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Badr AM, Alotaibi HN, El-Orabi N. Dibenzazepine, a γ-Secretase Enzyme Inhibitor, Protects Against Doxorubicin-Induced Cardiotoxicity by Suppressing NF-κB, iNOS, and Hes1/Hey1 Expression. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02046-x. [PMID: 39078585 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02046-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an effective chemotherapeutic drug; however, its cardiotoxicity and resistance compromise its therapeutic index. The Notch pathway was reported to contribute to DOX cancer resistance. The role of Notch pathway in DOX cardiotoxicity has not been identified yet. Notch receptors are characterized by their extracellular (NECD) and intracellular (NICD) domains (NICD). The γ-secretase enzyme helps in the release of NICD. Dibenzazepine (DBZ) is a γ-secretase inhibitor. The present study investigated the effect of Notch pathway inhibition on DOX cardiotoxicity. Twenty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control group, DOX group, acute cardiotoxicity was induced by a single dose of DOX (20 mg/kg) i.p., DOX (20 mg/kg) plus DBZ group, and DBZ group. The third and fourth groups received i.p. injection of DBZ daily for 14 days at 2 mg/kg dose. DOX cardiotoxicity increased the level of serum creatine kinase-MB and cardiac troponin I, and it was confirmed by the histopathological examination. Moreover, the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase levels were markedly decreased, and the inflammatory markers, inducible nitric oxide synthase, nuclear factor-ķB, and tumor necrosis factor-α were markedly increased. Furthermore, DOX increased BAX protein and downregulated BCL-2. In addition, DOX upregulated Notch pathway-related parameters: Hes1 and Hey1 mRNA levels, and increased Hes1 protein levels. DBZ ameliorated DOX-induced cardiotoxicity, evidenced by reducing the cardiac injury biomarkers, improving cardiac histopathological changes, correcting antioxidant levels, and reducing inflammatory and apoptotic proteins. Our study indicates the protective effect of Notch inhibitor against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira M Badr
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Hind N Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naglaa El-Orabi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
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2
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Zack SR, Alzoubi O, Satoeya N, Singh KP, Deen S, Nijim W, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Sweiss N, Ivashkiv LB, Shahrara S. Another Notch in the Belt of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2024. [PMID: 38961731 DOI: 10.1002/art.42937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Notch ligands and receptors, including JAG1/2, DLL1/4, and Notch1/3, are enriched on macrophages (MΦs), fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), and/or endothelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) compared with normal synovial tissues (ST). Power Doppler ultrasound-guided ST studies reveal that the Notch family is highly involved in early active RA, especially during neovascularization. In contrast, the Notch family is not implicated during the erosive stage, evidenced by their lack of correlation with radiographic damage in RA ST. Toll-like receptors and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) are the common inducers of Notch expression in RA MΦs, FLS, and endothelial cells. Among Notch ligands, JAG1 and/or DLL4 are most inducible by inflammatory responses in RA MΦs or endothelial cells and transactivate their receptors on RA FLS. TNF plays a central role on Notch ligands, as anti-TNF good responders display JAG1/2 and DLL1/4 transcriptional downregulation in RA ST myeloid cells. In in vitro studies, TNF increases Notch3 expression in MΦs, which is further amplified by RA FLS addition. Specific disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs reduced JAG1 and Notch3 expression in MΦ and RA FLS cocultures. Organoids containing FLS and endothelial cells have increased expression of JAG1 and Notch3. Nonetheless, Methotrexate, interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) antibodies, and B cell blockers are mostly ineffective at decreasing Notch family expression. NF-κB, MAPK, and AKT pathways are involved in Notch signaling, whereas JAK/STATs are not. Although Notch blockade has been effective in RA preclinical studies, its small molecule inhibitors have failed in phase I and II studies, suggesting that alternative strategies may be required to intercept their function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Zack
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Osama Alzoubi
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Neha Satoeya
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kunwar P Singh
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Sania Deen
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wes Nijim
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK, Humanitas University, and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lionel B Ivashkiv
- Hospital for Special Surgery, Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical Sciences, and Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center and The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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3
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Sun J, Du J, Liu X, An J, Hu Y, Wang J, Zhu F, Feng H, Cheng S, Tian H, Mei X, Wu C. Chondroitin sulfate-modified tragacanth gum-gelatin composite nanocapsules loaded with curcumin nanocrystals for the treatment of arthritis. J Nanobiotechnology 2024; 22:270. [PMID: 38769551 PMCID: PMC11104008 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-024-02540-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease of yet undetermined etiology that is accompanied by significant oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, and damage to joint tissues. In this study, we designed chondroitin sulfate (CS)-modified tragacanth gum-gelatin composite nanocapsules (CS-Cur-TGNCs) loaded with curcumin nanocrystals (Cur-NCs), which rely on the ability of CS to target CD44 to accumulate drugs in inflamed joints. Cur was encapsulated in the form of nanocrystals into tragacanth gum-gelatin composite nanocapsules (TGNCs) by using an inborn microcrystallization method, which produced CS-Cur-TGNCs with a particle size of approximately 80 ± 11.54 nm and a drug loading capacity of 54.18 ± 5.17%. In an in vitro drug release assay, CS-Cur-TGNCs showed MMP-2-responsive properties. During the treatment of RA, CS-Cur-TGNCs significantly inhibited oxidative stress, promoted the polarization of M2-type macrophages to M1-type macrophages, and decreased the expression of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). In addition, it also exerted excellent anti-inflammatory effects, and significantly alleviated the swelling of joints during the treatment of gouty arthritis (GA). Therefore, CS-Cur-TGNCs, as a novel drug delivery system, could lead to new ideas for clinical therapeutic regimens for RA and GA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junpeng Sun
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Jiaqun Du
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Xiaobang Liu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Jinyu An
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Yu Hu
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Fu Zhu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Huicong Feng
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China
| | - He Tian
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
- School of Basic Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Xifan Mei
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
| | - Chao Wu
- Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Collaborative Innovation Center of Medical Testing and Drug Development, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, 121001, China.
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Zheng Y, Wei K, Jiang P, Zhao J, Shan Y, Shi Y, Zhao F, Chang C, Li Y, Zhou M, Lv X, Guo S, He D. Macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis: signaling pathways, metabolic reprogramming, and crosstalk with synovial fibroblasts. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1394108. [PMID: 38799455 PMCID: PMC11116671 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1394108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by persistent synovial inflammation and progressive joint destruction. Macrophages are key effector cells that play a central role in RA pathogenesis through their ability to polarize into distinct functional phenotypes. An imbalance favoring pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages over anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages disrupts immune homeostasis and exacerbates joint inflammation. Multiple signaling pathways, including Notch, JAK/STAT, NF-κb, and MAPK, regulate macrophage polarization towards the M1 phenotype in RA. Metabolic reprogramming also contributes to this process, with M1 macrophages prioritizing glycolysis while M2 macrophages utilize oxidative phosphorylation. Redressing this imbalance by modulating macrophage polarization and metabolic state represents a promising therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, complex bidirectional interactions exist between synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS), forming a self-perpetuating inflammatory loop. Macrophage-derived factors promote aggressive phenotypes in FLS, while FLS-secreted mediators contribute to aberrant macrophage activation. Elucidating the signaling networks governing macrophage polarization, metabolic adaptations, and crosstalk with FLS is crucial to developing targeted therapies that can restore immune homeostasis and mitigate joint pathology in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Zheng
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shan
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Shi
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuyu Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Cen Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunshen Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mi Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinliang Lv
- Department of Rheumatology, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Shicheng Guo
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guanghua Clinical Medical College, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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5
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Zack SR, Meyer A, Zanotti B, Volin MV, Deen S, Satoeya N, Sweiss N, Lewis MJ, Pitzalis C, Kitajewski JK, Shahrara S. Notch ligands are biomarkers of anti-TNF response in RA patients. Angiogenesis 2024; 27:273-283. [PMID: 37796367 PMCID: PMC10995106 DOI: 10.1007/s10456-023-09897-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Notch and its ligands play a critical role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) pathogenesis. Hence, studies were conducted to delineate the functional significance of the Notch pathway in RA synovial tissue (ST) cells and the influence of RA therapies on their expression. Morphological studies reveal that JAG1, DLL4, and Notch1 are highly enriched in RA ST lining and sublining CD68+CD14+ MΦs. JAG1 and DLL4 transcription is jointly upregulated in RA MΦs reprogrammed by TLR4/5 ligation and TNF, whereas Syntenin-1 exposure expands JAG1, DLL4, and Notch1 expression levels in these cells. Single-cell RNA-seq data exhibit that JAG1 and Notch3 are overexpressed on all fibroblast-like synoviocyte (FLS) subpopulations, in parallel, JAG2, DLL1, and Notch1 expression levels are modest on RA FLS and are predominately potentiated by TLR4 ligation. Intriguingly, JAG1, DLL1/4, and Notch1/3 are presented on RA endothelial cells, and their expression is mutually reconfigured by TLR4/5 ligation in the endothelium. Synovial JAG1/JAG2/DLL1 or Notch1/3 transcriptomes were unchanged in patients who received disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs) or IL-6R Ab therapy regardless of disease activity score. Uniquely, RA MΦs and endothelial cells rewired by IL-6 displayed DLL4 transcriptional upregulation, and IL-6R antibody treatment disrupted RA ST DLL4 transcription in good responders compared to non-responders or moderate responders. Nevertheless, the JAG1/JAG2/DLL1/DLL4 transcriptome was diminished in anti-TNF good responders with myeloid pathotype and was unaltered in the fibroid pathotype except for DLL4. Taken together, our findings suggest that RA myeloid Notch ligands can serve as markers for anti-TNF responsiveness and trans-activate Notch receptors expressed on RA FLS and/or endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie R Zack
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Anja Meyer
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian Zanotti
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Michael V Volin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA
| | - Sania Deen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Neha Satoeya
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nadera Sweiss
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Myles J Lewis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Costantino Pitzalis
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
- Centre for Experimental Medicine & Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London and Barts NIHR BRC & NHS Trust, London, UK
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jan K Kitajewski
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- University of Illinois Cancer Center, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shiva Shahrara
- Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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Deng T, Xu J, Wang Q, Wang X, Jiao Y, Cao X, Geng Q, Zhang M, Zhao L, Xiao C. Immunomodulatory effects of curcumin on macrophage polarization in rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1369337. [PMID: 38487171 PMCID: PMC10938599 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1369337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by synovial inflammation, cartilage destruction, pannus formation and bone erosion. Various immune cells, including macrophages, are involved in RA pathogenesis. The heterogeneity and plasticity of macrophages render them pivotal regulators of both the induction and resolution of the inflammatory response. Predominantly, two different phenotypes of macrophages have been identified: classically activated M1 macrophages exacerbate inflammation via the production of cytokines, chemokines and other inflammatory mediators, while alternatively activated M2 macrophages inhibit inflammation and facilitate tissue repair. An imbalance in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio is critical during the initiation and progression of RA. Macrophage polarization is modulated by various transcription factors, epigenetic elements and metabolic reprogramming. Curcumin, an active component of turmeric, exhibits potent immunomodulatory effects and is administered in the treatment of multiple autoimmune diseases, including RA. The regulation of macrophage polarization and subsequent cytokine production as well as macrophage migration is involved in the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effect of curcumin on RA. In this review, we summarize the underlying mechanisms by which curcumin modulates macrophage function and polarization in the context of RA to provide evidence for the clinical application of curcumin in RA treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Deng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahe Xu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Wang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Jiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Cao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qishun Geng
