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Chen F, Skelly JD, Chang SY, Song J. Triggered Release of Ampicillin from Metallic Implant Coatings for Combating Periprosthetic Infections. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:24421-24430. [PMID: 38690964 PMCID: PMC11099626 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c06002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Periprosthetic infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) pose unique challenges in orthopedic surgeries, in part due to the bacterium's capacity to invade surrounding bone tissues besides forming recalcitrant biofilms on implant surfaces. We previously developed prophylactic implant coatings for the on-demand release of vancomycin, triggered by the cleavage of an oligonucleotide (Oligo) linker by micrococcal nuclease (MN) secreted by the Gram-positive bacterium, to eradicate S. aureus surrounding the implant in vitro and in vivo. Building upon this coating platform, here we explore the feasibility of extending the on-demand release to ampicillin, a broad-spectrum aminopenicillin β-lactam antibiotic that is more effective than vancomycin in killing Gram-negative bacteria that may accompany S. aureus infections. The amino group of ampicillin was successfully conjugated to the carboxyl end of an MN-sensitive Oligo covalently integrated in a polymethacrylate hydrogel coating applied to titanium alloy pins. The resultant Oligo-Ampicillin hydrogel coating released the β-lactam in the presence of S. aureus and successfully cleared nearby S. aureus in vitro. When the Oligo-Ampicillin-coated pin was delivered to a rat femoral canal inoculated with 1000 cfu S. aureus, it prevented periprosthetic infection with timely on-demand drug release. The clearance of the bacteria from the pin surface as well as surrounding tissue persisted over 3 months, with no local or systemic toxicity observed with the coating. The negatively charged Oligo fragment attached to ampicillin upon cleavage from the coating did diminish the antibiotic's potency against S. aureus and Escherichia coli (E. coli) to varying degrees, likely due to electrostatic repulsion by the anionic surfaces of the bacteria. Although the on-demand release of the β-lactam led to adequate killing of S. aureus but not E. coli in the presence of a mixture of the bacteria, strong inhibition of the colonization of the remaining E. coli on hydrogel coating was observed. These findings will inspire considerations of alternative broad-spectrum antibiotics, optimized drug conjugation, and Oligo linker engineering for more effective protection against polymicrobial periprosthetic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Chen
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jordan D. Skelly
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Shing-Yun Chang
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Orthopedics and Physical Rehabilitation, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biotechnology, UMass Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
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Higashihira S, Simpson SJ, Morita A, Suryavanshi JR, Arnold CJ, Natoli RM, Greenfield EM. Halicin remains active against Staphylococcus aureus in biofilms grown on orthopaedically relevant substrates. Bone Joint Res 2024; 13:101-109. [PMID: 38432258 PMCID: PMC10909403 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.133.bjr-2023-0038.r2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Aims Biofilm infections are among the most challenging complications in orthopaedics, as bacteria within the biofilms are protected from the host immune system and many antibiotics. Halicin exhibits broad-spectrum activity against many planktonic bacteria, and previous studies have demonstrated that halicin is also effective against Staphylococcus aureus biofilms grown on polystyrene or polypropylene substrates. However, the effectiveness of many antibiotics can be substantially altered depending on which orthopaedically relevant substrates the biofilms grow. This study, therefore, evaluated the activity of halicin against less mature and more mature S. aureus biofilms grown on titanium alloy, cobalt-chrome, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), devitalized muscle, or devitalized bone. Methods S. aureus-Xen36 biofilms were grown on the various substrates for 24 hours or seven days. Biofilms were incubated with various concentrations of halicin or vancomycin and then allowed to recover without antibiotics. Minimal biofilm eradication concentrations (MBECs) were defined by CFU counting and resazurin reduction assays, and were compared with the planktonic minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Results Halicin continued to exert significantly (p < 0.01) more antibacterial activity against biofilms grown on all tested orthopaedically relevant substrates than vancomycin, an antibiotic known to be affected by biofilm maturity. For example, halicin MBECs against both less mature and more mature biofilms were ten-fold to 40-fold higher than its MIC. In contrast, vancomycin MBECs against the less mature biofilms were 50-fold to 200-fold higher than its MIC, and 100-fold to 400-fold higher against the more mature biofilms. Conclusion Halicin is a promising antibiotic that should be tested in animal models of orthopaedic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Higashihira
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Stefanie J. Simpson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Akira Morita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Joash R. Suryavanshi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Christopher J. Arnold
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Roman M. Natoli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward M. Greenfield
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
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Ruiz MJ, Sirini NE, Stegmayer MÁ, Soto LP, Zbrun MV, Olivero CR, Werning ML, Acosta FF, Signorini ML, Frizzo LS. Inhibitor activity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 on thermotolerant campylobacter with different biofilm-forming capacities. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad267. [PMID: 37974052 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To evaluate the biofilm-forming capacity of thermotolerant Campylobacter (TC) strains from poultry production and to analyse the inhibitory capacity of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 against TC on different materials. METHODS AND RESULTS Biofilm-forming capacity by Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli was analysed by cell adhesion in polystyrene plates. TC were classified as non-biofilm-forming (NBF, 1.3%), weak biofilm-forming (WBF, 68.4%), moderate biofilm-forming (MBF, 27.6%), and strong biofilm-forming (SBF, 2.7%). The inhibitory capacity of L. plantarum LP5 against TC was tested on stainless-steel, nylon, aluminium, and glass disks (treated group) and compared with biofilm-forming TC (control group). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 was inoculated, and then TC. Biofilm was removed in both experimental groups and TC and LP5 bacterial counts were performed. The L. plantarum LP5 presence reduced the formation of TC biofilm (P < 0.001). The material type and strain category influenced biofilm formation, with stainless-steel and the SBF strain being the material and TC having the highest adhesion (P < 0.001). Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP5 formed a similar biofilm on all materials (P = 0.823). CONCLUSIONS This trial showed very promising results; L. plantarum LP5 could be incorporated as a bio-protector of TC on different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- María J Ruiz
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
- Department of Animal Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, National University of the Centre of the Province of Buenos Aires, Tandil, Buenos Aires 7000, Argentina
| | - Noelí E Sirini
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - María Á Stegmayer
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - Lorena P Soto
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - María V Zbrun
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe S2300, Argentina
| | - Carolina R Olivero
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - María L Werning
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - Federico F Acosta
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
| | - Marcelo L Signorini
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
- National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, National Institute of Agricultural Technology EEA Rafaela, Rafaela, Province of Santa Fe S2300, Argentina
| | - Laureano S Frizzo
- Laboratory of Food Analysis "Rodolfo Oscar Dalla Santina", Institute of Veterinary Science (ICiVet Litoral), National University of the Litoral-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (UNL/CONICET), Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Litoral National University, Esperanza, Province of Santa Fe S3080, Argentina
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Gastaldi Guerrieri C, Teixeira Gonçalves M, Ferreira da Silva A, Souza Dos Santos AL, Dos Santos KV, Cruz Spano L. Remarkable antibiofilm activity of ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin, by themselves or in combination, against enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in vitro. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 107:116048. [PMID: 37657231 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2023.116048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), a biofilm forming pathogen, causes acute and persistent diarrhea worldwide, requiring antimicrobial therapy in severe or persistent cases. To determine the susceptibility of EAEC biofilm to antimicrobials, as single-agent or combined therapy, biofilm formation was investigated using EAEC clinical strains via peg lid. Of the 78 initially analyzed strains, 35 could form biofilms, 15 (42.9%; 15/35) were resistant to at least 1 tested antimicrobial and 20 (57.1%) were susceptible to all of them in the planktonic form. The biofilms of these susceptible strains were challenged against chosen antimicrobials, and displayed resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone (85%-100%), tobramycin (25%), cefoxitin (20%), and ciprofloxacin (5%). Moreover, ciprofloxacin combined with ampicillin, and tobramycin eradicated the biofilm of 2 of the 4 tested strains. Ciprofloxacin, cefoxitin, and tobramycin maintained their activity well against EAEC biofilm, suggesting their possible effectiveness to treat diarrhea caused by biofilm-forming EAEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Gastaldi Guerrieri
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil.
