1
|
Kritschil R, Li V, Wang D, Dong Q, Silwal P, Finkel T, Lee J, Sowa G, Vo N. Impact of autophagy inhibition on intervertebral disc cells and extracellular matrix. JOR Spine 2024; 7:e1286. [PMID: 38234974 PMCID: PMC10792703 DOI: 10.1002/jsp2.1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a leading contributor to low back pain (LBP). Autophagy, strongly activated by hypoxia and nutrient starvation, is a vital intracellular quality control process that removes damaged proteins and organelles to recycle them for cellular biosynthesis and energy production. While well-established as a major driver of many age-related diseases, autophagy dysregulation or deficiency has yet been confirmed to cause IDD. Methods In vitro, rat nucleus pulposus (NP) cells treated with bafilomycin A1 to inhibit autophagy were assessed for glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content, proteoglycan synthesis, and cell viability. In vivo, a transgenic strain (Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl) mice were successfully generated to inhibit autophagy primarily in NP tissues. Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mouse intervertebral discs (IVDs) were evaluated for biomarkers for apoptosis and cellular senescence, aggrecan content, and histological changes up to 12 months of age. Results Here, we demonstrated inhibition of autophagy by bafilomycin produced IDD features in the rat NP cells, including increased apoptosis and cellular senescence (p21 CIP1) and decreased expression of disc matrix genes Col2a1 and Acan. H&E histologic staining showed significant but modest degenerative changes in NP tissue of Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls at 6 and 12 months of age. Intriguingly, 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice did not display increased loss of NP proteoglycan. Moreover, markers of apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, TUNEL), and cellular senescence (p53, p16 INK4a , IL-1β, TNF-α) were not affected in 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls. However, p21 CIP1and Mmp13 gene expression were upregulated in NP tissue of 12-month-old Col2a1-Cre; Atg7 fl/fl mice compared to controls, suggesting p21 CIP1-mediated cellular senescence resulted from NP-targeted Atg7 knockout might contribute to the observed histological changes. Conclusion The absence of overt IDD features from disrupting Atg7-mediated macroautophagy in NP tissue implicates other compensatory mechanisms, highlighting additional research needed to elucidate the complex biology of autophagy in regulating age-dependent IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Kritschil
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Vivian Li
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Drexel School of MedicineDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Qing Dong
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Prashanta Silwal
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Toren Finkel
- Aging InstituteUniversity of Pittsburgh and University of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Joon Lee
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gwendolyn Sowa
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Nam Vo
- Department of Orthopedic SurgeryUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wei L, Pan Q, Teng J, Zhang H, Qin N. Intra-articular administration of PLGA resveratrol sustained-release nanoparticles attenuates the development of rat osteoarthritis. Mater Today Bio 2024; 24:100884. [PMID: 38173866 PMCID: PMC10761803 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies have confirmed that resveratrol (RSV) can prevent the development of osteoarthritis through a variety of mechanisms, such as apoptosis inhibition, autophagy induction and SIRT 1 activation. However, the pharmaceutical application of RSV is mainly limited by its low bioavailability. Here, we designed and synthesized RSV-loaded poly (D, l-lactide-coglycolide acid) (PLGA)-nanoparticles (NPs). The average particle size, polydispersity index and positive charge of RSV-loaded PLGA NPs were 50.40 nm, 0.217 and 12.57 mV, respectively. These nanoparticles had marked encapsulation efficiency (92.35 %) and drug loading (15.1 %) for RSV. It was found that RSV-loaded PLGA NPs not only inhibited the apoptosis of chondrocytes induced by IL-1, but also rescued GAG loss in vitro. Pharmacokinetic data showed that RSV-loaded PLGA NPs demonstrated a significantly profound and prolonged concentration profile in joint tissues, with quantifiable RSV concentrations over 35 days. The therapeutic effects of RSV-loaded PLGA NPs were then examined in rat osteoarthritis models. In vitro magnetic resonance imaging results showed that RSV-loaded PLGA NPs treatment dramatically reduced both T1ρ and T2 relaxation times at 4, 8, 12 weeks during administration, implying that cartilage destruction was alleviated. Histological assessments showed that RSV-loaded PLGA NPs significantly improved osteoarthritis symptoms. Gene expression analysis revealed that osteoarthritis mediator genes were downregulated in rats treated with RSV-PLGA NPs. Mechanistic studies indicated that RSV-loaded PLGA NPs inhibit apoptosis and promote autophagy. Collectively, this study demonstrates that intra-articular delivery of RSV via PLGA NPs might be an effective therapeutic approach for osteoarthritis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Wei
- Department of Sports Medicine, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Qingqing Pan
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Institutes of Health Central Plain, Clinical Medical Center of Tissue Engineering and Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Junyan Teng
- Bone Pharmacology Laboratory, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Bone Pharmacology Laboratory, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Na Qin
- Bone Pharmacology Laboratory, Luoyang Orthopedic-Traumatological Hospital (Orthopedics Hospital of Henan Province), Luoyang, Henan, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yan B, Li Z, Su H, Xue H, Qiu D, Xu Z, Tan G. Regulatory mechanisms of autophagy-related ncRNAs in bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1178310. [PMID: 38146458 PMCID: PMC10749346 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1178310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone metabolic diseases have been tormented and are plaguing people worldwide due to the lack of effective and thorough medical interventions and the poor understanding of their pathogenesis. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are heterogeneous transcripts that cannot encode the proteins but can affect the expressions of other genes. Autophagy is a fundamental mechanism for keeping cell viability, recycling cellular contents through the lysosomal pathway, and maintaining the homeostasis of the intracellular environment. There is growing evidence that ncRNAs, autophagy, and crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy play complex roles in progression of metabolic bone disease. This review investigated the complex mechanisms by which ncRNAs, mainly micro RNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs), regulate autophagic pathway to assist in treating bone metabolism disorders. It aimed at identifying the autophagy role in bone metabolism disorders and understanding the role, potential, and challenges of crosstalk between ncRNAs and autophagy for bone metabolism disorders treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binghan Yan
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhichao Li
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hui Su
- College of First Clinical Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Haipeng Xue
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Daodi Qiu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhanwang Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Guoqing Tan
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng G, Ren J, Shang L, Bao Y. Role of autophagy in the pathogenesis and regulation of pain. Eur J Pharmacol 2023; 955:175859. [PMID: 37429517 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2023.175859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Pain is a ubiquitous and highly concerned clinical symptom, usually caused by peripheral or central nervous injury, tissue damage, or other diseases. The long-term existence of pain can seriously affect daily physical function and quality of life and produce great torture on the physiological and psychological levels. However, the complex pathogenesis of pain involving molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways has not been fully elucidated, and managing pain remains highly challenging. As a result, finding new targets to pursue effective and long-term pain treatment strategies is required and urgent. Autophagy is an intracellular degradation and recycling process that maintains tissue homeostasis and energy supply, which can be cytoprotective and is vital in maintaining neural plasticity and proper nervous system function. Much evidence has shown that autophagy dysregulation is linked to the emergence of neuropathic pain, such as postherpetic neuralgia and cancer-related pain. Autophagy has also been connected to pain caused by osteoarthritis and lumbar disc degeneration. It is worth noting that in recent years, studies on traditional Chinese medicine have also proved that several traditional Chinese medicine monomers involve autophagy in the mechanism of pain relief. Therefore, autophagy can serve as a potential regulatory target to provide new ideas and inspiration for pain management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guangda Zheng
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Juanxia Ren
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Lu Shang
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, 110847, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Yanju Bao
- Department of Oncology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gong Y, Li S, Wu J, Zhang T, Fang S, Feng D, Luo X, Yuan J, Wu Y, Yan X, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Wu J, Lian J, Xiang W, Ni Z. Autophagy in the pathogenesis and therapeutic potential of post-traumatic osteoarthritis. BURNS & TRAUMA 2023; 11:tkac060. [PMID: 36733467 PMCID: PMC9887948 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkac060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy, as a fundamental mechanism for cellular homeostasis, is generally involved in the occurrence and progression of various diseases. Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common musculoskeletal disease that often leads to pain, disability and economic loss in patients. Post-traumatic OA (PTOA) is a subtype of OA, accounting for >12% of the overall burden of OA. PTOA is often caused by joint injuries including anterior cruciate ligament rupture, meniscus tear and intra-articular fracture. Although a variety of methods have been developed to treat acute joint injury, the current measures have limited success in effectively reducing the incidence and delaying the progression of PTOA. Therefore, the pathogenesis and intervention strategy of PTOA need further study. In the past decade, the roles and mechanisms of autophagy in PTOA have aroused great interest in the field. It was revealed that autophagy could maintain the homeostasis of chondrocytes, reduce joint inflammatory level, prevent chondrocyte death and matrix degradation, which accordingly improved joint symptoms and delayed the progression of PTOA. Moreover, many strategies that target PTOA have been revealed to promote autophagy. In this review, we summarize the roles and mechanisms of autophagy in PTOA and the current strategies for PTOA treatment that depend on autophagy regulation, which may be beneficial for PTOA patients in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tongyi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China,Department of General practice, Chinese PLA General Hospital of the Central Theater Command, Wuluo Street, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430000, China
| | - Shunzheng Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Daibo Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Xiaoqing Luo
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, Center of Bone Metabolism and Repair, Laboratory for Prevention and Rehabilitation of Training Injuries, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Trauma Center, Research Institute of Surgery, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Changjiang Street, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400042, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Army Medical University, Gantaoyan Street, Shapinba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yaran Wu
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Gantaoyan Street, Shapinba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xiaojing Yan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Laboratory Medicine, Army Medical University, Gantaoyan Street, Shapinba District, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, People's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Three Gorges Medical College, Guoben Street, Wanzhou district, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Hospital, Shanghai Street, Wanzhou District, Chongqing 404000, China
| | - Jiangyi Wu
- Department of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Hospital, Peking University, Lianhua Street, Futian District, Shenzhen 518034, China
| | - Jiqin Lian
- Correspondence. Zhenghong Ni, ; Wei Xiang, ; Jiqin Lian,
| | - Wei Xiang
- Correspondence. Zhenghong Ni, ; Wei Xiang, ; Jiqin Lian,
| | - Zhenhong Ni
- Correspondence. Zhenghong Ni, ; Wei Xiang, ; Jiqin Lian,
