methods for peripheral nerve injury often fail to get satisfactory result. Although various strategies have been adopted to investigate the microenvironment after peripheral nerve injury, the underlying molecular mechanisms of neurite outgrowth remain unclear. In this study, we evaluate the effects of exosomes from gingival mesenchymal stem cells (GMSCs) combined with biodegradable chitin conduits on peripheral nerve regeneration. GMSCs were isolated from human gingival tissue and characterized by surface antigen analysis and in vitro multipotent differentiation. The cell supernatant was collected to isolate the exosomes. The exosomes were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and size distribution analysis. The effects of exosomes on peripheral nerve regeneration in vitro were evaluated by coculture with Schwann cells and DRGs. The chitin conduit was prepared and combined with the exosomes to repair rat sciatic nerve defect. Histology, electrophysiology, and gait analysis were used to test the effects of exosomes on sciatic nerve function recovery in vivo. We have successfully cultured GMSCs and isolated exosomes. The exosomes from GMSCs could significantly promote Schwann cell proliferation and DRG axon growth. The in vivo studies showed that chitin conduit combined with exosomes from GMSCs could significantly increase the number and diameter of nerve fibers and promote myelin formation. In addition, muscle function, nerve conduction function, and motor function were also obviously recovered. In summary, this study suggests that GMSC-derived exosomes combined with biodegradable chitin conduits are a useful and novel therapeutic intervention in peripheral nerve repair.
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Frost HK, Andersson T, Johansson S, Englund-Johansson U, Ekström P, Dahlin LB, Johansson F. Electrospun nerve guide conduits have the potential to bridge peripheral nerve injuries in vivo. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16716. [PMID: 30425260 PMCID: PMC6233209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34699-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Electrospinning can be used to mimic the architecture of an acellular nerve graft, combining microfibers for guidance, and pores for cellular infiltration. We made electrospun nerve guides, from polycaprolactone (PCL) or poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA), with aligned fibers along the insides of the channels and random fibers around them. We bridged a 10 mm rat sciatic nerve defect with the guides, and, in selected groups, added a cell transplant derived from autologous stromal vascular fraction (SVF). For control, we compared to hollow silicone tubes; or autologous nerve grafts. PCL nerve guides had a high degree of autotomy (8/43 rats), a negative indicator with respect to future usefulness, while PLLA supported axonal regeneration, but did not outperform autologous nerve grafts. Transplanted cells survived in the PLLA nerve guides, but axonal regeneration was not enhanced as compared to nerve guides alone. The inflammatory response was partially enhanced by the transplanted cells in PLLA nerve grafts; Schwann cells were poorly distributed compared to nerve guide without cells. Tailor-made electrospun nerve guides support axonal regeneration in vivo, and can act as vehicles for co-transplanted cells. Our results motivate further studies exploring novel nerve guides and the effect of stromal cell-derived factors on nerve generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna K Frost
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden.
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - U Englund-Johansson
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund - Ophtalmology, Lund University, SE-211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Per Ekström
- Department of Clinical Sciences in Lund - Ophtalmology, Lund University, SE-211 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Lars B Dahlin
- Department of Translational Medicine - Hand Surgery, Lund University, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Hand Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, SE-205 02, Malmö, Sweden
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Raza SS, Wagner AP, Hussain YS, Khan MA. Mechanisms underlying dental-derived stem cell-mediated neurorestoration in neurodegenerative disorders. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:245. [PMID: 30257724 PMCID: PMC6158826 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-018-1005-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative disorders have a complex pathology and are characterized by a progressive loss of neuronal architecture in the brain or spinal cord. Neuroprotective agents have demonstrated promising results at the preclinical stage, but this has not been confirmed at the clinical stage. Thus far, no neuroprotective drug that can prevent neuronal degeneration in patients with neurodegenerative disorders is available. MAIN BODY Recent studies have focused on neurorestorative measures, such as cell-based therapy, rather than neuroprotective treatment. The utility of cell-based approaches for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders has been explored extensively, and the results have been somewhat promising with regard to reversing the outcome. Because of their neural crest origin, ease of harvest, accessibility, ethical suitability, and potential to differentiate into the neurogenic lineage, dental-derived stem cells (DSCs) have become an attractive source for cell-based neurorestoration therapies. In the present review, we summarize the possible use of DSC-based neurorestoration therapy as an alternative treatment for neurodegenerative disorders, with a particular emphasis on the mechanism underlying recovery in neurodegenerative disorders. CONCLUSION Transplantation research in neurodegenerative diseases should aim to understand the mechanism providing benefits both at the molecular and functional level. Due to their ease of accessibility, plasticity, and ethical suitability, DSCs hold promise to overcome the existing challenges in the field of neurodegeneration through multiple mechanisms, such as cell replacement, bystander effect, vasculogenesis, synaptogenesis, immunomodulation, and by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India. .,Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Era University, Lucknow, 226003, India.
