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Hussein KH, Ahmadzada B, Correa JC, Sultan A, Wilken S, Amiot B, Nyberg SL. Liver tissue engineering using decellularized scaffolds: Current progress, challenges, and opportunities. Bioact Mater 2024; 40:280-305. [PMID: 38973992 PMCID: PMC11226731 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Liver transplantation represents the only definitive treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, the shortage of liver donors provokes a dramatic gap between available grafts and patients on the waiting list. Whole liver bioengineering, an emerging field of tissue engineering, holds great potential to overcome this gap. This approach involves two main steps; the first is liver decellularization and the second is recellularization. Liver decellularization aims to remove cellular and nuclear materials from the organ, leaving behind extracellular matrices containing different structural proteins and growth factors while retaining both the vascular and biliary networks. Recellularization involves repopulating the decellularized liver with appropriate cells, theoretically from the recipient patient, to reconstruct the parenchyma, vascular tree, and biliary network. The aim of this review is to identify the major advances in decellularization and recellularization strategies and investigate obstacles for the clinical application of bioengineered liver, including immunogenicity of the designed liver extracellular matrices, the need for standardization of scaffold fabrication techniques, selection of suitable cell sources for parenchymal repopulation, vascular, and biliary tree reconstruction. In vivo transplantation models are also summarized for evaluating the functionality of bioengineered livers. Finally, the regulatory measures and future directions for confirming the safety and efficacy of bioengineered liver are also discussed. Addressing these challenges in whole liver bioengineering may offer new solutions to meet the demand for liver transplantation and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal H. Hussein
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Radiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Boyukkhanim Ahmadzada
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Julio Cisneros Correa
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Ahmer Sultan
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Silvana Wilken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Bruce Amiot
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Scott L. Nyberg
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- William J. von Liebig Center for Transplantation and Clinical Regeneration, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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Subasi Can S, Tuncer S, Akel Bilgic H, İmrak G, Günal G, Damadoglu E, Aydin HM, Karaaslan C. Establishment of 3D cell culture systems with decellularized lung-derived extracellular matrix hydrogel scaffold. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE. POLYMER EDITION 2024:1-23. [PMID: 39190661 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2024.2392356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Decellularized tissue hydrogels, especially that mimic the native tissue, have a high potential for tissue engineering, three-dimensional (3D) cell culture, bioprinting, and therapeutic agent encapsulation due to their excellent biocompatibility and ability to facilitate the growth of cells. It is important to note that the decellularization process significantly affects the structural integrity and properties of the extracellular matrix, which in turn shapes the characteristics of the resulting hydrogels at the macromolecular level. Therefore, our study aims to identify an effective chemical decellularization method for sheep lung tissue, using a mixing/agitation technique with a range of detergents, including commonly [Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Triton X-100, and 3-((3-cholamidopropyl) dimethylammonio)-1-propanesulfonate] (CHAPS), and rarely used (sodium cholate hydrate, NP-40, and 3-[N,N-Dimethyl(3-myristoylaminopropyl)ammonio]propanesulfonate) (ASB-14). After the effectiveness of the used detergents on decellularization was determined by histological and biochemical methods, lung derived decellularized extracellular matrix was converted into hydrogel. We investigated the interactions between lung cells and decellularized extracellular matrix using proliferation assay, scanning electron microscopy, and immunofluorescence microscopy methods on BEAS-2B cells in air-liquid interface. Notably, this study emphasizes the effectiveness of ASB-14 in the decellularization process, showcasing its crucial role in removing cellular components while preserving vital extracellular matrix biological macromolecules, including glycosaminoglycans, collagen, and elastin. The resulting hydrogels demonstrated favorable mechanical properties and are compatible with both cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Secil Subasi Can
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Sema Tuncer
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Hayriye Akel Bilgic
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gizem İmrak
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Gülçin Günal
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Türkiye
| | - Ebru Damadoglu
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Chest Diseases, Hacettepe University School of Medicine, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Halil Murat Aydin
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Cagatay Karaaslan
- Bioengineering Division, Institute of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
- Molecular Biology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Türkiye
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3
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Milton LA, Davern JW, Hipwood L, Chaves JDS, McGovern J, Broszczak D, Hutmacher DW, Meinert C, Toh YC. Liver click dECM hydrogels for engineering hepatic microenvironments. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00351-9. [PMID: 38960110 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) hydrogels provide tissue-specific microenvironments which accommodate physiological cellular phenotypes in 3D in vitro cell cultures. However, their formation hinges on collagen fibrillogenesis, a complex process which limits regulation of physicochemical properties. Hence, achieving reproducible results with dECM hydrogels poses as a challenge. Here, we demonstrate that thiolation of solubilized liver dECM enables rapid formation of covalently crosslinked hydrogels via Michael-type addition, allowing for precise control over mechanical properties and superior organotypic biological activity. Investigation of various decellularization methodologies revealed that treatment of liver tissue with Triton X-100 and ammonium hydroxide resulted in near complete DNA removal with significant retention of the native liver proteome. Chemical functionalization of pepsin-solubilized liver dECMs via 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylamino)propyl carbodiimide (EDC)/N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) coupling of l-Cysteine created thiolated liver dECM (dECM-SH), which rapidly reacted with 4-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG)-maleimide to form optically clear hydrogels under controlled conditions. Importantly, Young's moduli could be precisely tuned between 1 - 7 kPa by varying polymer concentrations, enabling close replication of healthy and fibrotic liver conditions in in vitro cell cultures. Click dECM-SH hydrogels were cytocompatible, supported growth of HepG2 and HepaRG liver cells, and promoted liver-specific functional phenotypes as evidenced by increased metabolic activity, as well CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity and excretory function when compared to monolayer culture and collagen-based hydrogels. Our findings demonstrate that click-functionalized dECM hydrogels offer a highly controlled, reproducible alternative to conventional tissue-derived hydrogels for in vitro cell culture applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Traditional dECM hydrogels face challenges in reproducibility and mechanical property control due to variable crosslinking processes. We introduce a click hydrogel based on porcine liver decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) that circumnavigates these challenges. After optimizing liver decellularization for ECM retention, we integrated thiol-functionalized liver dECM with polyethylene-glycol derivatives through Michael-type addition click chemistry, enabling rapid, room-temperature gelation. This offers enhanced control over the hydrogel's mechanical and biochemical properties. The resultant click dECM hydrogels mimic the liver's natural ECM and exhibit greater mechanical tunability and handling ease, facilitating their application in high-throughput and industrial settings. Moreover, these hydrogels significantly improve the function of HepaRG-derived hepatocytes in 3D culture, presenting an advancement for liver tissue cell culture models for drug testing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Milton
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Gelomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jordan W Davern
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Gelomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Luke Hipwood
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Gelomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia; Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Juliana D S Chaves
- Cell & Molecular Biology Department, Mental Health Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jacqui McGovern
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel Broszczak
- Faculty of Health, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Dietmar W Hutmacher
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Australian Research Council (ARC) Training Centre for Multiscale 3D Imaging, Modelling and Manufacturing (M3D Innovation), Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christoph Meinert
- Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Gelomics Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Yi-Chin Toh
- Faculty of Engineering, School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Biomedical Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Max Planck Queensland Centre (MPQC) for the Materials Science of Extracellular Matrices, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Microbiome Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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4