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li Y, Shen B, Lv C, Zhu X, Naren Q, Xu D, Chen H, Wu F. Methyl gallate prevents oxidative stress induced apoptosis and ECM degradation in chondrocytes via restoring Sirt3 mediated autophagy and ameliorates osteoarthritis progression. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109489. [PMID: 36459925 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common age-related degenerative disease involving various pathological processes, among which apoptosis in chondrocyte and extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are the main pathologies. Previous studies have shown that autophagy has a protective effect on apoptosis and ECM degradation in chondrocytes. Methyl gallate (MG) is a natural polyphenol from various medicinal and edible plants. Moreover, several studies have demonstrated that MG exerts multiple pharmacological effects in various diseases, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis. Hence, in this study, we investigate the protective effect of MG on the pathological process of OA in cellular and mice OA model to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanism. In vitro, MG treatment inhibits the expression of pro-apoptotic proteins and promotes the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins under TBHP stimulation. Meanwhile, MG treatment promotes the expression of Collagen II and Aggrecan and inhibits the expression of matrix-degrading enzymes thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) and matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13), which lead to ECM degradation. Furthermore, in terms of mechanism, MG treatment enhances autophagy by upregulating SIRT3 expression, and inhibition of autophagy could eliminate the protective effect of MG on chondrocytes in terms of anti-apoptosis and ECM synthesis. The protective effect of MG on OA has also been observed in mice OA model. In brief, our study suggests that MG could be a potential candidate for the treatment of OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bin Shen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Cunxian Lv
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xinyi Zhu
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Qiqige Naren
- The Second School of Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - He Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fengmiao Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Wenzhou Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tabibzadeh S. Role of autophagy in aging: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Aging Cell 2022; 22:e13753. [PMID: 36539927 PMCID: PMC9835585 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy (self-eating) is a conserved catabolic homeostatic process required for cellular metabolic demands by removal of the damaged molecules and organelles and for alleviation of stress initiated by pathology and infection. By such actions, autophagy is essential for the prevention of aging, disease, and cancer. Genetic defects of autophagy genes lead to a host of developmental, metabolic, and pathological aberrations. Similarly, the age-induced decline in autophagy leads to the loss of cellular homeostatic control. Paradoxically, such a valuable mechanism is hijacked by diseases, during tumor progression and by senescence, presumably due to high levels of metabolic demand. Here, we review both the role of autophagy in preventing cellular decline in aging by fulfillment of cellular bioenergetic demands and its contribution to the maintenance of the senescent state and SASP by acting on energy and nutritional sensors and diverse signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siamak Tabibzadeh
- Frontiers in Bioscience Research Institute in Aging and CancerIrvineCaliforniaUSA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Lv X, Zhao T, Dai Y, Shi M, Huang X, Wei Y, Shen J, Zhang X, Xie Z, Wang Q, Li Z, Qin D. New insights into the interplay between autophagy and cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1089668. [PMID: 36544901 PMCID: PMC9760856 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1089668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradation system that maintains the stable state of cell energy metabolism. Some recent findings have indicated that autophagy dysfunction is an important driving factor for the occurrence and development of osteoarthritis (OA). The decrease of autophagy leads to the accumulation of damaged organelles and macromolecules in chondrocytes, which affects the survival of chondrocytes and ultimately leads to OA. An appropriate level of autophagic activation may be a new method to prevent articular cartilage degeneration in OA. This minireview discussed the mechanism of autophagy and OA, key autophagy targets regulating OA progression, and evaluated therapeutic applications of drugs targeting autophagy in preclinical and clinical research. Some critical issues worth paying attention to were also raised to guide future research efforts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoman Lv
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Zhao
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Youwu Dai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Mingqin Shi
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyi Huang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Jiayan Shen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Zhaohu Xie
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Qi Wang, ; Zhaofu Li, ; Dongdong Qin,
| | - Zhaofu Li
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Qi Wang, ; Zhaofu Li, ; Dongdong Qin,
| | - Dongdong Qin
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan University of Chinese Medicine, Kunming, China,*Correspondence: Qi Wang, ; Zhaofu Li, ; Dongdong Qin,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Autophagy Is a Crucial Path in Chondrogenesis of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Laden in Hydrogel. Gels 2022; 8:gels8120766. [PMID: 36547290 PMCID: PMC9778383 DOI: 10.3390/gels8120766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a cellular process that contributes to the maintenance of cell homeostasis through the activation of a specific path, by providing the necessary factors in stressful and physiological situations. Autophagy plays a specific role in chondrocyte differentiation; therefore, we aimed to analyze this process in adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) laden in three-dimensional (3D) hydrogel. We analyzed chondrogenic and autophagic markers using molecular biology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. We demonstrated that ASCs embedded in 3D hydrogel showed an increase expression of typical autophagic markers Beclin 1, LC3, and p62, associated with clear evidence of autophagic vacuoles in the cytoplasm. During ASCs chondrogenic differentiation, we showed that autophagic markers declined their expression and autophagic vesicles were rare, while typical chondrogenic markers collagen type 2, and aggrecan were significantly increased. In line with developmental animal models of cartilage, our data showed that in a 3D hydrogel, ASCs increased their autophagic features. This path is the fundamental prerequisite for the initial phase of differentiation that contributes to fueling the cells with energy and factors necessary for chondrogenic differentiation.
Collapse
|
10
|
Li Z, Li D, Su H, Xue H, Tan G, Xu Z. Autophagy: An important target for natural products in the treatment of bone metabolic diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999017. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone homeostasis depends on a precise dynamic balance between bone resorption and bone formation, involving a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Any imbalance in this process can cause disturbances in bone metabolism and lead to the development of many associated bone diseases. Autophagy, one of the fundamental pathways for the degradation and recycling of proteins and organelles, is a fundamental process that regulates cellular and organismal homeostasis. Importantly, basic levels of autophagy are present in all types of bone-associated cells. Due to the cyclic nature of autophagy and the ongoing bone metabolism processes, autophagy is considered a new participant in bone maintenance. Novel therapeutic targets have emerged as a result of new mechanisms, and bone metabolism can be controlled by interfering with autophagy by focusing on certain regulatory molecules in autophagy. In parallel, several studies have reported that various natural products exhibit a good potential to mediate autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, we briefly described the process of autophagy, emphasizing its function in different cell types involved in bone development and metabolism (including bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts), and also summarized research advances in natural product-mediated autophagy for the treatment of metabolic bone disease caused by dysfunction of these cells (including osteoporosis, rheumatoid joints, osteoarthritis, fracture nonunion/delayed union). The objective of the study was to identify the function that autophagy serves in metabolic bone disease and the effects, potential, and challenges of natural products for the treatment of these diseases by targeting autophagy.
Collapse
|
11
|
Zhao C, Li X, Sun G, Liu P, Kong K, Chen X, Yang F, Wang X. CircFOXO3 protects against osteoarthritis by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating PI3K/AKT-mediated autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:932. [PMID: 36344492 PMCID: PMC9640610 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05390-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disorder causing pain and functional disability. Emerging evidence reveals that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in OA progression and development. This study aimed to investigate the role of a novel circRNA factor, circFOXO3, in the progression of OA and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanism. The function of circFOXO3 in OA and interaction between circFOXO3 and its downstream mRNA target, forkhead box O3 (FOXO3), were evaluated by western blot (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), RNA immunoprecipitation, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Upregulation of circFOXO3 and autophagic flux were detected both in vivo and in vitro by WB, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), IF, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). A mouse model of OA was also used to confirm the role of circFOXO3 in OA pathogenesis in vivo. Decreased expression of circFOXO3 in OA cartilage tissues was directly associated with excessive apoptosis and imbalance between anabolic and catabolic factors of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Mechanistically, circFOXO3 functioned in cartilage by targeting its parental gene FOXO3 and activating autophagy. Intra-articular injection of lentivirus-circFOXO3 alleviated OA in the mouse model. In conclusion, our results reveal the key role played by circFOXO3 in OA progression; circFOXO3 overexpression may alleviate apoptosis of chondrocytes and promote anabolism of the ECM via activation of FOXO3 and autophagy, providing a potentially effective novel therapeutic strategy for OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhao
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Guantong Sun
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Keyu Kong
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xuzhuo Chen
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Oral Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Fei Yang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| | - Xiaoqing Wang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011 China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kao WC, Chen JC, Liu PC, Lu CC, Lin SY, Chuang SC, Wu SC, Chang LH, Lee MJ, Yang CD, Lee TC, Wang YC, Li JY, Wei CW, Chen CH. The Role of Autophagy in Osteoarthritic Cartilage. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12101357. [PMID: 36291565 PMCID: PMC9599131 DOI: 10.3390/biom12101357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common diseases leading to physical disability, with age being the main risk factor, and degeneration of articular cartilage is the main focus for the pathogenesis of OA. Autophagy is a crucial intracellular homeostasis system recycling flawed macromolecules and cellular organelles to sustain the metabolism of cells. Growing evidences have revealed that autophagy is chondroprotective by regulating apoptosis and repairing the function of damaged chondrocytes. Then, OA is related to autophagy depending on different stages and models. In this review, we discuss the character of autophagy in OA and the process of the autophagy pathway, which can be modulated by some drugs, key molecules and non-coding RNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs and circular RNAs). More in-depth investigations of autophagy are needed to find therapeutic targets or diagnostic biomarkers through in vitro and in vivo situations, making autophagy a more effective way for OA treatment in the future. The aim of this review is to introduce the concept of autophagy and make readers realize its impact on OA. The database we searched in is PubMed and we used the keywords listed below to find appropriate article resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chun Kao
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 813414, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Chih Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chang Lu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung 812, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yen Lin
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chun Chuang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shun-Cheng Wu
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ling-hua Chang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Juan Lee
- Department of Medical Science Industries, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chang Jung Christian University, Tainan 71101, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Da Yang
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Tien-Ching Lee
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Chun Wang
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung 80145, Taiwan
| | - Jhong-You Li
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wang Wei
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2648#19) (C-W.W.); +886-7-3209209 (C.-H.C.)