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxiao Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Zhao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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7
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Dwivedi SD, Yadav K, Bhoi A, Sahu KK, Sangwan N, Singh D, Singh MR. Targeting Pathways and Integrated Approaches to Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis. Crit Rev Ther Drug Carrier Syst 2024; 41:87-102. [PMID: 38305342 DOI: 10.1615/critrevtherdrugcarriersyst.2023044719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic symmetrical systemic disorder that not only affects joints but also other organs such as heart, lungs, kidney, and liver. Approximately there is 0.5%-1% of the total population affected by RA. RA pathogenesis still remains unclear due to which its appropriate treatment is a challenge. Further, multitudes of factors have been reported to affect its progression i.e. genetic factor, environmental factor, immune factor, and oxidative factor. Therapeutic approaches available for the treatment of RA include NSAIDs, DMARDs, enzymatic, hormonal, and gene therapies. But most of them provide the symptomatic relief without treating the core of the disease. This makes it obligatory to explore and reach the molecular targets for cure and long-term relief from RA. Herein, we attempt to provide extensive overlay of the new targets for RA treatment such as signaling pathways, proteins, and receptors affecting the progression of the disease and its severity. Precise modification in these targets such as suppressing the notch signaling pathway, SIRT 3 protein, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor and stimulating the neuronal signals particularly efferent vagus nerve and SIRT 1 protein may offer long term relief and potentially diminish the chronicity. To target or alter the novel molecules and signaling pathway a specific delivery system is required such as liposome, nanoparticles and micelles and many more. Present review paper discusses in detail about novel targets and delivery systems for treating RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Devi Dwivedi
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Krishna Yadav
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Anita Bhoi
- School of Studies in Biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492 010, India
| | - Keshav Kant Sahu
- School of studies in biotechnology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur (C.G), 492010, India
| | - Neelam Sangwan
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, 123031, India
| | - Deependra Singh
- University Institute of Pharmacy, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India; National Centre for Natural Resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, 492010, India
| | - Manju Rawat Singh
- University Institute of pharmacy, Pt.Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur.(C.G.) 2. National centre for natural resources, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur
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8
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Li C, Liu J, Zhang C, Cao L, Zou F, Zhang Z. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) ameliorates LPS-induced acute lung injury by regulating macrophage M2 polarization through IRF4/miR-132-3p/FBXW7 axis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2023; 83:102249. [PMID: 37648017 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2023.102249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common complication of sepsis. Dihydroquercetin (DHQ) has been found to attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation. However, the effect of DHQ on LPS-challenged ALI remains unclear. METHODS Pulmonary HE and TUNEL staining and lung wet/dry ratio were detected in LPS-treated Balb/c mice. IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were determined utilizing ELISA assay. RAW264.7 cell apoptosis and macrophage markers (CD86, CD206) were tested using flow cytometry. TC-1 viability was analyzed by MTT assay. Western blot measured protein expression of macrophage markers. Interactions of miR-132-3p, IRF4 and FBXW7 were explored utilizing ChIP, RNA pull-down and dual luciferase reporter assays. RESULTS DHQ alleviated histopathological change, pulmonary edema and apoptosis in LPS-treated mice. DHQ affected LPS-induced M2 macrophage polarization and TC-1 cell injury-related indicators, such as decreased cell activity, decreased LDH levels, and increased apoptosis. LPS inhibited IRF4 and miR-132-3p expression, activated Notch pathway and increased FBXW7 level, which were overturned by DHQ. IRF4 transcriptionally activated miR-132-3p expression. FBXW7 was a downstream target of miR-132-3p. CONCLUSION DHQ alleviated LPS-induced lung injury through promoting macrophage M2 polarization via IRF4/miR-132-3p/FBXW7 axis, which provides a new therapeutic strategy for ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Jianhua Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Changhong Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Liang Cao
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Fang Zou
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China
| | - Zhihua Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, 075000, Hebei Province, PR China.
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9
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JIANG J, ZHANG X, LUO Z, SU C, ZHOU H, JIANG Y, XIAO X, CHEN Y, ZHU J. Efficacy of electroacupuncture stimulating Zusanli (ST36) and Xuanzhong (GB39) on synovial angiogenesis in rats with adjuvant arthritis. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2023; 43:955-962. [PMID: 37679983 PMCID: PMC10465822 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.20221111.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA) stimulating Zusanli (ST36) and Xuanzhong (GB39) on synovial angiogenesis in rats with adjuvant arthritis (AA). METHODS AA models were established by bilateral injection of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Three days after injection, rats were given EA at Zusanli (ST36) and Xuanzhong (GB39) acupoints, once every other day, for 16 d. The arthritis index score, paw volume, and hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was performed for each animal. Angiogenesis marker cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34) expression and synovial cell apoptosis in synovial tissue were observed. The levels of Notch1, hairy and enhancer of split homolog-1 (Hes1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) were subsequently detected. RESULTS We found that EA significantly decreased arthritis index scores, paw volume, and HE staining scores. EA could significantly inhibit the expression of CD34, promoting apoptosis of synovial cells in the joint synovial tissue of AA rats. The expression of Notch1 signaling pathway proteins and mRNAs (Notch1, Hes1, TGF-β, and bFGF) were markedly downregulated by EA treatment. CONCLUSIONS These results prove that EA attenuates synovial angiogenesis by inhibiting the Notch1 signaling pathway in AA rat models. Based on our findings, we propose that EA is a promising complementary and alternative therapy in rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianzhen JIANG
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xin ZHANG
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Zhenguo LUO
- 2 Vocational Training Department, Acupuncture and Moxibustion School Affiliated to Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Chengguo SU
- 3 Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Haiyan ZHOU
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yuqing JIANG
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Xianjun XIAO
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
| | - Yunfei CHEN
- 3 Department of Acupuncture, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jun ZHU
- 1 School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, China
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10
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Li B, Wang L, Qi X, Liu Y, Li J, Lv J, Zhou X, Cai X, Shan J, Ma X. NOTCH
signaling inhibition after
DAPT
treatment exacerbates alveolar echinococcosis hepatic fibrosis by blocking
M1
and enhancing
M2
polarization. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22901. [PMID: 37002884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202033r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar echinococcosis (AE) is a lethal helminthic liver disease caused by persistent infection with Echinococcus multilocularis (E. multilocularis). Although more and more attention has been paid to the macrophages in E. multilocularis infection, the mechanism of macrophage polarization, a critical player in liver immunity, is seldom studied. NOTCH signaling is involved in cell survival and macrophage-mediated inflammation, but the role of NOTCH signaling in AE has been equally elusive. In this study, liver tissue samples from AE patients were collected and an E. multilocularis infected mouse model with or without blocking NOTCH signaling was established to analyze the NOTCH signaling, fibrotic and inflammatory response of the liver after E. multilocularis infection. Changes in polarization and origin of hepatic macrophages were analyzed by flow cytometry. In vitro qRT-PCR and Western blot assays were performed to analyze key receptors and ligands in NOTCH signaling. Our data demonstrated that hepatic fibrosis develops after AE, and the overall blockade of NOTCH signaling caused by DAPT treatment exacerbates the levels of hepatic fibrosis and alters the polarization and origin of hepatic macrophages. Blocking NOTCH signaling in macrophages after E. multilocularis infection downregulates M1 and upregulates M2 expression. The downregulation of NTCH3 and DLL-3 in the NOTCH signaling pathway is significant. Therefore, NOTCH3/DLL3 may be the key pathway in NOTCH signaling regulating macrophage polarization affecting fibrosis caused by AE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Xinwei Qi
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Yumei Liu
- Children's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Jiajun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Jie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Xuanlin Cai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Jiaoyu Shan
- College of Basic Medicine of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
| | - Xiumin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Laboratory Center Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
- First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University Urumqi Xinjiang 830011 P.R. China
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11
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Huang L, Xu R, Li W, Lv L, Lin C, Yang X, Yao Y, Saw PE, Xu X. Repolarization of macrophages to improve sorafenib sensitivity for combination cancer therapy. Acta Biomater 2023; 162:98-109. [PMID: 36931417 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Sorafenib is the first line drug for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. However, HCC patients usually acquire resistance to sorafenib treatment within 6 months. Recent evidences have shown that anticancer drugs with antiangiogenesis effect (e.g., sorafenib) can aggravate the hypoxia microenvironment and promote the infiltration of more tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the tumor tissues. Therefore, repolarization of TAMs phenotype could be expected to not only eliminate the influence of TAMs on sorafenib lethality to HCC cells, but also provide an additional anticancer effect to achieve combination therapy. However, immune side effects remain a great challenge due to the non-specific macrophage repolarization in normal tissues. We herein employed a tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive nanoplatform to concurrently transport sorafenib and modified resiquimod (R848-C16). This nanoparticle (NP) platform is made with a TME pH-responsive methoxyl-poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) copolymer. After intravenous administration, the co-delivery NPs could highly accumulate in the tumor tissues and then respond to the TME pH to detach their surface PEG chains. With this PEG detachment to enhance uptake by TAMs and HCC cells, the co-delivery NPs could combinatorially inhibit HCC tumor growth via sorafenib-mediated lethality to HCC cells and R848-mediated repolarization of TAMs into tumoricidal M1-like macrophages. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Anticancer drugs with antiangiogenesis effect (e.g., sorafenib) can aggravate the hypoxia microenvironment and promote the infiltration of more tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) into the tumor tissues to restrict the anticancer effect. In this work, we designed and developed a tumor microenvironment (TME) pH-responsive nanoplatform for systemic co-delivery of sorafenib and resiquimod in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) therapy. These co-delivery NPs show high tumor accumulation and could respond to the TME pH to enhance uptake by TAMs and HCC cells. With the sorafenib-mediated lethality to HCC cells and R848-mediated repolarization of TAMs, the co-delivery NPs show a combinational inhibition of HCC tumor growth in both xenograft and orthotopic tumor models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linzhuo Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Rui Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Weirong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Li Lv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Chunhao Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China
| | - Xianzhu Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou International Campus, Guangzhou 511442, PR China
| | - Yandan Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Phei Er Saw
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China.
| | - Xiaoding Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510120, PR China; Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan 528200, PR China.