| | - Mariana Teixeira Gonçalves
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Anazi Ferreira da Silva
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - André Luis Souza Dos Santos
- Department of General Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kênia Valéria Dos Santos
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Liliana Cruz Spano
- Department of Pathology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Espírito Santo, Brazil
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Wynne KJ, Zolotarskaya O, Jarrell R, Wang C, Amin Y, Brunson K. Facile Modification of Medical-Grade Silicone for Antimicrobial Effectiveness and Biocompatibility: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy against Bacterial Biofilms. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:46626-46638. [PMID: 37782835 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c08734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
A one-step modification of biomedical silicone tubing with N,N-dimethyltetradecylamine, C14, results in a composition designated WinGard-1 (WG-1, 1.1 wt % C14). A surface-active silicon-amine phase (SAP) is proposed to account for increased wettability and increased surface charge. To understand the mechanism of antimicrobial effectiveness, several procedures were employed to detect whether C14 leaching occurred. An immersion-growth (IG) test was developed that required knowing the bacterial Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) and Minimum Biocidal Concentrations (MBCs). The C14 MIC and MBC for Gm- uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), commonly associated with catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI), were 10 and 20 μg/mL, respectively. After prior immersion of WG-1 silicone segments in a growth medium from 1 to 28 d, the IG test for the medium showed normal growth for UPEC over 24 h, indicating that the concentration of C14 must be less than the MIC, 10 μg/mL. GC-MS and studies of the medium inside and outside a dialysis bag containing WG-1 silicone segments supported de minimis leaching. Consequently, a 5 log UPEC reduction (99.999% kill) in 24 h using the shake flask test (ASTM E2149) cannot be due to leaching and is ascribed to contact kill. Interestingly, although the MBC was greater than 100 μg/mL for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, WG-1 silicone affected an 80% reduction via a 24 h shake flask test. For other bacteria and Candida albicans, greater than 99.9% shake flask kill may be understood by proposing increased wettability and concentration of charge illustrated in the TOC. De minimis leaching places WG-1 silicone at an advantage over conventional anti-infectives that rely on leaching of an antibiotic or heavy metals such as silver. The facile process for preparation of WG-1 silicone combined with biocidal effectiveness comprises progress toward the goals of device designation from the FDA for WG-1 and clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth J Wynne
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
| | - Olga Zolotarskaya
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
| | - Rebecca Jarrell
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
| | - Chenyu Wang
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
| | - Youssef Amin
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
| | - Kennard Brunson
- Virginia Bio+Tech Park, WynnVision LLC, Suite 57 800 East Leigh Street Richmond, Virginia 23219-1551, United States
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Alsharedeh RH, Alshraiedeh NH, Masadeh MM, Alzoubi KH, Al-Fandi MG, Hayajneh RH, Atawneh FH, Shubair ZA. Biofilm formation by E. coli and S. aureus on cellphone cover: sensitivity to commercially available sanitizers. PHARMACIA 2023. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.70.e95865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Presence of pathogens on the cellphones and their accessories poses a significant risk for public health. This study aimed to determine the biofilm-forming capability of S. aureus and E. coli on pieces made from a different commercially available cell phone and aadditionally to test the effectiveness of the most common commercially available sanitizers. Therefore, bacterial biofilm biomasses were quantitatively determined on cellphone covers using crystal violet assay in the presence and absence of common sanitizers. This study revealed that S. aureus and E. coli could form biofilms on the surfaces of all cellphones covers. Additionally, the sanitizers that contain sodium hypochlorite 5.25% and those composed of 38.9% ethanol and 0.05% dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride showed the highest log reduction in the number of viable cells after 5 minutes of exposure against biofilms formed by both E. coli and S. aureus compared to other tested sanitizers (chloroxylenol 4.8%, 2-propanol 64%, and ethanol 70%). Moreover, 4.8% chloroxylenol and 70% ethanol-based sanitizers showed log reductions significantly higher than 2-propanol-based ones. In conclusion, cellphone covers were shown to be suitable surfaces for microbial biofilm formation produced by S. aureus and E. coli. The antimicrobial activity of commercially available sanitizers against these bacterial biofilms was variable, with sodium hypochlorite and ethanol/dodecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride sanitizer being the most effective.
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Chiao YH, Lin HT, Ang MBMY, Teow YH, Wickramasinghe SR, Chang Y. Surface Zwitterionization via Grafting of Epoxylated Sulfobetaine Copolymers onto PVDF Membranes for Improved Permeability and Biofouling Mitigation. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsuan Chiao
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung Li32023, Taiwan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, United States
- Research Center for Membrane and Film Technology, Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Kobe University, Rokkodaicho 1-1, Nada, Kobe657-8501, Japan
| | - Hao-Tung Lin
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung Li32023, Taiwan
| | - Micah Belle Marie Yap Ang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung Li32023, Taiwan
| | - Yeit Hann Teow
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - S. Ranil Wickramasinghe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas72701, United States
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology (CESPRO), Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, 43600Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan University, Chung Li32023, Taiwan
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Sousa-Cardoso F, Teixeira-Santos R, Campos AF, Lima M, Gomes LC, Soares OSGP, Mergulhão FJ. Graphene-Based Coating to Mitigate Biofilm Development in Marine Environments. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:381. [PMID: 36770342 PMCID: PMC9919625 DOI: 10.3390/nano13030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Due to its several economic and ecological consequences, biofouling is a widely recognized concern in the marine sector. The search for non-biocide-release antifouling coatings has been on the rise, with carbon-nanocoated surfaces showing promising activity. This work aimed to study the impact of pristine graphene nanoplatelets (GNP) on biofilm development through the representative marine bacteria Cobetia marina and to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of action of this material. For this purpose, a flow cytometric analysis was performed and a GNP/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface containing 5 wt% GNP (G5/PDMS) was produced, characterized, and assessed regarding its biofilm mitigation potential over 42 days in controlled hydrodynamic conditions that mimic marine environments. Flow cytometry revealed membrane damage, greater metabolic activity, and endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by C. marina when exposed to GNP 5% (w/v) for 24 h. In addition, C. marina biofilms formed on G5/PDMS showed consistently lower cell count and thickness (up to 43% reductions) than PDMS. Biofilm architecture analysis indicated that mature biofilms developed on the graphene-based surface had fewer empty spaces (34% reduction) and reduced biovolume (25% reduction) compared to PDMS. Overall, the GNP-based surface inhibited C. marina biofilm development, showing promising potential as a marine antifouling coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Sousa-Cardoso
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Francisca Campos
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marta Lima
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Luciana C. Gomes
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Olívia S. G. P. Soares
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- LSRE-LCM—Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering—Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Zamora-Mendoza L, Guamba E, Miño K, Romero MP, Levoyer A, Alvarez-Barreto JF, Machado A, Alexis F. Antimicrobial Properties of Plant Fibers. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227999. [PMID: 36432099 PMCID: PMC9699224 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAI), or nosocomial infections, are a global health and economic problem in developed and developing countries, particularly for immunocompromised patients in their intensive care units (ICUs) and surgical site hospital areas. Recurrent pathogens in HAIs prevail over antibiotic-resistant bacteria, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. For this reason, natural antibacterial mechanisms are a viable alternative for HAI treatment. Natural fibers can inhibit bacterial growth, which can be considered a great advantage in these applications. Moreover, these fibers have been reported to be biocompatible and biodegradable, essential features for biomedical materials to avoid complications due to infections and significant immune responses. Consequently, tissue engineering, medical textiles, orthopedics, and dental implants, as well as cosmetics, are fields currently expanding the use of plant fibers. In this review, we will discuss the source of natural fibers with antimicrobial properties, antimicrobial mechanisms, and their biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizbeth Zamora-Mendoza
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Esteban Guamba
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Karla Miño
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Maria Paula Romero
- School of Biological Sciences & Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí 100119, Ecuador
| | - Anghy Levoyer
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - José F. Alvarez-Barreto
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - António Machado
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales COCIBA, Instituto de Microbiología, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Laboratorio de Bacteriología, Quito 170901, Ecuador
| | - Frank Alexis
- Colegio de Ciencias e Ingenierías, Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ), Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Quito 170901, Ecuador
- Correspondence:
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Nemattalab M, Rohani M, Evazalipour M, Hesari Z. Formulation of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial activity against Multi-drug Resistant Escherichia coli. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:289. [PMID: 36352402 PMCID: PMC9647953 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03775-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, the increment in microbial resistance has guided the researches focus into new antimicrobial compounds or transmission systems. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen, producing a biofilm responsible for a wide range of nosocomial infections which are often difficult to eradicate with available antibiotics. On the other hand, Cinnamomum verum (cinnamon oil) (CO) is widely used as a natural antibacterial agent and Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are promising carriers for antibacterial compounds due to their lipophilic nature and ease of transmission through the bacterial cell wall. In this study, nanoparticles containing cinnamon oil (CO-SLN) were prepared by dual emulsion method and evaluated in terms of particle size, shape, entrapment efficiency (EE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), oil release kinetics, and cell compatibility. The antibacterial activity of CO-SLN and CO against 10 drug-resistant E. coli strains was investigated. The anti-biofilm activity of CO-SLN on the selected pathogen was also investigated. Nanoparticles with an average size of 337.6 nm, and zeta potential of -26.6 mV were fabricated and their round shape was confirmed by TEM images. The antibacterial effects of CO-SLN and CO were reported with MIC Value of 60–75 µg/mL and 155–165 µg/mL and MBC value of 220–235 µg/ml and 540–560 µg/ml, respectively. On the other hand, CO-SLN with 1/2 MIC concentration had the greatest inhibition of biofilm formation in 24 h of incubation (55.25%). The data presented indicate that the MIC of CO-SLN has significantly reduced and it seems that SLN has facilitated and promoted CO transmission through the cell membrane.
