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Ravazzano L, Colaianni G, Tarakanova A, Xiao YB, Grano M, Libonati F. Multiscale and multidisciplinary analysis of aging processes in bone. NPJ AGING 2024; 10:28. [PMID: 38879533 PMCID: PMC11180112 DOI: 10.1038/s41514-024-00156-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/19/2024]
Abstract
The world population is increasingly aging, deeply affecting our society by challenging our healthcare systems and presenting an economic burden, thus turning the spotlight on aging-related diseases: exempli gratia, osteoporosis, a silent disease until you suddenly break a bone. The increase in bone fracture risk with age is generally associated with a loss of bone mass and an alteration in the skeletal architecture. However, such changes cannot fully explain increased fragility with age. To successfully tackle age-related bone diseases, it is paramount to comprehensively understand the fundamental mechanisms responsible for tissue degeneration. Aging mechanisms persist at multiple length scales within the complex hierarchical bone structure, raising the need for a multiscale and multidisciplinary approach to resolve them. This paper aims to provide an overarching analysis of aging processes in bone and to review the most prominent outcomes of bone aging. A systematic description of different length scales, highlighting the corresponding techniques adopted at each scale and motivating the need for combining diverse techniques, is provided to get a comprehensive description of the multi-physics phenomena involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Ravazzano
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy
| | - Graziana Colaianni
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Anna Tarakanova
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road, Unit 3247, CT, 06269, Storrs, USA
| | - Yu-Bai Xiao
- School of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road, Unit 3139, Storrs, 06269, CT, USA
| | - Maria Grano
- Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionian Area (DiMePRe-J), University of Bari Aldo Moro, Piazza Giulio Cesare 11, Bari, 70124, Italy
| | - Flavia Libonati
- Center for Nano Science and Technology@PoliMi, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Via Rubattino 81, Milano, 20134, Italy.
- Department of Mechanical, Energy, Management and Transport Engineering - DIME, University of Genova, Via all'Opera Pia 15, Genova, 16145, Italy.
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2
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Wang B, Vashishth D. Advanced glycation and glycoxidation end products in bone. Bone 2023; 176:116880. [PMID: 37579812 PMCID: PMC10529863 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress, enhanced in diabetes and aging, result in excessive accumulation of advanced glycation and glycoxidation end products (AGEs/AGOEs) in bone. AGEs/AGOES are considered to be "the missing link" in explaining increased skeletal fragility with diabetes, aging, and osteoporosis where increased fracture risk cannot be solely explained by bone mass and/or fall incidences. AGEs/AGOEs disrupt bone turnover and deteriorate bone quality through alterations of organic matrix (collagen and non-collagenous proteins), mineral, and water content. AGEs and AGOEs are also associated with bone fragility in other conditions such as Alzheimer's disease, circadian rhythm disruption, and cancer. This review explains how AGEs and AGOEs accumulate in bone and impact bone quality and bone fracture, and how AGES/AGOEs are being targeted in preclinical and clinical investigations for inhibition or removal, and for prediction and management of diabetic, osteoporotic and insufficiency fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Wang
- Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center of Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Shirley Ann Jackson Ph.D. Center of Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA; Rensselaer - Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Center for Engineering and Precision Medicine, New York, NY 10019, USA.