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Kim W, Kim G. Engineered 3D liver-tissue model with minispheroids formed by a bioprinting process supported with in situ electrical stimulation. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:382-400. [PMID: 38379698 PMCID: PMC10876469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, an effective technique for building cell-laden structures providing native extracellular matrix environments, presents challenges, including inadequate cellular interactions. To address these issues, cell spheroids offer a promising solution for improving their biological functions. Particularly, minispheroids with 50-100 μm diameters exhibit enhanced cellular maturation. We propose a one-step minispheroid-forming bioprinting process incorporating electrical stimulation (E-MS-printing). By stimulating the cells, minispheroids with controlled diameters were generated by manipulating the bioink viscosity and stimulation intensity. To validate its feasibility, E-MS-printing process was applied to fabricate an engineered liver model designed to mimic the hepatic lobule unit. E-MS-printing was employed to print the hepatocyte region, followed by bioprinting the central vein using a core-shell nozzle. The resulting constructs displayed native liver-mimetic structures containing minispheroids, which facilitated improved hepatic cell maturation, functional attributes, and vessel formation. Our results demonstrate a new potential 3D liver model that can replicate native liver tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- WonJin Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - GeunHyung Kim
- Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine (SKKU-SOM), Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Quantum Biophysics, Department of Biophysics, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
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5
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Long AM, Kwon JM, Lee G, Reiser NL, Vaught LA, O'Brien JG, Page PGT, Hadhazy M, Reynolds JC, Crosbie RH, Demonbreun AR, McNally EM. The extracellular matrix differentially directs myoblast motility and differentiation in distinct forms of muscular dystrophy: Dystrophic matrices alter myoblast motility. Matrix Biol 2024; 129:44-58. [PMID: 38582404 PMCID: PMC11104166 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2024.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) pathologic remodeling underlies many disorders, including muscular dystrophy. Tissue decellularization removes cellular components while leaving behind ECM components. We generated "on-slide" decellularized tissue slices from genetically distinct dystrophic mouse models. The ECM of dystrophin- and sarcoglycan-deficient muscles had marked thrombospondin 4 deposition, while dysferlin-deficient muscle had excess decorin. Annexins A2 and A6 were present on all dystrophic decellularized ECMs, but annexin matrix deposition was excessive in dysferlin-deficient muscular dystrophy. Muscle-directed viral expression of annexin A6 resulted in annexin A6 in the ECM. C2C12 myoblasts seeded onto decellularized matrices displayed differential myoblast mobility and fusion. Dystrophin-deficient decellularized matrices inhibited myoblast mobility, while dysferlin-deficient decellularized matrices enhanced myoblast movement and differentiation. Myoblasts treated with recombinant annexin A6 increased mobility and fusion like that seen on dysferlin-deficient decellularized matrix and demonstrated upregulation of ECM and muscle cell differentiation genes. These findings demonstrate specific fibrotic signatures elicit effects on myoblast activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashlee M Long
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Jason M Kwon
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - GaHyun Lee
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Nina L Reiser
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lauren A Vaught
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph G O'Brien
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Patrick G T Page
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michele Hadhazy
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Joseph C Reynolds
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rachelle H Crosbie
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA; Department of Neurology David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexis R Demonbreun
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
| | - Elizabeth M McNally
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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6
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Mukherjee AG, Wanjari UR, Gopalakrishnan AV, Bradu P, Biswas A, Ganesan R, Renu K, Dey A, Vellingiri B, El Allali A, Alsamman AM, Zayed H, George Priya Doss C. Evolving strategies and application of proteins and peptide therapeutics in cancer treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114832. [PMID: 37150032 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides have therapeutic potential and can be used for cancer therapy. By binding to cell surface receptors and other indicators uniquely linked with or overexpressed on tumors compared to healthy tissue, protein biologics enhance the active targeting of cancer cells, as opposed to the passive targeting of cells by conventional small-molecule chemotherapeutics. This study focuses on peptide medications that exist to slow or stop tumor growth and the spread of cancer, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of peptides in cancer treatment. As an alternative to standard chemotherapy, peptides that selectively kill cancer cells while sparing healthy tissue are developing. A mountain of clinical evidence supports the efficacy of peptide-based cancer vaccines. Since a single treatment technique may not be sufficient to produce favourable results in the fight against cancer, combination therapy is emerging as an effective option to generate synergistic benefits. One example of this new area is the use of anticancer peptides in combination with nonpeptidic cytotoxic drugs or the combination of immunotherapy with conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy. This review focuses on the different natural and synthetic peptides obtained and researched. Discoveries, manufacture, and modifications of peptide drugs, as well as their contemporary applications, are summarized in this review. We also discuss the benefits and difficulties of potential advances in therapeutic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban Goutam Mukherjee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Uddesh Ramesh Wanjari
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India.
| | - Pragya Bradu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Antara Biswas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, India
| | - Raja Ganesan
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Diseases, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, South Korea
| | - Kaviyarasi Renu
- Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Department of Biochemistry, Saveetha Dental College & Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600077 Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal 700073, India
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Stem cell and Regenerative Medicine/Translational Research, Department of Zoology, School of Basic Sciences, Central University of Punjab (CUPB), Bathinda 151401, Punjab, India
| | - Achraf El Allali
- African Genome Center, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben Guerir, Morocco.
| | - Alsamman M Alsamman
- Department of Genome Mapping, Molecular Genetics, and Genome Mapping Laboratory, Agricultural Genetic Engineering Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - C George Priya Doss
- Department of Integrative Biology, School of BioSciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
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Gao Y, Xiao J, Chen Z, Ma Y, Liu X, Yang D, Leo HL, Yu H, Kong J, Guo Q. Engineering orthotopic tumor spheroids with organ-specific vasculatures for local chemoembolization evaluation. Biomater Sci 2023; 11:2115-2128. [PMID: 36723179 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm01632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Developing a three-dimensional (3D) in vitro tumor model with vasculature systems suitable for testing endovascular interventional therapies remains a challenge. Here we develop an orthotopic liver tumor spheroid model that captures the organ-level complexity of vasculature systems and the extracellular matrix to evaluate transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) treatment. The orthotopic tumor spheroids are derived by seeding HepG2 cell colonies with controlled size and location surrounding the portal triads in a decellularized rat liver matrix and are treated by clinically relevant drug-eluting beads embolized in a portal vein vasculature while maintaining dynamic physiological conditions with nutrient and oxygen supplies through the hepatic vein vasculature. The orthotopic tumor model exhibits strong drug retention inside the spheroids and embolization location-dependent cellular apoptosis responses in an analogous manner to in vivo conditions. Such a tumor spheroid model built in a decellularized scaffold containing organ-specific vasculatures, which closely resembles the unique tumor microenvironment, holds the promise to efficiently assess various diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for endovascular therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Jingyu Xiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Zijian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Yutao Ma
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Xiaoya Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Dishuang Yang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
| | - Hwa Liang Leo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117583, Singapore
| | - Hanry Yu
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117593, Singapore.,Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore.,Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore 138669, Singapore.,Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Jian Kong
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital, Southern University of Science and Technology), Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China.
| | - Qiongyu Guo
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Smart Healthcare Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Biomaterials, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China.