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11
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Palabiyik I, Atik DS, Sivri GT, Uzun S, Kahyaoglu LN, Koc Y, Celebi E, Calisir K, Boluk E. Optimization of temperature for effective cleaning with a novel cleaning rig: Influence of soil and surface types. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbp.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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Gomes M, Gomes LC, Teixeira-Santos R, Pereira MF, Soares OS, Mergulhão FJ. Carbon nanotube-based surfaces: Effect on the inhibition of single- and dual-species biofilms of Escherichia coli and Enterococcus faecalis. RESULTS IN SURFACES AND INTERFACES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rsurfi.2022.100090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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13
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Synthesis and characterization of functionalized modified PVC-chitosan as antimicrobial polymeric biomaterial. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04478-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAmino acetic acid modified poly(vinyl chloride), MPVC, was obtained by chemical modification of PVC using glycine methyl ester. MPVC was used as a precursor to prepare some functionalized MPVC conjugates to be used in biomedical applications. MPVC-Cs was prepared by the chemical reaction of MPVC with chitosan as a natural polymer in absence and presence of epichlorohydrin (Ech) as a crosslinking agent. Further chemical modification was performed by the reaction of MPVC with Cs and salicylic acid in the absence in presence of Ech via one-pot reaction. The chemical structure of the formed MPVC, MPVC-Cs, MPVC-Cs/POH, MPVC-Cs/SA and MPVC-Cs/POH/SA was confirmed by the FTIR spectroscopic analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The antibacterial activity of the prepared MPVC and its conjugates was investigated against two Gram +ve bacteria (Staphylococcus aurous and Listeria monocytogenes) and (Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi) as Gram −ve bacteria in addition to the Catondida albicans as yeast. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) was also determined for the prepared materials.
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Guar gum propionate-kojic acid films for Escherichia coli biofilm disruption and simultaneous inhibition of planktonic growth. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 211:57-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.05.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Performance of Graphene/Polydimethylsiloxane Surfaces against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12030355. [PMID: 35159699 PMCID: PMC8839372 DOI: 10.3390/nano12030355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing incidence of implant-associated infections has prompted the development of effective strategies to prevent biofilm formation on these devices. In this work, pristine graphene nanoplatelet/polydimethylsiloxane (GNP/PDMS) surfaces containing different GNP loadings (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 wt%) were produced and evaluated on their ability to mitigate biofilm development. After GNP loading optimization, the most promising surface was tested against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibiofilm activity of GNP/PDMS surfaces was determined by the quantification of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells, as well as by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Results showed that 5 wt% GNP loading reduced the number of total (57%), viable (69%), culturable (55%), and VBNC cells (85%) of S. aureus biofilms compared to PDMS. A decrease of 25% in total cells and about 52% in viable, culturable, and VBNC cells was observed for P. aeruginosa biofilms. Dual-species biofilms demonstrated higher resistance to the antimicrobial activity of GNP surfaces, with lower biofilm cell reductions (of up to 29% when compared to single-species biofilms). Still, the effectiveness of these surfaces in suppressing single- and dual-species biofilm formation was confirmed by CLSM analysis, where a decrease in biofilm biovolume (83% for S. aureus biofilms and 42% for P. aeruginosa and dual-species biofilms) and thickness (on average 72%) was obtained. Overall, these results showed that pristine GNPs dispersed into the PDMS matrix were able to inhibit biofilm growth, being a starting point for the fabrication of novel surface coatings based on functionalized GNP/PDMS composites.
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Using Lactobacilli to Fight Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms on Urinary Tract Devices. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10121525. [PMID: 34943738 PMCID: PMC8698619 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10121525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The low efficacy of conventional treatments and the interest in finding natural-based approaches to counteract biofilm development on urinary tract devices have promoted the research on probiotics. This work evaluated the ability of two probiotic strains, Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus rhamnosus, in displacing pre-formed biofilms of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from medical-grade silicone. Single-species biofilms of 24 h were placed in contact with each probiotic suspension for 6 h and 24 h, and the reductions in biofilm cell culturability and total biomass were monitored by counting colony-forming units and crystal violet assay, respectively. Both probiotics significantly reduced the culturability of E. coli and S. aureus biofilms, mainly after 24 h of exposure, with reduction percentages of 70% and 77% for L. plantarum and 76% and 63% for L. rhamnosus, respectively. Additionally, the amount of E. coli biofilm determined by CV staining was maintained approximately constant after 6 h of probiotic contact and significantly reduced up to 67% after 24 h. For S. aureus, only L. rhamnosus caused a significant effect on biofilm amount after 6 h of treatment. Hence, this study demonstrated the potential of lactobacilli to control the development of pre-established uropathogenic biofilms.
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Czerwińska-Główka D, Skonieczna M, Barylski A, Golba S, Przystaś W, Zabłocka-Godlewska E, Student S, Cwalina B, Krukiewicz K. Bifunctional conducting polymer matrices with antibacterial and neuroprotective effects. Bioelectrochemistry 2021; 144:108030. [PMID: 34896782 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2021.108030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Current trends in the field of neural tissue engineering include the design of advanced biomaterials combining excellent electrochemical performance with versatile biological characteristics. The purpose of this work was to develop an antibacterial and neuroprotective coating based on a conducting polymer - poly(3,4-ethylenedioxypyrrole) (PEDOP), loaded with an antibiotic agent - tetracycline (Tc). Employing an electrochemical technique to immobilize Tc within a growing polymer matrix allowed to fabricate robust PEDOP/Tc coatings with a high charge storage capacity (63.65 ± 6.05 mC/cm2), drug release efficiency (629.4 µg/cm2 ± 62.7 µg/cm2), and low charge transfer resistance (2.4 ± 0.1 kΩ), able to deliver a stable electrical signal. PEDOP/Tc were found to exhibit strong antimicrobial effects against Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli, expressed through negligible adhesion, reduction in viability, and a characteristic elongation of bacterial cells. Cytocompatibility and neuroprotective effects were evaluated using a rat neuroblastoma B35 cell line, and were analyzed using MTT, cell cycle, and Annexin-V apoptosis assays. The presence of Tc was found to enhance neural cell viability and neurite outgrowth. The results confirmed that PEDOP/Tc can serve as an efficient neural electrode coating able to enhance charge transfer, as well as to exhibit bifunctional biological characteristics, different for eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Czerwińska-Główka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Magdalena Skonieczna
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Adrian Barylski
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Golba
- Institute of Materials Engineering, University of Silesia, 75 Pulku Piechoty, 41-500 Chorzow, Poland
| | - Wioletta Przystaś
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Ewa Zabłocka-Godlewska
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Air Protection, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S. Konarskiego 22B, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Sebastian Student
- Department of Systems Biology and Engineering, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Beata Cwalina
- Biotechnology Centre, Silesian University of Technology, B. Krzywoustego 8, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland; Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, S.Konarskiego 18, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Krukiewicz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, M.Strzody 9, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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The Influence of Nutrient Medium Composition on Escherichia coli Biofilm Development and Heterologous Protein Expression. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of different nutrient media on the development of Escherichia coli biofilms and the production of a heterologous protein were examined. E. coli JM109(DE3) cells transformed with pFM23 plasmid carrying the gene for enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) expression were used. Cells were grown in two different culture media, Lysogenic Broth (LB) and M9ZB, in a flow cell system for 10 days. Epifluorescence microscopy, fluorimetry, and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method based on hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) were used to assess bacterial growth, plasmid copy number (PCN), and eGFP production in both planktonic and biofilm cells. The results showed that biofilm development was favored in M9ZB medium when compared with LB. However, the number of eGFP-expressing cells was higher in LB for both planktonic and sessile states (two-fold and seven-fold, respectively). In addition, the PCN in biofilm cells was slightly higher when using LB medium (on average, 29 plasmids per cell versus 20 plasmids per cell in M9ZB), and higher plasmid stability was observed in biofilms formed in LB compared to their planktonic counterparts. Hence, E. coli biofilms grown in LB enhanced both plasmid stability and capacity to produce the model heterologous protein when compared to M9ZB.