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12
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Innate and adaptive immune abnormalities underlying autoimmune diseases: the genetic connections. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2023:10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3. [PMID: 36738430 PMCID: PMC9898710 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-021-2187-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
With the exception of an extremely small number of cases caused by single gene mutations, most autoimmune diseases result from the complex interplay between environmental and genetic factors. In a nutshell, etiology of the common autoimmune disorders is unknown in spite of progress elucidating certain effector cells and molecules responsible for pathologies associated with inflammatory and tissue damage. In recent years, population genetics approaches have greatly enriched our knowledge regarding genetic susceptibility of autoimmunity, providing us with a window of opportunities to comprehensively re-examine autoimmunity-associated genes and possible pathways. In this review, we aim to discuss etiology and pathogenesis of common autoimmune disorders from the perspective of human genetics. An overview of the genetic basis of autoimmunity is followed by 3 chapters detailing susceptibility genes involved in innate immunity, adaptive immunity and inflammatory cell death processes respectively. With such attempts, we hope to expand the scope of thinking and bring attention to lesser appreciated molecules and pathways as important contributors of autoimmunity beyond the 'usual suspects' of a limited subset of validated therapeutic targets.
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13
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Galectin-8 involves in arthritic condylar bone loss via podoplanin/AKT/ERK axis-mediated inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2023; 31:753-765. [PMID: 36702375 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and the immunological response to inflammation. Galectin-8 (Gal-8) regulates pathological lymphangiogenesis but the effects of which on inflammation-related condylar bone loss in temporomandibular joint (TMJ) have not been well studied. DESIGN We used TNFα-transgenic (TNFTG) mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates to compare their inflammatory phenotype in TMJs. Next, lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) were used to examine the effects of which on osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis with or without thiodigalactoside (TDG, a Gal-8 inhibitor) treatment. At last, two murine models (TNFTG arthritic model and forced mouth opening model) were used to explore TDG as a potential drug for the treatment of inflammation-related condylar bone loss. RESULTS In comparison to WT mice, lymphatic areas of lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1)+/podoplanin (PDPN)+ and Gal-8+/PDPN+, TRAP-positive osteoclast number, and condylar bone loss are increased in TNFTG mice. Inhibition of Gal-8 in LECs by TDG, reduces TNFα-induced osteoclast formation, pro-inflammatory factor expression, and inflammatory lymphangiogenesis. In addition, Gal-8 promotes TNFα-activated AKT/ERK/NF-κB pathways by binding to PDPN. Finally, the administration of TDG attenuates inflammatory lymphangiogenesis, inhibits osteoclast activity, and reduces condylar bone loss in TNFTG arthritic mice and forced mouth opening mice. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reveal the important role of Gal-8-promoted pathological lymphangiogenesis in inflammation-related condylar bone loss.
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14
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Heng H, Li D, Su W, Liu X, Yu D, Bian Z, Li J. Exploration of comorbidity mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets of rheumatoid arthritis and pigmented villonodular synovitis using machine learning and bioinformatics analysis. Front Genet 2023; 13:1095058. [PMID: 36685864 PMCID: PMC9853060 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1095058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease. Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) is a tenosynovial giant cell tumor that can involve joints. The mechanisms of co-morbidity between the two diseases have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, this study focused on investigating the functions, immunological differences, and potential therapeutic targets of common genes between RA and PVNS. Methods: Through the dataset GSE3698 obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened by R software, and weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to discover the modules most relevant to the clinical features. The common genes between the two diseases were identified. The molecular functions and biological processes of the common genes were analyzed. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the STRING database, and the results were visualized in Cytoscape software. Two machine learning algorithms, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) logistic regression and random forest (RF) were utilized to identify hub genes and predict the diagnostic efficiency of hub genes as well as the correlation between immune infiltrating cells. Results: We obtained a total of 107 DEGs, a module (containing 250 genes) with the highest correlation with clinical characteristics, and 36 common genes after taking the intersection. Moreover, using two machine learning algorithms, we identified three hub genes (PLIN, PPAP2A, and TYROBP) between RA and PVNS and demonstrated good diagnostic performance using ROC curve and nomogram plots. Single sample Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (ssGSEA) was used to analyze the biological functions in which three genes were mostly engaged. Finally, three hub genes showed a substantial association with 28 immune infiltrating cells. Conclusion: PLIN, PPAP2A, and TYROBP may influence RA and PVNS by modulating immunity and contribute to the diagnosis and therapy of the two diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Heng
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Dazhuang Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenxing Su
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Department of Radiology, Wangjiang Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daojiang Yu
- Department of Plastic and Burn Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College (China National Nuclear Corporation 416 Hospital), Chengdu, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
| | - Zhengjun Bian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China,*Correspondence: Daojiang Yu, ; Zhengjun Bian, ; Jian Li,
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15
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Yang Q, Zhao Z, Zhao W, Chen Y, Chen Y, Shi J, Ni Q, Cao Y, Sun X, Wang H, Yuan H, Wang R, Sun W. A rescue diet raises the plasma calcium concentration and ameliorates rheumatoid arthritis in mice: Role of CaSR-mediated inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. FASEB J 2023; 37:e22673. [PMID: 36468692 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200761rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Calcium modulates bone cell recruitment, differentiation, and function by binding to the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). However, the function of CaSR induced by high extracellular calcium (Ca2+ e ) in the regulation of osteoclast formation in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. Here, we used TNFα-transgenic (TNFTG ) RA mice and their wildtype (WT) littermates fed a normal or a rescue diet (high calcium, high phosphorus, and high lactose diet, termed rescue diet) to compare their joint bone phenotypes. In comparison to TNFTG mice fed the normal diet, articular bone volume and cartilage area are increased, whereas inflamed area, eroded surface, TRAP+ surface, and osteoclast-related genes expression are decreased in TNFTG mice fed the rescue diet. Besides, TNFTG mice fed the rescue diet were found to exhibit more CaSR+ area and less NFATc1+ /TRAP+ area. Furthermore, at normal Ca2+ e concentrations, osteoclast precursors (OCPs) from TNFTG mice formed more osteoclasts than OCPs from WT mice, but the number of osteoclasts gradually decreased when the Ca2+ e concentration increased. Meanwhile, the expression of CaSR increased responding to a high level of Ca2+ e , whereas the expression of NF-κB/NFATc1 signaling molecules decreased. At last, the knockdown of CaSR blocked the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation attributed to high Ca2+ e . Taken together, our findings indicate that high Ca2+ e inhibits osteoclast differentiation in RA mice partially through the CaSR/NF-κB/NFATc1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiudong Yang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziwei Zhao
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Zhao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuyi Chen
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiali Shi
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaoqi Ni
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanan Cao
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruixia Wang
- Department of Dental Implantology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Stomatological Translational Medicine, Nanjing, China
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16
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Filipović M, Flegar D, Šućur A, Šisl D, Kavazović I, Antica M, Kelava T, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Inhibition of Notch Signaling Stimulates Osteoclastogenesis From the Common Trilineage Progenitor Under Inflammatory Conditions. Front Immunol 2022; 13:902947. [PMID: 35865541 PMCID: PMC9294223 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.902947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts, macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs) can be derived from a common trilineage myeloid progenitor of hematopoietic origin. Progenitor commitment is susceptible to regulation through Notch signaling. Our aim was to determine the effects of Notch modulation on trilineage progenitor commitment and functional properties of differentiated cells under inflammatory conditions. We used the conditional inducible CX3CR1CreERT2 mouse strain to achieve overexpression of the Notch 1 intracellular domain (NICD1) or to inhibit Notch signaling via deletion of the transcription factor RBP-J in a bone marrow population, used as a source of the trilineage progenitor (CD45+Ly6G−CD3−B220−NK1.1−CD11b–/loCD115+). Cre-recombinase, under the control of the CX3CR1 promoter, expressed in the monocyte/macrophage lineage, was induced in vitro by 4-hydroxytamoxifen. Differentiation of osteoclasts was induced by M-CSF/RANKL; macrophages by M-CSF; DCs by IL-4/GM-CSF, and inflammation by LPS. Functionally, DCs were tested for the ability to process and present antigen, macrophages to phagocytose E. coli particles, and osteoclasts to resorb bone and express tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP). We found that Notch 1 signal activation suppressed osteoclast formation, whereas disruption of the Notch canonical pathway enhanced osteoclastogenesis, resulting in a higher number and size of osteoclasts. RANK protein and Ctsk gene expression were upregulated in osteoclastogenic cultures from RBP-J+ mice, with the opposing results in NICD1+ mice. Notch modulation did not affect the number of in vitro differentiated macrophages and DCs. However, RBP-J deletion stimulated Il12b and Cd86 expression in macrophages and DCs, respectively. Functional assays under inflammatory conditions confirmed that Notch silencing amplifies TRAP expression by osteoclasts, whereas the enhanced phagocytosis by macrophages was observed in both NICD1+ and RBP-J+ strains. Finally, antigen presentation by LPS-stimulated DCs was significantly downregulated with NICD1 overexpression. This experimental setting allowed us to define a cell-autonomous response to Notch signaling at the trilineage progenitor stage. Although Notch signaling modulation affected the activity of all three lineages, the major effect was observed in osteoclasts, resulting in enhanced differentiation and function with inhibition of canonical Notch signaling. Our results indicate that Notch signaling participates as the negative regulator of osteoclast activity during inflammation, which may be relevant in immune and bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maša Filipović
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Darja Flegar
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Alan Šućur
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Inga Kavazović
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - Tomislav Kelava
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia
- *Correspondence: Danka Grčević,
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17
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Yu C, Liu H, Guo C, Chen Q, Su Y, Guo H, Hou X, Zhao F, Fan H, Xu H, Zhao Y, Mu X, Wang G, Xu H, Chen D. Dextran sulfate-based MMP-2 enzyme-sensitive SR-A receptor targeting nanomicelles for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:454-465. [PMID: 35119317 PMCID: PMC8855847 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2032482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an ordinarily occurring autoimmune disease with systemic inflammatory. Targeted drug delivery systems have many successful applications in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. In order to develop nanoparticles for targeted delivery of Celastrol (Cel) to rheumatoid arthritis and specific drug release, the dextran sulfate (DS) was modified as the targeting molecular by binding to the scavenger receptor of macrophage. The dextran-sulfate-PVGLIG-celastrol (DS-PVGLIG-Cel), named DPC, amphiphilic polymeric prodrug was synthesized and characterized. The resulting DPC@Cel micelles had the average size of 189.9 nm. Moreover, the micelles had ultrahigh entrapment efficiency (about 44.04%) and zeta potential of −11.91 mV. In the in vitro release study, due to the excessive production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) at the inflammatory joint, the MMP-2 reactive peptide was used to crack in the inflammatory microenvironment to accelerate the release of Cel. The results have shown that the nanoparticles can effectively deliver Cel to activated macrophages and significantly improve the bioavailability. In vivo experiments showed that DPC@Cel have better anti-rheumatoid arthritis effects and lower systemic toxicity than free Cel. This study provided a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caiwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Chunjing Guo
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yanguo Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoya Hou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Huaying Fan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Hui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Mu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
| | - Guohua Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haiyu Xu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Daquan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai, P. R. China
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18
