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Nihal S, Sarfo D, Zhang X, Tesfamichael T, Karunathilaka N, Punyadeera C, Izake EL. Paper electrochemical immunosensor for the rapid screening of Galectin-3 patients with heart failure. Talanta 2024; 274:126012. [PMID: 38554482 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
A paper electrochemical immunosensor for the combined binding and quantification of the heart failure (HF) biomarker Galectin-3 has been developed. The simple design of the new sensor is comprised of paper material that is decorated with gold nanostructures, to maximize its electroactive surface area, and functionalized with target-specific recognition molecules to selectively bind the protein from aqueous solutions. The binding of the protein caused the blockage of the electron flow to the sensor electroactive surface, thus causing its oxidation potential to shift and the corresponding current to reduce quantitatively with the increase in the protein concentration within the working range of 0.5ng/mL-8ng/mL (LOQ-0.5 ng/mL). This novel sensor was able to quantify Galectin-3 concentration in saliva samples from HF patients and healthy controls within 20 min with good reproducibility (RSD = 3.64%), without the need for complex sample processing steps. The electrochemical measurements of the patient samples were cross validated by ELISA where the percent agreement between the two methods was found to be 92.7% (RSD = 7.20%). Therefore, the new paper immunosensor sensor has a strong potential for rapid and cost-effective screening of the Galectin 3 biomarker at points of care, thus supporting the timely diagnosis of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Nihal
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Daniel Sarfo
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Nuclear and Analytical Chemistry Research Center (NACRC), Ghana Atomic Energy Commission, Ghana
| | - Xi Zhang
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tuquabo Tesfamichael
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; School of Mechanical, Medical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Nuwan Karunathilaka
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery (GRIDD), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia; Menzies Health Institute Queensland (MIHQ), Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emad L Izake
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technology, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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Comparison of Physical Adsorption and Covalent Coupling Methods for Surface Density-Dependent Orientation of Antibody on Silicon. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123672. [PMID: 35744796 PMCID: PMC9228713 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The orientation of antibodies, employed as capture molecules on biosensors, determines biorecognition efficiency and bioassay performance. In a previous publication we demonstrated for antibodies attached covalently to silicon that an increase in their surface amount Γ, evaluated with ellipsometry, induces changes in their orientation, which is traced directly using Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy combined with Principal Component Analysis. Here, we extend the above studies to antibodies adsorbed physically on a 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) monolayer. Antibodies physisorbed on APTES (0 ≤ Γ ≤ 3.5 mg/m2) reveal the Γ ranges for flat-on, side-on, and vertical orientation consistent with random molecular packing. The relation between orientation and Γ is juxtaposed for silicon functionalized with APTES, APTES modified with glutaraldehyde (APTES/GA) and N-hydroxysuccinimide-silane (NHS-silane). Antibody reorientation occurs at lower Γ values when physisorption (APTES) is involved rather than chemisorption (APTES/GA, NHS-silane). At high Γ values, comparable proportions of molecules adapting head-on and tail-on vertical alignment are concluded for APTES and the NHS-silane monolayer, and they are related to intermolecular dipole–dipole interactions. Intermolecular forces seem to be less decisive than covalent binding for antibodies on the APTES/GA surface, with dominant head-on orientation. Independently, the impact of glutaraldehyde activation of APTES on vertical orientation is confirmed by separate TOF-SIMS measurements.
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Gholami MD, O'Mullane AP, Sonar P, Ayoko GA, Izake EL. Antibody coated conductive polymer for the electrochemical immunosensing of Human Cardiac Troponin I in blood plasma. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1185:339082. [PMID: 34711328 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a sensitive biomarker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Rapid determination of cTnI concentration in blood can greatly reduce the potential of significant heart damage and heart failure. Herein, we demonstrate a new electrochemical immunosensor for selective affinity binding and rapid detection of cTnI in blood plasma by an electrochemical method. A conductive film of "poly 2,5-bis(2-thienyl)3,4-diamine-terthiophene (PDATT)" was deposited onto an Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) electrode using chronoamperometry. Anti-cardiac troponin I antibody was then attached to the two amine (NH2) groups substituted on the central thiophene of terthiophene repeating unit of the polymer chain via amide bond formation. The gaps on the surface of the antibody coated immunosensor were backfilled with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to prevent nonspecific binding of interfering molecules. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) was used to determine cTnI upon the formation of cTnI immunocomplex on the sensing surface, appearing a peak at 0.27 V. The response range was 0.01-100 ng mL-1 with limit of quantification down to 0.01 ng mL-1. The developed immunosensor was used to determine cTnI in spiked blood plasma without interference from cardiac troponin T (cTnT). Therefore, this new sensor can be utilised for the detection of cTnI biomarker in pathological laboratories and points of care in less than 15 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnaz D Gholami
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Anthony P O'Mullane
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
| | - Prashant Sonar
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Godwin A Ayoko
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia
| | - Emad L Izake
- School of Chemistry and Physics, Faculty of Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia; Centre for Materials Science, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), 2 George Street, Brisbane, QLD, 4000, Australia.
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Jesmer AH, Wylie RG. Controlling Experimental Parameters to Improve Characterization of Biomaterial Fouling. Front Chem 2020; 8:604236. [PMID: 33363113 PMCID: PMC7759637 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.604236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled protein adsorption and cell binding to biomaterial surfaces may lead to degradation, implant failure, infection, and deleterious inflammatory and immune responses. The accurate characterization of biofouling is therefore crucial for the optimization of biomaterials and devices that interface with complex biological environments composed of macromolecules, fluids, and cells. Currently, a diverse array of experimental conditions and characterization techniques are utilized, making it difficult to compare reported fouling values between similar or different biomaterials. This review aims to help scientists and engineers appreciate current limitations and conduct fouling experiments to facilitate the comparison of reported values and expedite the development of low-fouling materials. Recent advancements in the understanding of protein-interface interactions and fouling variability due to experiment conditions will be highlighted to discuss protein adsorption and cell adhesion and activation on biomaterial surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ryan G. Wylie
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Hou W, Liu Y, Wu S, Zhang H, Guo B, Zhang B, Qin XJ, Li H. Preadsorption of Serum Proteins Regulates Bacterial Infections and Subsequent Macrophage Phagocytosis on Biomaterial Surfaces. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:5957-5964. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.9b00890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjia Hou
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
- Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Songze Wu
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Haitao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Bing Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Botao Zhang
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Xing-jun Qin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hua Li
- Key laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, China
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