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3
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Wang X, Cui D, Qu X, You H, Lei F, Li J, Xie Y, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Jiang S, Xie Q. Analytical Ultracentrifugation-Calibrated Anion-Exchange Chromatography for Sensitive and Intact Determination of Osteopontin in Infant Formula and Dairy Products. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13880-13888. [PMID: 37669461 PMCID: PMC10515612 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteopontin is a crucial protein ingredient that has been applied in fortified dairy products and infant formula. It has great significance to infant gut health and brain development. However, current techniques including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry are still facing the bottleneck of low sensitivity and indirect quantification. Moreover, the unavailable certified commercial OPN standard hinders its accurate quantification. Herein, a novel method of anion-exchange chromatography was established to determine OPN concentration in several dairy matrices. The polarity-reversed capillary isoelectric focusing was utilized to measure the exact isoelectric point (pI) to support method development for OPN separation. Analytical ultracentrifugation was used to calibrate the purity of intact OPN to develop an in-house reference standard. The method showed the merits of limits of detection to 0.04 mg/100 g, relative standard deviation of reproducibility <5% for 13 out of 14 tested matrices, and an average recovery rate of 101.3%. This method has shown the potential to be adopted as an international standard method for the quantification of intact OPN in infant formula and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangxin Wang
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Dongying Cui
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xueyin Qu
- China
Excellent Milk Academy (Tianjin) Co., Ltd., 300400 Tianjin, China
| | - Hong You
- Eurofins
US Food, 2200 Rittenhouse
St Ste 175, Des Moines, Iowa 50321-3155, United
States
| | - Fan Lei
- State
Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Tsinghua
University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jianqiao Li
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yang Xie
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Haoshu Zhang
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yongjiu Zhang
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
| | - Qinggang Xie
- Heilongjiang
Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
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4
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Shim JS, Kim MY, An SJ, Kang ES, Choi YS. Evaluation of Implant Stability According to Implant Placement Site and Duration in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Multi-Center Cohort Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5087. [PMID: 37568490 PMCID: PMC10419881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12155087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this prospective study is to investigate implant stability and the reliability of different measuring devices according to implant placement site and duration in patients aged over 65 years. The study evaluated 60 implants (diameter: 3.5/4.0/4.5/5.0 mm and length: 8.5/10.0/11.5 mm) in 60 patients aged ≥ 65 years. The implant placement sites were divided into six evenly distributed sections (n = 10), i.e., maxillary right-posterior, A; maxillary anterior, B; maxillary left-posterior, C; mandibular right-posterior, D; mandibular anterior, E; mandibular left-posterior, F. Participants visited the hospital six times: implant surgery, 1V; stitch removal, 2V; 1-month follow-up, 3V; 2-month follow-up, 4V; before final restoration delivery, 5V; and after final restoration delivery, 6V. The implant stability was evaluated with the Osstell Mentor (ISQ), Periotest M (PTV), and Anycheck (IST). The mean values of ISQ, PTV, and IST were analyzed (α = 0.05). ISQ, PTV, and IST results of 4V and 5V were significantly higher than those of 1V (p < 0.05). The lowest ISQ results occurred in the E location at 4V and 5V (p < 0.05). In all mandibular locations, IST results of 6V were significantly higher than those of 1V, 2V, 3V, and 4V (p < 0.05). ISQ results were negatively correlated with PTV and positively correlated with IST, and PTV was negatively correlated with IST. By considering various factors affecting the stability of the implant, it is necessary to determine the appropriate implant load application time. This could help increase the implant success rate in elderly patients. And as a diagnostic device for implant stability and the evaluation of osseointegration in elderly patients, Anycheck was also able to prove its relative reliability compared to Osstell ISQ Mentor and Periotest M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Suk Shim
- Department of Dentistry, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Young Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jun An
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Sung Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Sung Choi
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Dentistry, Dankook University, Cheonan 31116, Republic of Korea