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Development of Chitosan-Based Surfaces to Prevent Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144378. [PMID: 34299652 PMCID: PMC8306285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Implantable medical devices (IMDs) are susceptible to microbial adhesion and biofilm formation, which lead to several clinical complications, including the occurrence of implant-associated infections. Polylactic acid (PLA) and its composites are currently used for the construction of IMDs. In addition, chitosan (CS) is a natural polymer that has been widely used in the medical field due to its antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties, which can be dependent on molecular weight (Mw). The present study aims to evaluate the performance of CS-based surfaces of different Mw to inhibit bacterial biofilm formation. For this purpose, CS-based surfaces were produced by dip-coating and the presence of CS and its derivatives onto PLA films, as well surface homogeneity were confirmed by contact angle measurements, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The antimicrobial activity of the functionalized surfaces was evaluated against single- and dual-species biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Chitosan-based surfaces were able to inhibit the development of single- and dual-species biofilms by reducing the number of total, viable, culturable, and viable but nonculturable cells up to 79%, 90%, 81%, and 96%, respectively, being their activity dependent on chitosan Mw. The effect of CS-based surfaces on the inhibition of biofilm formation was corroborated by biofilm structure analysis using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), which revealed a decrease in the biovolume and thickness of the biofilm formed on CS-based surfaces compared to PLA. Overall, these results support the potential of low Mw CS for coating polymeric devices such as IMDs where the two bacteria tested are common colonizers and reduce their biofilm formation.
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The Effect of Molecular Weight on the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan from Loligo opalescens for Food Packaging Applications. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19070384. [PMID: 34356809 PMCID: PMC8303414 DOI: 10.3390/md19070384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The growing requirement for sustainable processes has boosted the development of biodegradable plastic-based materials incorporating bioactive compounds obtained from waste, adding value to these products. Chitosan (Ch) is a biopolymer that can be obtained by deacetylation of chitin (found abundantly in waste from the fishery industry) and has valuable properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial activity, and easy film-forming ability. This study aimed to produce and characterize poly(lactic acid) (PLA) surfaces coated with β-chitosan and β-chitooligosaccharides from a Loligo opalescens pen with different molecular weights for application in the food industry. The PLA films with native and depolymerized Ch were functionalized through plasma oxygen treatment followed by dip-coating, and their physicochemical properties were assessed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, water contact angle, and scanning electron microscopy. Their antimicrobial properties were assessed against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas putida, where Ch-based surfaces reduced the number of biofilm viable, viable but nonculturable, and culturable cells by up to 73%, 74%, and 87%, respectively, compared to PLA. Biofilm growth inhibition was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Results suggest that Ch films of higher molecular weight had higher antibiofilm activity under the food storage conditions mimicked in this work, contributing simultaneously to the reuse of marine waste.
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22
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Faria SI, Teixeira-Santos R, Morais J, Vasconcelos V, Mergulhão FJ. The association between initial adhesion and cyanobacterial biofilm development. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2021; 97:6204666. [PMID: 33784393 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiab052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although laboratory assays provide valuable information about the antifouling effectiveness of marine surfaces and the dynamics of biofilm formation, they may be laborious and time-consuming. This study aimed to determine the potential of short-time adhesion assays to estimate how biofilm development may proceed. The initial adhesion and cyanobacterial biofilm formation were evaluated using glass and polymer epoxy resin surfaces under different hydrodynamic conditions and were compared using linear regression models. For initial adhesion, the polymer epoxy resin surface was significantly associated with a lower number of adhered cells compared with glass (-1.27 × 105 cells.cm-2). Likewise, the number of adhered cells was significantly lower (-1.16 × 105 cells.cm-2) at 185 than at 40 rpm. This tendency was maintained during biofilm development and was supported by the biofilm wet weight, thickness, chlorophyll a content and structure. Results indicated a significant correlation between the number of adhered and biofilm cells (r = 0.800, p < 0.001). Moreover, the number of biofilm cells on day 42 was dependent on the number of adhered cells at the end of the initial adhesion and hydrodynamic conditions (R2 = 0.795, p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate the high potential of initial adhesion assays to estimate marine biofilm development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I Faria
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR - Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208, Matosinhos, Portugal.,FCUP - Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465, Porto, Portugal
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Carrascosa C, Raheem D, Ramos F, Saraiva A, Raposo A. Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18042014. [PMID: 33669645 PMCID: PMC7922197 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18042014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms, present as microorganisms and surviving on surfaces, can increase food cross-contamination, leading to changes in the food industry’s cleaning and disinfection dynamics. Biofilm is an association of microorganisms that is irreversibly linked with a surface, contained in an extracellular polymeric substance matrix, which poses a formidable challenge for food industries. To avoid biofilms from forming, and to eliminate them from reversible attachment and irreversible stages, where attached microorganisms improve surface adhesion, a strong disinfectant is required to eliminate bacterial attachments. This review paper tackles biofilm problems from all perspectives, including biofilm-forming pathogens in the food industry, disinfectant resistance of biofilm, and identification methods. As biofilms are largely responsible for food spoilage and outbreaks, they are also considered responsible for damage to food processing equipment. Hence the need to gain good knowledge about all of the factors favouring their development or growth, such as the attachment surface, food matrix components, environmental conditions, the bacterial cells involved, and electrostatic charging of surfaces. Overall, this review study shows the real threat of biofilms in the food industry due to the resistance of disinfectants and the mechanisms developed for their survival, including the intercellular signalling system, the cyclic nucleotide second messenger, and biofilm-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Carrascosa
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
| | - Dele Raheem
- Northern Institute for Environmental and Minority Law (NIEM), Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, 96101 Rovaniemi, Finland;
| | - Fernando Ramos
- Pharmacy Faculty, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, R. D. Manuel II, 55142 Apartado, Portugal
| | - Ariana Saraiva
- Department of Animal Pathology and Production, Bromatology and Food Technology, Faculty of Veterinary, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Trasmontaña s/n, 35413 Arucas, Spain;
| | - António Raposo
- CBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
- Correspondence: (C.C.); (A.R.)