| | - Chung-Hwan Chen
- Orthopaedic Research Center, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Regeneration Medicine and Cell Therapy Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopedics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
- Department of Healthcare Administration and Medical Informatics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Medical Science and Technology, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80420, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 912301, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-W.W.); (C.-H.C.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2648#19) (C-W.W.); +886-7-3209209 (C.-H.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Li M, Peng Z, Wang X, Wang Y. Monoamine oxidase A attenuates chondrocyte loss and extracellular matrix degradation in osteoarthritis by inducing autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 109:108772. [PMID: 35461155 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disorder characterized by cartilage destruction and extracellular matrix (ECM) degeneration. Here, we studied the potential function of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in OA pathogenesis. METHODS Cartilage tissue samples were collected from 33 patients with knee OA and nine normal healthy controls. Sprague-Dawley rats with anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) and primary chondrocytes treated with interleukin (IL)-1β were used as OA animal and cell models, respectively. The effects of adenovirus-mediated MAOA overexpression in OA models were studied using Safranin-O staining, immunohistochemistry, CCK-8 assay, EdU assay, flow cytometry, qRT-PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence. RESULTS MAOA was identified as an overlapping downregulating gene in the GSE82107, GSE1919, GSE169077, and GSE29746 datasets. MAOA expression was negatively correlated with OA severity. MAOA downregulation was confirmed in ACLT rats and IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Notably, MAOA overexpression significantly inhibited ACLT-induced OA pathogenesis in rats, as was evidenced by the reduced Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) score and serum crosslinked C-telopeptides of type II collagen (CTX-II) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) levels. These findings show that MAOA overexpression inhibits extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation and promotes ACLT-induced autophagy. The effects of MAOA on ECM degradation and autophagy were also confirmed in IL-1β-treated primary chondrocytes. Additionally, MAOA protects chondrocytes against IL-1β-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, treating chondrocytes with 3-MA significantly attenuated the protective effects of MAOA. CONCLUSION MAOA was identified as a downregulated gene in OA. Restoring MAOA expression protects against chondrocyte loss and ECM degradation through autophagy regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Li
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Zhibin Peng
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Xiaokun Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Yansong Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150070, Heilongjiang, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Holling T, Bhavani GS, von Elsner L, Shah H, Kausthubham N, Bhattacharyya SS, Shukla A, Mortier GR, Schinke T, Danyukova T, Pohl S, Kutsche K, Girisha KM. A homozygous hypomorphic BNIP1 variant causes an increase in autophagosomes and reduced autophagic flux and results in a spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. Hum Mutat 2022; 43:625-642. [PMID: 35266227 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
BNIP1 (BCL2 interacting protein 1) is a soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor-attachment protein receptor involved in ER membrane fusion. We identified the homozygous BNIP1 intronic variant c.84+3A>T in the apparently unrelated patients 1 and 2 with disproportionate short stature. Radiographs showed abnormalities affecting both the axial and appendicular skeleton and spondylo-epiphyseal dysplasia. We detected ~80% aberrantly spliced BNIP1 pre-mRNAs, reduced BNIP1 mRNA level to ~80%, and BNIP1 protein level reduction by ~50% in patient 1 compared to control fibroblasts. The BNIP1 ortholog in drosophila, Sec. 20, regulates autophagy and lysosomal degradation. We assessed lysosome positioning and identified a decrease in lysosomes in the perinuclear region and an increase in the cell periphery in patient 1 cells. Immunofluorescence microscopy and immunoblotting demonstrated an increase in LC3B-positive structures and LC3B-II levels, respectively, in patient 1 fibroblasts under steady-state condition. Treatment of serum-starved fibroblasts with or without bafilomycin A1 identified significantly decreased autophagic flux in patient 1 cells. Our data suggest a block at the terminal stage of autolysosome formation and/or clearance in patient fibroblasts. BNIP1 together with RAB33B and VPS16, disease genes for Smith-McCort dysplasia 2 and a multisystem disorder with short stature, respectively, highlight the importance of autophagy in skeletal development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tess Holling
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gandham SriLakshmi Bhavani
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Leonie von Elsner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hitesh Shah
- Department of Orthopedics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Neethukrishna Kausthubham
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | | | - Anju Shukla
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| | - Geert R Mortier
- Center for Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tatyana Danyukova
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Pohl
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kutsche
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Katta Mohan Girisha
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Circular RNA RHOT1 Regulates miR-142-5p/CCND1 to Participate in Chondrocyte Autophagy and Proliferation in Osteoarthritis. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:4370873. [PMID: 35300071 PMCID: PMC8923789 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4370873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osteoarthritis (OA) serves as one of the most prevalent types of joint disorders and is a leading cause of symptoms of stiffness, swelling, and arthralgia. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been reported to participate in various cellular processes by competing with microRNAs. Meanwhile, cyclinD1 (CCND1) is a key cell cycle regulatory protein and plays a crucial role in OA progression. Nevertheless, the function of circRHOT1 in the modulation of OA progression is still obscure. Here, we explored the effect of circRHOT1 on autophagy and extracellular matrix (ECM) in OA. Methods The expression of circRHOT1 and autophagy markers was detected in OA samples. The effect of circRHOT1 on OA was analyzed in the OA rat model. The function of circRHOT1 in the regulation of OA was assessed by CCK-8, colony formation, flow cytometry analysis, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis, and luciferase reporter gene assay in chondrocytes. Results We observed that autophagy markers, including LC3 and beclin1, were repressed in clinical OA samples. The expression of circRHOT1 and CCND1 was induced but the miR-142-5p expression was reduced in clinical OA samples. The miR-142-5p expression was negatively correlated with circRHOT1 and CCND1, and the circRHOT1 expression was positively associated with CCND1 in clinical OA samples. Meanwhile, the apoptosis was induced in OA rats but the depletion of circRHOT1 could block the phenotype in the rats. The articular cartilage degeneration was promoted in OA rats, while the knockdown of circRHOT1 repressed the degeneration. The serum levels of CTX-II and COMP were increased in OA rats, and the silencing of circRHOT1 downregulated levels of these proteins. In addition, the expression of collagen II and aggrecan was promoted by the depletion of circRHOT1 in the OA rats. Significantly, the expression of LC3 and beclin1 was suppressed in OA rats, in which the knockdown of circRHOT1 could reverse the effect. Moreover, the depletion of circRHOT1 repressed the cell viability and proliferation but induced apoptosis of chondrocytes. The expression levels of LC3, beclin1, collagen II, and aggrecan were induced by circRHOT1 knockdown. Mechanically, circRHOT1 was able to enhance the CCND1 expression by sponging miR-142-5p in chondrocytes. The overexpression of CCND1 or the inhibition of miR-142-5p reversed circRHOT1 depletion-mediated chondrocyte phenotypes. Conclusions Circular RNA RHOT1 enhances the CCND1 expression by sponging miR-142-5p to inhibit chondrocyte autophagy and promote chondrocyte proliferation in osteoarthritis. Our findings provided a promising therapeutic target for OA.