| | - Aurel Popa Wagner
- Departmentof Dental Materials, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Subhash Nagar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, 302002, India.,Center of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Craiova, Romania.,School of Medicine, Griffith University, Southport, QLD, Australia
| | - Yawer S Hussain
- Department of Neurology, Chair of Vascular Neurology and Dementia, Essen University Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Mohsin Ali Khan
- Era Medical College & Hospital, Era University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India
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Fesharaki M, Razavi S, Ghasemi-Mobarakeh L, Behjati M, Yarahmadian R, Kazemi M, Hejazi H. Differentiation of Human Scalp Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells into Mature Neural Cells on Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Nerve Tissue Engineering Applications. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:168-176. [PMID: 29633593 PMCID: PMC5893287 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2018.4898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to isolate and culture SADS cells, investigate their neurogenic capacity and evaluate their
application for nerve tissue engineering.
Materials and Methods In this experimental study, SADS cells were isolated from human adipose tissue. After 7-day
treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and isobutylmethylxanthine, neurogenic differentiation of SADS cells was
investigated. During this study, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffolds were fabricated using
electrospinning and subsequently nanofibrous scaffolds were coated with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). SADS cells were also
seeded on nanofibrous scaffolds and neurogentic differentiation of these cells on nanofibers was also evaluated. Effect of PRP
on proliferation and differentiation of SADS cells on scaffolds was also studied.
Results Our results showed that after 7-day treatment of SADS cells with insulin, indomethacin and
isobutylmethylxanthine, SADS cells expressed markers characteristic of neural cells such as nestin and neuron specific
nuclear protein (NEUN) (as early neuronal markers) as well as microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and neuronal
microtubule-associated (TAU) (as mature neuronal markers) while mature astrocyte maker (GFAP) was not expressed.
MTT assay and SEM results showed that incorporation of gelatin and PRP into the structure of nanofibrous scaffolds
has a significant positive influence on the bioactivity of scaffolds. Our results also showed neurogentic differentiation
of SADS cells on scaffolds.
Conclusion Our results demonstrated that SADS cells have potential to differentiate into early and mature progenitor
neurons, in vitro. PCL/gelatin/PRP was found to be a promising substrate for proliferation of SADS cells and differentiation
of these cells into neural cells which make these scaffolds a candidate for further in vivo experiments and suggest their
application for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehrafarin Fesharaki
- Department of Cell Sciences Research Center Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Shahnaz Razavi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Medicine School, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Laleh Ghasemi-Mobarakeh
- Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
| | - Mohaddeseh Behjati
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reyhaneh Yarahmadian
- Department of Materials Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Kazemi
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Hejazi
- Skin Diseases and Leishmaniasis Research Center, Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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14
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The neurotrophic effects of different human dental mesenchymal stem cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:12605. [PMID: 28974767 PMCID: PMC5626751 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-12969-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The current gold standard treatment for peripheral nerve injury is nerve grafting but this has disadvantages such as donor site morbidity. New techniques focus on replacing these grafts with nerve conduits enhanced with growth factors and/or various cell types such as mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental-MSCs (D-MSCs) including stem cells obtained from apical papilla (SCAP), dental pulp stem cells (DPSC), and periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSC) are potential sources of MSCs for nerve repair. Here we present the characterization of various D-MSCs from the same human donors for peripheral nerve regeneration. SCAP, DPSC and PDLSC expressed BDNF, GDNF, NGF, NTF3, ANGPT1 and VEGFA growth factor transcripts. Conditioned media from D-MSCs enhanced neurite outgrowth in an in vitro assay. Application of neutralizing antibodies showed that brain derived neurotrophic factor plays an important mechanistic role by which the D-MSCs stimulate neurite outgrowth. SCAP, DPSC and PDLSC were used to treat a 10 mm nerve gap defect in a rat sciatic nerve injury model. All the stem cell types significantly enhanced axon regeneration after two weeks and showed neuroprotective effects on the dorsal root ganglia neurons. Overall the results suggested SCAP to be the optimal dental stem cell type for peripheral nerve repair.