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Ma A, Neumann N, Chui L. Phenotypic and Genetic Determination of Biofilm Formation in Heat Resistant Escherichia coli Possessing the Locus of Heat Resistance. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9020403. [PMID: 33672009 PMCID: PMC7919257 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the effectiveness of thermal inactivation processes, Escherichiacoli biofilms continue to be a persistent source of contamination in food processing environments. E. coli strains possessing the locus of heat resistance are a novel food safety threat and raises the question of whether these strains can also form biofilms. The objectives of this study were to determine biofilm formation in heat resistant E. coli isolates from clinical and environmental origins using an in-house, two-component apparatus and to characterize biofilm formation-associated genes in the isolates using whole genome sequencing. Optimal conditions for biofilm formation in each of the heat resistant isolates were determined by manipulating inoculum size, nutrient concentration, and temperature conditions. Biofilm formation in the heat resistant isolates was detected at temperatures of 24 °C and 37 °C but not at 4 °C. Furthermore, biofilm formation was observed in all environmental isolates but only one clinical isolate despite shared profiles in biofilm formation-associated genes encoded by the isolates from both sources. The circulation of heat resistant E. coli isolates with multi-stress tolerance capabilities in environments related to food processing signify that such strains may be a serious food safety and public health risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Ma
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Norman Neumann
- School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
| | - Linda Chui
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada;
- Alberta Precision Laboratories—Provincial Laboratory for Public Health, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J2, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-407-8951
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Zanuy D, Nir S, Aleman C, Reches M. Structural preferences of an anti-fouling peptide: From single chain to small molecular assemblies. Biophys Chem 2021; 272:106555. [PMID: 33713998 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2021.106555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The structural features of a tripeptide constituted by two different non-coded amino acids, 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-DOPA) and 4-fluoro-Phenylalanine, (Phe(4F)), have been investigated by means of classical mechanics simulations. This tripeptide had been characterised as an antifouling agent with great adhesion capabilities. In this work, its conformational preferences have been described in two different environments (gas phase and water solution), at three different pHs and with different degrees of terminal capping. At the same time, the structural dynamics of small aggregates of the tripeptide have been investigated and their ability to stabilise β-sheet based assemblies has been studied. The reported results describe the complexity of the tripeptide conformational preferences due to both the amphiphilic nature of its side chains, and the effect of the ionisation state resulting from the solution conditions. The investigations performed with small tripeptide assemblies in water solution reproduced the previously reported structural features, such as the polymorphism of its aggregates as a function of the pH. At edge pH values, the electrostatic screening imposed by the ions present in the solution facilitates the aggregation of the tripeptide chains, while at neutral pH and low concentrations of ionised species, the polar groups and the hydrogen bond capable groups impose their strength and lead to the disaggregation of the peptide clusters by favouring the solvation of individual chains rather than stabilising the aggregated states.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Zanuy
- Department of Chemical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Sivan Nir
- Institute of Chemistry and The Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Carlos Aleman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain; Barcelona Research Centre for Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/ Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. C, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meital Reches
- Institute of Chemistry and The Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel.
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STAGES OF BIOFILMS FORMATION BY THE LEADING PATHOGENS IN CHILDREN WITH PYELONEPHRITIS ON CONGENITAL HYDRONEPHROSIS BACKGROUND DEPENDING ON CHILD’S AGE. EUREKA: HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.21303/2504-5679.2021.001621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim: to study the stages of primary and secondary biofilms formation by the leading pathogens in children with pyelonephritis on congenital hydronephrosis background depending on child’s age.
Materials and methods. Venflons, catheters, urine were used as material for microbiological study. Identification of microorganisms was provided with MICRO-LA-TESTÒID kits. Isolates were tested for ability to form biofilms in Petri dishes with d=40 mm. The morphological structure of the biofilms was studied by scanning electron microscopy.
Results: The study of structural and functional features of biofilms formation by leading pathogens of in children with pyelonephritis on congenital hydronephrosis background depending on child’s age revealed a number of features and patterns. In addition to the classical stages of biofilms formation as 3D structure there was found a dissemination of planktonic cells with the release of bacteria or loss of single fragments that spread throughout the body and attach to the substrate with the formation of a new or secondary biofilm. In children under 3 years it was shown that the cocci attachment to the substrate appeared faster than in gram-negative rods and had appearance of separate structures. The longest stage of primary biofilms formation in young children was the co-aggregation. Detecting an ability to colonize with the formation of a secondary biofilm in isolates established that the longest stage was re-adsorption and the shortest was re-aggregation, which lasted 2 hours in all detected pathogens. In middle-aged children, the duration of adhesion stage was reduced by 1-2 hours compared with it in young children.
Conclusions. Scientific data about the stages of biofilms formation by microorganisms, causative agents of pyelonephritis in children was updated. Adhesion stage of isolates from elder children with pyelonephritis on background of congenital hydronephrosis underwent faster in the formation of secondary biofilms than in primary, and it formed the possibility for chronic process and the development of recurrences. The duration of each stage in biofilms formation by causative agents of pyelonephritis in children with congenital hydronephrosis depended on the age of the child and the properties of microorganisms
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Verhorstert KW, Guler Z, de Boer L, Riool M, Roovers JPWR, Zaat SAJ. In Vitro Bacterial Adhesion and Biofilm Formation on Fully Absorbable Poly-4-hydroxybutyrate and Nonabsorbable Polypropylene Pelvic Floor Implants. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:53646-53653. [PMID: 33210919 PMCID: PMC7716345 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c14668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Knitted polypropylene (PP) implants for the correction of pelvic organ prolapse have been associated with complications such as vaginal exposure, infection, and pain. Since certain complications may be linked to bacterial contamination and persistent inflammation, there is a rationale to develop a biocompatible implant that is less prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation. Delayed absorbable materials could meet these requirements and poly-4-hydroxybutyrate (P4HB) might be such a new material for future pelvic floor implants. We studied in vitro bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation on P4HB in comparison to PP. We investigated the influence of both polymers using flat films and compared P4HB and PP implants with different knitting designs. P4HB flat films were demonstrated to be hydrophilic with significantly less Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli cultured from P4HB films than from hydrophobic PP films after 24 h of incubation. On the implants, a higher number of E. coli were cultured after 1 h of incubation from the knitted P4HB implant with the highest density and smallest pore size, compared to other P4HB and PP implants. No differences were observed between the implants for E. coli at later time points or for S. aureus incubation. These results show that in flat films, the polymer influences biofilm formation, demonstrated by a reduced biofilm formation on P4HB compared with PP flat films. In addition, the knitting design may affect bacterial adhesion. Despite certain design and material characteristics that give the knitted P4HB implants a higher surface area, this did not result in more bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation overall. Collectively, these results warrant further (pre)clinical investigations of P4HB pelvic floor implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim W.
J. Verhorstert
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development,
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Zeliha Guler
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development,
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Leonie de Boer
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute
for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Riool
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute
for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Paul W. R. Roovers
- Department
of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development,
Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The
Netherlands
| | - Sebastian A. J. Zaat
- Department
of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute
for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands
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Dolid A, Gomes LC, Mergulhão FJ, Reches M. Combining chemistry and topography to fight biofilm formation: Fabrication of micropatterned surfaces with a peptide-based coating. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 196:111365. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Donkadokula NY, Naz I, Kola AK, Saroj D. Assessment of the aerobic glass beads fixed biofilm reactor (GBs-FBR) for the treatment of simulated methylene blue wastewater. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20705. [PMID: 33244058 PMCID: PMC7692555 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77670-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The present research is focused on the application of glass beads (GBs) in fixed biofilm reactor (FBR) for the treatment of simulated methylene blue (MB) wastewater for 9 weeks under aerobic conditions. The COD of MB wastewater showed a reduction of 86.48% from 2000 to 270.4 mg/L, and BOD was declined up to 97.7% from 1095.5 to 25.03 mg/L. A drastic increase in the pH was observed until the 3rd week (8.5 to 8.28), and later, marginal changes between 8.30 ± 0.02 were noticed. A dramatic fluctuation was observed in ammonia concentration which increased (74.25 mg/L) up till the 2nd week, and from the 3rd week it started declining. In the 9th week, the ammonia concentration dropped to 16.5 mg/L. The color intensity increased significantly up till the 2nd week (259,237.46 Pt/Co) of the experiment and started decreasing slowly thereafter. The SEM-EDX analysis has shown the maximum quantity of carbon content in the GBs without biofilm, and then in the GB samples of 1st, and 9th-week old aerobic biofilms. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy results revealed that the 9th-week GBs has a fine and strong MB peak and matched with that of the MB stock solution. Overall, the results have shown that the GBs filter media were suitable for the development of active biofilm communities for the treatment of dye wastewater. Thus, GBs-FBR system can be used for wastewater treatment to solve the current problem of industrial pollution in many countries and to protect the aquatic environment from dye pollution caused by the textile industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Yadav Donkadokula
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Iffat Naz
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK
- Department of Biology, Scientific Unit, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, Buraidah, 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Anand Kishore Kola
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal, Telangana, India.
| | - Devendra Saroj
- Centre for Environmental Health and Engineering (CEHE), Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK.