Collapse
|
16
|
Collier JJ, Suomi F, Oláhová M, McWilliams TG, Taylor RW. Emerging roles of ATG7 in human health and disease. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e14824. [PMID: 34725936 PMCID: PMC8649875 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202114824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardinal stages of macroautophagy are driven by core autophagy-related (ATG) proteins, whose ablation largely abolishes intracellular turnover. Disrupting ATG genes is paradigmatic of studying autophagy deficiency, yet emerging data suggest that ATG proteins have extensive biological importance beyond autophagic elimination. An important example is ATG7, an essential autophagy effector enzyme that in concert with other ATG proteins, also regulates immunity, cell death and protein secretion, and independently regulates the cell cycle and apoptosis. Recently, a direct association between ATG7 dysfunction and disease was established in patients with biallelic ATG7 variants and childhood-onset neuropathology. Moreover, a prodigious body of evidence supports a role for ATG7 in protecting against complex disease states in model organisms, although how dysfunctional ATG7 contributes to manifestation of these diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration and infection, in humans remains unclear. Here, we systematically review the biological functions of ATG7, discussing the impact of its impairment on signalling pathways and human pathology. Future studies illuminating the molecular relationship between ATG7 dysfunction and disease will expedite therapies for disorders involving ATG7 deficiency and/or impaired autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jack J Collier
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Present address:
Department of Neurology and NeurosurgeryMontreal Neurological InstituteMcGill UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Fumi Suomi
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Monika Oláhová
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Thomas G McWilliams
- Translational Stem Cell Biology & Metabolism Program, Research Programs UnitUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
- Department of AnatomyFaculty of MedicineUniversity of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland
| | - Robert W Taylor
- Wellcome Centre for Mitochondrial Research, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
- NHS Highly Specialised Service for Rare Mitochondrial Disorders of Adults and ChildrenNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hsieh YL, Wei X, Wang Y, Zhang H, Qi S, Xie D, Mishina Y, Mendonça D, Hatch N, Liu F. Chondrocyte Tsc1 controls cranial base bone development by restraining the premature differentiation of synchondroses. Bone 2021; 153:116142. [PMID: 34365025 PMCID: PMC8543925 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.116142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cranial base bones are formed through endochondral ossification. Synchondroses are growth plates located between cranial base bones that facilitate anterior-posterior growth of the skull. Coordinated proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in cranial base synchondroses is essential for cranial base bone growth. Herein, we report that constitutive activation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling via Tsc1 (Tuberous sclerosis 1) deletion in chondrocytes causes abnormal skull development with decreased size and rounded shape. In contrast to decreased anterior-posterior growth of the cranial base, mutant mice also exhibited significant expansion of cranial base synchondroses including the intersphenoid synchondrosis (ISS) and the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS). Cranial base synchondrosis expansion in TSC1-deficient mice was accounted for by an expansion of the resting zone due to increased cell number and size without alteration in cell proliferation. Furthermore, our data showed that mTORC1 activity is inhibited in the resting and proliferating zone chondrocytes of wild type mice, and Tsc1 deletion activated mTORC1 signaling of the chondrocytes in the resting zone area. Consequently, the chondrocytes in the resting zone of TSC1-deficient mice acquired characteristics generally attributed to pre-hypertrophic chondrocytes including high mTORC1 activity, increased cell size, and increased expression level of PTH1R (Parathyroid hormone 1 receptor) and IHH (Indian hedgehog). Lastly, treatment with rapamycin, an inhibitor of mTORC1, rescued the abnormality in synchondroses. Our results established an important role for TSC1-mTORC1 signaling in regulating cranial base bone development and showed that chondrocytes in the resting zone of synchondroses are maintained in an mTORC1-inhibitory environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Lynn Hsieh
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Orthodontics, Hospital of Stomatology Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Yating Wang
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Other Research Platforms & Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Honghao Zhang
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shuqun Qi
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Di Xie
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Daniela Mendonça
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nan Hatch
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Biologic & Materials Sciences and Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Three dimensions of autophagy in regulating tumor growth: cell survival/death, cell proliferation, and tumor dormancy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166265. [PMID: 34487813 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal degradation process involved in multiple facets of cancer biology. Various dimensions of autophagy are associated with tumor growth and cancer progression, and here we focus on the dimensions involved in regulation of cell survival/cell death, cell proliferation and tumor dormancy. The first dimension of autophagy supports cell survival under stress within tumors and under certain contexts drives cell death, impacting tumor growth. The second dimension of autophagy promotes proliferation through directly regulating cell cycle or indirectly maintaining metabolism, increasing tumor growth. The third dimension of autophagy facilitates tumor cell dormancy, contributing to cancer treatment resistance and cancer recurrence. The intricate relationship between these three dimensions of autophagy influences the extent of tumor growth and cancer progression. In this review, we summarize the roles of the three dimensions of autophagy in tumor growth and cancer progression, and discuss unanswered questions in these fields.
Collapse
|
19
|
Liu J, Fu Q, Liu S. Transcriptional Regulation Based on Network of Autophagy Identifies Key Genes and Potential Mechanisms in Human Osteoarthritis. Cartilage 2021; 13:1431S-1441S. [PMID: 32819149 PMCID: PMC8804715 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520951632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic arthropathy that frequently occurs in the middle-aged and elderly population. The aim of this study was to investigate the molecular mechanism of OA based on autophagy theory. DESIGN We downloaded the gene expression profile from the Gene Expression Omnibus repository. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the keyword "autophagy" were identified using the scanGEO online analysis tool. DEGs representing the same expression trend were screened using the MATCH function. Clinical synovial specimens were collected for identification, pathological diagnosis, hematoxylin and eosin staining, and real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Differential expression of mRNAs in the synovial membrane tissues and chondrocyte monolayer samples from OA patients was used to identify potential OA biomarkers. Protein-protein interactions were established by the STRING website and visualized with Cytoscape. Functional and pathway enrichment analyses were performed using the Metascape database. RESULTS GABARAPL1, GABARAPL2, and ATG13 were obtained as co-expressed autogenes in the 3 data sets. They were all downregulated among OA synovial tissues compared with non-OA synovial tissues (P < 0.01). A protein-protein interaction network was constructed based on these 3 genes and included 63 genes. A functional analysis revealed that these genes were associated with autophagy-related functions. The top hub genes in the protein-protein interaction network were presented. Furthermore, 3 key modules were extracted to be core control modules. CONCLUSIONS These results offer an important molecular understanding of the key transcriptional regulatory genes and modules based on the network of potential autophagy mechanisms in human OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Shengjing
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Qin Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shengjing
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of
China
| | - Shengye Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Shengjing
Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, People’s Republic of
China,Shengye Liu, Department of Orthopedics, The
Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004,
People’s Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Moss JJ, Wirth M, Tooze SA, Lane JD, Hammond CL. Autophagy coordinates chondrocyte development and early joint formation in zebrafish. FASEB J 2021; 35:e22002. [PMID: 34708458 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101167r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a catabolic process responsible for the removal of waste and damaged cellular components by lysosomal degradation. It plays a key role in fundamental cell processes, including ER stress mitigation, control of cell metabolism, and cell differentiation and proliferation, all of which are essential for cartilage cell (chondrocyte) development and survival, and for the formation of cartilage. Correspondingly, autophagy dysregulation has been implicated in several skeletal disorders such as osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. To test the requirement for autophagy during skeletal development in zebrafish, we generated an atg13 CRISPR knockout zebrafish line. This line showed a complete loss of atg13 expression, and restricted autophagic activity in vivo. In the absence of autophagy, chondrocyte maturation was accelerated, with chondrocytes exhibiting signs of premature hypertrophy. Focussing on the jaw element, autophagy disruption affected joint articulation causing restricted mouth opening. This gross behavioural phenotype corresponded with a failure to thrive, and death in homozygote atg13 nulls within 17 days. Taken together, our results are consistent with autophagy contributing to the timely regulation of chondrocyte maturation and for extracellular matrix formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Moss
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Martina Wirth
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Sharon A Tooze
- Molecular Cell Biology of Autophagy, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Jon D Lane
- School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Autophagic Mediators in Bone Marrow Niche Homeostasis. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:61-75. [PMID: 34480334 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow serves as a reservoir for a multifunctional assortment of stem, progenitor, and mature cells, located in functional anatomical micro-areas termed niches. Within the niche, hematopoietic and mesenchymal progenies establish a symbiotic relationship characterized by interdependency and interconnectedness. The fine-tuned physical and molecular interactions that occur in the niches guarantee physiological bone turnover, blood cell maturation and egression, and moderation of inflammatory and oxidative intramural stressful conditions. The disruption of bone marrow niche integrity causes severe local and systemic pathological settings, and thus bone marrow inhabitants have been the object of extensive study. In this context, research has revealed the importance of the autophagic apparatus for niche homeostatic maintenance. Archetypal autophagic players such as the p62 and the Atg family proteins have been found to exert a variety of actions, some autophagy-related and others not; they moderate the essential features of mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells and switch their operational schedules. This chapter focuses on our current understanding of bone marrow functionality and the role of the executive autophagic apparatus in the niche framework. Autophagic mediators such as p62 and Atg7 are currently considered the most important orchestrators of stem and mature cell dynamics in the bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC, Italy.
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Couasnay G, Madel MB, Lim J, Lee B, Elefteriou F. Sites of Cre-recombinase activity in mouse lines targeting skeletal cells. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1661-1679. [PMID: 34278610 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The Cre/Lox system is a powerful tool in the biologist's toolbox, allowing loss-of-function and gain-of-function studies, as well as lineage tracing, through gene recombination in a tissue-specific and inducible manner. Evidence indicates, however, that Cre transgenic lines have a far more nuanced and broader pattern of Cre activity than initially thought, exhibiting "off-target" activity in tissues/cells other than the ones they were originally designed to target. With the goal of facilitating the comparison and selection of optimal Cre lines to be used for the study of gene function, we have summarized in a single manuscript the major sites and timing of Cre activity of the main Cre lines available to target bone mesenchymal stem cells, chondrocytes, osteoblasts, osteocytes, tenocytes, and osteoclasts, along with their reported sites of "off-target" Cre activity. We also discuss characteristics, advantages, and limitations of these Cre lines for users to avoid common risks related to overinterpretation or misinterpretation based on the assumption of strict cell-type specificity or unaccounted effect of the Cre transgene or Cre inducers. © 2021 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greig Couasnay
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Joohyun Lim
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brendan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Florent Elefteriou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Enzymatic Machinery of Ubiquitin and Ubiquitin-Like Modification Systems in Chondrocyte Homeostasis and Osteoarthritis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2021; 23:62. [PMID: 34216299 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-021-01022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To date, a vast amount of information regarding ubiquitination (Ub) and ubiquitylation-like (Ubl) modification-related mechanisms has been reported in the context of skeletal cell homeostasis and diseases. In this review, we mainly focus on recent findings regarding the contribution of enzymatic machinery that directly adds or removes Ub and Ubl modifications from protein targets in chondrocyte homeostasis and osteoarthritis (OA) development. RECENT FINDINGS Mechanisms that promote homeostasis of articular chondrocytes are crucial for maintaining the integrity of articular joints to prevent osteoarthritis development. Articular chondrocytes are postmitotic cells that continuously produce and remodel cartilage matrix. In addition, the long lifespan of chondrocytes makes them susceptible to accumulating cellular damage. Ub and the evolutionarily conserved Ubl modifications, such as SUMOylation, ATGylation, and UFMylation, play important roles in promoting chondrocyte homeostasis, including regulating cell signaling and protein stability, resolving cellular stresses and inflammation, and maintaining differentiation and survival of chondrocytes. Uncovering new components/functions of Ub/Ubl modification machinery may provide novel drug targets to treat OA.