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Crum RJ, Hall K, Molina CP, Hussey GS, Graham E, Li H, Badylak SF. Immunomodulatory matrix-bound nanovesicles mitigate acute and chronic pristane-induced rheumatoid arthritis. NPJ Regen Med 2022; 7:13. [PMID: 35110573 PMCID: PMC8810774 DOI: 10.1038/s41536-022-00208-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation and destruction of synovial joints affecting ~7.5 million people worldwide. Disease pathology is driven by an imbalance in the ratio of pro-inflammatory vs. anti-inflammatory immune cells, especially macrophages. Modulation of macrophage phenotype, specifically an M1 to M2, pro- to anti-inflammatory transition, can be induced by biologic scaffold materials composed of extracellular matrix (ECM). The ECM-based immunomodulatory effect is thought to be mediated in part through recently identified matrix-bound nanovesicles (MBV) embedded within ECM. Isolated MBV was delivered via intravenous (i.v.) or peri-articular (p.a.) injection to rats with pristane-induced arthritis (PIA). The results of MBV administration were compared to intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of methotrexate (MTX), the clinical standard of care. Relative to the diseased animals, i.p. MTX, i.v. MBV, and p.a. MBV reduced arthritis scores in both acute and chronic pristane-induced arthritis, decreased synovial inflammation, decreased adverse joint remodeling, and reduced the ratio of synovial and splenic M1 to M2 macrophages (p < 0.05). Both p.a. and i.v. MBV reduced the serum concentration of RA and PIA biomarkers CXCL10 and MCP-3 in the acute and chronic phases of disease (p < 0.05). Flow-cytometry revealed the presence of a systemic CD43hi/His48lo/CD206+, immunoregulatory monocyte population unique to p.a. and i.v. MBV treatment associated with disease resolution. The results show that the therapeutic efficacy of MBV is equal to that of MTX for the management of acute and chronic pristane-induced arthritis and, further, this effect is associated with modulation of local synovial macrophages and systemic myeloid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael J Crum
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Kelsey Hall
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Catalina Pineda Molina
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - George S Hussey
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.,ECM Therapeutics, Inc., 118 Marshall Dr., Warrendale, PA, 15086, USA
| | - Emma Graham
- Musculoskeletal Growth and Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 206, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Hongshuai Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, University of Iowa, 25 Grand Ave, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Stephen F Badylak
- McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Suite 300, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA. .,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Presbyterian Hospital, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA. .,ECM Therapeutics, Inc., 118 Marshall Dr., Warrendale, PA, 15086, USA. .,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, 3700 O'Hara Street, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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19
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Fathollahi A, Samimi LN, Akhlaghi M, Jamshidi A, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. The role of NK cells in rheumatoid arthritis. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:1063-1073. [PMID: 34580740 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01504-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Natural killer (NK) cells are part of the innate immune system which not only provides a primary response to pathogenic conditions but can also play an important regulatory role in immune responses. Furthermore, these cells can influence immune responses by affecting other involved cells. Human NK cells can be classified as CD56dim and CD56bright; the former demonstrates mostly cytotoxic effects, while the latter comprises mostly tolerant or regulatory NK cells. These cells participate in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and their role remains still unclear. METHODS We searched PubMed/MEDLINE and Scopus databases to review and analyze relevant literature on the impact of NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA. RESULTS Although the percentage of NK cells increases in peripheral blood of RA patients compared to healthy individuals, the cytotoxic function of these cells is impaired. It is demonstrated by reduced "perforin+ NK cells" and decreased per-cell lytic function. These cytotoxic NK cells may control the pathogenic bone absorptive function of osteoclasts by directly targeting these cells. CONCLUSION Collectively, the evidence collected in the current review emphasizes the possible protective role of CD56dim NK cells in the pathogenesis of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwar Fathollahi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Nejatbakhsh Samimi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Maassoumeh Akhlaghi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmadreza Jamshidi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran.,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Kargar Ave., Tehran, Iran. .,Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Mukai M, Uchida K, Okubo T, Takano S, Matsumoto T, Satoh M, Inoue G, Takaso M. Regulation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α by Peptide Lv in Bone Marrow Macrophages and Synovium. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:702126. [PMID: 34386509 PMCID: PMC8353113 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.702126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Bone marrow-derived monocytes/macrophages are recruited into synovial tissue, where they contribute to synovial inflammation in osteoarthritis through inflammatory cytokine production. Recent studies have suggested that V-Set and transmembrane domain-containing 4 (VSTM4) and its fragment, peptide Lv, exhibit immunosuppressive activity on T cells and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-like activity, respectively. Given that evidence suggests that VEGF may play a role in macrophage function, we investigated peptide Lv-mediated regulation of inflammatory cytokines in bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and synovial inflammation. Method: To investigate the effects of peptide Lv, BMMs were stimulated with vehicle, LPS, or LPS + peptide Lv, and Tnfa, Il1b, Il6, and Ifng expression were evaluated using quantitative PCR (qPCR). TNF-α and IFN-γ production was measured using ELISA. To examine the effect of peptide Lv deficiency on macrophages and synovitis, peptide Lv-deficient mice were generated using genome editing. LPS-induced Tnfa and Ifng expression and TNF-α and IFN-γ production were evaluated in BMM isolated from wild-type and peptide Lv-deficient mice. Additionally, Tnfa and Ifng expression levels were compared between wild-type and peptide Lv-deficient mice before and after knee injury. Results: Peptide Lv suppressed the LPS-mediated elevation in TNF-α and IFN-γ. LPS stimulation significantly increased TNF-α and IFN-γ production in BMM derived from peptide Lv-deficient mice compared to wild-type mice. Synovial TNF-α expression in the injured knee was elevated in peptide Lv-deficient compared to wild-type mice. Conclusion: Peptide Lv suppressed TNF-α in macrophages and plays a role in synovial inflammation. Thus, peptide Lv may be a useful therapeutic target for synovitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manabu Mukai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Kentaro Uchida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan.,Shonan University of Medical Sciences Research Institute, Chigasaki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okubo
- Department of Laboratory Animal Science, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Shotaro Takano
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Toshihide Matsumoto
- Department of Pathology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Satoh
- Department of Immunology, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Gen Inoue
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
| | - Masashi Takaso
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Japan
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21
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Wu CY, Yang HY, Huang JL, Lai JH. Signals and Mechanisms Regulating Monocyte and Macrophage Activation in the Pathogenesis of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157960. [PMID: 34360720 PMCID: PMC8347893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mos) and macrophages (Mφs) are key players in the innate immune system and are critical in coordinating the initiation, expansion, and regression of many autoimmune diseases. In addition, they display immunoregulatory effects that impact inflammation and are essential in tissue repair and regeneration. Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is an umbrella term describing inflammatory joint diseases in children. Accumulated evidence suggests a link between Mo and Mφ activation and JIA pathogenesis. Accordingly, topics regarding the signals and mechanisms regulating Mo and Mφ activation leading to pathologies in patients with JIA are of great interest. In this review, we critically summarize recent advances in the understanding of how Mo and Mφ activation is involved in JIA pathogenesis and focus on the signaling pathways and mechanisms participating in the related cell activation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Yi Wu
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Huang-Yu Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Long Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan; (C.-Y.W.); (J.-L.H.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital, New Taipei City 236, Taiwan
| | - Jenn-Haung Lai
- Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- National Defense Medical Center, Graduate Institute of Medical Science, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +886-2-8791-8382
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22
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Li S, Su J, Cai W, Liu JX. Nanomaterials Manipulate Macrophages for Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:699245. [PMID: 34335264 PMCID: PMC8316763 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.699245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, progressive, and systemic inflammatory autoimmune disease, characterized by synovial inflammation, synovial lining hyperplasia and inflammatory cell infiltration, autoantibody production, and cartilage/bone destruction. Macrophages are crucial effector cells in the pathological process of RA, which can interact with T, B, and fibroblast-like synovial cells to produce large amounts of cytokines, chemokines, digestive enzymes, prostaglandins, and reactive oxygen species to accelerate bone destruction. Therefore, the use of nanomaterials to target macrophages has far-reaching therapeutic implications for RA. A number of limitations exist in the current clinical therapy for patients with RA, including severe side effects and poor selectivity, as well as the need for frequent administration of therapeutic agents and high doses of medication. These challenges have encouraged the development of targeting drug delivery systems and their application in the treatment of RA. Recently, obvious therapeutic effects on RA were observed following the use of various types of nanomaterials to manipulate macrophages through intravenous injection (active or passive targeting), oral administration, percutaneous absorption, intraperitoneal injection, and intra-articular injection, which offers several advantages, such as high-precision targeting of the macrophages and synovial tissue of the joint. In this review, the mechanisms involved in the manipulation of macrophages by nanomaterials are analyzed, and the prospect of clinical application is also discussed. The objective of this article was to provide a reference for the ongoing research concerning the treatment of RA based on the targeting of macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China.,College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Jin Su
- College Pharmacy, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Wei Cai
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Antibody-based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan University of Medicine, Huaihua, China
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23
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Inoue M, Matsumoto C, Nakajima K, Kuroshima S, Sawase T. Alendronate/dexamethasone combination therapy worsens soft and hard tissue wound healing around implants in rat maxillae. Bone 2021; 148:115942. [PMID: 33836307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2021.115942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dental implant treatment in patients prescribed medications is associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) around the implants. However, there is no scientific information on how bisphosphonate and/or steroid therapies affect wound healing around implants after implant placement. The aim of this study was to histopathologically and immunopathologically investigate the effects of bisphosphonate and/or steroid therapy on the early stages of soft and hard tissue wound healing around implants in rat maxillae. Eight-week-old female Wistar rats were used. Alendronate (ALN) monotherapy, dexamethasone (DEX) monotherapy, and ALN/DEX combination therapy were started 4 weeks after tooth extraction of right maxillary first molars. Saline was used as a control (n = 14/group). Implant placement was carried out after grossly and manually confirming no open wounds at 16 weeks post-extraction. Euthanasia was performed at 18 weeks post-extraction. Microcomputed tomography, histological stains and immunostaining to detect blood vessels and macrophages were performed to quantitatively analyze wound healing around implants. ALN/DEX combination therapy significantly increased necrotic bone with more empty lacunae and polymorphonuclear cell infiltration with open wounds when compared with all other therapy groups. Necrotic bone was broadly distributed from the crestal bone to the lower area near the apex of the implants in the ALN/DEX group. Interestingly, both ALN/DEX combination therapy and DEX monotherapy significantly increased the number of CD68+NG2- macrophages, whereas only ALN/DEX combination therapy, not DEX monotherapy, significantly shifted the M1/M2 ratio to M1 by significant increases in M1 macrophages and unchanged M2 macrophages in the connective tissue around implants. Within the limitations of this study, these findings may contribute to understanding the early stages of the histopathology and immunopathology of BRONJ-like lesions around dental implants. Continuous accumulation of M1 macrophages without alteration of M2 macrophages may be associated with developing BRONJ around implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaya Inoue
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Chihaya Matsumoto
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Ohu University School of Dentistry, Koriyama 963-8611, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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24
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Punicalagin ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis by downregulating M1 macrophage and pyroptosis via NF-κB signaling pathway. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2021; 65:588-603. [PMID: 34125371 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1939-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease that eventually leads to disability. Inflammatory cell infiltration, severe joint breaking and systemic bone loss are the main clinical symptoms. In this study, we established a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model and found a large number of M1 macrophages and pyroptosis, which are important sources of proinflammatory cytokines. Punicalagin (PUN) is an active substance extracted from pomegranate peel. We found that it inhibited joint inflammation, cartilage damage and systemic bone destruction in CIA mice. PUN effectively alleviated the high expression of inflammatory cytokines in synovial tissue in vivo. PUN treatment shifted macrophages from the M1 phenotype to the M2 phenotype after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon (IFN)-γ. The expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and other proinflammatory cytokines released by M1 macrophages was decreased in the PUN treatment group. However, simultaneously, the expression of markers of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages, such as arginase (Arg)-1 and interleukin (IL)-10, was increased. In addition, PUN treatment attenuated pyroptosis by downregulating the expression of NLRP3 and caspase-1, thereby preventing inflammatory cell death resulting from the release of IL-1β and IL-18. Mechanistically, PUN inhibited the activation of receptor activators of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway, which contributes to M1 polarization and pyroptosis of macrophages. We concluded that PUN ameliorated pathological inflammation by inhibiting M1 phenotype polarization and pyroptosis and has great potential as a therapeutic treatment for human RA.