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30
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Experimental Assessment of the Performance of Two Marine Coatings to Curb Biofilm Formation of Microfoulers. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10090893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Biofilms formed on submerged marine surfaces play a critical role in the fouling process, causing increased fuel consumption, corrosion, and high maintenance costs. Thus, marine biofouling is a major issue and motivates the development of antifouling coatings. In this study, the performance of two commercial marine coatings, a foul-release silicone-based paint (SilRef) and an epoxy resin (EpoRef), was evaluated regarding their abilities to prevent biofilm formation by Cyanobium sp. and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata (common microfoulers). Biofilms were developed under defined hydrodynamic conditions to simulate marine settings, and the number of biofilm cells, wet weight, and thickness were monitored for 7 weeks. The biofilm structure was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) at the end-point. Results demonstrated that EpoRef surfaces were effective in inhibiting biofilm formation at initial stages (until day 28), while SilRef surfaces showed high efficacy in decreasing biofilm formation during maturation (from day 35 onwards). Wet weight and thickness analysis, as well as CLSM data, indicate that SilRef surfaces were less prone to biofilm formation than EpoRef surfaces. Furthermore, the efficacy of SilRef surfaces may be dependent on the fouling microorganism, while the performance of EpoRef was strongly influenced by a combined effect of surface and microorganism.
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31
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Efficacy of A Poly(MeOEGMA) Brush on the Prevention of Escherichia coli Biofilm Formation and Susceptibility. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9050216. [PMID: 32365462 PMCID: PMC7277157 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9050216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract infections are one of the most common hospital-acquired infections, and they are often associated with biofilm formation in indwelling medical devices such as catheters and stents. This study aims to investigate the antibiofilm performance of a polymer brush—poly[oligo(ethylene glycol) methyl ether methacrylate], poly(MeOEGMA)—and evaluate its effect on the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli biofilms formed on that surface. Biofilms were formed in a parallel plate flow chamber (PPFC) for 24 h under the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in urinary catheters and stents and challenged with ampicillin. Results obtained with the brush were compared to those obtained with two control surfaces, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and glass. The polymer brush reduced by 57% the surface area covered by E. coli after 24 h, as well as the number of total adhered cells. The antibiotic treatment potentiated cell death and removal, and the total cell number was reduced by 88%. Biofilms adapted their architecture, and cell morphology changed to a more elongated form during that period. This work suggests that the poly(MeOEGMA) brush has potential to prevent bacterial adhesion in urinary tract devices like ureteral stents and catheters, as well as in eradicating biofilms developed in these biomedical devices.
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32
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Alves P, Gomes LC, Vorobii M, Rodriguez-Emmenegger C, Mergulhão FJ. The potential advantages of using a poly(HPMA) brush in urinary catheters: effects on biofilm cells and architecture. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 191:110976. [PMID: 32272386 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Infections related to bacterial colonization of medical devices are a growing concern given the socio-economical impacts in healthcare systems. Colonization of a device surface with bacteria usually triggers the development of a biofilm, which is more difficult to eradicate than free-floating or adhered bacteria and can act as a reservoir for subsequent infections. Biofilms often harbor Viable but nonculturable (VBNC) cells that are likely to be more resistant to antibiotic treatment and that can become active in more favorable conditions causing infection. Biofilm formation is dependent on different factors, chiefly the properties of the surface and of the surrounding medium, and the hydrodynamic conditions. In this work, the antifouling performance of a poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl) methacrylamide] (poly(HPMA)) brush was evaluated in vitro in conditions that mimic a urinary catheter using Escherichia coli as a model organism. The results obtained with the brush were compared to those obtained with two control surfaces, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (the most common material for catheters) and glass. A decrease in initial adhesion and surface coverage was observed on the brush. This antifouling behavior was maintained during biofilm maturation and even in a simulated post-bladder infection period when the reduction in total cell number reached 87 %. Biofilms were shown to adapt their architecture during that period and VBNC cells adsorbed weakly on the brushes and were completely washed away. Taken together, these results suggest that the use of the poly(HPMA) brush in urinary tract devices such as catheters and stents may reduce biofilm formation and possibly render the formed biofilms more susceptible to antibiotic treatment and with reduced infectivity potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Alves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Vorobii
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Rodriguez-Emmenegger
- DWI - Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials and Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - F J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
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33
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Faria SI, Teixeira-Santos R, Romeu MJ, Morais J, Vasconcelos V, Mergulhão FJ. The Relative Importance of Shear Forces and Surface Hydrophobicity on Biofilm Formation by Coccoid Cyanobacteria. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12030653. [PMID: 32178447 PMCID: PMC7183090 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the conditions affecting cyanobacterial biofilm development is crucial to develop new antibiofouling strategies and decrease the economic and environmental impact of biofilms in marine settings. In this study, we investigated the relative importance of shear forces and surface hydrophobicity on biofilm development by two coccoid cyanobacteria with different biofilm formation capacities. The strong biofilm-forming Synechocystis salina was used along with the weaker biofilm-forming Cyanobium sp. Biofilms were developed in defined hydrodynamic conditions using glass (a model hydrophilic surface) and a polymeric epoxy coating (a hydrophobic surface) as substrates. Biofilms developed in both surfaces at lower shear conditions contained a higher number of cells and presented higher values for wet weight, thickness, and chlorophyll a content. The impact of hydrodynamics on biofilm development was generally stronger than the impact of surface hydrophobicity, but a combined effect of these two parameters strongly affected biofilm formation for the weaker biofilm-producing organism. The antibiofilm performance of the polymeric coating was confirmed at the hydrodynamic conditions prevailing in ports. Shear forces were shown to have a profound impact on biofilm development in marine settings regardless of the fouling capacity of the existing flora and the hydrophobicity of the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara I. Faria
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.F.); (R.T.-S.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Rita Teixeira-Santos
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.F.); (R.T.-S.); (M.J.R.)
| | - Maria J. Romeu
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.F.); (R.T.-S.); (M.J.R.)
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinar Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.M.); (V.V.)
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinar Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal; (J.M.); (V.V.)
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Filipe J. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal; (S.I.F.); (R.T.-S.); (M.J.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225-081-668
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34
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Gomes L, Monteiro G, Mergulhão F. The Impact of IPTG Induction on Plasmid Stability and Heterologous Protein Expression by Escherichia coli Biofilms. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020576. [PMID: 31963160 PMCID: PMC7013871 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This work assesses the effect of chemical induction with isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) on the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) by planktonic and biofilm cells of Escherichia coli JM109(DE3) transformed with a plasmid containing a T7 promoter. It was shown that induction negatively affected the growth and viability of planktonic cultures, and eGFP production did not increase. Heterologous protein production was not limited by gene dosage or by transcriptional activity. Results suggest that plasmid maintenance at high copy number imposes a metabolic burden that precludes high level expression of the heterologous protein. In biofilm cells, the inducer avoided the overall decrease in the amount of expressed eGFP, although this was not correlated with the gene dosage. Higher specific production levels were always attained with biofilm cells and it seems that while induction of biofilm cells shifts their metabolism towards the maintenance of heterologous protein concentration, in planktonic cells the cellular resources are directed towards plasmid replication and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Gomes
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Gabriel Monteiro
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Filipe Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-225081668
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35