Collapse
|
24
|
Autophagy-related proteases accompany the transition of pre-chondrogenic cells into chondroblasts. Ann Anat 2021; 239:151781. [PMID: 34144159 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy is classified as a form of programmed cell death. Nevertheless, besides the death-inducing function, autophagy enables removal of damaged organelles, energy savings, and thus cell survival. This applies in particular to cells with poor renewal capabilities, such as chondroblasts. Autophagy is regulated by a complex molecular network, including proteases and their substrates. In autopodium, autophagy-related proteases have been examined particularly within the context of the elimination of the interdigital tissue. However, the death-inducing effects of their expression/activation have not been specified yet. This work focuses on autophagy-associated proteases (cathepsins, matrix metalloproteinases, and caspases) involved in phalangeal cartilage of the mouse autopodium. METHODS PCR Array, Real Time PCR, and immunohistochemistry were used to follow the expression of autophagy-associated genesin vivo at two developmental stages prenatal/embryonic (E)12 vs. E14. Real Time PCR was then applied to investigate the influence of rapamycin (an inductor of autophagy) on the expression of autophagy-associated proteases in chondroblasts in vitro using micromass culture. RESULTS Several proteases showed increased expression levels during the transition of pre-chondrogenic cells into chondroblastsin vivo. The most significant increases were observed for Ctsb (fold regulation 2.22), Ctsd (fold regulation 2.37), Ctss (fold regulation 2.92), Mmp9 (up to 445%), and Casp8 (up to 250%). The transition was associated also with high expression of crucial autophagic inducers, such as Atgs. The in vitro treatment of chondroblasts by autophagy inductor rapamycin showed significantly decreased expression of cathepsins, a mild increase in expression of metalloproteinases, and no effect in caspase expression. CONCLUSIONS The present data provide a screening of autophagy-associated proteases accompanying the formation of cartilage in vivo and specify their expression under rapamycin treatment in vitro. Notably, the selected proteases are assigned to osteoarthritis, therefore their regulation might be used in clinically oriented studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Suzuki A, Iwata J. Amino acid metabolism and autophagy in skeletal development and homeostasis. Bone 2021; 146:115881. [PMID: 33578033 PMCID: PMC8462526 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone is an active organ that is continuously remodeled throughout life via formation and resorption; therefore, a fine-tuned bone (re)modeling is crucial for bone homeostasis and is closely connected with energy metabolism. Amino acids are essential for various cellular functions as well as an energy source, and their synthesis and catabolism (e.g., metabolism of carbohydrates and fatty acids) are regulated through numerous enzymatic cascades. In addition, the intracellular levels of amino acids are maintained by autophagy, a cellular recycling system for proteins and organelles; under nutrient deprivation conditions, autophagy is strongly induced to compensate for cellular demands and to restore the amino acid pool. Metabolites derived from amino acids are known to be precursors of bioactive molecules such as second messengers and neurotransmitters, which control various cellular processes, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. Thus, amino acid metabolism and autophagy are tightly and reciprocally regulated in our bodies. This review discusses the current knowledge and potential links between bone diseases and deficiencies in amino acid metabolism and autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA
| | - Junichi Iwata
- Department of Diagnostic & Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; Center for Craniofacial Research, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77054, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yue S, Su X, Teng J, Wang J, Guo M. Cryptotanshinone interferes with chondrocyte apoptosis in osteoarthritis by inhibiting the expression of miR‑574‑5p. Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:424. [PMID: 33878859 PMCID: PMC8047883 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is an important factor in the development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). Cryptotanshinone (CTS) can inhibit chondrocyte apoptosis, but the specific mechanism remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to explore how CTS may affect chondrocyte apoptosis. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting were used to validate microRNA (miR)-574-5p, YY1-associated factor 2 (YAF2), Bcl-2 and Bax expression levels. H&E, Safranin O and TUNEL staining assays were used to evaluate the apoptosis of arthritic chondrocytes in vivo. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and flow cytometry were performed to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis of chondrocytes in vitro. The methylation level of the miR-574-5p promoter was measured via methylation specific PCR. The degree of chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression levels of YAF2 and Bcl-2 were decreased in the mice with OA, and were increased in the OA + CTS mice, while the expression levels of miR-574-5p and Bax showed opposite changes. Furthermore, the degree of chondrocyte apoptosis and the expression levels of the aforementioned key factors in chondrocytes were consistent with those observed in vivo. The methylation degree of the miR-574-5p promoter was increased by the addition of CTS, and was reduced after the addition of a methylation inhibitor, 5-aza-CdR, indicating that CTS could regulate the methylation of miR-574-5p promoter. The present study suggested that CTS could downregulate the expression of miR-574-5p by regulating its methylation, and thus, could improve YAF2 expression and affect chondrocyte apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songtao Yue
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic‑Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaochuan Su
- Health Management Center, Luoyang Orthopedic‑Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Junyan Teng
- Health Management Center, Luoyang Orthopedic‑Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Jiangyi Wang
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic‑Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| | - Malong Guo
- Department of Osteoarthrosis, Luoyang Orthopedic‑Traumatological Hospital of Henan Province (Henan Provincial Orthopedic Hospital), Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Liu L, Feng Y, Hu S, Li H, Li Y, Ke J, Long X. PDCD4 suppresses autophagy and promotes apoptosis via Akt in chondrocytes of temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis. Oral Dis 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.13559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Yaping Feng
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Shiyu Hu
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Huimin Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Yanyan Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Jin Ke
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (KLOBM) School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| | - Xing Long
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery School and Hospital of Stomatology Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei Province China
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Agas D, Sabbieti MG. Archetypal autophagic players through new lenses for bone marrow stem/mature cells regulation. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:6101-6114. [PMID: 33492700 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The bone marrow landscape consists of specialized and stem/progenitor cells, which coordinate important tissue-related and systemic physiological features. Within the marrow cavity, stem/progenitor and differentiated hematopoietic and skeletal cells congregate into dynamic functional assemblies throughout specific anatomical regions, termed niches. There is a need for better understanding of the bone marrow microareas, through exploration of the intramural physical and molecular interactions of the distinctive cell populations. The elective liaisons established among the mesenchymal/stromal stem cell and hematopoietic stem cell lineage trees play a key role in orchestrating the stem/mature cell behavior and customized hierarchies within bone marrow cell populations. Recently, the autophagic apparatus has been discovered to be an important feature of bone marrow homeostasis. Autophagy-related factors involved in the labyrinthic and highly dynamic bone marrow workshop redesign the niche framework by coordinating the operational schedule of pluripotent stem and mature cells. The following report summarizes the most recent breakthroughs in our understanding of the intramural relationships between bone marrow cells and key autophagic mediators. Doubtless, the consideration of the autophagy-related and unrelated functions of main players, such as p62, Atg7, Atg5, and Beclin-1 remains a compelling task to thoroughly understand the complex relations between the heterogenic cell types that populate bone marrow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Agas
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| | - Maria Giovanna Sabbieti
- School of Biosciences and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Camerino, Macerata, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Guo YF, Su T, Yang M, Li CJ, Guo Q, Xiao Y, Huang Y, Liu Y, Luo XH. The role of autophagy in bone homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:4152-4173. [PMID: 33452680 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process and is considered one of the main catabolism pathways. In the process of autophagy, cells are digested nonselectively or selectively to recover nutrients and energy, so it is regarded as an antiaging process. In addition to the essential role of autophagy in cellular homeostasis, autophagy is a stress response mechanism for cell survival. Here, we review recent literature describing the pathway of autophagy and its role in different bone cell types, including osteoblasts, osteoclasts, and osteocytes. Also discussed is the mechanism of autophagy in bone diseases associated with bone homeostasis, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Finally, we discuss the application of autophagy regulators in bone diseases. This review aims to introduce autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role and therapeutic potential in the pathogenesis of bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tian Su
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mi Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chang-Jun Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qi Guo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ye Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ya Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiang-Hang Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhao X, Chen Y, Wang L, Li X, Chen X, Zhang H. Associations of ATG7 rs1375206 polymorphism and elevated plasma ATG7 levels with late-onset sporadic Parkinson's disease in a cohort of Han Chinese from southern China. Int J Neurosci 2020; 130:1206-1214. [PMID: 32065549 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2020.1731507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: Autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) plays a key role in autophagy and is strongly implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD). This study investigated the associations of rs1375206 polymorphism in ATG7 gene promoter and plasma ATG7 levels with late-onset sporadic PD in a cohort of Han Chinese from southern China.Methods: Variant genotypes were identified using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism and gene sequencing in 124 patients with late-onset sporadic PD, as well as in 105 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Plasma ATG7 levels were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: No significant differences in genotype distributions were found between the two groups. Stratification analyses by sex and clinical motor subtypes revealed that the differences remained non-significant in each subgroup (all p > 0.05). Plasma ATG7 protein levels were significantly higher in the PD group than in the control group (p = 0.000). Haplotype analysis demonstrated that the A-T haplotype was significantly associated with late-onset sporadic PD (p = 0.045).Conclusion: Our study suggests that the rs1375206 polymorphism in ATG7 may not be associated with late-onset sporadic PD; however, high plasma ATG7 levels and the A-T haplotype may be associated with susceptibility to late-onset sporadic PD in the Han population from Zhejiang and Guangdong provinces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiyao Zhao