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8
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Bate TSR, Shanahan W, Casillo JP, Grant R, Forbes SJ, Callanan A. Rat liver ECM incorporated into electrospun polycaprolactone scaffolds as a platform for hepatocyte culture. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2022; 110:2612-2623. [PMID: 35734943 PMCID: PMC9796056 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.35115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Liver disease is expanding across the globe; however, health-care systems still lack approved pharmaceutical treatment strategies to mitigate potential liver failures. Organ transplantation is the only treatment for liver failure and with increasing cases of liver disease, transplant programs increasingly cannot provide timely transplant availability for all patients. The development of pharmaceutical mitigation strategies is clearly necessary and methods to improve drug development processes are considered vital for this purpose. Herein, we present a methodology for incorporating whole organ decellularised rat liver ECM (rLECM) into polycaprolactone (PCL) electrospun scaffolds with the aim of producing biologically relevant liver tissue models. rLECM PCL scaffolds have been produced with 5 w/w% and 10 w/w% rLECM:PCL and were analyzed by SEM imaging, tensile mechanical analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, was cultured upon the scaffolds for 14 days and were analyzed through cell viability assay, DNA quantification, albumin quantification, immunohistochemistry, and RT-qPCR gene expression analysis. Results showed significant increases in proliferative activity of HepG2 on rLECM containing scaffolds alongside maintained key gene expression. This study confirms that rLECM can be utilized to modulate the bioactivity of electrospun PCL scaffolds and has the potential to produce electrospun scaffolds suitable for enhanced hepatocyte cultures and in-vitro liver tissue models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas S. R. Bate
- School of EngineeringInstitute for Bioengineering, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - William Shanahan
- School of EngineeringInstitute for Bioengineering, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Joseph P. Casillo
- School of GeoSciencesUniversity of Edinburgh, Grant InstituteEdinburghUK
| | - Rhiannon Grant
- MERLN InstituteMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtThe Netherlands
| | - Stuart J. Forbes
- Centre for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of EdinburghEdinburghUK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- School of EngineeringInstitute for Bioengineering, University of EdinburghEdinburghUK
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9
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Wang SX, Yan JS, Chan YS. Advancements in MAFLD Modeling with Human Cell and Organoid Models. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:11850. [PMID: 36233151 PMCID: PMC9569457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic (dysfunction) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is one of the most prevalent liver diseases and has no approved therapeutics. The high failure rates witnessed in late-phase MAFLD drug trials reflect the complexity of the disease, and how the disease develops and progresses remains to be fully understood. In vitro, human disease models play a pivotal role in mechanistic studies to unravel novel disease drivers and in drug testing studies to evaluate human-specific responses. This review focuses on MAFLD disease modeling using human cell and organoid models. The spectrum of patient-derived primary cells and immortalized cell lines employed to model various liver parenchymal and non-parenchymal cell types essential for MAFLD development and progression is discussed. Diverse forms of cell culture platforms utilized to recapitulate tissue-level pathophysiology in different stages of the disease are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Xiang Wang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
| | - Ji-Song Yan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yun-Shen Chan
- Guangzhou Laboratory, No. 9 Xing Dao Huan Bei Road, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou 510005, China
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10
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Ergun C, Parmaksiz M, Vurat MT, Elçin AE, Elçin YM. Decellularized liver ECM-based 3D scaffolds: Compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological evaluations. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 200:110-123. [PMID: 34971643 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is involved in many critical cellular interactions through its biological macromolecules. In this study, a macroporous 3D scaffold originating from decellularized bovine liver ECM (dL-ECM), with defined compositional, physical, chemical, rheological, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties was developed. First, protocols were determined that effectively remove cells and DNA while ECM retains biological macromolecules collagen, elastin, sGAGs in tissue. Rheological analysis revealed the elastic properties of pepsin-digested dL-ECM. Then, dL-ECM hydrogel was neutralized, molded, formed into macroporous (~100-200 μm) scaffolds in aqueous medium at 37 °C, and lyophilized. The scaffolds had water retention ability, and were mechanically stable for at least 14 days in the culture medium. The findings also showed that increasing the dL-ECM concentration from 10 mg/mL to 20 mg/mL resulted in a significant increase in the mechanical strength of the scaffolds. The hemolysis test revealed high in vitro hemocompatibility of the dL-ECM scaffolds. Studies investigating the viability and proliferation status of human adipose stem cells seeded over a 2-week culture period have demonstrated the suitability of dL-ECM scaffolds as a cell substrate. Prospective studies may reveal the extent to which 3D dL-ECM sponges have the potential to create a biomimetic environment for cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Ergun
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Parmaksiz
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Murat Taner Vurat
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eser Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yaşar Murat Elçin
- Tissue Engineering, Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, Ankara University Faculty of Science, and Stem Cell Institute, Ankara, Turkey; Biovalda Health Technologies, Inc., Ankara, Turkey.
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11
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Asadian S, Piryaei A, Gheibi N, Aziz Kalantari B, Reza Davarpanah M, Azad M, Kapustina V, Alikhani M, Moghbeli Nejad S, Keshavarz Alikhani H, Mohamadi M, Shpichka A, Timashev P, Hassan M, Vosough M. Rhenium Perrhenate ( 188ReO 4) Induced Apoptosis and Reduced Cancerous Phenotype in Liver Cancer Cells. Cells 2022; 11:305. [PMID: 35053421 PMCID: PMC8774126 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Recurrence in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after conventional treatments is a crucial challenge. Despite the promising progress in advanced targeted therapies, HCC is the fourth leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Radionuclide therapy can potentially be a practical targeted approach to address this concern. Rhenium-188 (188Re) is a β-emitting radionuclide used in the clinic to induce apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation. Although adherent cell cultures are efficient and reliable, appropriate cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) contact is still lacking. Thus, we herein aimed to assess 188Re as a potential therapeutic component for HCC in 2D and 3D models. The death rate in treated Huh7 and HepG2 lines was significantly higher than in untreated control groups using viability assay. After treatment with 188ReO4, Annexin/PI data indicated considerable apoptosis induction in HepG2 cells after 48 h but not Huh7 cells. Quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting data also showed increased apoptosis in response to 188ReO4 treatment. In Huh7 cells, exposure to an effective dose of 188ReO4 led to cell cycle arrest in the G2 phase. Moreover, colony formation assay confirmed post-exposure growth suppression in Huh7 and HepG2 cells. Then, the immunostaining displayed proliferation inhibition in the 188ReO4-treated cells on 3D scaffolds of liver ECM. The PI3-AKT signaling pathway was activated in 3D culture but not in 2D culture. In nude mice, Huh7 cells treated with an effective dose of 188ReO4 lost their tumor formation ability compared to the control group. These findings suggest that 188ReO4 can be a potential new therapeutic agent against HCC through induction of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest and inhibition of tumor formation. This approach can be effectively combined with antibodies and peptides for more selective and personalized therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samieh Asadian
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Abbas Piryaei
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran;
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 16123798, Iran
| | - Nematollah Gheibi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Bagher Aziz Kalantari
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj 16255879, Iran;
| | | | - Mehdi Azad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Valentina Kapustina
- Department of Internal Medicine N1, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Mehdi Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Sahar Moghbeli Nejad
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Prevention of Non-Communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin 34199153, Iran; (S.A.); (M.A.); (S.M.N.)
| | - Hani Keshavarz Alikhani
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
| | - Morteza Mohamadi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran 17456987, Iran;
| | - Anastasia Shpichka
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter Timashev
- World-Class Research Center “Digital Biodesign and Personalized Healthcare”, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Chemistry Department, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Moustapha Hassan
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran 16635148, Iran; (M.A.); (H.K.A.)
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden;
- Clinical Research Center, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141-83 Stockholm, Sweden
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12
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Rafaeva M, Horton ER, Jensen AR, Madsen CD, Reuten R, Willacy O, Brøchner CB, Jensen TH, Zornhagen KW, Crespo M, Grønseth DS, Nielsen SR, Idorn M, Straten PT, Rohrberg K, Spanggaard I, Højgaard M, Lassen U, Erler JT, Mayorca‐Guiliani AE. Modeling Metastatic Colonization in a Decellularized Organ Scaffold-Based Perfusion Bioreactor. Adv Healthc Mater 2022; 11:e2100684. [PMID: 34734500 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202100684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic cancer spread is responsible for most cancer-related deaths. To colonize a new organ, invading cells adapt to, and remodel, the local extracellular matrix (ECM), a network of proteins and proteoglycans underpinning all tissues, and a critical regulator of homeostasis and disease. However, there is a major lack in tools to study cancer cell behavior within native 3D ECM. Here, an in-house designed bioreactor, where mouse organ ECM scaffolds are perfused and populated with cells that are challenged to colonize it, is presented. Using a specialized bioreactor chamber, it is possible to monitor cell behavior microscopically (e.g., proliferation, migration) within the organ scaffold. Cancer cells in this system recapitulate cell signaling observed in vivo and remodel complex native ECM. Moreover, the bioreactors are compatible with co-culturing cell types of different genetic origin comprising the normal and tumor microenvironment. This degree of experimental flexibility in an organ-specific and 3D context, opens new possibilities to study cell-cell and cell-ECM interplay and to model diseases in a controllable organ-specific system ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Rafaeva
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Edward R. Horton
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Adina R.D. Jensen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Chris D. Madsen
- Division of Translational Cancer Research Department of Laboratory Medicine Lund University Lund 22242 Sweden
| | - Raphael Reuten
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Oliver Willacy
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Christian B. Brøchner
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Thomas H. Jensen
- Department of Pathology, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Kamilla Westarp Zornhagen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Marina Crespo
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Dina S. Grønseth
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Sebastian R. Nielsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Manja Idorn
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT) Department of Oncology University Hospital Herlev and Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Herlev Ringvej 75 Herlev 2730 Denmark
| | - Per thor Straten
- National Center for Cancer Immune Therapy (CCIT) Department of Oncology University Hospital Herlev and Department of Immunology and Microbiology University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Herlev Ringvej 75 Herlev 2730 Denmark
| | - Kristoffer Rohrberg
- Department of Oncology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Iben Spanggaard
- Department of Oncology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Martin Højgaard
- Department of Oncology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Ulrik Lassen
- Department of Oncology Centre for Cancer and Organ Diseases, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital Blegdamsvej 9 Copenhagen 2100 Denmark
| | - Janine T. Erler
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
| | - Alejandro E. Mayorca‐Guiliani
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC) University of Copenhagen (UCPH) Ole Maaloes Vej 5 Copenhagen 2200 Denmark
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13
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Bang S, Hwang KS, Jeong S, Cho IJ, Choi N, Kim J, Kim HN. Engineered neural circuits for modeling brain physiology and neuropathology. Acta Biomater 2021; 132:379-400. [PMID: 34157452 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The neural circuits of the central nervous system are the regulatory pathways for feeling, motion control, learning, and memory, and their dysfunction is closely related to various neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the growing demand for the unraveling of the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, their fundamental investigation is hampered because of the inability to access the components of neural circuits and the complex microenvironment. As an alternative approach, in vitro human neural circuits show principles of in vivo human neuronal circuit function. They allow access to the cellular compartment and permit real-time monitoring of neural circuits. In this review, we summarize recent advances in reconstituted in vitro neural circuits using engineering techniques. To this end, we provide an overview of the fabrication techniques and methods for stimulation and measurement of in vitro neural circuits. Subsequently, representative examples of in vitro neural circuits are reviewed with a particular focus on the recapitulation of structures and functions observed in vivo, and we summarize their application in the study of various brain diseases. We believe that the in vitro neural circuits can help neuroscience and the neuropharmacology. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Despite the growing demand to unravel the physiology and functional connectivity of the neural circuits, the studies on the in vivo neural circuits are frequently limited due to the poor accessibility. Furthermore, single neuron-based analysis has an inherent limitation in that it does not reflect the full spectrum of the neural circuit physiology. As an alternative approach, in vitro engineered neural circuit models have arisen because they can recapitulate the structural and functional characteristics of in vivo neural circuits. These in vitro neural circuits allow the mimicking of dysregulation of the neural circuits, including neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury. Emerging in vitro engineered neural circuits will provide a better understanding of the (patho-)physiology of neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seokyoung Bang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong Seob Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sohyeon Jeong
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Joo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea; Yonsei-KIST Convergence Research Institute, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Nakwon Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; KU-KIST Graduate School of Converging Science and Technology, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jongbaeg Kim
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Nam Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea; Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea.