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15
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Chen N, Tian L, He L, Ramakrishna S. Nanobiomaterials for neural regeneration. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1372-1374. [PMID: 27857724 PMCID: PMC5090823 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diseases and disorders associated with nervous system such as injuries by trauma and neurodegeneration are shown to be one of the most serious problems in medicine, requiring innovative strategies to trigger and enhance the nerve regeneration. Tissue engineering aims to provide a highly biomimetic environment by using a combination of cells, materials and suitable biological cues, by which the lost body part may be regenerated or even fully rebuilt. Electrospinning, being able to produce extracellular matrix (ECM)-like nanostructures with great flexibility in design and choice of materials, have demonstrated their great potential for fabrication of nerve tissue engineered scaffolds. The review here begins with a brief description of the anatomy of native nervous system, which provides basic knowledge and ideas for the design of nerve tissue scaffolds, followed by five main parts in the design of electrospun nerve tissue engineered scaffolds including materials selection, structural design, in vitro bioreactor, functionalization and cellular support. Performances of biomimetic electrospun nanofibrous nerve implant devices are also reviewed. Finally, future directions for advanced electrospun nerve tissue engineered scaffolds are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Chen
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lingling Tian
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Liumin He
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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16
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Hughes D, Song B. Dental and Nondental Stem Cell Based Regeneration of the Craniofacial Region: A Tissue Based Approach. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:8307195. [PMID: 27143979 PMCID: PMC4842076 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8307195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Craniofacial reconstruction may be a necessary treatment for those who have been affected by trauma, disease, or pathological developmental conditions. The use of stem cell therapy and tissue engineering shows massive potential as a future treatment modality. Currently in the literature, there is a wide variety of published experimental studies utilising the different stem cell types available and the plethora of available scaffold materials. This review investigates different stem cell sources and their unique characteristics to suggest an ideal cell source for regeneration of individual craniofacial tissues. At present, understanding and clinical applications of stem cell therapy remain in their infancy with numerous challenges to overcome. In spite of this, the field displays immense capacity and will no doubt be utilised in future clinical treatments of craniofacial regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Declan Hughes
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Bing Song
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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17
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Zhuang H, Bu S, Hua L, Darabi MA, Cao X, Xing M. Gelatin-methacrylamide gel loaded with microspheres to deliver GDNF in bilayer collagen conduit promoting sciatic nerve growth. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:1383-94. [PMID: 27099497 PMCID: PMC4824364 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s96324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we fabricated glial cell-line derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF)-loaded microspheres, then seeded the microspheres in gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogel, which was finally integrated with the commercial bilayer collagen membrane (Bio-Gide®). The novel composite of nerve conduit was employed to bridge a 10 mm long sciatic nerve defect in a rat. GDNF-loaded gelatin microspheres had a smooth surface with an average diameter of 3.9±1.8 μm. Scanning electron microscopy showed that microspheres were uniformly distributed in both the GelMA gel and the layered structure. Using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, in vitro release studies (pH 7.4) of GDNF from microspheres exhibited an initial burst release during the first 3 days (18.0%±1.3%), and then, a prolonged-release profile extended to 32 days. However, in an acidic condition (pH 2.5), the initial release percentage of GDNF was up to 91.2%±0.9% within 4 hours and the cumulative release percentage of GDNF was 99.2%±0.2% at 48 hours. Then the composite conduct was implanted in a 10 mm critical defect gap of sciatic nerve in a rat. We found that the nerve was regenerated in both conduit and autograft (AG) groups. A combination of electrophysiological assessment and histomorphometry analysis of regenerated nerves showed that axonal regeneration and functional recovery in collagen tube filled with GDNF-loaded microspheres (GM + CT) group were similar to AG group (P>0.05). Most myelinated nerves were matured and arranged densely with a uniform structure of myelin in a neat pattern along the long axis in the AG and GM + CT groups, however, regenerated nerve was absent in the BLANK group, left the 10 mm gap empty after resection, and the nerve fiber exhibited a disordered arrangement in the collagen tube group. These results indicated that the hybrid system of bilayer collagen conduit and GDNF-loaded gelatin microspheres combined with gelatin-methacrylamide hydrogels could serve as a new biodegradable artificial nerve guide for nerve tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Zhuang
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shoushan Bu
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Mohammad A Darabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Xiaojian Cao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Malcolm Xing
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Children's Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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18