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yusen Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiangxin Li
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital (Jiande Branch), School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiaoyi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Duan R, Xie H, Liu ZZ. The Role of Autophagy in Osteoarthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:608388. [PMID: 33324654 PMCID: PMC7723985 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.608388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes are the only cell type in normal cartilage. The pathological changes of osteoarthritis (OA) mostly revolve around the apoptosis and dysfunction of chondrocytes. Autophagy, as an intracellular degradation system that maintains the steady state of energy metabolism in cells, has been shown to restore the function of damaged chondrocytes, alleviating the occurrence and progression of OA. In this review, we explored the relationship between autophagy and OA and the key molecules of autophagy pathway that regulate the progression of OA, providing new ideas for OA treatment by targeting autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ran Duan
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Zheng-Zhao Liu
- Movement System Injury and Repair Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Organ Injury, Aging and Regenerative Medicine, Changsha, China.,Hunan Key Laboratory of Bone Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhang H, Kang J, Liu L, Chen L, Ren S, Tao Y. MicroRNA-143 sensitizes acute myeloid leukemia cells to cytarabine via targeting ATG7- and ATG2B-dependent autophagy. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:20111-20126. [PMID: 33077697 PMCID: PMC7655171 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Targeting autophagy holds promise to enhance chemosensitivity in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). MicroRNA-143 (miR-143) has been found to suppress autophagy, however, it is not clear whether miR-143 augments cytarabine cytotoxicity in AML. Here, we report that cytarabine treatment reduces miR-143 expression in AML cell lines and primary AML cells. Moreover, ectopic expression of miR-143 further decreases cell viability in cytarabine-treated AML cells. By contrast, miR-143 knockdown inhibits cytarabine-induced cytotoxicity, together indicating a role of miR-143 in enhancing cytarabine sensitivity in AML. Subsequently, we show that miR-143 inhibits autophagy in cytarabine-treated AML cells by directly targeting autophagy-related proteins (ATG), ATG7 and ATG2B, two critical known components of autophagic machinery. More importantly, autophagy reconstructed via co-expression of ATG7 and ATG2B substantially attenuates miR-143-enhanced cytotoxicity, which is associated with suppression of caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway. Overall, this study demonstrates that targeting ATG7 and ATG2B-dependent autophagy is a critical mechanism by which miR-143 sensitizes AML to cytarabine, implicating it as a potential therapeutic target in AML treatment.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Autophagy/drug effects
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Protein 7/metabolism
- Autophagy-Related Proteins/genetics
- Autophagy-Related Proteins/metabolism
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Caspase 9/metabolism
- Cytarabine/pharmacology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- MicroRNAs/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- U937 Cells
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/genetics
- Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jianmin Kang
- Department of Hematology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- Graduate School, Jining Medical University, Jining 272000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Saisai Ren
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanling Tao
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Affiliated Hospital of Jining Medical University, Jining 272029, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Moss JJ, Hammond CL, Lane JD. Zebrafish as a model to study autophagy and its role in skeletal development and disease. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 154:549-564. [PMID: 32915267 PMCID: PMC7609422 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01917-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the last twenty years, research using zebrafish as a model organism has increased immensely. With the many advantages that zebrafish offer such as high fecundity, optical transparency, ex vivo development, and genetic tractability, they are well suited to studying developmental processes and the effect of genetic mutations. More recently, zebrafish models have been used to study autophagy. This important protein degradation pathway is needed for cell and tissue homeostasis in a variety of contexts. Correspondingly, its dysregulation has been implicated in multiple diseases including skeletal disorders. In this review, we explore how zebrafish are being used to study autophagy in the context of skeletal development and disease, and the ways these areas are intersecting to help identify potential therapeutic targets for skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanna J Moss
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Chrissy L Hammond
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| | - Jon D Lane
- School of Biochemistry, Biomedical Sciences Building, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Su Y, Li M, Wang X, Wang Z, Yi L. Denatured Collagen Could Increase the Autophagy Level and Inhibit Apoptosis of Fibroblasts to Help Cell Survival and Influence Wound Healing. INT J LOW EXTR WOUND 2020; 21:92-99. [PMID: 32517518 DOI: 10.1177/1534734620925942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
When exposed to thermal factors, collagen in the dermis denatures, which could affect the biological behavior of cells. Previous studies have demonstrated that denatured collagen could influence the activity of fibroblasts and induce fibroblasts differentiate into myofibroblasts. However, information on the regulation of fibroblasts by denatured collagen-modulated autophagy and apoptosis during the wound healing process is limited. In this article, we researched the effect of denatured collagen-modulated autophagy and apoptosis on fibroblasts. An in vitro model comprising fibroblasts and denatured collagen was established to identify the potential ability of denatured collagen to modulate autophagy and apoptosis. Western blotting, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, transmission electron microscopy, TUNEL assay, and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine the changes induced by denatured collage. Protein and mRNA levels of LC3 and beclin-1 were significantly increased after stimulated by denatured collagen, while those of caspase-3 were reduced. Unlike stimulation with normal collagen, denatured collagen enhanced autophagy and inhibited apoptosis of fibroblasts. After blocking autophagy using 3-methyladenine, the apoptotic function was increased. Denatured collagen could increase autophagy and inhibit apoptosis of the fibroblasts to promote cell survival and influence wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yidan Su
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Li
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiqiao Wang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yi
- Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Meng Q, Zhang Y, Hu LG. Targeting Autophagy Facilitates T Lymphocyte Migration by Inducing the Expression of CXCL10 in Gastric Cancer Cell Lines. Front Oncol 2020; 10:886. [PMID: 32582551 PMCID: PMC7280490 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a type of cellular catabolic degradation process that occurs in response to nutrient starvation or metabolic stress, and is a valuable resource for highly proliferating cancer cells. Autophagy also facilitates the resistance of cancer cells to antitumor therapies. However, the involvement of autophagy in regulating CXCL10 expression in gastric cancer (GC) cells and T lymphocyte migration remains unclear. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of autophagy inhibition on CXCL10 expression and T lymphocyte infiltration in GC and elucidate the underlying mechanism. Analysis of public databases revealed a positive correlation between CXCL10 expression and both prognosis of patients with GC and the expression profile of T lymphocyte markers in the GCs. Chemotaxis and spheroid infiltration assays revealed that CXCL10 induced T lymphocyte migration and infiltration into GC spheroids, an in vitro three-dimensional cell culture model. In addition, in vitro autophagy inhibition in GC cells increased CXCL10 expression under both normal and hypoxic culture conditions. Further investigation on the underlying mechanism showed that in vitro autophagy inhibition suppressed the JNK signaling pathway and further enhanced CXCL10 expression in GC cells. Collectively, our results provide novel insights for understanding the role of autophagy in regulation of intra-tumor immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qingyuan Meng
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihong Zhang
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Liangbiao George Hu
- Department of Comparative Biology and Safety Science, Amgen Biopharmaceutical R&D (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Cytoprotective Effects of Delphinidin for Human Chondrocytes against Oxidative Stress through Activation of Autophagy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9010083. [PMID: 31963866 PMCID: PMC7022588 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9010083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes are decreased in osteoarthritis (OA) patients, implying the role of oxidative stress in osteoarthritis pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytoprotective effects of delphinidin, a potent antioxidant, in human chondrocytes and the underlying mechanisms. The cytoprotective mechanism induced by delphinidin against oxidative stress (H2O2) in human chondrocytes was investigated. Cell viability and death were evaluated using proapoptotic and antiapoptotic markers such as cleaved caspase-3 (c-caspase-3), cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase N-acetylcysteine (c-PARP), Bcl-XL, and transcription factors associated with redox and inflammation regulation, including nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 (Nrf2). Induction of autophagy was assessed by formation of LC3-II and autophagosome-(LC3 punctate, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) and acridine orange staining) in the presence or absence of an autophagy inhibitor. Treatment with delphinidin itself at concentration below 50 µM for 24 h did not affect viability of chondrocytes. Delphinidin inhibited reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis by significantly decreasing apoptosis markers such as c-caspase-3 and c-PARP while increasing antiapoptotic marker Bcl-XL and antioxidant response NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Delphinidin also activated cytoprotective autophagy to protect chondrocytes during oxidative stresses. Activation of autophagy with autophagy inducer rapamycin also inhibited ROS-induced cell death and decreased proapoptotic proteins but increased antiapoptotic protein Bcl-XL, NF-κB, and Nrf2. Delphinidin can protect chondrocytes against H2O2-induced apoptosis via activation of Nrf2 and NF-κB and protective autophagy. Thus, it can inhibit OA with protection of chondrocytes. Delphinidin can protect chondrocytes against H2O2-induced ROS with maintenance of homeostasis and redox. These results suggest that delphinidin could be used to protect chondrocytes against age-related oxidative stress and other oxidative stresses in the treatment of OA. Thus, delphinidin may play a critical role in preventing the development and progression of OA.