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Cavati G, Pirrotta F, Merlotti D, Ceccarelli E, Calabrese M, Gennari L, Mingiano C. Role of Advanced Glycation End-Products and Oxidative Stress in Type-2-Diabetes-Induced Bone Fragility and Implications on Fracture Risk Stratification. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12040928. [PMID: 37107303 PMCID: PMC10135862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12040928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) and osteoporosis (OP) are major causes of morbidity and mortality that have arelevant health and economic burden. Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that both of these disorders are often associated with each other and that T2D patients have an increased risk of fracture, making bone an additional target of diabetes. As occurs for other diabetic complications, the increased accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and oxidative stress represent the major mechanisms explaining bone fragility in T2D. Both of these conditions directly and indirectly (through the promotion of microvascular complications) impair the structural ductility of bone and negatively affect bone turnover, leading to impaired bone quality, rather than decreased bone density. This makes diabetes-induced bone fragility remarkably different from other forms of OP and represents a major challenge for fracture risk stratification, since either the measurement of BMD or the use of common diagnostic algorithms for OP have a poor predictive value. We review and discuss the role of AGEs and oxidative stress on the pathophysiology of bone fragility in T2D, providing some indications on how to improve fracture risk prediction in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Cavati
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Filippo Pirrotta
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Elena Ceccarelli
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrese
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
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Sroga GE, Stephen S, Wang B, Vashishth D. Techniques for advanced glycation end product measurements for diabetic bone disease: pitfalls and future directions. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 2022; 29:333-342. [PMID: 35777968 PMCID: PMC9348815 DOI: 10.1097/med.0000000000000736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Multiple biochemical and biophysical approaches have been broadly used for detection and quantitation of posttranslational protein modifications associated with diabetic bone, yet these techniques present a variety of challenges. In this review, we discuss recent advancements and complementary roles of analytical (UPLC/UPLC-MS/MS and ELISA) and biophysical (Raman and FTIR) techniques used for characterization of glycation products, measured from bone matrix and serum, and provide recommendations regarding the selection of a technique for specific study of diabetic bone. RECENT FINDINGS Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress in diabetes contribute to the formation of a large subgroup of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) known as glycoxidation end products (AGOEs). AGEs/AGOEs have various adverse effects on bone health. Commonly, accumulation of AGEs/AGOEs leads to increased bone fragility. For example, recent studies show that carboxymethyllysine (CML) and pentosidine (PEN) are formed in bone at higher levels in certain diseases and metabolic conditions, in particular, in diabetes and aging. Detection and quantitation of AGEs/AGOEs in rare and/or precious samples is feasible because of a number of technological advancements of the past decade. SUMMARY Recent technological advancements have led to a significant improvement of several key analytical biochemistry and biophysics techniques used for detection and characterization of AGEs/AGOEs in bone and serum. Their principles and applications to skeletal tissue studies as well as limitations are discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna E. Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Stephen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Bowen Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, USA
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7
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Zheng Z, Zhang X, Oh BK, Kim KY. Identification of combined biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis using machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:4270-4280. [PMID: 35580864 PMCID: PMC9186773 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a severe chronic skeletal disorder that affects older individuals, especially postmenopausal women. However, molecular biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis are not well characterized. The aim of this study was to identify combined biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis using machine learning methods. We merged three publicly available gene expression datasets (GSE56815, GSE13850, and GSE2208) to obtain expression data for 6354 unique genes in postmenopausal women (45 with high bone mineral density and 45 with low bone mineral density). All machine learning methods were implemented in R, with the GEOquery and limma packages, for dataset download and differentially expressed gene identification, and a nomogram for predicting the risk of osteoporosis was constructed. We detected 378 significant differentially expressed genes using the limma package, representing 15 major biological pathways. The performance of the predictive models based on combined biomarkers (two or three genes) was superior to that of models based on a single gene. The best predictive gene set among two-gene sets included PLA2G2A and WRAP73. The best predictive gene set among three-gene sets included LPN1, PFDN6, and DOHH. Overall, we demonstrated the advantages of using combined versus single biomarkers for predicting the risk of osteoporosis. Further, the predictive nomogram constructed using combined biomarkers could be used by clinicians to identify high-risk individuals and in the design of efficient clinical trials to reduce the incidence of osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Zheng
- Department of Dermatology, Yanbian University Hospital, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Xianglan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yanbian University College of Medicine, Yanji, Jilin Province, China.,Oral Cancer Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bong-Kyeong Oh