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Suleman Ismail Abdalla S, Katas H, Chan JY, Ganasan P, Azmi F, Fauzi Mh Busra M. Antimicrobial activity of multifaceted lactoferrin or graphene oxide functionalized silver nanocomposites biosynthesized using mushroom waste and chitosan. RSC Adv 2020; 10:4969-4983. [PMID: 35498291 PMCID: PMC9049173 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra08680c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid nanoparticles designed to exert multiple mechanisms of antibacterial action offer a new approach to the fight against pathogenic resistant bacteria. In this study, nanomaterials with the dual actions of antibacterial and anti-biofilm activities were developed using silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) functionalized with either lactoferrin (LTF) or graphene oxide (GO). AgNPs were synthesized using mushroom waste as a reducing agent and chitosan (CS) as a stabilizing agent, prior to their surface functionalization with either GO (AgGO) or LTF (Ag-LTF). The AgNPs exhibited a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band at 430 nm, as determined by UV-vis spectroscopy, whereas the absorption of AgGO and Ag-LTF occurred at 402 and 441 nm, respectively. Particle size analysis of AgNPs, AgGO, and Ag-LTF revealed sizes of 121.5 ± 10.5, 354.0 ± 1.6, and 130.8 ± 1.2 nm, respectively. All AgNPs, Ag-LTF, and AgGO inhibited selected Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria with comparable antibacterial performance, as determined by the agar diffusion method. Despite the absence of antibacterial activity by GO and LTF, a synergistic effect of AgGO and Ag-LTF was observed as they had a greater activity against P. aeruginosa. Moreover, Ag-LTF did not affect cell viability and migration rate of cells, suggesting the non-toxicity of Ag-LTF. In conclusion, AgNPs, Ag-LTF, and AgGO possess antibacterial activity, which may offer an alternative for future antibacterial agents. Biosynthesis of multifaceted silver nanoparticles using waste mushroom and chitosan.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Haliza Katas
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Jie Yee Chan
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Pavitra Ganasan
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
| | - Fazren Azmi
- Centre for Drug Delivery Research
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
- Kuala Lumpur
- Malaysia
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Romeu MJ, Alves P, Morais J, Miranda JM, Jong E, Sjollema J, Ramos V, Vasconcelos V, Mergulhão FJM. Biofilm formation behaviour of marine filamentous cyanobacterial strains in controlled hydrodynamic conditions. Environ Microbiol 2019; 21:4411-4424. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.14807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria J. Romeu
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Patrícia Alves
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - João Morais
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Matosinhos Portugal
| | - João M. Miranda
- CEFT—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Ed.D. Jong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Jelmer Sjollema
- Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Vítor Ramos
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Matosinhos Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões Matosinhos Portugal
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences University of Porto Porto Portugal
| | - Filipe J. M. Mergulhão
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering University of Porto Porto Portugal
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37
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Modulation of fungal biofilm physiology and secondary product formation based on physico-chemical surface properties. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1935-1946. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Taunk A, Chen R, Iskander G, Ho KKK, Almohaywi B, Black DS, Willcox MDP, Kumar N. The Role of Orientation of Surface Bound Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHP) on Biological Activity. Molecules 2019; 24:E2676. [PMID: 31340597 PMCID: PMC6680537 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24142676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Revised: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Quorum sensing (QS) signaling system is important for bacterial growth, adhesion, and biofilm formation resulting in numerous infectious diseases. Dihydropyrrol-2-ones (DHPs) represent a novel class of antimicrobial agents that inhibit QS, and are less prone to develop bacterial resistance due to their non-growth inhibition mechanism of action which does not cause survival pressure on bacteria. DHPs can prevent bacterial colonization and quorum sensing when covalently bound to substrates. In this study, the role of orientation of DHP compounds was investigated after covalent attachment by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling reaction to amine-functionalized glass surfaces via various positions of the DHP scaffold. The functionalized glass surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and contact angle measurements and tested for their in vitro biological activity against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. DHPs attached via the N-1 position resulted in the highest antibacterial activities against S. aureus, while no difference was observed for DHPs attached either via the N-1 position or the C-4 phenyl ring against P. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Taunk
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Renxun Chen
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - George Iskander
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Kitty K K Ho
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Basmah Almohaywi
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | | | - Mark D P Willcox
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia
| | - Naresh Kumar
- School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2052, Australia.
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Yuan L, Hansen MF, Røder HL, Wang N, Burmølle M, He G. Mixed-species biofilms in the food industry: Current knowledge and novel control strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2019; 60:2277-2293. [PMID: 31257907 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2019.1632790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Attachment of microorganisms to food contact surfaces and the subsequent formation of biofilms may cause equipment damage, food spoilage and even diseases. Mixed-species biofilms are ubiquitous in the food industry and they generally exhibit higher resistance to disinfectants and antimicrobials compared to single-species biofilms. The physiology and metabolic activity of microorganisms in mixed-species biofilms are however rather complicated to study, and despite targeted research efforts, the potential role of mixed-species biofilms in food industry is still rather unexplored. In this review, we summarize recent studies in the context of bacterial social interactions in mixed-species biofilms, resistance to disinfectants, detection methods, and potential novel strategies to control the formation of mixed-species biofilms for enhanced food safety and food quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yuan
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Frederik Hansen
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henriette Lyng Røder
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ni Wang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mette Burmølle
- Section of Microbiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guoqing He
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Nir S, Zanuy D, Zada T, Agazani O, Aleman C, Shalev DE, Reches M. Tailoring the self-assembly of a tripeptide for the formation of antimicrobial surfaces. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:8752-8759. [PMID: 30778487 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr10043h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of bacteria on surfaces is currently one of the greatest concerns for the management of proper healthcare systems, water and energy. Here, we describe the mechanism by which a single peptide forms two pH-dependent supramolecular particles that resist bacterial contamination. By using NMR and molecular dynamics (MD), we determined the structures of the peptide monomers and showed the forces directing the self-assembly of each structure under different conditions. These peptide assemblies change the characteristics of bare glass and confer it with the ability to prevent biofilm formation. Furthermore, they can adsorb and release active compounds as demonstrated with an anticancer drug, antibiotic and enzyme. This synergism and the detailed understanding of the processes are necessary for developing new sterile surfaces for healthcare systems, water purification devices, food packaging or any environment that suffers from biocontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Nir
- Institute of Chemistry and The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, 91904. Israel.
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Yu M, Ding X, Zhu Y, Wu S, Ding X, Li Y, Yu B, Xu FJ. Facile Surface Multi-Functionalization of Biomedical Catheters with Dual-Microcrystalline Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Drugs and Antifouling Poly(ethylene glycol) for Effective Inhibition of Bacterial Infections. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1348-1356. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Manman Yu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xuejia Ding
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yiwen Zhu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Shuangmei Wu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Xiaokang Ding
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Yang Li
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Bingran Yu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
| | - Fu-Jian Xu
- Key Lab of Biomedical Materials of Natural Macromolecules (Beijing University of Chemical Technology), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100029 China
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Indoor Air Quality and Potential Health Risk Impacts of Exposure to Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria in an Office Rooms in Southern Poland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15112604. [PMID: 30469413 PMCID: PMC6267043 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15112604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this article are to characterize: the quantity of culturable bacterial aerosol (QCBA) and the quality of culturable bacterial aerosol (QlCBA) in an office building in Southern Poland during the spring. The average concentration of culturable bacterial aerosol (CCBA) in this building ranged from 424 CFU m-3 to 821 CFU m-3, below Polish proposals for threshold limit values. Size distributions were unimodal, with a peak of particle bacterial aerodynamic diameters less than 3.3 μm, increasing potentially adverse health effects due to their inhalation. The spring office exposure dose (SPED) of bacterial aerosol was estimated. The highest value of SPED was in April (218 CFU kg-1), whereas the lowest was in June (113 CFU kg-1). Analysis was undertaken to determine the antibiotic resistance of isolated strains and their ability to form biofilms, which may facilitate the spread of antibiotic resistance genes. In the course of the study, it was found that Staphylococcus xylosus had the greatest ability to form biofilms, while the strains with the highest antibiotic resistance were Micrococcus luteus D and Macrococcus equipercicus. Given that mainly antibiotic-sensitive bacteria from bioaerosol were isolated, which transfers resistance genes to their plasmids, this shows the need for increased monitoring of indoor air quality in workplaces.