Collapse
|
37
|
Postnatal skeletal growth is driven by the epiphyseal stem cell niche: potential implications to pediatrics. Pediatr Res 2020; 87:986-990. [PMID: 31830758 PMCID: PMC7196937 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-019-0722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Children's longitudinal growth is facilitated by the activity of the growth plates, cartilage discs located near the ends of the long-bones. In order to elongate these bones, growth plates must continuously generate chondrocytes. Two recent studies have demonstrated that there are stem cells and a stem cell niche in the growth plate, which govern the generation of chondrocytes during the postnatal growth period. The niche, which allows stem cells to renew, appears at the same time as the secondary ossification center (SOC) matures into a bone epiphysis. Thus, the mechanism of chondrocyte generation differs substantially between neonatal and postnatal age, i.e., before and after the formation of the mineralized epiphyses. Hence, at the neonatal age bone growth is based on a consumption of chondro-progenitors whereas postnatally it is based on the activity of the stem cell niche. Here we discuss potential implications of these observations in relation to longitudinal growth, including the effects of estrogens, nutrition and growth hormone.
Collapse
|
38
|
Thomas N, Choi HK, Wei X, Wang L, Mishina Y, Guan JL, Liu F. Autophagy Regulates Craniofacial Bone Acquisition. Calcif Tissue Int 2019; 105:518-530. [PMID: 31372669 PMCID: PMC6801085 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-019-00593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence has demonstrated the important role of autophagy in skeletal homeostasis; however, the role of autophagy in craniofacial bone development and acquisition is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the effect of autophagy suppression on craniofacial bone acquisition by deleting Fip200 or Atg5, two essential autophagy genes, using Osterix-Cre (Osx-Cre). We found that the Osx-Cre transgene mildly decreased the bone mass of parietal bone but not frontal bone, and did not affect cranial base bone mass in adult mice. In the cranial vault, Fip200 or Atg5 deletion similarly decreased 50% bone mass of neural crest-derived frontal bone; Atg5 deletion decreased 50% and Fip200 deletion decreased 30% bone mass of mesoderm-derived parietal bone. In the cranial base, Fip200 or Atg5 deletion similarly decreased 30% bone mass of neural crest-derived presphenoid bone; Atg5 deletion decreased 30% and Fip200 deletion decreased 16% bone mass of mesoderm-derive basioccipital bone. Lastly, we used doxycycline treatment to inhibit the Osx-Cre expression until 2 months of age and showed that postnatal Fip200 deletion led to cranial vault bone mass decrease in association with a small increase in both bone volume/tissue volume and tissue mineral density. Altogether, this study demonstrated the important role of autophagy in craniofacial bone acquisition during development and postnatal growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neil Thomas
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Han Kyoung Choi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Xiaoxi Wei
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
- Department of Orthodontics, Jilin University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Changchun, 130021, Jilin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jun-Lin Guan
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45267, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences & Prosthodontics, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Autophagy in bone homeostasis and the onset of osteoporosis. Bone Res 2019; 7:28. [PMID: 31666998 PMCID: PMC6804951 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-019-0058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved intracellular process, in which domestic cellular components are selectively digested for the recycling of nutrients and energy. This process is indispensable for cell homeostasis maintenance and stress responses. Both genetic and functional studies have demonstrated that multiple proteins involved in autophagic activities are critical to the survival, differentiation, and functioning of bone cells, including osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Dysregulation at the level of autophagic activity consequently disturbs the balance between bone formation and bone resorption and mediates the onset and progression of multiple bone diseases, including osteoporosis. This review aims to introduce the topic of autophagy, summarize the understanding of its relevance in bone physiology, and discuss its role in the onset of osteoporosis and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
40
|
Zhou HY, Li Q, Wang JX, Xie YJ, Wang SQ, Lei L, Gao YQ, Huang MM, Hu Y, Xu FY, Zhang C. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound repair in mandibular condylar cartilage injury rabbit model. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 104:60-66. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
|
41
|
Kerins MJ, Liu P, Tian W, Mannheim W, Zhang DD, Ooi A. Genome-Wide CRISPR Screen Reveals Autophagy Disruption as the Convergence Mechanism That Regulates the NRF2 Transcription Factor. Mol Cell Biol 2019; 39:e00037-19. [PMID: 31010806 PMCID: PMC6580702 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00037-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The nuclear factor (erythroid 2)-like 2 (NRF2 or NFE2L2) transcription factor regulates the expression of many genes that are critical in maintaining cellular homeostasis. Its deregulation has been implicated in many diseases, including cancer and metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. While several mechanisms by which NRF2 can be activated have gradually been identified over time, a more complete regulatory network of NRF2 is still lacking. Here we show through a genome-wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) screen that a total of 273 genes, when knocked out, will lead to sustained NRF2 activation. Pathway analysis revealed a significant overrepresentation of genes (18 of the 273 genes) involved in autophagy. Molecular validation of a subset of the enriched genes identified 8 high-confidence genes that negatively regulate NRF2 activity irrespective of cell type: ATG12, ATG7, GOSR1, IFT172, NRXN2, RAB6A, VPS37A, and the well-known negative regulator of NRF2, KEAP1 Of these, ATG12, ATG7, KEAP1, and VPS37A are known to be involved in autophagic processes. Our results present a comprehensive list of NRF2 negative regulators and reveal an intimate link between autophagy and NRF2 regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Wang Tian
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - William Mannheim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Horigome Y, Ida-Yonemochi H, Waguri S, Shibata S, Endo N, Komatsu M. Loss of autophagy in chondrocytes causes severe growth retardation. Autophagy 2019; 16:501-511. [PMID: 31203752 PMCID: PMC6999621 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1628541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrogenesis is accompanied by not only cellular renovation, but also metabolic stress. Therefore, macroautophagy/autophagy is postulated to be involved in this process. Previous reports have shown that suppression of autophagy during chondrogenesis causes mild growth retardation. However, the role of autophagy in chondrocyte differentiation still largely remains unclear. Here, we show the important role of autophagy on chondrogenesis. The transition of mesenchymal cells to chondrocytes was severely impaired by ablation of Atg7, a gene essential for autophagy. Mice lacking Atg7 after the transition exhibited phenotypes severer than mutant mice in which Atg7 was removed before the transition. Atg7-deficient chondrocytes accumulated large numbers of glycogen granules, hardly proliferate and died specifically in the proliferative zone without any ER-stress signal. Our results suggest that the suppression of autophagy in prechondrogenic cells drives compensatory mechanism(s) that mitigate defective chondrogenesis, and that autophagy participates in glycogenolysis to supply glucose in avascular growth plates.Abbreviations: DDIT3/CHOP: DNA damage inducible transcript 3; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; NFE2L2/NRF2: nuclear factor, erythroid derived 2, like 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; STBD1: starch-binding domain-containing protein 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Horigome
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Regeneration and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ida-Yonemochi
- Division of Anatomy and Cell Biology of the Hard Tissue, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Satoshi Waguri
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Hikarigaoka, Japan
| | - Shunichi Shibata
- Department of Maxillofacial Anatomy, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naoto Endo
- Division of Orthopedic Surgery Department of Regeneration and Transplant Medicine, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Department of Biochemistry, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Japan.,Department of Physiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Holzer T, Probst K, Etich J, Auler M, Georgieva VS, Bluhm B, Frie C, Heilig J, Niehoff A, Nüchel J, Plomann M, Seeger JM, Kashkar H, Baris OR, Wiesner RJ, Brachvogel B. Respiratory chain inactivation links cartilage-mediated growth retardation to mitochondrial diseases. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1853-1870. [PMID: 31085560 PMCID: PMC6548139 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201809056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Revised: 01/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Children with mitochondrial diseases often present with slow growth and short stature, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, Holzer et al. provide in vivo evidence that mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction induces cartilage degeneration coincident with altered metabolism, impaired extracellular matrix formation, and cell death at the cartilage–bone junction. In childhood, skeletal growth is driven by transient expansion of cartilage in the growth plate. The common belief is that energy production in this hypoxic tissue mainly relies on anaerobic glycolysis and not on mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) activity. However, children with mitochondrial diseases causing RC dysfunction often present with short stature, which indicates that RC activity may be essential for cartilage-mediated skeletal growth. To elucidate the role of the mitochondrial RC in cartilage growth and pathology, we generated mice with impaired RC function in cartilage. These mice develop normally until birth, but their later growth is retarded. A detailed molecular analysis revealed that metabolic signaling and extracellular matrix formation is disturbed and induces cell death at the cartilage–bone junction to cause a chondrodysplasia-like phenotype. Hence, the results demonstrate the overall importance of the metabolic switch from fetal glycolysis to postnatal RC activation in growth plate cartilage and explain why RC dysfunction can cause short stature in children with mitochondrial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Holzer
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kristina Probst
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julia Etich
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Auler
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Veronika S Georgieva
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Björn Bluhm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Christian Frie
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Juliane Heilig
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Anja Niehoff
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Center for Musculoskeletal Biomechanics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Julian Nüchel
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Plomann
- Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jens M Seeger
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Hamid Kashkar
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology, and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olivier R Baris
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute of Vegetative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Center of Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bent Brachvogel
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Experimental Neonatology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany .,Center for Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Autophagy and Ubiquitin-Proteasome System. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1206:527-550. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-0602-4_25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
45
|
Chaperonin 60 sustains osteoblast autophagy and counteracts glucocorticoid aggravation of osteoporosis by chaperoning RPTOR. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:938. [PMID: 30224697 PMCID: PMC6141469 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0970-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Revised: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoid excess medication interrupts osteoblast homeostasis and exacerbates bone mass and microstructure loss ramping up the pathogenesis of osteoporotic disorders. Heat shock protein 60 (HSP60) is found to maintain protein function within cellular microenvironment upon encountering detrimental stress. In this study, we revealed that supraphysiological dexamethasone decreased HSP60 expression along with deregulated autophagy in osteoblasts cultures. This chaperonin is required to sustain autophagic markers Atg4, and Atg12 expression, LC3-II conversion, and autophagic puncta formation, and alleviated the glucocorticoid-induced loss of osteogenic gene expression and mineralized matrix accumulation. Regulator-associated protein of mTOR complex 1 (RPTOR) existed in HSP60 immunoprecipitate contributing to the HSP60-promoted autophagy and osteogenesis because knocking down RPTOR impaired autophagic influx and osteogenic activity. HSP60 shielded from RPTOR dysfunction by reducing the glucocorticoid-induced RPTOR de-phosphorylation, aggregation, and ubiquitination. In vivo, forced RPTOR expression attenuated the methylprednisolone-induced loss of osteoblast autophagy, bone mass, and trabecular microstructure in mice. HSP60 transgenic mice displayed increased cortical bone, mineral acquisition, and osteoblast proliferation along with higher osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal cells than those of wild-type mice. HSP60 overexpression retained RPTOR signaling, sustained osteoblast autophagy, and compromised the severity of glucocorticoid-induced bone loss and sparse trabecular histopathology. Taken together, HSP60 is essential to maintain osteoblast autophagy, which facilitates mineralized matrix production. It fends off glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast apoptosis and bone loss by stabilizing RPTOR action to autophagy. This study offers a new insight into the mechanistic by which chaperonin protects against the glucocorticoid-induced osteoblast dysfunction and bone loss.