- Institute for the Integration of Medicine and Innovative Technology, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ki-Yeol Kim
- BK21 PLUS Project, Department of Dental Education, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Song S, Guo Y, Yang Y, Fu D. Advances in pathogenesis and therapeutic strategies for osteoporosis. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 237:108168. [PMID: 35283172 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis, is the most common bone disorder worldwide characterized by low bone mineral density, leaving affected bones vulnerable to fracture. Bone homeostasis depends on the precise balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone matrix formation by mesenchymal lineage osteoblasts, and involves a series of complex and highly regulated steps. Bone homeostasis will be disrupted when the speed of bone resorption is faster than bone formation. Based on various regulatory mechanisms of bone homeostasis, a series of drugs targeting osteoporosis have emerged in clinical practice, including bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators, calcitonin, molecular-targeted drugs and so on. However, many drugs have major adverse effects or are unsuitable for long-term use. Therefore, it is very urgent to find more effective therapeutic drugs based on the new pathogenesis of osteoporosis. In this review, we summarize novel mechanisms involved in the pathological process of osteoporosis, including the roles of gut microbiome, autophagy, iron balance and cellular senescence. Based on the above pathological mechanism, we found promising drugs for osteoporosis treatment, such as: probiotics, alpha-ketoglutarate, senolytics and hydrogen sulfide. This new finding may provide an important basis for elucidating the complex pathological mechanisms of osteoporosis and provide promising drugs for clinical osteoporosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen 518118, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical School, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430077, PR China
| | - Yuehua Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China
| | - Dehao Fu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, PR China.
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Tavakol M, Vaughan TJ. Energy dissipation of osteopontin at a HAp mineral interface: Implications for bone biomechanics. Biophys J 2022; 121:228-236. [PMID: 34932955 PMCID: PMC8790188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2021.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a one of the most abundant non-collagenous proteins in the bone's organic matrix. OPN is responsible for mediating bonding at mineral interfaces in the extrafibrillar space and recent evidence shows that it is a major contributor to bone's fracture resistance. While several experimental studies have identified an important role for calcium ions in mediating energy dissipation in OPN protein networks, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain largely unknown. In the current study, the role of calcium ions on energy dissipation at OPN interface with hydroxyapatite (HAp) as the main bone mineral was investigated. For the first time, the three-dimensional structure of OPN proteins were predicted, and it was found that calcium ions greatly influenced the final protein configuration and energy dissipation performance. Under small deformation, the compact cOPN structure, resulting from calcium ions presence, facilitated greater energy dissipation through sacrificial bond breaking and mechanisms mediated by the surface-bound calcium. At larger deformation, the compact structure also enabled cOPN to dissipate higher energy. Moreover, it was found that phosphorylation of OPN played an important role in energy dissipation. While previous studies have shown that OPN dissipated energy by forming aggregate networks, this study also showed that network formation is not necessary and that individual OPN proteins can dissipate large amounts of energy at HAp interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Tavakol
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ted J. Vaughan
- Biomedical Engineering and Biomechanics Research Centre (BioMEC), School of Engineering, College of Science and Engineering, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland,Corresponding author
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Du Y, Mao L, Wang Z, Yan K, Zhang L, Zou J. Osteopontin - The stirring multifunctional regulatory factor in multisystem aging. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1014853. [PMID: 36619570 PMCID: PMC9813443 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1014853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional noncollagenous matrix phosphoprotein that is expressed both intracellularly and extracellularly in various tissues. As a growth regulatory protein and proinflammatory immunochemokine, OPN is involved in the pathological processes of many diseases. Recent studies have found that OPN is widely involved in the aging processes of multiple organs and tissues, such as T-cell senescence, atherosclerosis, skeletal muscle regeneration, osteoporosis, neurodegenerative changes, hematopoietic stem cell reconstruction, and retinal aging. However, the regulatory roles and mechanisms of OPN in the aging process of different tissues are not uniform, and OPN even has diverse roles in different developmental stages of the same tissue, generating uncertainty for the future study and utilization of OPN. In this review, we will summarize the regulatory role and molecular mechanism of OPN in different tissues and cells, such as the musculoskeletal system, central nervous system, cardiovascular system, liver, and eye, during senescence. We believe that a better understanding of the mechanism of OPN in the aging process will help us develop targeted and comprehensive therapeutic strategies to fight the spread of age-related diseases.