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Gao Y, Wang YL, Kong D, Qu B, Su XJ, Li H, Pi HY. Nerve autografts and tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries: a 5-year bibliometric analysis. Neural Regen Res 2015. [PMID: 26199621 PMCID: PMC4498331 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.158369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
With advances in biomedical methods, tissue-engineered materials have developed rapidly as an alternative to nerve autografts for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. However, the materials selected for use in the repair of peripheral nerve injuries, in particular multiple injuries and large-gap defects, must be chosen carefully. Various methods and materials for protecting the healthy tissue and repairing peripheral nerve injuries have been described, and each method or material has advantages and disadvantages. Recently, a large amount of research has been focused on tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries. Using the keywords “pe-ripheral nerve injury”, “autotransplant”, “nerve graft”, and “biomaterial”, we retrieved publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries appearing in the Web of Science from 2010 to 2014. The country with the most total publications was the USA. The institutions that were the most productive in this field include Hannover Medical School (Germany), Washington University (USA), and Nantong University (China). The total number of publications using tissue-engineered materials for the repair of peripheral nerve injuries grad-ually increased over time, as did the number of Chinese publications, suggesting that China has made many scientific contributions to this field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Ling Wang
- Department of Nursing, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Kong
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Clinic Division, Department of Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Su
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Ying Pi
- Department of Nursing, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative ability of neural tissue, a diverse set of biochemical and biophysical cues for increasing nerve growth has been investigated, including neurotrophic factors, topography, and electrical stimulation. In this report, we explore optogenetic control of neurite growth as a cell-specific alternative to electrical stimulation. By investigating a broad range of optical stimulation parameters on dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) expressing channelrhodopsin 2 (ChR2), we identified conditions that enhance neurite outgrowth by three-fold as compared to unstimulated or wild-type (WT) controls. Furthermore, optogenetic stimulation of ChR2 expressing DRGs induces directional outgrowth in WT DRGs co-cultured within a 10 mm vicinity of the optically sensitive ganglia. This observed enhancement and polarization of neurite growth was accompanied by an increased expression of neural growth and brain derived neurotrophic factors (NGF, BDNF). This work highlights the potential for implementing optogenetics to drive nerve growth in specific cell populations.
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20
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Challenges for nerve repair using chitosan-siloxane hybrid porous scaffolds. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:153808. [PMID: 25054129 PMCID: PMC4087280 DOI: 10.1155/2014/153808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The treatment of peripheral nerve injuries remains one of the greatest challenges of neurosurgery, as functional recover is rarely satisfactory in these patients. Recently, biodegradable nerve guides have shown great potential for enhancing nerve regeneration. A major advantage of these nerve guides is that no foreign material remains after the device has fulfilled its task, which spares a second surgical intervention. Recently, we studied peripheral nerve regeneration using chitosan-γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (chitosan-GPTMS) porous hybrid membranes. In our studies, these porous membranes significantly improved nerve fiber regeneration and functional recovery in rat models of axonotmetic and neurotmetic sciatic nerve injuries. In particular, the number of regenerated myelinated nerve fibers and myelin thickness were significantly higher in rat treated with chitosan porous hybrid membranes, whether or not they were used in combination with mesenchymal stem cells isolated from the Wharton's jelly of the umbilical cord. In this review, we describe our findings on the use of chitosan-GPTMS hybrids for nerve regeneration.
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Carriers in cell-based therapies for neurological disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:10669-723. [PMID: 24933636 PMCID: PMC4100175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms150610669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a pressing need for long-term neuroprotective and neuroregenerative therapies to promote full function recovery of injuries in the human nervous system resulting from trauma, stroke or degenerative diseases. Although cell-based therapies are promising in supporting repair and regeneration, direct introduction to the injury site is plagued by problems such as low transplanted cell survival rate, limited graft integration, immunorejection, and tumor formation. Neural tissue engineering offers an integrative and multifaceted approach to tackle these complex neurological disorders. Synergistic therapeutic effects can be obtained from combining customized biomaterial scaffolds with cell-based therapies. Current scaffold-facilitated cell transplantation strategies aim to achieve structural and functional rescue via offering a three-dimensional permissive and instructive environment for sustainable neuroactive factor production for prolonged periods and/or cell replacement at the target site. In this review, we intend to highlight important considerations in biomaterial selection and to review major biodegradable or non-biodegradable scaffolds used for cell transplantation to the central and peripheral nervous system in preclinical and clinical trials. Expanded knowledge in biomaterial properties and their prolonged interaction with transplanted and host cells have greatly expanded the possibilities for designing suitable carrier systems and the potential of cell therapies in the nervous system.
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