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14
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Schulz C, Jung F, Küpper JH. Inhibition of phase-1 biotransformation and cytostatic effects of diphenyleneiodonium on hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 and a CYP3A4-overexpressing HepG2 cell clone. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2021; 79:231-243. [PMID: 34487034 PMCID: PMC8609703 DOI: 10.3233/ch-219117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cell-based in vitro liver models are an important tool in the development and evaluation of new drugs in pharmacological and toxicological drug assessment. Hepatic microsomal enzyme complexes, consisting of cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (CPR) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), play a decisive role in catalysing phase-1 biotransformation of pharmaceuticals and xenobiotics. For a comprehensive understanding of the phase-1 biotransformation of drugs, the availability of well-characterized substances for the targeted modulation of in vitro liver models is essential. In this study, we investigated diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for its ability to inhibit phase-1 enzyme activity and further its toxicological profile in an in vitro HepG2 cell model with and without recombinant expression of the most important drug metabolization enzyme CYP3A4. Aim of the study was to identify effective DPI concentrations for CPR/CYP activity modulation and potentially associated dose and time dependent hepatotoxic effects. The cells were treated with DPI doses up to 5,000nM (versus vehicle control) for a maximum of 48 h and subsequently examined for CYP3A4 activity as well as various toxicological relevant parameters such as cell morphology, integrity and viability, intracellular ATP level, and proliferation. Concluding, the experiments revealed a time- and concentration-dependent DPI mediated partial and complete inhibition of CYP3A4 activity in CYP3A4 overexpressing HepG2-cells (HepG2-CYP3A4). Other cell functions, including ATP synthesis and consequently the proliferation were negatively affected in both in vitro cell models. Since neither cell integrity nor cell viability were reduced, the effect of DPI in HepG2 can be assessed as cytostatic rather than cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schulz
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany, located at the Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Jung
- Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Senftenberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Heiner Küpper
- Fraunhofer Project Group PZ-Syn, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Branch Bioanalytics and Bioprocesses (IZI-BB), Potsdam, Germany, located at the Institute of Biotechnology, Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Germany
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15
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Actinomycin D Arrests Cell Cycle of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Lines and Induces p53-Dependent Cell Death: A Study of the Molecular Mechanism Involved in the Protective Effect of IRS-4. PHARMACEUTICALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 14:ph14090845. [PMID: 34577545 PMCID: PMC8472101 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Actinomycin D (ActD) is an FDA-approved NCI oncology drug that specifically targets and downregulates stem cell transcription factors, which leads to a depletion of stem cells within the tumor bulk. Recently, our research group demonstrated the importance of IRS-4 in the development of liver cancer. In this study, we evaluated the protective effects of IRS-4 against ActD. For this study, three hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines (HepG2, Huh7, and Chang cells) were used to study the mechanism of actinomycin D. Most assays were carried out in the Hep G2 cell line, due to the high expression of stem cell biomarkers. We found that ActD caused HepG2 cell necroptosis characterized by DNA fragmentation, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, cytochrome c depletion, and decreased the levels of reduced glutathione. However, we did not observe a clear increase in apoptosis markers such as annexin V presence, caspase 3 activation, or PARP fragmentation. ActD produced an activation of MAP kinases (ERK, p38, and JNK) and AKT. ActD-induced activation of AKT and MAP kinases produced an activation of the Rb-E2F cascade together with a blockage of cell cycle transitions, due to c-jun depletion. ActD led to the inhibition of pCdK1 and pH3 along with DNA fragmentation resulting in cell cycle arrest and the subsequent activation of p53-dependent cell death in the HepG2 cell line. Only JNK and AKT inhibitors were protective against the effects of ActD. N-Acetyl-L-cysteine also had a protective effect as it restored GSH levels. A likely mechanism for this is IRS-4 stimulating GCL-GSH and inhibiting the Brk-CHK1-p53 pathway. The assessment of the IRS-4 in cancer biopsies could be of interest to carry out a personalized treatment with ActD.
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16
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Lu S, Zhang J, Lin S, Zheng D, Shen Y, Qin J, Li Y, Wang S. Recent advances in the development of in vitro liver models for hepatotoxicity testing. Biodes Manuf 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42242-021-00142-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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17
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Lam DTUH, Dan YY, Chan YS, Ng HH. Emerging liver organoid platforms and technologies. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2021; 10:27. [PMID: 34341842 PMCID: PMC8329140 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-021-00089-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Building human organs in a dish has been a long term goal of researchers in pursue of physiologically relevant models of human disease and for replacement of worn out and diseased organs. The liver has been an organ of interest for its central role in regulating body homeostasis as well as drug metabolism. An accurate liver replica should contain the multiple cell types found in the organ and these cells should be spatially organized to resemble tissue structures. More importantly, the in vitro model should recapitulate cellular and tissue level functions. Progress in cell culture techniques and bioengineering approaches have greatly accelerated the development of advance 3-dimensional (3D) cellular models commonly referred to as liver organoids. These 3D models described range from single to multiple cell type containing cultures with diverse applications from establishing patient-specific liver cells to modeling of chronic liver diseases and regenerative therapy. Each organoid platform is advantageous for specific applications and presents its own limitations. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of major liver organoid platforms and technologies developed for diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Thuy Uyen Ha Lam
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
| | - Yock Young Dan
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore, 117597, Singapore
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medicine Cluster, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119074, Singapore
| | - Yun-Shen Chan
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Huck-Hui Ng
- Laboratory of precision disease therapeutics, Genome Institute of Singapore, 60 Biopolis Street, Singapore, 138672, Singapore.
- Department of Biochemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117559, Singapore.
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, 28 Medical Drive, Singapore, 117456, Singapore.
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117597, Singapore.