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Saba T, Sajid M, Khan AA, Zahra R. Role of Intracellular Adhesion icaAD and agr genes in Biofilm Formation in Clinical S. aureus Isolates and Assessment of Two Phenotypic Methods. Pak J Med Sci 2018; 34:633-637. [PMID: 30034429 PMCID: PMC6041513 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.343.14530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To determine the role of icaAD and agr genes in biofilm formation and evaluate the consistency of two phenotypic methods for biofilm measurement. Methods: A total of 81 clinical S. aureus strains were included and analyzed for biofilm formation by two methods. The microtitration plate method was optimized using computational fluid dynamics and compared with the Congo red assay. The genes for icaAD and agr were detected using PCR. Results: Of 81 isolates, biofilm production was detected in 43% isolates using Congo red method while microtiter plate assay showed biofilm production in 92% isolates. Both methods showed correlation in 30% isolates. PCR detection showed icaAD gene in 42 (52%) isolates. Out of 81 S. aureus isolates 65 strains (80%) contained agr while 16 (20%) strains were non-typeable. Conclusions: In conclusion, biofilm production was observed for both agr positive and agr negative isolates. Furthermore, the presence of icaAD genes was not associated with all biofilm producing strains as some strains negative for icaAD genes displayed biofilm production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayyeba Saba
- Tayyeba Saba, M.Phil, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajid
- Muhammad Sajid, PhD. School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering (SMME), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amir Afzal Khan
- Tayyeba Saba, M.Phil, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabaab Zahra
- Tayyeba Saba, M.Phil, Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Gomes LC, Deschamps J, Briandet R, Mergulhão FJ. Impact of modified diamond-like carbon coatings on the spatial organization and disinfection of mixed-biofilms composed of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans industrial isolates. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 277:74-82. [PMID: 29689455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This work investigated the effects of diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on the architecture and biocide reactivity of dual-species biofilms mimicking food processing contaminants. Biofilms were grown using industrial isolates of Escherichia coli and Pantoea agglomerans on bare stainless steel (SST) and on two DLC surface coatings (a-C:H:Si:O designated by SICON® and a-C:H:Si designated by SICAN) in order to evaluate their antifouling activities. Quantification and spatial organization in single- and dual-species biofilms were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) using a strain specific labelling procedure. Those assays revealed that the E. coli isolate exhibited a higher adhesion to the modified surfaces and a decreased susceptibility to disinfectant in presence of P. agglomerans than alone in axenic culture. While SICON® reduced the short-term growth of E. coli in axenic conditions, both DLC surfaces increased the E. coli colonization in presence of P. agglomerans. However, both modified surfaces triggered a significantly higher log reduction of E. coli cells within mixed-species biofilms, thus the use of SICON® and SICAN surfaces may be a good approach to facilitate the disinfection process in critical areas of food processing plants. This study presents a new illustration of the importance of interspecies interactions in surface-associated community functions, and of the need to evaluate the effectiveness of hygienic strategies with relevant multi-species consortia.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Gomes
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - J Deschamps
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - R Briandet
- Micalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350 Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - F J Mergulhão
- LEPABE - Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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Berlanga M, Gomez-Perez L, Guerrero R. Biofilm formation and antibiotic susceptibility in dispersed cells versus planktonic cells from clinical, industry and environmental origins. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2017; 110:1691-1704. [PMID: 28770446 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-017-0919-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We examined the cell-surface physicochemical properties, the biofilm formation capability and the antibiotic susceptibility in dispersed cells (from an artificial biofilm of alginate beads) and compared with their planktonic (free-swimming) counterparts. The strains used were from different origins, such as clinical (Acinetobacter baumannii AB4), cosmetic industry (Klebsiella oxytoca EU213, Pseudomonas aeruginosa EU190), and environmental (Halomonas venusta MAT28). In general, dispersed cells adhered better to surfaces (measured as the "biofilm index") and had a greater hydrophobicity [measured as the microbial affinity to solvents (MATS)] than planktonic cells. The susceptibility to two antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and tetracycline) of dispersed cells was higher compared with that of their planktonic counterparts (tested by the "bactericidal index"). Dispersed and planktonic cells exhibited differences in cell permeability, especially in efflux pump activity, which could be related to the differences observed in susceptibility to antibiotics. At 1 h of biofilm formation in microtiter plates, dispersed cells treated with therapeutic concentration of ciprofloxacin yielded a lower biofilm index than the control dispersed cells without ciprofloxacin. With respect to the planktonic cells, the biofilm index was similar with and without the ciprofloxacin treatment. In both cases there were a reduction of the number of bacteria measured as viable count of the supernatant. The lower biofilm formation in dispersed cells with ciprofloxacin treatment may be due to a significant increase of biofilm disruption with respect to the biofilm from planktonic cells. From a clinical point of view, biofilms formed on medical devices such as catheters, cells that can be related to an infection were the dispersed cells. Our results showed that early treatment with ciprofloxacin of dispersed cells could diminishe bacterial dispersion and facilitate the partial elimination of the new biofilm formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Berlanga
- Department of Biology, Environment and Health, Section Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Laura Gomez-Perez
- Department of Biology, Environment and Health, Section Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Ricardo Guerrero
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Antimicrobials, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL, Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona Knowledge Hub, Academia Europaea, Barcelona, Spain
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Di Lodovico S, Cataldi V, Di Campli E, Ancarani E, Cellini L, Di Giulio M. Enterococcus hirae biofilm formation on hospital material surfaces and effect of new biocides. Environ Health Prev Med 2017; 22:63. [PMID: 29165147 PMCID: PMC5664585 DOI: 10.1186/s12199-017-0670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, the bacterial contamination in the hospital environment is of particular concern because the hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality. This work evaluated the capability of Enterococcus hirae to form biofilm on different surfaces and the action of two biocides on the produced biofilms. Methods The biofilm formation of E. hirae ATCC 10541 was studied on polystyrene and stainless steel surfaces through the biomass quantification and the cell viability at 20 and 37 °C. The effect of LH IDROXI FAST and LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY biocides on biomasses was expressed as percentage of biofilm reduction. E. hirae at 20 and 37 °C produced more biofilm on the stainless steel in respect to the polystyrene surface. The amount of viable cells was greater at 20 °C than with 37 °C on the two analyzed surfaces. Biocides revealed a good anti-biofilm activity with the most effect for LH ENZYCLEAN SPRAY on polystyrene and stainless steel at 37 °C with a maximum biofilm reduction of 85.72 and 86.37%, respectively. Results E. hirae is a moderate biofilm producer depending on surface material and temperature, and the analyzed biocides express a remarkable antibiofilm action. Conclusion The capability of E. hirae to form biofilm can be associated with its increasing incidence in hospital-acquired infections, and the adoption of suitable disinfectants is strongly recommended. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12199-017-0670-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Di Lodovico
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Valentina Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Emanuela Di Campli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Ancarani
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigina Cellini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mara Di Giulio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
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Silva LN, Da Hora GCA, Soares TA, Bojer MS, Ingmer H, Macedo AJ, Trentin DS. Myricetin protects Galleria mellonella against Staphylococcus aureus infection and inhibits multiple virulence factors. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2823. [PMID: 28588273 PMCID: PMC5460262 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02712-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is an opportunistic pathogen related to a variety of life-threatening infections but for which antimicrobial resistance is liming the treatment options. We report here that myricetin, but not its glycosylated form, can remarkably decrease the production of several S. aureus virulence factors, including adhesion, biofilm formation, hemolysis and staphyloxanthin production, without interfering with growth. Myricetin affects both surface proteins and secreted proteins which indicate that its action is unrelated to inhibition of the agr quorum sensing system. Analysis of virulence related gene expression and computational simulations of pivotal proteins involved in pathogenesis demonstrate that myricetin downregulates the saeR global regulator and interacts with sortase A and α-hemolysin. Furthermore, Myr confers a significant degree of protection against staphylococcal infection in the Galleria mellonella model. The present findings reveal the potential of Myr as an alternative multi-target antivirulence candidate to control S. aureus pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Silva
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil
| | - G C A Da Hora
- Departmento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - T A Soares
- Departmento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife-PE, 50670-901, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, 90187, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M S Bojer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1870, Denmark
| | - H Ingmer
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1870, Denmark
| | - A J Macedo
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil.
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil.
| | - D S Trentin
- Centro de Biotecnologia do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 91501-970, Brazil
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre-RS, 90610-000, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre-RS, 90050-170, Brazil
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Gomes L, Mergulhão F. Heterologous protein production in Escherichia coli biofilms: A non-conventional form of high cell density cultivation. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Au-Duong AN, Lee CK. Iodine-loaded metal organic framework as growth-triggered antimicrobial agent. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:477-482. [PMID: 28482553 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) is one of easily available metal organic frameworks because of its facile preparation via mixing aqueous solutions of zinc nitrate and 2-methylimidazole. It turned into a very effective pH-responsive bactericide after loading with iodine. Approximately, 0.9g of iodine could be readily loaded into one gram of ZIF-8 from iodine dissolved n-heptane solution. Both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus could be very effectively killed by iodine loaded ZIF-8 (ZIF-8@I) at pH6.0 within 3min. In contrast, at pH above 7.0, no appreciable antimicrobial activity could be detected. The bacteria killing effect is resulted from the iodine released from ZIF-8@I disintegrated at acidic pH. ZIF-8@I coated surface also showed its acidic pH-triggered antimicrobial activity against deposited bacterial cells. The antimicrobial activity of ZIF-8@I against actively grown bacterial lawns on a pH neutral agar plate was also observed. The result demonstrates that iodine was released from the disintegrated ZIF-8@I to kill bacteria in response to the bacterial growth-induced pH lowering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Nhan Au-Duong
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Kang Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, 43 Keelung Rd. Sec. 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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Gomes LC, Mergulhão FJ. Effects of antibiotic concentration and nutrient medium composition on Escherichia coli biofilm formation and green fluorescent protein expression. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2017; 364:3003324. [DOI: 10.1093/femsle/fnx042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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