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25
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Wang B, Dong J, Xu J, Qiu Z, Yao F. Ginsenoside CK inhibits obese insulin resistance by activating PPARγ to interfere with macrophage activation. Microb Pathog 2021; 157:105002. [PMID: 34051328 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is often accompanied by chronic low-grade inflammation, which aggravates the disorder of lipid metabolism and leads to insulin resistance (IR). Macrophage activation plays an important role in inflammation. Ginsenoside Compound K (CK) is an active metabolite of ginsenoside Rb1, which is adopting to an anti-inflammatory effective substance. In order to clarify the mechanism of ginsenoside CK on the regulation of macrophage activation in adipose tissue, the macrophage model was incubated with the supernatant of hypertrophic adipocytes, and the co-culture models of Raw264.7 and 3T3-L1 were established. The levels of related cytokines, macrophage polarization and protein expression in inflammatory signaling pathway were measured. The results showed that ginsenoside CK significantly inhibited the increase of MCP-1 and TNF-α induced by the supernatant of hypertrophic adipocytes, promoted the expression of IL-10, inhibited the activation of inflammatory macrophages and increased the expression of anti-inflammatory macrophages. Similarly, ginsenoside CK inhibited the migration of Raw264.7, blocked the activation of NF-κB, and up-regulated the expression of PPARγ. In addition, ginsenoside CK also promotes the expression of IRS-1 in insulin signal pathway. The experimental results proved that ginsenoside CK plays a crucial role in alleviating inflammation and insulin resistance in obesity, and inhibits macrophage activation through the key protein PPARγ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchum, 130117. China
| | - Jinxiang Dong
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchum, 130117. China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchum, 130117. China
| | - Zhidong Qiu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchum, 130117. China.
| | - Fan Yao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchum, 130117. China.
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26
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Shen P, Chen Y, Luo S, Fan Z, Wang J, Chang J, Deng J. Applications of biomaterials for immunosuppression in tissue repair and regeneration. Acta Biomater 2021; 126:31-44. [PMID: 33722787 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The immune system plays an essential role in tissue repair and regeneration. Regardless of innate or adaptive immune responses, immunosuppressive strategies such as macrophage polarization and regulatory T (Treg) cell induction can be used to modulate the immune system to promote tissue repair and regeneration. Biomaterials can improve the production of anti-inflammatory macrophages and Treg cells by providing physiochemical cues or delivering therapeutics such as cytokines, small molecules, microRNA, growth factors, or stem cells in the damaged tissues. Herein, we present an overview of immunosuppressive modulation by biomaterials in tissue regeneration and highlight the mechanisms of macrophage polarization and Treg cell induction. Overall, we foresee that future biomaterials for regenerative strategies will entail more interactions between biomaterials and the immune cells, and more mechanisms of immunosuppression related to T cell subsets remain to be discovered and applied to develop novel biomaterials for tissue repair and regeneration. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Immunosuppression plays a key role in tissue repair and regeneration, and biomaterials can interact with the immune system through their biological properties and by providing physiochemical cues. Here, we summarize the studies on biomaterials that have been used for immunosuppression to facilitate tissue regeneration. In the first part of this review, we demonstrate the crucial role of macrophage polarization and induction of T regulatory (Treg) cells in immunosuppression. In the second part, distinct approaches used by biomaterials to induce immunosuppression are introduced, which show excellent performance in terms of promoting tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanxin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Fan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jilong Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiang Chang
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China; State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Deng
- Engineering Research Center of Clinical Functional Materials and Diagnosis & Treatment Devices of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, China.
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Christopoulos PF, Gjølberg TT, Krüger S, Haraldsen G, Andersen JT, Sundlisæter E. Targeting the Notch Signaling Pathway in Chronic Inflammatory Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:668207. [PMID: 33912195 PMCID: PMC8071949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.668207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway regulates developmental cell-fate decisions and has recently also been linked to inflammatory diseases. Although therapies targeting Notch signaling in inflammation in theory are attractive, their design and implementation have proven difficult, at least partly due to the broad involvement of Notch signaling in regenerative and homeostatic processes. In this review, we summarize the supporting role of Notch signaling in various inflammation-driven diseases, and highlight efforts to intervene with this pathway by targeting Notch ligands and/or receptors with distinct therapeutic strategies, including antibody designs. We discuss this in light of lessons learned from Notch targeting in cancer treatment. Finally, we elaborate on the impact of individual Notch members in inflammation, which may lay the foundation for development of therapeutic strategies in chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Torleif T. Gjølberg
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Eye Research and Department of Ophthalmology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stig Krüger
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Guttorm Haraldsen
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Terje Andersen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Department of Pharmacology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eirik Sundlisæter
- Department of Pathology, University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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28
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Carbon Nanotubes-Potent Carriers for Targeted Drug Delivery in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13040453. [PMID: 33801590 PMCID: PMC8066293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13040453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Two types of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), HiPco- and carboxyl-SWCNT, are evaluated as drug carriers for the traditional anti-inflammatory drug methotrexate (MTX) and a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting NOTCH1 gene. The nanotubes are solubilized by PEGylation and covalently loaded with MTX. The coupling efficiency (CE%) of MTX is 77–79% for HiPco-SWCNT and 71–83% for carboxyl-SWCNT. siRNA is noncovalently attached to the nanotubes with efficiency of 90–97% for HiPco-SWCNT and 87–98% for carboxyl-SWCNT. Through whole body imaging in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II window, 1000–1700 nm), SWCNTs were found to be selectively accumulated in inflamed joints in a serum transfer mouse model. We further investigated the interactions of the siRNA/MTX loaded nanotubes with human blood and mice bone marrow cells. In human blood, both types of unloaded SWCNTs were associated with B cells, monocytes and neutrophils. Interestingly, loading with MTX suppressed SWCNTs targeting specificity to immune cells, especially B cells; in contrast, loading siRNA alone enhanced the targeting specificity. Loading both MTX and siRNA to carboxyl-SWCNT enhanced targeting specificity to neutrophils and monocytes but not B cells. The targeting specificity of SWCNTs can potentially be adjusted by altering the ratio of MTX and siRNA loaded. The combined results show that carbon nanotubes have the potential for delivery of cargo drugs specifically to immune cells involved in rheumatoid arthritis.
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29
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Orchestrated modulation of rheumatoid arthritis via crosstalking intracellular signaling pathways. Inflammopharmacology 2021; 29:965-974. [PMID: 33740220 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00800-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell signaling is considered a part of a network for communication that regulates basic cellular activities. The ability of cells to communicate correctly to the surrounding environment has an important role in development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Dysregulated activation and crosstalk between many intracellular signaling pathways are implicated in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), such as the Janus Kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT), Toll-like receptor/nuclear factor kappa B (TLR/NF-κB), phosphatidylinositide-3Kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI-3K/AKT/mTOR), the stress activated protein kinase/mitogen-activated protein kinase (SAPK/MAPK), and spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) pathways. Other interrelated pathways that can be targeted to halt the inflammatory status in the disease are purinergic 2X7 receptor (P2X7R)/nucleotide binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 or inflammasome (NLRP-3)/NF-κB and Notch pathways. In this review, we will show the orchestrated modulation in the pathogenesis of RA via the crossregulation between dysregulated signaling pathways which can mediate a sustained loop of activation for these signaling pathways as well as aggrevate the inflammatory condition. Also, this review will highlight many targets that can be useful in the development of more effective therapeutic options.
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30
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Fan D, Xia Y, Lu C, Ye Q, Xi X, Wang Q, Wang Z, Wang C, Xiao C. Regulatory Role of the RNA N 6-Methyladenosine Modification in Immunoregulatory Cells and Immune-Related Bone Homeostasis Associated With Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:627893. [PMID: 33553167 PMCID: PMC7859098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.627893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease for which the etiology has not been fully elucidated. Previous studies have shown that the development of RA has genetic and epigenetic components. As one of the most highly abundant RNA modifications, the N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification is necessary for the biogenesis and functioning of RNA, and modification aberrancies are associated with various diseases. However, the specific functions of m6A in the cellular processes of RA remain unclear. Recent studies have revealed the relationship between m6A modification and immune cells associated with RA. Therefore, in this review, we focused on discussing the functions of m6A modification in the regulation of immune cells and immune-related bone homeostasis associated with RA. In addition, to gain a better understanding of the progress in this field of study and provide the proper direction and suggestions for further study, clinical application studies of m6A modification were also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Fan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Xia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qinbin Ye
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- Clinical Medical School (China-Japan Friendship Hospital), Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Laboratory for Bone and Joint Diseases, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chengyuan Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Xiao
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.,Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.,Department of Emergency, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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31
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Pagliaro L, Marchesini M, Roti G. Targeting oncogenic Notch signaling with SERCA inhibitors. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:8. [PMID: 33407740 PMCID: PMC7789735 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-020-01015-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
P-type ATPase inhibitors are among the most successful and widely prescribed therapeutics in modern pharmacology. Clinical transition has been safely achieved for H+/K+ ATPase inhibitors such as omeprazole and Na+/K+-ATPase inhibitors like digoxin. However, this is more challenging for Ca2+-ATPase modulators due to the physiological role of Ca2+ in cardiac dynamics. Over the past two decades, sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) modulators have been studied as potential chemotherapy agents because of their Ca2+-mediated pan-cancer lethal effects. Instead, recent evidence suggests that SERCA inhibition suppresses oncogenic Notch1 signaling emerging as an alternative to γ-secretase modulators that showed limited clinical activity due to severe side effects. In this review, we focus on how SERCA inhibitors alter Notch1 signaling and show that Notch on-target-mediated antileukemia properties of these molecules can be achieved without causing overt Ca2+ cellular overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Pagliaro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Marchesini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanni Roti
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126, Parma, Italy.