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18
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Yao T, Zhang Y, Lv M, Zang G, Ng SS, Chen X. Advances in 3D cell culture for liver preclinical studies. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2021; 53:643-651. [PMID: 33973620 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmab046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The 3D cell culture model is an indispensable tool in the study of liver biology in the field of health and disease and the development of clinically relevant products for liver therapies. The 3D culture model captures critical factors of the microenvironmental niche required by hepatocytes for exhibiting optimal phenotypes, thus enabling the pursuit of a range of preclinical studies that are not entirely feasible in conventional 2D cell models. In this review, we highlight the major attributes associated with and the components needed for the development of a functional 3D liver culture model for a range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mengjiao Lv
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Guoqing Zang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Soon Seng Ng
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Xiaohua Chen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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19
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Chen L, Ma H, Li K, Song X, Zeng X. Liver extracellular matrix hydrogel-based three-dimensional culture system of HepG2 cells to enhance cancer stem cell properties. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 126:112119. [PMID: 34082936 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Both extracellular matrix (ECM) components and three-dimensional (3D) structure play important roles in the expression and maintenance of cancer stem cell (CSC) properties. Considering the excellent biophysical and biochemical properties of hydrogels, the objective of this study was to develop a 3D cell culture system based on liver ECM hydrogel (LEMH) to enhance CSC properties. Results showed that LEMH was devoid of cellular materials but contained the main components of the liver ECM. HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells cultured in LEMH displayed cluster growth and formed multilayer 3D cell structures with increased expression of hepatocyte-specific genes compared to two-dimensional (2D) cells. In addition, enhanced CSC characteristics, including migration, self-renewal and drug-resistance, were observed in 3D cells. More importantly, inhibitory effects of epigallocatechin gallate on CSC self-renewal and metastatic characteristics were observed, confirming the applicability of the LEMH-based 3D model for the research and development of CSC-specific drugs. These findings suggest that LEMH-based 3D culture offers a simple and efficient platform to enhance CSC properties in vitro, thereby providing a novel approach for exploring CSC-specific agents and chemotherapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China.
| | - Huijing Ma
- Library, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Kaiming Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xinqiang Song
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China; College of Medicine, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Xiansi Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology of Henan Province, College of Life Sciences, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
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A Perfusion Bioreactor for Longitudinal Monitoring of Bioengineered Liver Constructs. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11020275. [PMID: 33494337 PMCID: PMC7912543 DOI: 10.3390/nano11020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the field of in vitro liver disease models, decellularised organ scaffolds maintain the original biomechanical and biological properties of the extracellular matrix and are established supports for in vitro cell culture. However, tissue engineering approaches based on whole organ decellularized scaffolds are hampered by the scarcity of appropriate bioreactors that provide controlled 3D culture conditions. Novel specific bioreactors are needed to support long-term culture of bioengineered constructs allowing non-invasive longitudinal monitoring. Here, we designed and validated a specific bioreactor for long-term 3D culture of whole liver constructs. Whole liver scaffolds were generated by perfusion decellularisation of rat livers. Scaffolds were seeded with Luc+HepG2 and primary human hepatocytes and cultured in static or dynamic conditions using the custom-made bioreactor. The bioreactor included a syringe pump, for continuous unidirectional flow, and a circuit built to allow non-invasive monitoring of culture parameters and media sampling. The bioreactor allowed non-invasive analysis of cell viability, distribution, and function of Luc+HepG2-bioengineered livers cultured for up to 11 days. Constructs cultured in dynamic conditions in the bioreactor showed significantly higher cell viability, measured with bioluminescence, distribution, and functionality (determined by albumin production and expression of CYP enzymes) in comparison to static culture conditions. Finally, our bioreactor supports primary human hepatocyte viability and function for up to 30 days, when seeded in the whole liver scaffolds. Overall, our novel bioreactor is capable of supporting cell survival and metabolism and is suitable for liver tissue engineering for the development of 3D liver disease models.
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21
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Zhang R, Jiang J, Yu Y, Wang F, Gao N, Zhou Y, Wan X, Wang Z, Wei P, Mei J. Analysis of structural components of decellularized scaffolds in renal fibrosis. Bioact Mater 2021; 6:2187-2197. [PMID: 33511316 PMCID: PMC7815494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2020.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease has been recognized as a major public health problem worldwide and renal fibrosis is a common pathological process occurring in chronic renal failure. It is very promising to find the strategies to slow or even prevent the progression of fibrosis. This study focused on whether renal fibrosis decellularized scaffolds has the potential to be a model of cellular mechanisms of tissue fibrosis or donors for tissue engineering. In order to evaluate the feasibility of decellularized scaffolds derived from pathological kidneys, histology, proteomics and ELISA will be used to analysis the changes in the structure and main components of fibrotic tissue. The fibrosis model in this paper was induced by adenine-fed and the results showed that the structure of fibrotic scaffold was changed and some protein were up-regulated or down-regulated, but the cytokines associated with renal regeneration after injury were remained. In cell experiments, endothelial progenitor cells proliferated well, which proved that the fibrotic scaffolds have non-cytotoxic. All these conclusions indicate that the renal fibrosis decellularized scaffolds model has the ability to study fibrosis mechanism and the potential to be engineering donors as well as normal scaffolds. A study model of the mechanism of renal fibrosis from natural sources. Adenine-induced renal fibrosis with a cytopathic scaffold preserves important cytokines. There was no significant difference in cytokine content with natural scaffolds. Heat maps of differentially expressed proteins from subcellular localization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Zhang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Junqun Jiang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yaling Yu
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, No.600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, China
| | - Fangfang Wang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Niuniu Gao
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Yingjie Zhou
- Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Xinlong Wan
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Peng Wei
- Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
| | - Jin Mei
- Institute of Bioscaffold Transplantation and Immunology, Wenzhou Medical University, North Center Road, Ouhai District, Wenzhou, 325035, China.,Institute of Biomaterials, Ningbo City First Hospital, No.59 Liuting Street, Haishu District, Ningbo, 315010, China
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22
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Matoug-Elwerfelli M, Nazzal H, Raif EM, Wilshaw SP, Esteves F, Duggal M. Ex-vivo recellularisation and stem cell differentiation of a decellularised rat dental pulp matrix. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21553. [PMID: 33299073 PMCID: PMC7725831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78477-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Implementing the principles of tissue engineering within the clinical management of non-vital immature permanent teeth is of clinical interest. However, the ideal scaffold remains elusive. The aim of this work was to assess the feasibility of decellularising rat dental pulp tissue and evaluate the ability of such scaffold to support stem cell repopulation. Rat dental pulps were retrieved and divided into control and decellularised groups. The decellularisation protocol incorporated a low detergent concentration and hypotonic buffers. After decellularisation, the scaffolds were characterised histologically, immunohistochemistry and the residual DNA content quantified. Surface topography was also viewed under scanning electron microscopy. Biocompatibility was evaluated using cytotoxicity assays utilising L-929 cell line. Decellularised scaffolds were recellularised with human dental pulp stem cells up to 14 days in vitro. Cellular viability was assessed using LIVE/DEAD stain kit and the recellularised scaffolds were further assessed histologically and immunolabelled using makers for odontoblastic differentiation, cytoskeleton components and growth factors. Analysis of the decellularised scaffolds revealed an acellular matrix with histological preservation of structural components. Decellularised scaffolds were biocompatible and able to support stem cell survival following recellularisation. Immunolabelling of the recellularised scaffolds demonstrated positive cellular expression against the tested markers in culture. This study has demonstrated the feasibility of developing a biocompatible decellularised dental pulp scaffold, which is able to support dental pulp stem cell repopulation. Clinically, decellularised pulp tissue could possibly be a suitable scaffold for use within regenerative (reparative) endodontic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Matoug-Elwerfelli
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Department of Clinical Dental Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Nazzal
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,Hamad Dental Centre, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - El Mostafa Raif
- Division of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Stacy-Paul Wilshaw
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of Bradford, Bradford, UK
| | - Filomena Esteves
- Leeds Institute of Cancer and Pathology, St James University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Monty Duggal
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,Discipline of Orthodontics and Paediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, National University Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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23
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Modelling Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Cancer: From Bench Side to Clinic. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113170. [PMID: 33126717 PMCID: PMC7693644 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours (pNETs) are a heterogeneous group of epithelial tumours with neuroendocrine differentiation. Although rare (incidence of <1 in 100,000), they are the second most common group of pancreatic neoplasms after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). pNET incidence is however on the rise and patient outcomes, although variable, have been linked with 5-year survival rates as low as 40%. Improvement of diagnostic and treatment modalities strongly relies on disease models that reconstruct the disease ex vivo. A key constraint in pNET research, however, is the absence of human pNET models that accurately capture the original tumour phenotype. In attempts to more closely mimic the disease in its native environment, three-dimensional culture models as well as in vivo models, such as genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), have been developed. Despite adding significant contributions to our understanding of more complex biological processes associated with the development and progression of pNETs, factors such as ethical considerations and low rates of clinical translatability limit their use. Furthermore, a role for the site-specific extracellular matrix (ECM) in disease development and progression has become clear. Advances in tissue engineering have enabled the use of tissue constructs that are designed to establish disease ex vivo within a close to native ECM that can recapitulate tumour-associated tissue remodelling. Yet, such advanced models for studying pNETs remain underdeveloped. This review summarises the most clinically relevant disease models of pNETs currently used, as well as future directions for improved modelling of the disease.