Collapse
|
46
|
Lian WS, Ko JY, Wu RW, Sun YC, Chen YS, Wu SL, Weng LH, Jahr H, Wang FS. MicroRNA-128a represses chondrocyte autophagy and exacerbates knee osteoarthritis by disrupting Atg12. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:919. [PMID: 30206206 PMCID: PMC6134128 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte loss is a prominent feature of osteoarthritis (OA). Autophagy is indispensable in maintaining the metabolic activities of cells exposed to deleterious stress. The contribution of microRNA signaling to chondrocyte autophagy in OA development remains elusive. We uncovered an association between poor autophagy and increased miR-128a expressions in articular chondrocytes of patients with end-stage knee OA and in a rat anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) model for OA development. Cartilage matrix degradation and severe OA histopathology was evident upon forced miR-128a expression within the articular compartment. Intra-articular injections with miR-128a antisense oligonucleotide stabilized chondrocyte autophagy and slowed ACLT-mediated articular tissue destruction, including cartilage erosion, synovitis, osteophyte formation, and subchondral plate damage. In vitro, miR-128 signaling hindered Atg12 expression, LC3-II conversion, and autophagic puncta formation through targeting the 3′-untranslated region of Atg12. It increased apoptotic programs, diminishing cartilage formation capacity of articular chondrocytes. Inactivating histone methyltransferase EZH2 reduced methyl histone H3K27 enrichment in the miR-128a promoter and upregulated miR-128a transcription in inflamed chondrocytes. Taken together, miR-128a-induced Atg12 loss repressed chondrocyte autophagy to aggravate OA progression. EZH2 inactivation caused H3K27 hypomethylation to accelerate miR-128a actions. Interruption of miR-128a signaling attenuated chondrocyte dysfunction and delayed OA development. Our data provide new insights into how miR-128a signaling affects chondrocyte survival and articular cartilage anabolism and highlight the potential of miR-128a targeting therapy to alleviate knee OA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Shiung Lian
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jih-Yang Ko
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Re-Weng Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Sun
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shan Chen
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shin-Long Wu
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Hsiu Weng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Holger Jahr
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. .,Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Feng-Sheng Wang
- Core Laboratory for Phenomics and Diagnostics, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Hong JM, Shin JK, Kim JY, Jang MJ, Park SK, Lee JH, Choi JH, Lee SM. BST106 Protects against Cartilage Damage by Inhibition of Apoptosis and Enhancement of Autophagy in Osteoarthritic Rats. Biol Pharm Bull 2018; 41:1257-1268. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b18-00207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeom-Yong Kim
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Min-Jung Jang
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Sun-Kyu Park
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Jong-Hoon Lee
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | - Jung-Hyo Choi
- GREENCROSS WellBeing Corporation, Research Institute
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang Y, Li N, Jiang W, Deng W, Ye R, Xu C, Qiao Y, Sharma A, Zhang M, Hung MC, Lin SH. Mutant LKB1 Confers Enhanced Radiosensitization in Combination with Trametinib in KRAS-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2018; 24:5744-5756. [PMID: 30068711 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-18-1489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The MEK inhibitor trametinib radiosensitizes KRAS-mutant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and is being tested clinically with chemoradiation. However, variability in response to trametinib suggests that additional pathways are involved. The mechanism of resistance to trametinib radiosensitization is still unknown.Experimental Design: We used a panel of KRAS-mutant NSCLC cells and tested the radiosensitization effects of trametinib by clonogenic survival assay. Then, we investigated the mechanisms underlying the resistance to the combination therapy through several knockout and overexpression systems. Finally, we validated our findings in syngeneic mouse models in a treatment setting that mimicked the standard of care in the clinic.Results: Radiosensitization by trametinib was effective only in KRAS-LKB1-mutated cells with wild-type (WT) p53, and we found that restoring LKB1 expression in those cells blocked that sensitization. Trametinib and radiotherapy both induced senescence in a p53-dependent manner, but in WT LKB1 cells, the combination also activated the AMPK-autophagy pathway to rescue damaged cells from senescence. LKB1-knockout or autophagy inhibition in WT LKB1 cells potentiated trametinib radiosensitization. In syngeneic animal models of Kras-mutant lung tumors, Lkb1-knockout tumors were resistant to trametinib and chemoradiation given separately, but the combination greatly controlled tumor growth and prolonged survival.Conclusions: The LKB1 mutation in KRAS-mutant NSCLC conferred enhanced radiosensitization in combination with trametinib. The WT LKB1 could activate autophagy through AMPK pathway to induce resistance to the combination of trametinib and radiation. The KRAS-LKB1 mutation could potentially be a biomarker to select patients for trametinib and radiotherapy combination therapy. Clin Cancer Res; 24(22); 5744-56. ©2018 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Wang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Rui Ye
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas
| | - Cai Xu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Amrish Sharma
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hebei General Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Mallik A, Yammani RR. Saturated fatty acid palmitate negatively regulates autophagy by promoting ATG5 protein degradation in meniscus cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 502:370-374. [PMID: 29852167 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.05.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and associated metabolic factors are major risk factors for the development of osteoarthritis. Previously, we have shown that the free fatty acid palmitate induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and induces apoptosis in meniscus cells. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these effects are not clearly understood. In our current study, we found that palmitate inhibits autophagy by modulating the protein levels of autophagy-related genes-5 (ATG5) that is associated with decreased lipidation of LC3 and increased activation of cleaved caspase 3. Pretreatment of meniscus cells with 4-phenyl butyric acid, a small molecule chemical chaperone that alleviates ER stress, or with MG-132, a proteasome inhibitor, restored normal levels of ATG5 and autophagosome formation, and decreased expression of cleaved caspase 3. Thus, our data suggest that palmitate downregulates autophagy in meniscus cells by degrading ATG5 protein via ER-associated protein degradation, and thus promotes apoptosis. This is the first study to demonstrate that palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress negatively regulates autophagy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aritra Mallik
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| | - Raghunatha R Yammani
- Section of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Bai Y, Liu C, Fu L, Gong X, Dou C, Cao Z, Quan H, Li J, Kang F, Dai J, Zhao C, Dong S. Mangiferin enhances endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defect by inducing autophagy through activating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway. FASEB J 2018; 32:4573-4584. [PMID: 29547701 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701411r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endochondral ossification is crucial for bone formation in both adult bone repair process and embryo long-bone development. In endochondral ossification, bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) first differentiate to chondrocytes, then BMSC-derived chondrocytes endure a hypertrophic process to generate new bone. Endochondral ossification-based bone repair is a promising strategy to cure massive bone defect, which is a major clinical issue in orthopedics. However, challenges still remain for this novel strategy. One challenge is to ensure the sufficient hypertrophic differentiation. Another is to maintain the survival of the above hypertrophic chondrocytes under the hypoxic environment of massive bone defect. To solve this issue, mangiferin (MAG) was introduced to endochondral ossification-based bone repair. In this report, we proved MAG to be a novel autophagy inducer, which promoted BMSC-derived hypertrophic chondrocyte survival against hypoxia-induced injury through inducing autophagy. Furthermore, MAG enhances hypertrophic differentiation of BMSC-derived chondrocytes via upregulating key hypertrophic markers. Mechanistically, MAG induced autophagy in BMSC-derived chondrocytes by promoting AMPKα phosphorylation. Additionally, MAG balanced the expression of sex-determining region Y-box 9 and runt-related transcription factor 2 to facilitate hypertrophic differentiation. These results indicated that MAG was a potential drug to improve the efficacy of endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defects.-Bai, Y., Liu, C., Fu, L., Gong, X., Dou, C., Cao, Z., Quan, H., Li, J., Kang, F., Dai, J., Zhao, C., Dong, S. Mangiferin enhances endochondral ossification-based bone repair in massive bone defect by inducing autophagy through activating AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Bai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chuan Liu
- Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Institute of Trauma Orthopedics, Army General Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Fu
- Institute of Trauma Orthopedics, The 89th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Weifang, China
| | - Xiaoshan Gong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ce Dou
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhen Cao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongyu Quan
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianmei Li
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Kang
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingjin Dai
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chunrong Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shiwu Dong
- Department of Biomedical Materials Science, School of Biomedical Engineering, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns, and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|