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32
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Tamaki S, Kuroshima S, Hayano H, Nakajima K, Kakehashi H, Ishisaki A, Sawase T. Dynamic polarization shifting from M1 to M2 macrophages in reduced osteonecrosis of the jaw-like lesions by cessation of anti-RANKL antibody in mice. Bone 2020; 141:115560. [PMID: 32730924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Denosumab-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (DRONJ), which mainly occurs in cancer patients receiving anti-receptor activator NF-kappaB ligand (RANKL) antibody, reduces oral health-related quality of life. However, the exact mechanisms of and definitive treatment strategies for DRONJ remain unknown. We hypothesized that cessation of denosumab heals and/or ameliorates DRONJ, since it is a protein-based antibody agent, although stopping denosumab should be avoided in clinical situations. Therefore, the aims of this study were: 1) to create a healing and/or amelioration murine model of DRONJ-like lesions induced by chemotherapy/anti-RANKL antibody (mAb) combination therapy and tooth extraction; and 2) to investigate histopathology and immunopathology in the extraction sockets by comparing the murine model of DRONJ-like lesions with the amelioration/healing model of DRONJ-like lesions. Eight-week-old, female C57B/6J mice received chemotherapeutic drug (cyclophosphamide: CY) and mAb combination therapy (CY/mAb) with tooth extraction. Open wounds were sustained in CY/mAb-treated mice at 2 and 4 weeks post-extraction. Impaired socket healing was diagnosed as CY/mAb-related ONJ-like lesions at 3 weeks post-extraction in this study. Next, mAb was discontinued for 2 and 4 weeks after diagnosis of CY/mAb-related ONJ-like lesions. mAb cessation for 2 weeks induced partial osseous wound healing and significantly improved soft tissue wound healing of the extraction sockets. Anti-angiogenesis and normal lymphangiogenesis with CY/mAb combination therapy was not changed by mAb discontinuation. However, mAb cessation for 2 weeks significantly increased the number of CD38+F4/80+ M1 and CD163+F4/80+ M2 macrophages, which significantly increased the M2/M1 ratio in the connective tissue of extraction sockets. No direct effects of mAb on macrophages were noted both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, the developed healing and/or amelioration murine model of CY/mAb-related ONJ-like lesions is a useful tool to investigate the histopathology and immunopathology of DRONJ in humans. Dynamic polarization shifting from M1 to M2 macrophages induced by mAb cessation may play an important role in wound healing, rather than angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis, in DRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saki Tamaki
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Shinichiro Kuroshima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Hayano
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nakajima
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
| | - Hiroe Kakehashi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnosis and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Akira Ishisaki
- Division of Cellular Biosignal Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iwate Medical University, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, Japan
| | - Takashi Sawase
- Department of Applied Prosthodontics, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852-8588, Japan
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33
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Yu J, Canalis E. Notch and the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Bone 2020; 138:115474. [PMID: 32526405 PMCID: PMC7423683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Notch 1 through 4 are transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cell differentiation and function; this review addresses the role of Notch signaling in osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption. Notch receptors are activated following interactions with their ligands of the Jagged and Delta-like families. In the skeleton, Notch signaling controls osteoclast differentiation and bone-resorbing activity either directly acting on osteoclast precursors, or indirectly acting on cells of the osteoblast lineage and cells of the immune system. NOTCH1 inhibits osteoclastogenesis, whereas NOTCH2 enhances osteoclast differentiation and function by direct and indirect mechanisms. NOTCH3 induces the expression of RANKL in osteoblasts and osteocytes and as a result induces osteoclast differentiation. There is limited expression of NOTCH4 in skeletal cells. Selected congenital disorders and skeletal malignancies are associated with dysregulated Notch signaling and enhanced bone resorption. In conclusion, Notch signaling is a critical pathway that controls osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation and function and regulates skeletal homeostasis in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungeun Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; Medicine, UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, Farmington, CT 06030, USA; UConn Musculoskeletal Institute, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.
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34
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Xiao H, Guo Y, Li B, Li X, Wang Y, Han S, Cheng D, Shuai X. M2-Like Tumor-Associated Macrophage-Targeted Codelivery of STAT6 Inhibitor and IKKβ siRNA Induces M2-to-M1 Repolarization for Cancer Immunotherapy with Low Immune Side Effects. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:1208-1222. [PMID: 32724855 PMCID: PMC7379385 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b01235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) usually display the tumor-promoting M2 phenotype rather than the tumoricidal M1 phenotype. Thus, M2-to-M1 repolarization of TAMs has emerged as a promising strategy for tumor immunotherapy nowadays. However, immune side effects remain a great challenge, because phenotypic conversion of macrophages into the proinflammatory M1 phenotype may also be induced in normal tissue. Here, aiming at repolarizing TAMs without altering the M1/M2 polarization balance in healthy organs, we develop a micellar nanodrug with M2-targeting peptides (M2peptide) hidden in the pH-sheddable PEG corona so that an active targeting of M2-like macrophages is triggered only in the acidic tumor microenvironment (TME). The smart nanodrug effectively functions M2-to-M1 repolarization via M2-targeted codelivery of IKKβ siRNA and STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 (AS), which suppresses the tumor growth and metastasis. Moreover, immune side effects are reduced because the neutral-pH environment in healthy organs does not trigger a "stealth-to-nonstealth" conversion of the nanodrug essential for M2-targeted drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiao
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yu Guo
- Department
of Oncology and General Surgery, The First
Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Bo Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yong Wang
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Shisong Han
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Du Cheng
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xintao Shuai
- College
of Chemistry and Materials Science, Jinan
University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- PCFM
Lab of Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- E-mail:
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35
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Wang H, Chen Y, Li W, Sun L, Chen H, Yang Q, Zhang H, Zhang W, Yuan H, Zhang H, Xing L, Sun W. Effect of VEGFC on lymph flow and inflammation-induced alveolar bone loss. J Pathol 2020; 251:323-335. [PMID: 32418202 PMCID: PMC10587832 DOI: 10.1002/path.5456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The lymphatic system plays a crucial role in the maintenance of tissue fluid homeostasis and the immunological response to inflammation. The effects of lymphatic drainage dysfunction on periodontitis have not been well studied. Here we show that lymphatic vessel endothelial receptor 1 (LYVE1)+ /podoplanin (PDPN)+ lymphatic vessels (LVs) are increased in the periodontal tissues, with accumulation close to the alveolar bone surface, in two murine periodontitis models: rheumatoid arthritis (RA)-associated periodontitis and ligature-induced periodontitis. Further, PDPN+ /alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)- lymphatic capillaries are increased, whereas PDPN+ /αSMA+ collecting LVs are decreased significantly in the inflamed periodontal tissues. Both mouse models of periodontitis have delayed lymph flow in periodontal tissues, increased TRAP-positive osteoclasts, and significant alveolar bone loss. Importantly, the local administration of adeno-associated virus for vascular endothelial growth factor C, the major growth factor that promotes lymphangiogenesis, increases the area and number of PDPN+ /αSMA+ collecting LVs, promotes local lymphatic drainage, and reduces alveolar bone loss in both models of periodontitis. Lastly, LYVE1+ /αSMA- lymphatic capillaries are increased, whereas LYVE1+ /αSMA+ collecting LVs are decreased significantly in gingival tissues of patients with chronic periodontitis compared with those of clinically healthy controls. Thus, our findings reveal an important role of local lymphatic drainage in periodontal inflammation-mediated alveolar bone loss. © 2020 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuyi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wenlei Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Lian Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hongyu Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Qiudong Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Weibing Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hua Yuan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
- Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, PR China
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36
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Lin X, Zhang H, Boyce BF, Xing L. Ubiquitination of interleukin-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of murine macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11764-11775. [PMID: 32587089 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages play critical roles in homeostasis and inflammation. Macrophage polarization to either a pro-inflammatory or anti-inflammatory status is controlled by activating inflammatory signaling pathways. Ubiquitination is a posttranslational modification that regulates these inflammatory signaling pathways. However, the influence of protein ubiquitination on macrophage polarization has not been well studied. We hypothesized that the ubiquitination status of key proteins in inflammatory pathways contributes to macrophage polarization, which is regulated by itchy E3 ubiquitin ligase (ITCH), a negative regulator of inflammation. Using ubiquitin proteomics, we found that ubiquitination profiles are different among polarized murine macrophage subsets. Interestingly, interleukin-1α (IL-1α), an important pro-inflammatory mediator, was specifically ubiquitinated in lipopolysaccharide-induced pro-inflammatory macrophages, which was enhanced in ITCH-deficient macrophages. The ITCH-deficient macrophages had increased levels of the mature form of IL-1α and exhibited pro-inflammatory polarization, and reduced deubiquitination of IL-1α protein. Finally, IL-1α neutralization attenuated pro-inflammatory polarization of the ITCH-deficient macrophages. In conclusion, ubiquitination of IL-1α is associated with increased pro-inflammatory polarization of macrophages deficient in the E3 ligase ITCH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA.,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA .,Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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37
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Nowak B, Śróttek M, Ciszek-Lenda M, Skałkowska A, Gamian A, Górska S, Marcinkiewicz J. Exopolysaccharide from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL37 Inhibits T Cell-dependent Immune Response in Mice. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2020; 68:17. [PMID: 32448979 PMCID: PMC7246254 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-020-00581-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), major components of the bacterial biofilm, display strong strain-specific immunomodulatory properties. Previously, we have shown that crude EPS derived from Lactobacillus rhamnosus KL37 depresses the production of arthritogenic anti-collagen IgG and ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in DBA/1 mice, when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used as adjuvant. In this study, we used highly purified EPS from L. rhamnosus KL37 (EPS-37) to verify its anti-inflammatory properties and the ability to suppress T cell-dependent humoral response. We have employed the model of active CIA, in which mice immunized with type II collagen (CII) along with LPS were treated with pure EPS-37. Intravenous administration of purified EPS-37 markedly ameliorated arthritis and reduced CII-specific antibody production. EPS-37 injected subcutaneously reduced the clinical symptoms of CIA but without the reduction of arthritogenic antibodies. In addition, the effect of EPS-37 on T-cell functions was tested ex vivo and in vitro. EPS-37 inhibited the in vitro proliferation of T cells activated both in vivo (CII immunization) and in vitro (antigen/mitogen), and markedly reduced the production of interferon (IFN)-γ. These results together with other reports suggest that anti-inflammatory potential of EPS-37 depends on its ability to inhibit either one or the other or both possible inflammatory signaling pathways. Namely, Th1 → IFN-γ → M1 inflammatory macrophages → arthritis and/or Th1 → IFN-γ → B cells → arthritogenic antibodies → arthritis. We suggest that L. rhamnosus KL37 EPS might be utilized to control T cell-dependent immune responses in various inflammatory diseases. However, the most effective route of EPS-37 administration needs to be tailored for a given disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Nowak
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Śróttek
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marta Ciszek-Lenda
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Skałkowska
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland
| | - Andrzej Gamian
- Laboratory of Medical Microbiology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sabina Górska
- Laboratory of Microbiome Immunology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Janusz Marcinkiewicz
- Department of Immunology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18, 31-121, Kraków, Poland.