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24
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Frieboes HB, Raghavan S, Godin B. Modeling of Nanotherapy Response as a Function of the Tumor Microenvironment: Focus on Liver Metastasis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:1011. [PMID: 32974325 PMCID: PMC7466654 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.01011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents a challenging barrier for effective nanotherapy-mediated drug delivery to solid tumors. In particular for tumors less vascularized than the surrounding normal tissue, as in liver metastases, the structure of the organ itself conjures with cancer-specific behavior to impair drug transport and uptake by cancer cells. Cells and elements in the TME of hypovascularized tumors play a key role in the process of delivery and retention of anti-cancer therapeutics by nanocarriers. This brief review describes the drug transport challenges and how they are being addressed with advanced in vitro 3D tissue models as well as with in silico mathematical modeling. This modeling complements network-oriented techniques, which seek to interpret intra-cellular relevant pathways and signal transduction within cells and with their surrounding microenvironment. With a concerted effort integrating experimental observations with computational analyses spanning from the molecular- to the tissue-scale, the goal of effective nanotherapy customized to patient tumor-specific conditions may be finally realized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann B. Frieboes
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
- Center for Predictive Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Shreya Raghavan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Biana Godin
- Department of Nanomedicine, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston, TX, United States
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
- Developmental Therapeutics Program, Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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25
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Ferreira LP, Gaspar VM, Mano JF. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Bioengineering Physiomimetic 3D in Vitro Tumor Models. Trends Biotechnol 2020; 38:1397-1414. [PMID: 32416940 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in the extraction and purification of decellularized extracellular matrix (dECM) obtained from healthy or malignant tissues open new avenues for engineering physiomimetic 3D in vitro tumor models, which closely recapitulate key biomolecular hallmarks and the dynamic cancer cell-ECM interactions in the tumor microenvironment. We review current and upcoming methodologies for chemical modification of dECM-based biomaterials and advanced bioprocessing into organotypic 3D solid tumor models. A comprehensive review of disruptive advances and shortcomings of exploring dECM-based biomaterials for recapitulating the native tumor-supporting matrix is also provided. We hope to drive the discussion on how 3D dECM testing platforms can be leveraged for generating microphysiological tumor surrogates that generate more robust and predictive data on therapeutic bioperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís P Ferreira
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vítor M Gaspar
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - João F Mano
- Department of Chemistry, CICECO, Aveiro Institute of Materials, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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26
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Zhao C, Li Y, Peng G, Lei X, Zhang G, Gao Y. Decellularized liver matrix-modified chitosan fibrous scaffold as a substrate for C3A hepatocyte culture. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1041-1056. [PMID: 32162599 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2020.1738690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A bioreactor filled with functional hepatocytes is a crucial portion of the bio-artificial liver device. However, it is a difficult task to maintain sufficient cell quantity and active hepatocellular function. In this work, we developed a promising scaffold for hepatocyte culture by coating porcine liver extracellular matrix (ECM) on chitosan (CTS) fabrics. Porcine Liver was decellularized using 1% Triton X-100. Solubilized liver ECM was immobilized on CTS fibers surface through cross linking of ECM and CTS with 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS). Then the scaffold was characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy in attenuated total reflection mode (ATR-FTIR), X-photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and water contact angle measurement. The efficacy of modified scaffolds to maintain C3A hepatocytes adhesion, proliferation, bioactivity and functionality in vitro was detected. FTIR spectra and XPS demonstrated the presence of ECM coating on CTS fabric surface. Covalently attached coating significantly improved the binding efficiency between ECM and CTS fabrics, in comparison to the coating by physical absorption. Furthermore, C3A hepatocytes cultured on coated scaffolds showed enhanced cell bioactivity and liver-specific function, such as albumin secretion and urea synthesis, compared with those cultured on untreated scaffolds(p < 0.05). As a promising hepatocyte culture carrier, the ECM coated CTS fabrics could be applied in the biological artificial liver reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaochen Zhao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Gongze Peng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The Second Medical College, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongxin Lei
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Guifeng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Process Engineering, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery II, Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Artificial Organ and Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou Clinical Research and Transformation Center for Artificial Liver, Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.,State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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27
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Han W, Ding M, Liu S, Chen Y, Duan Z. Evaluation of 3D re-cellularized tissue engineering: a drug-induced hepatotoxicity model for hepatoprotectant research. Toxicol Mech Methods 2019; 29:654-664. [PMID: 31345115 DOI: 10.1080/15376516.2019.1646371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Application of hepatoprotectants, such as drugs or cytokines, can reduce drug-induced hepatotoxicity (DIH). Due to species-specific differences and abnormal cell polarity and drug-metabolizing enzymes (DMEs), in vivo animal models and in vitro 2D plastic dishes are not good DIH models. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether 3D re-cellularized liver is a sensitive, accurate and efficient DIH model for evaluation of hepatoprotectants. Methods: 2D plastic dishes and 3D decellular liver scaffolds were perfused with HepG2 cells or augmenter of liver regeneration (ALR)-HepG2 cells. These two cell lines were exposed to 4 μM troglitazone (TRO) or 20 μM diclofenac sodium (DIC) on day 8. DME-related genes were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction; morphological images were revealed by immunohistochemistry, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results: DME activity and cell polarity were retained and lower doses of TRO and DIC led to DIH in 3D re-cellularized liver. This DIH model reflected the protective effects and mechanism of ALR, which is one of the hepatoprotectants. ALR reduced mitochondrial damage, decreased transaminase level, and alleviated inflammation in TRO-DIH and DIC-DIH. Our re-cellularized liver lobe also showed the effect of ALR in suppressing expression of DMEs. Conclusions: Drug-induced 3D re-cellularized tissue engineering is a sensitive, accurate, and efficient DIH model for evaluation of hepatoprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Han
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Mei Ding
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Shuang Liu
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Yu Chen
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Capital Medical University , Beijing , China
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28
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Kryou C, Leva V, Chatzipetrou M, Zergioti I. Bioprinting for Liver Transplantation. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:E95. [PMID: 31658719 PMCID: PMC6956058 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioprinting techniques can be used for the in vitro fabrication of functional complex bio-structures. Thus, extensive research is being carried on the use of various techniques for the development of 3D cellular structures. This article focuses on direct writing techniques commonly used for the fabrication of cell structures. Three different types of bioprinting techniques are depicted: Laser-based bioprinting, ink-jet bioprinting and extrusion bioprinting. Further on, a special reference is made to the use of the bioprinting techniques for the fabrication of 2D and 3D liver model structures and liver on chip platforms. The field of liver tissue engineering has been rapidly developed, and a wide range of materials can be used for building novel functional liver structures. The focus on liver is due to its importance as one of the most critical organs on which to test new pharmaceuticals, as it is involved in many metabolic and detoxification processes, and the toxicity of the liver is often the cause of drug rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kryou
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | - Valentina Leva
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
| | | | - Ioanna Zergioti
- Department of Physics, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Zografou, Greece.
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29
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Han W, Duan Z. Different drug metabolism behavior between species in drug-induced hepatotoxicity: limitations and novel resolutions. TOXIN REV 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2019.1639060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Han
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongping Duan
- Difficult and Complicated Liver Diseases and Artificial Liver Center, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Treatment Research, Beijing, China
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30
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Hoshiba T. Decellularized Extracellular Matrix for Cancer Research. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1311. [PMID: 31013621 PMCID: PMC6515435 DOI: 10.3390/ma12081311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Genetic mutation and alterations of intracellular signaling have been focused on to understand the mechanisms of oncogenesis and cancer progression. Currently, it is pointed out to consider cancer as tissues. The extracellular microenvironment, including the extracellular matrix (ECM), is important for the regulation of cancer cell behavior. To comprehensively investigate ECM roles in the regulation of cancer cell behavior, decellularized ECM (dECM) is now used as an in vitro ECM model. In this review, I classify dECM with respect to its sources and summarize the preparation and characterization methods for dECM. Additionally, the examples of cancer research using the dECM were introduced. Finally, future perspectives of cancer studies with dECM are described in the conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Hoshiba
- Biotechnology Group, Tokyo Metropolitan Industrial Technology Research Institute, Koto-ku, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan.
- Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba 305-0044, Ibaraki, Japan.
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31
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Vishwakarma SK, Bardia A, Lakkireddy C, Raju N, Paspala SAB, Habeeb MA, Khan AA. Intraperitoneal transplantation of bioengineered humanized liver grafts supports failing liver in acute condition. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 98:861-873. [PMID: 30813092 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute liver failure (ALF) is one of the most devastating fatal conditions which have posed crucial challenges to the clinicians and researchers for identifying permanent cure. Currently liver transplantation has been considered as the only managerial option. However it's wider applicability has been limited owing to non-availability of quality donor organs, cost-intensiveness, surgical hitches, life-long use of immunosuppressive drugs and long-term complications. Since last decades, several liver support systems have been developed for the management of failing liver in acute condition. However, the major limitation has been the lack of natural biological support and long-term survival of the grafts post-transplantation. Repopulation of decellularized xenogeneic organs is one of the emerging technologies for development of humanized neo-organs for demanding regenerative application. However, the earlier reported studies do not fulfil the insistence to provide immunologically tolerable humanized liver grafts for clinical applications. Here we demonstrate an efficient approach to generate transplantable humanized liver grafts which provides long-term support to the failing liver in Acute Liver Failure (ALF) animal models. These bioengineered humanized liver tissue grafts expresses several liver specific transcripts and performed crucial synthetic (albumin production) and detoxification (urea synthesis) functions at comparative level to normal liver. Intraperitoneal transplantation of these humanized liver grafts offered favourable microenvironment to exchange toxic substances across the barrier during ALF condition and provided long-term survival and function of the graft. In summary, the results of present study provide a first proof of concept in pre-clinical ALF animal model for the applicability of these bioengineered humanized livers in the management of failing liver on demand and may be considered as potential bridge to liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Nagarapu Raju
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Ameer Basha Paspala
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500048, Telangana, India.
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Senthebane DA, Jonker T, Rowe A, Thomford NE, Munro D, Dandara C, Wonkam A, Govender D, Calder B, Soares NC, Blackburn JM, Parker MI, Dzobo K. The Role of Tumor Microenvironment in Chemoresistance: 3D Extracellular Matrices as Accomplices. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2861. [PMID: 30241395 PMCID: PMC6213202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19102861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The functional interplay between tumor cells and their adjacent stroma has been suggested to play crucial roles in the initiation and progression of tumors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy. The extracellular matrix (ECM), a complex network of extracellular proteins, provides both physical and chemicals cues necessary for cell proliferation, survival, and migration. Understanding how ECM composition and biomechanical properties affect cancer progression and response to chemotherapeutic drugs is vital to the development of targeted treatments. METHODS 3D cell-derived-ECMs and esophageal cancer cell lines were used as a model to investigate the effect of ECM proteins on esophageal cancer cell lines response to chemotherapeutics. Immunohistochemical and qRT-PCR evaluation of ECM proteins and integrin gene expression was done on clinical esophageal squamous cell carcinoma biopsies. Esophageal cancer cell lines (WHCO1, WHCO5, WHCO6, KYSE180, KYSE 450 and KYSE 520) were cultured on decellularised ECMs (fibroblasts-derived ECM; cancer cell-derived ECM; combinatorial-ECM) and treated with 0.1% Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4.2 µM cisplatin, 3.5 µM 5-fluorouracil and 2.5 µM epirubicin for 24 h. Cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, colony formation, apoptosis, migration and activation of signaling pathways were used as our study endpoints. RESULTS The expression of collagens, fibronectin and laminins was significantly increased in esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (ESCC) tumor samples compared to the corresponding normal tissue. Decellularised ECMs abrogated the effect of drugs on cancer cell cycling, proliferation and reduced drug induced apoptosis by 20⁻60% that of those plated on plastic. The mitogen-activated protein kinase-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK-ERK) and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathways were upregulated in the presence of the ECMs. Furthermore, our data show that concomitant addition of chemotherapeutic drugs and the use of collagen- and fibronectin-deficient ECMs through siRNA inhibition synergistically increased cancer cell sensitivity to drugs by 30⁻50%, and reduced colony formation and cancer cell migration. CONCLUSION Our study shows that ECM proteins play a key role in the response of cancer cells to chemotherapy and suggest that targeting ECM proteins can be an effective therapeutic strategy against chemoresistant tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Tina Jonker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Arielle Rowe
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Daniella Munro
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Ambroise Wonkam
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Dhirendra Govender
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, NHLS-Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Bridget Calder
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Nelson C Soares
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Jonathan M Blackburn
- Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - M Iqbal Parker
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
| | - Kevin Dzobo
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Cape Town Component, Wernher and Beit Building (South), UCT Campus, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa.
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Dzobo K, Thomford NE, Senthebane DA, Shipanga H, Rowe A, Dandara C, Pillay M, Motaung KSCM. Advances in Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering: Innovation and Transformation of Medicine. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:2495848. [PMID: 30154861 PMCID: PMC6091336 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2495848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Humans and animals lose tissues and organs due to congenital defects, trauma, and diseases. The human body has a low regenerative potential as opposed to the urodele amphibians commonly referred to as salamanders. Globally, millions of people would benefit immensely if tissues and organs can be replaced on demand. Traditionally, transplantation of intact tissues and organs has been the bedrock to replace damaged and diseased parts of the body. The sole reliance on transplantation has created a waiting list of people requiring donated tissues and organs, and generally, supply cannot meet the demand. The total cost to society in terms of caring for patients with failing organs and debilitating diseases is enormous. Scientists and clinicians, motivated by the need to develop safe and reliable sources of tissues and organs, have been improving therapies and technologies that can regenerate tissues and in some cases create new tissues altogether. Tissue engineering and/or regenerative medicine are fields of life science employing both engineering and biological principles to create new tissues and organs and to promote the regeneration of damaged or diseased tissues and organs. Major advances and innovations are being made in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine and have a huge impact on three-dimensional bioprinting (3D bioprinting) of tissues and organs. 3D bioprinting holds great promise for artificial tissue and organ bioprinting, thereby revolutionizing the field of regenerative medicine. This review discusses how recent advances in the field of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering can improve 3D bioprinting and vice versa. Several challenges must be overcome in the application of 3D bioprinting before this disruptive technology is widely used to create organotypic constructs for regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Dzobo
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas Ekow Thomford
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Dimakatso Alice Senthebane
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Hendrina Shipanga
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Medical Biochemistry and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Arielle Rowe
- Cape Town Component, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB) and UCT Medical Campus, Wernher and Beit Building (South), Anzio Road, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Collet Dandara
- Pharmacogenetics Research Group, Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology and Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Michael Pillay
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Applied and Computer Sciences, Vaal University of Technology, Vanderbijlpark 1900, South Africa
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Vishwakarma SK, Lakkireddy C, Bardia A, Raju N, Paspala SAB, Habeeb MA, Khan AA. Molecular dynamics of pancreatic transcription factors in bioengineered humanized insulin producing neoorgan. Gene 2018; 675:165-175. [PMID: 30180963 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study has been aimed to identify molecular dynamics of pancreatic transcription factors (pTFs) during events of directed trans-differentiation of human hepatic progenitor cells (hHPCs) into insulin producing cells (InPCs) within bioengineered humanized neoorgan. The study demonstrates applicability of acellularized whole splenic scaffold (ASOS) to generate insulin producing humanized transplantable neoorgan through activation of pancreatic transcription factors. METHODS An efficient acellularization process was developed for xenogeneic rat spleen using change in different gradients of reagents perfusion through splenic artery for varying time points. The acellularized xenogeneic spleen scaffold was characterized thoroughly for preservation of extra-cellular matrix and retention of organ specific vasculature and mechanical properties. Further scaffolds were sterilized and repopulated with hHPCs which were triggered using a stage wise induction with growth factors and hyperglycemic challenge for trans-differentiation into InPCs. Dynamics of pTFs alone or simultaneously during induction process was identified using gene expression analysis and immunological staining. RESULTS The cells within the engineered neoorgan respond to growth factors and extrinsic hyperglycemic challenge and generate large number of InPCs under controlled dynamic regulation of pTFs. Highly controlled regulation of pTFs generates higher percentage of Nkx-6.1+/C-peptide+ cells within the engineered splenic scaffolds. Generation of high percentage of insulin and C-peptide positive cells in three-dimensional organ architecture responded better to hyperglycemic stimuli and produced higher quantity of insulin than 2D-culture system. CONCLUSION The present study provides a novel platform for designing effective regenerative strategies using whole organ scaffolds to control hyperglycemia under tight regulation of pTFs using humanized neoorgan system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Chandrakala Lakkireddy
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Avinash Bardia
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Nagarapu Raju
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Syed Ameer Basha Paspala
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research & Translational Medicine, Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad 500058, Telangana, India; Dr. Habeebullah Life Sciences, Attapur, Hyderabad 500030, Telangana, India.