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Šućur A, Filipović M, Flegar D, Kelava T, Šisl D, Lukač N, Kovačić N, Grčević D. Notch receptors and ligands in inflammatory arthritis - a systematic review. Immunol Lett 2020; 223:106-114. [PMID: 32325090 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Notch pathway is highly conserved across species and is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation and activity both in embryonic development and adult life. Notch signaling has an important role in the development of hematopoietic stem cells and their differentiation to committed lineages, as well as in the regulation of several non-hematopoietic cell lines. OBJECTIVE As Notch signaling has been implicated in various inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, it is of interest to elucidate what role do Notch receptors and ligands have in inflammatory arthritides. METHODS We performed a search on the role of Notch receptors (1-4) and Notch ligands Delta-like (DLL) 1, 3, 4 and Jagged (Jag) 1 and 2 in animal models of inflammatory arthritis and most common types of human inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis or ankylosing spondylitis). The initial search identified 135 unique articles, of which 24 were ultimately deemed relevant and included in this systematic review. RESULTS Overall, identified articles describe roles for Notch ligands and receptors in inflammatory arthritis, with Notch activation resulting in enhanced Th1/17 polarization, osteoclast differentiation, macrophage activation and fibroblast-like synoviocyte proliferation. However, the inhibitory role of Notch signaling, especially by Jag1 is also described. CONCLUSION There is evidence that Notch pathway activation affects multiple cell lineages present within the arthritic environment, therefore potentially acting as one of the drivers of disease pathogenesis. Since cell lineage-selective transgenic mouse models and specific Notch receptor inhibitors are becoming increasingly available, it can be expected that future research will evaluate whether Notch signaling components initiate crucial pathogenic impulses and, therefore, present viable therapeutic targets in inflammatory arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Šućur
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Maša Filipović
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Darja Flegar
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Kelava
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Dino Šisl
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Physiology and Immunology, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 3, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Nina Lukač
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Nataša Kovačić
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia; Department of Anatomy, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 11, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia
| | - Danka Grčević
- Laboratory for Molecular Immunology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Šalata 12, Zagreb, HR 10000, Croatia.
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Castegna A, Gissi R, Menga A, Montopoli M, Favia M, Viola A, Canton M. Pharmacological targets of metabolism in disease: Opportunities from macrophages. Pharmacol Ther 2020; 210:107521. [PMID: 32151665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
From advances in the knowledge of the immune system, it is emerging that the specialized functions displayed by macrophages during the course of an immune response are supported by specific and dynamically-connected metabolic programs. The study of immunometabolism is demonstrating that metabolic adaptations play a critical role in modulating inflammation and, conversely, inflammation deeply influences the acquisition of specific metabolic settings.This strict connection has been proven to be crucial for the execution of defined immune functional programs and it is now under investigation with respect to several human disorders, such as diabetes, sepsis, cancer, and autoimmunity. The abnormal remodelling of the metabolic pathways in macrophages is now emerging as both marker of disease and potential target of therapeutic intervention. By focusing on key pathological conditions, namely obesity and diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis and cancer, we will review the metabolic targets suitable for therapeutic intervention in macrophages. In addition, we will discuss the major obstacles and challenges related to the development of therapeutic strategies for a pharmacological targeting of macrophage's metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Castegna
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; IBIOM-CNR, Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Bari, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy.
| | - Rosanna Gissi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessio Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy; Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Monica Montopoli
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padua, Padua, Italy; Veneto Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Favia
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Viola
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy
| | - Marcella Canton
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, Italy; Fondazione Città della Speranza, Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica, Padua, Italy.
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40
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Li J, Karim MA, Che H, Geng Q, Miao D. Deletion of p16 prevents estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and osteocyte senescence. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:672-683. [PMID: 32194914 PMCID: PMC7061825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate whether p16 deletion can prevent osteoporosis caused by estrogen deficiency, we first confirmed that p16 protein expression levels were significantly up-regulated in bony tissue of ovariectomized (OVX) wild-type mice. Eight-week-old wild-type and p16-/- mice were then sham-operated or bilateral OVX. After 12 weeks, the bone phenotypes of all models were analyzed by radiography, micro-computed tomography, histology, immunohistochemistry, and molecular biology. The results showed that p16 deficiency could rescue OVX-induced osteoporosis by significantly increased bone mineral density, trabecular bone volume, total collagen positive area, osteoblast number, type I collagen positive area, fibroblast colony-forming unit (CFU-f) and alkaline phosphatase-positive CFU-f with up-regulation of the mRNA expression levels of Alp, Runx2, type I collagen and osteocalcin, and significantly reduced osteoclast surface and the ratio of RANKL/OPG mRNA expression level. Furthermore, we also demonstrated that p16 deletion inhibited OVX-induced oxidative stress and bone cell senescence, such as a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species levels, up-regulation of superoxide dismutase 1 and 2 protein expression levels, and reduction of the percentage of β-galactosidase-positive osteocytes and p21 protein expression levels in bony tissue. Our results indicate that p16 deletion can prevent estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis by inhibiting oxidative stress, osteocyte senescence and osteoclastic bone resorption, stimulating osteogenesis and osteoblastic bone formation. Therefore, this study provides new insights into the potential of p16 as a novel therapeutic target for estrogen deficiency-induced osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Xuzhou Central Hospital, The Xuzhou School of Clinical Medicine of Nanjing Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Muhammad Amin Karim
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Che
- University Medical Center, Albert-Ludwigs-UniversityFreiburg, Germany
| | - Qinghe Geng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Pizhou Hospital, Xuzhou Medical UniversityXuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
- The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Wang H, Zhang H, Srinivasan V, Tao J, Sun W, Lin X, Wu T, Boyce BF, Ebetino FH, Boeckman RK, Xing L. Targeting Bortezomib to Bone Increases Its Bone Anabolic Activity and Reduces Systemic Adverse Effects in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:343-356. [PMID: 31610066 PMCID: PMC10587833 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Bortezomib (Btz) is a proteasome inhibitor approved by the FDA to treat multiple myeloma. It also increases bone volume by promoting osteoblast differentiation and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis in mice. However, Btz has severe systemic adverse effects, which would limit its use as a bone anabolic agent. Here, we designed and synthesized a bone-targeted form of Btz by conjugating it to a bisphosphonate (BP) with no antiresorptive activity. We report that BP-Btz inhibited osteoclast formation and bone resorption and stimulated osteoblast differentiation in vitro similar to Btz. In vivo, BP-Btz increased bone volume more effectively than Btz in three mouse models: untreated wild-type mice, mice with ovariectomy, and aged mice with tibial factures. Importantly, BP-Btz had significantly less systemic side effects than Btz, including less thymic cell death, sympathetic nerve damage, and thrombocytopenia, and it improved survival rates in aged mice. Thus, BP-Btz represents a novel anabolic agent to treat conditions, such as postmenopausal and age-related bone loss. Bone targeting is an attractive approach to repurpose approved drugs to treat skeletal diseases. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Institute of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Venkat Srinivasan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Jianguo Tao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Wen Sun
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Xi Lin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Department of Bone Disease, Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Brendan F Boyce
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Frank H Ebetino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
- BioVinc, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robert K Boeckman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Lianping Xing
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
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42
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Keewan E, Naser SA. The Role of Notch Signaling in Macrophages during Inflammation and Infection: Implication in Rheumatoid Arthritis? Cells 2020; 9:cells9010111. [PMID: 31906482 PMCID: PMC7016800 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch signaling coordinates numerous cellular processes and has been implicated in many pathological conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Although the role of Notch signaling in development, maturation, differentiation, and activation of lymphocytes has been comprehensively reported, less is known about its role in myeloid cells. Certainly, limited data are available about the role of Notch signaling in macrophages during inflammation and infection. In this review, we discuss the recent advances pertaining to the role of Notch signaling in differentiation, activation, and metabolism of macrophages during inflammation and infection. We also highlight the reciprocal interplay between Notch signaling and other signaling pathways in macrophages under different inflammatory and infectious conditions including pathogenesis of RA. Finally, we discuss approaches that could consider Notch signaling as a potential therapeutic target against infection- and inflammation-driven diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saleh A. Naser
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-407-823-0955; Fax: +1-407-823-0956
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43
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Liu L, Farhoodi HP, Han M, Liu G, Yu J, Nguyen L, Nguyen B, Nguyen A, Liao W, Zhao W. Preclinical Evaluation of a Single Intravenous Infusion of hUC-MSC (BX-U001) in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Cell Transplant 2020; 29:963689720965896. [PMID: 33054324 PMCID: PMC7784581 DOI: 10.1177/0963689720965896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an inflammatory disease of the joints, which causes severe pain and excessive systemic circulation of harmful inflammatory cytokines. Current treatments are limited, with some patients not responding well, and some experiencing severe and detrimental side effects. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are cell-based therapeutics being evaluated as potent immunomodulators in RA and may provide relief to patients not responding well to drug-based treatments. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of BX-U001 human umbilical cord tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSC) to treat RA, in support of a successful investigational new drug application. A collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model of RA was established in DBA/1 J mice. Mice from the treatment assessment group were given a tail vein infusion of hUC-MSC 24 days after primary RA induction, while control assessment (CA) group mice were given cell-free carrier solution. All animals were evaluated daily for RA symptoms via clinical scoring, blood was taken periodically for cytokine analysis, and mice were dissected at end point for histological analysis. A linear mixed model was used to compare the rate of change among groups. The clinical scores of TA group were significantly reduced compared with CA group (P < 0.01), indicating therapeutic effects. The histological scores of the joints in TA group were significantly lower than those in the CA group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference compared with Healthy groups (P > 0.05). The concentration of (interleukin) IL-6 in TA group was significantly reduced by 80.0% (P < 0.0001) 2 days after treatment and by 93.4% at the experimental endpoint compared with levels prior to hUC-MSC injection. A single intravenous infusion of hUC-MSC (2 × 106 cells/mouse), to CIA-induced DBA/1 J mice, resulted in significant alleviation of RA symptoms and may provide significant therapeutic benefits in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Henry P. Farhoodi
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Menglu Han
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Guangyang Liu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Jingxia Yu
- Department of Surgery, University of California, Irvine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Lily Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brenda Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Agnes Nguyen