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Janani G, Nandi SK, Mandal BB. Functional hepatocyte clusters on bioactive blend silk matrices towards generating bioartificial liver constructs. Acta Biomater 2018; 67:167-182. [PMID: 29223705 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The creation of in vitro functional hepatic tissue simulating micro-environmental niche of native liver is a keen area of research due to its demand in bioartificial liver (BAL) and cell-based tissue engineering. Here, we investigated the potential of novel blend (BA) silk scaffold fabricated by blending mulberry (Bombyx mori, BM) silk fibroin with cell adhesion motif (RGD) rich non-mulberry (Antheraea assamensis, AA) silk fibroin, in generating a functional liver construct. Three-dimensional (3D) porous silk scaffolds (BM, AA and BA) were physico-chemically characterized and functionally evaluated using human hepatocarcinoma cells (HepG2) and primary neonatal rat hepatocytes. The growth and distribution of hepatocytes within the scaffolds were tracked by FESEM, alamar blue proliferation assay and live/dead staining. Hemocompatible BA scaffolds supported the formation of high density hepatocyte clusters, facilitating cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions. Blend scaffolds evinced enhanced liver-specific functions of cultured hepatocytes in terms of albumin synthesis, urea synthesis and cytochrome P450 enzyme activity over 21 days. Subcutaneous implantation of scaffolds demonstrated minimal macrophage infiltration in blend scaffolds. These findings substantiate that the integral property of blend (BA) scaffold offers a befitting environment by influencing spheroidal growth of hepatocytes with enhanced biological activity. Collectively, the present study provides a new 3D bio-matrix niche for growing functional liver cells that would have future prospects in BAL as well as regenerative medicine. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE An end stage liver disease called cirrhosis perturbs the self-healing ability and physiological functions of liver. Due to the scarcity of healthy donors, a functional in vitro hepatic construct retaining the liver-specific functions is in great demand for its prospects in bioartificial liver (BAL) and cell-based tissue engineering. Physicochemical attributes of a matrix influence the behavior of cultured hepatocytes in terms of attachment, morphology and functionality. Mulberry and non-mulberry silk fibroin presents unique amino acid sequence with difference in hydrophobicity and crystallinity. Considering this, the present study focuses on the development of a suitable three-dimensional (3D) bioactive matrix incorporating both mulberry silk fibroin and cell adhesion motif (RGD) rich non-mulberry silk fibroin. Porous silk blend scaffolds facilitated the formation of hepatocyte clusters with enhanced liver-specific functions emphasizing both cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions. Hemocompatibility and integral property of blend scaffolds offers a biological niche for seeding functional liver cells that would have future prospects in biohybrid devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Janani
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India
| | - Samit K Nandi
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Biman B Mandal
- Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781039, Assam, India.
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Hussey GS, Cramer MC, Badylak SF. Extracellular Matrix Bioscaffolds for Building Gastrointestinal Tissue. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 5:1-13. [PMID: 29276748 PMCID: PMC5736871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2017.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine is a rapidly advancing field that uses principles of tissue engineering, developmental biology, stem cell biology, immunology, and bioengineering to reconstruct diseased or damaged tissues. Biologic scaffolds composed of extracellular matrix have shown great promise as an inductive substrate to facilitate the constructive remodeling of gastrointestinal (GI) tissue damaged by neoplasia, inflammatory bowel disease, and congenital or acquired defects. The present review summarizes the preparation and use of extracellular matrix scaffolds for bioengineering of the GI tract, identifies significant advances made in regenerative medicine for the reconstruction of functional GI tissue, and describes an emerging therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S. Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Madeline C. Cramer
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen F. Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Stephen F. Badylak, DVM, PhD, MD, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219-3110. fax: (412) 624-5256.McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh450 Technology Drive, Suite 300PittsburghPennsylvania15219-3110
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A novel three-dimensional culture system maintaining the physiological extracellular matrix of fibrotic model livers accelerates progression of hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9827. [PMID: 28851916 PMCID: PMC5575302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09391-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is characterized by the progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) and is a strong predictor of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development and progression. However, the effect of ECM in fibrotic livers on HCC cells is poorly understood. The aims of this study were to create a new culture system that retained the natural ECM of fibrotic model livers and to establish whether natural ECM regulated the characteristics of HCC cells. Using an organ decellularization technique, we created a new culture system that preserved the tissue-specific ECM of fibrotic model livers from CCl4-treated rats. The content of ECM in fibrotic model liver scaffolds was increased and the ECM microstructure was distorted. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence assays of HCC cells cultured in fibrotic model liver scaffolds for 7 days showed an epithelial-mesenchymal transition phenotype. Moreover, the ECM of fibrotic model livers promoted proliferation and chemoresistance of HCC cells. These results showed a novel effect of natural ECM in fibrotic model livers on the malignant behaviour of HCC cells. This new culture system will be useful for both understanding the cell biology of fibrotic livers and developing novel anti-cancer drugs.
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Bruyneel AAN, Carr CA. Ambiguity in the Presentation of Decellularized Tissue Composition: The Need for Standardized Approaches. Artif Organs 2016; 41:778-784. [PMID: 27925237 PMCID: PMC5600108 DOI: 10.1111/aor.12838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Decellularization offers great potential to the field of tissue engineering, as this method gives rise to scaffold material with the native organ architecture by removing all cellular material and leaving much of the extracellular matrix (ECM) intact. However, many parameters may affect decellularization efficacy and ECM retention and, therefore, decellularization protocols need to be optimized for specific needs. This requires robust methods for comparison of decellularized tissue composition. Various representation methods are used in literature to express tissue composition (DNA, glycosaminoglycans, collagen, other ECM proteins, and growth factors). Here, we present and compare the various methods used and demonstrate that normalization to either dry or wet decellularized weight might be misleading and may overestimate true component retention. Moreover, the magnitude of the confounding effect is likely to be decellularization treatment dependent. As a result, we propose alternative comparison strategies: normalization to whole organ or to a unit of whole initial organ weight. We believe proper assessment of decellularized tissue composition is paramount for the successful comparison of different decellularization protocols and clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A N Bruyneel
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Carolyn A Carr
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Hussein KH, Park KM, Kang KS, Woo HM. Biocompatibility evaluation of tissue-engineered decellularized scaffolds for biomedical application. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 67:766-778. [PMID: 27287176 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.05.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterials based on seeding of cells on decellularized scaffolds have gained increasing interest in the last few years and suggested to serve as an alternative approach to bioengineer artificial organs and tissues for transplantation. The reaction of the host toward the decellularized scaffold and transplanted cells depends on the biocompatibility of the construct. Before proceeding to the clinical application step of decellularized scaffolds, it is greatly important to apply a number of biocompatibility tests in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the different methodology involved in cytotoxicity, pathogenicity, immunogenicity and biodegradability testing for evaluating the biocompatibility of various decellularized matrices obtained from human or animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Hany Hussein
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Mee Park
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, South Korea; Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- Adult Stem Cell Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea
| | - Heung-Myong Woo
- Stem Cell Institute, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, Korea; Institue of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 200-701, South Korea; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Renal Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, MA 02115, USA.
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Shirakigawa N, Hara Y, Sakamoto H, Ijima H. Tissue-Engineered Bioreactors with Flow Channels Molded by Polypod Particles. ADVANCED BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING 2016. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.5.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nana Shirakigawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Yuta Hara
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroki Sakamoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University
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