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Weian Zhao
- Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Edwards Life Sciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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He W, Kapate N, Shields CW, Mitragotri S. Drug delivery to macrophages: A review of targeting drugs and drug carriers to macrophages for inflammatory diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 165-166:15-40. [PMID: 31816357 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages play a key role in defending against foreign pathogens, healing wounds, and regulating tissue homeostasis. Driving this versatility is their phenotypic plasticity, which enables macrophages to respond to subtle cues in tightly coordinated ways. However, when this coordination is disrupted, macrophages can aid the progression of numerous diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and autoimmune disease. The central link between these disorders is aberrant macrophage polarization, which misguides their functional programs, secretory products, and regulation of the surrounding tissue microenvironment. As a result of their important and deterministic roles in both health and disease, macrophages have gained considerable attention as targets for drug delivery. Here, we discuss the role of macrophages in the initiation and progression of various inflammatory diseases, summarize the leading drugs used to regulate macrophages, and review drug delivery systems designed to target macrophages. We emphasize strategies that are approved for clinical use or are poised for clinical investigation. Finally, we provide a prospectus of the future of macrophage-targeted drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Neha Kapate
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - C Wyatt Shields
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Samir Mitragotri
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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45
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Macrophage M1/M2 polarization and rheumatoid arthritis: A systematic review. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yin D, Wang W, Han W, Fan C. Targeting Notch-activated M1 macrophages attenuate lung tissue damage in a rat model of ventilator induced lung injury. Int J Mol Med 2019; 44:1388-1398. [PMID: 31432103 PMCID: PMC6713421 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2019.4315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Ventilator induced lung injury (VILI) may be involved in the activation of alveolar macrophages. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the Notch signaling pathway and macrophage polarization in VILI. The VILI model was established using rats. Hematoxylineosin staining was used to test the lung tissue morphology. Bicinchoninic acid assay and ELISA were performed to detect protein and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALF), respectively. The ratio of alveolar M1 and M2 macrophages was detected by flow cytometry. The mRNA and protein expression levels of Notch pathway-related proteins were determined using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. The present study found that high-frequency mechanical ventilation could cause pulmonary edema and increase the levels of protein, TNF-α and IL-6 in BALF while decreasing the level of IL-10 in BALF. High-frequency mechanical ventilation also induced polarization of alveolar macrophages to M1. The results also showed a significant increase in the levels of Notch pathway-related proteins including notch intracellular domain, Hes1, Hes5 and Hey1. Injection of N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenylacetyl)-1-alanyl] phenylglycine t-butyl ester could inhibit the Notch pathway and such an inhibition protected lung tissue and reduced lung inflammation caused by mechanical ventilation. After the Notch pathway was inhibited, the level of M1 polarization of macrophages caused by high-frequency mechanical ventilation was reduced. VILI caused pulmonary inflammation and macrophages to polarize to M1 and upregulated the expression levels of Notch pathway-related proteins. The inhibition of Notch pathway also reduced the proportion of M1 macrophages and inflammatory responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danping Yin
- Department of Disease Prevention and Control, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Weiming Wang
- Electrocardiogram Room, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong 264001, P.R. China
| | - Wei Han
- Department of Training, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
| | - Chen Fan
- Department of Laboratory Diagnosis, No. 960 Hospital of PLA, Jinan, Shandong 250031, P.R. China
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Chen G, Zhang Y, Yu S, Sun W, Miao D. Bmi1 Overexpression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells Exerts Antiaging and Antiosteoporosis Effects by Inactivating p16/p19 Signaling and Inhibiting Oxidative Stress. Stem Cells 2019; 37:1200-1211. [PMID: 30895687 PMCID: PMC6851636 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that Bmi1 deficiency leads to osteoporosis phenotype by inhibiting the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), but it is unclear whether overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs stimulates skeletal development and rescues Bmi1 deficiency-induced osteoporosis. To answer this question, we constructed transgenic mice (Bmi1Tg ) that overexpressed Bmi1 driven by the Prx1 gene and analyzed their skeletal phenotype differences with that of wild-type littermates. We then hybridized Bmi1Tg to Bmi1-/- mice to generate Bmi1-/- mice overexpressing Bmi1 in MSCs and compared their skeletal phenotypes with those of Bmi1-/- and wild-type mice using imaging, histopathological, immunohistochemical, histomorphometric, cellular, and molecular methods. Bmi1Tg mice exhibited enhanced bone growth and osteoblast formation, including the augmentation of bone size, cortical and trabecular volume, number of osteoblasts, alkaline phosphatase (ALP)-positive and type I collagen-positive areas, number of total colony forming unit fibroblasts (CFU-f) and ALP+ CFU-f, and osteogenic gene expression levels. Consistently, MSC overexpressing Bmi1 in the Bmi1-/- background not only largely reversed Bmi1 systemic deficiency-induced skeletal growth retardation and osteoporosis, but also partially reversed Bmi1 deficiency-induced systemic growth retardation and premature aging. To further explore the mechanism of action of MSCs overexpressing Bmi1 in antiosteoporosis and antiaging, we examined changes in oxidative stress and expression levels of p16 and p19. Our results showed that overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs inhibited oxidative stress and downregulated p16 and p19. Taken together, the results of this study indicate that overexpression of Bmi1 in MSCs exerts antiaging and antiosteoporosis effects by inactivating p16/p19 signaling and inhibiting oxidative stress. Stem Cells 2019;37:1200-1211.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpei Chen
- Department of Human Anatomy, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, Suzhou Health and Technology College, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuxiang Yu
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Sun
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Dengshun Miao
- The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.,The Research Center for Aging, Affiliated Friendship Plastic Surgery Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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Wang H, Hu Z, Wu J, Mei Y, Zhang Q, Zhang H, Miao D, Sun W. Sirt1 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Increases Alveolar Bone Mass via Bmi1 Activation in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2019; 34:1169-1181. [PMID: 30690778 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1), a protein deacetylase, is a novel target for bone metabolism. To investigate whether overexpression of Sirt1 in mandibular mesenchymal stem cells (M-MSCs) increased alveolar bone mass in vivo, we generated Sirt1 transgenic mice (Sirt1TG ), with Sirt1 gene expression driven by the Prx1 gene, which represents the mesenchymal lineage. Our results demonstrated that overexpression of Sirt1 in M-MSCs increased the alveolar bone volume in 1-month-old, 9-month-old, and 18-month-old Sirt1TG mice compared with age-matched wild-type (WT) mice, and in ovariectomized Sirt1TG mice compared with ovariectomized WT mice by stimulating M-MSC differentiation into osteoblasts. Treatment with resveratrol, a Sirt1 activator, increased Sirt1 binding with Bmi1 and reduced Bmi1 acetylation in a dose-dependent manner demonstrated in M-MSC cultures. Both treatment with resveratrol in M-MSC cultures and overexpressed Sirt1 in M-MSCs ex vivo cultures increased nuclear translocation of Bmi1. Furthermore, we demonstrated that deletion of Bmi1 blocked the increased alveolar bone volume in Sirt1TG mice. The Sirt1 activator resveratrol inhibited human MSC senescence and promoted their differentiation into osteoblasts, which were associated with upregulating the expression levels of Sirt1 and nuclear translocation of Bmi1. The present results suggested that Sirt1 promotes MSC proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, inhibits MSC senescence to increase alveolar bone volume by promoting the deacetylation and nuclear translocation of Bmi1. Thus, our study elucidated the mechanism by which Sirt1 increases alveolar bone mass, and these findings are important for the clinical application of the Sirt1 activator resveratrol for the promotion of alveolar bone formation and prevention of alveolar bone loss. © 2019 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zixuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yukun Mei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hengwei Zhang
- Center for Musculoskeletal Research (CMSR), Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Dengshun Miao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Research Center for Bone and Stem Cells, Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Basic Science of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Stomatology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ma WT, Gao F, Gu K, Chen DK. The Role of Monocytes and Macrophages in Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1140. [PMID: 31178867 PMCID: PMC6543461 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes (Mo) and macrophages (Mϕ) are key components of the innate immune system and are involved in regulation of the initiation, development, and resolution of many inflammatory disorders. In addition, these cells also play important immunoregulatory and tissue-repairing roles to decrease immune reactions and promote tissue regeneration. Several lines of evidence have suggested a causal link between the presence or activation of these cells and the development of autoimmune diseases. In addition, Mo or Mϕ infiltration in diseased tissues is a hallmark of several autoimmune diseases. However, the detailed contributions of these cells, whether they actually initiate disease or perpetuate disease progression, and whether their phenotype and functional alteration are merely epiphenomena are still unclear in many autoimmune diseases. Additionally, little is known about their heterogeneous populations in different autoimmune diseases. Elucidating the relevance of Mo and Mϕ in autoimmune diseases and the associated mechanisms could lead to the identification of more effective therapeutic strategies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Tao Ma
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China.,School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fei Gao
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Kui Gu
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - De-Kun Chen
- Veterinary Immunology Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Jastrzebski S, Kalinowski J, Mun S, Shin B, Adapala NS, Jacome-Galarza CE, Mirza F, Aguila HL, Drissi H, Sanjay A, Canalis E, Lee SK, Lorenzo JA. Protease-Activated Receptor 1 Deletion Causes Enhanced Osteoclastogenesis in Response to Inflammatory Signals through a Notch2-Dependent Mechanism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 203:105-116. [PMID: 31109956 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1801032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
We found that protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) was transiently induced in cultured osteoclast precursor cells. Therefore, we examined the bone phenotype and response to resorptive stimuli of PAR1-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice. Bones and bone marrow-derived cells from PAR1 KO and wild-type (WT) mice were assessed using microcomputed tomography, histomorphometry, in vitro cultures, and RT-PCR. Osteoclastic responses to TNF-α (TNF) challenge in calvaria were analyzed with and without a specific neutralizing Ab to the Notch2-negative regulatory region (N2-NRR Ab). In vivo under homeostatic conditions, there were minimal differences in bone mass or bone cells between PAR1 KO and WT mice. However, PAR1 KO myeloid cells demonstrated enhanced osteoclastogenesis in response to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) or the combination of RANKL and TNF. Strikingly, in vivo osteoclastogenic responses of PAR1 KO mice to TNF were markedly enhanced. We found that N2-NRR Ab reduced TNF-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO mice to WT levels without affecting WT responses. Similarly, in vitro N2-NRR Ab reduced RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis in PAR1 KO cells to WT levels without altering WT responses. We conclude that PAR1 functions to limit Notch2 signaling in responses to RANKL and TNF and moderates osteoclastogenic response to these cytokines. This effect appears, at least in part, to be cell autonomous because enhanced osteoclastogenesis was seen in highly purified PAR1 KO osteoclast precursor cells. It is likely that this pathway is involved in regulating the response of bone to diseases associated with inflammatory signals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sehwan Mun
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Bongjin Shin
- Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | | | - Faryal Mirza
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Hicham Drissi
- Department of Orthopaedics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30329
| | - Archana Sanjay
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Ernesto Canalis
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
| | | | - Joseph A Lorenzo
- Department of Medicine, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030; .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030
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