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11
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Sroga GE, Vashishth D. Controlled Formation of Carboxymethyllysine in Bone Matrix through Designed Glycation Reaction. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10548. [PMID: 34761150 PMCID: PMC8567485 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been a challenge to establish a link between specific advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as causal agents of different pathologies and age‐related diseases, primarily because of the lack of suitable in vitro experimental strategies facilitating increased formation of a specific AGE, here carboxymethyllysine (CML), over other AGEs under controlled conditions. CML is of considerable importance to various oxidative stress–related diseases, because in vivo formation of this AGE is connected with cellular oxidative/carbonyl metabolism. The mechanistic implications of CML accumulation in bone remain to be elucidated. To facilitate such studies, we developed a new in vitro strategy that allows preferential generation of CML in bone matrix over other AGEs. Using bone samples from human donors of different age (young, middle‐age, and elderly), we show successful in vitro generation of the desired levels of CML and show that they mimic those observed in vivo in several bone disorders. Formation of such physiologically relevant CML levels was achieved by selecting two oxidative/carbonyl stress compounds naturally produced in the human body, glyoxal and glyoxylic acid. Kinetic studies using the two compounds revealed differences not only between their reaction rates but also in the progression and enhanced formation of CML over other AGEs (measured by their collective fluorescence as fluorescent AGEs [fAGEs]) Consequently, through the regulation of reaction time, the levels of CML and fAGEs could be controlled and separated. Given that the developed approach does not fully eliminate the formation of other uncharacterized glycation products, this could be considered as the study limitation. We expect that the concepts of our experimental approach can be used to develop diverse strategies facilitating production of the desired levels of selected AGEs in bone and other tissues, and thus, opens new avenues for investigating the role and mechanistic aspects of specific AGEs, here CML, in bone. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grażyna E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Troy NY USA
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12
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Muñoz A, Docaj A, Ugarteburu M, Carriero A. Poor bone matrix quality: What can be done about it? Curr Osteoporos Rep 2021; 19:510-531. [PMID: 34414561 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-021-00696-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Bone's ability to withstand load resisting fracture and adapting to it highly depends on the quality of its matrix and its regulators. This review focuses on the contribution of bone quality to fracture resistance and possible therapeutic targets for skeletal fragility in aging and disease. RECENT FINDINGS The highly organized, hierarchical composite structure of bone extracellular matrix together with its (re)modeling mechanisms and microdamage dynamics determines its stiffness, strength, and toughness. Aging and disease affect the biological processes regulating bone quality, thus resulting in defective extracellular matrix and bone fragility. Targeted therapies are being developed to restore bone's mechanical integrity. However, their current limitations include low tissue selectivity and adverse side effects. Biological and mechanical insights into the mechanisms controlling bone quality, together with advances in drug delivery and studies in animal models, will accelerate the development and translation to clinical application of effective targeted-therapeutics for bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asier Muñoz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, Steinman Bldg. Room 403C, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Anxhela Docaj
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, Steinman Bldg. Room 403C, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Maialen Ugarteburu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, Steinman Bldg. Room 403C, New York, NY, 10031, USA
| | - Alessandra Carriero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, Steinman Bldg. Room 403C, New York, NY, 10031, USA.
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13
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McNeish BL, Richardson JK, Bell SG, Whitney DG. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy increases nontraumatic fracture risk in breast cancer survivors. JBMR Plus 2021; 5:e10519. [PMID: 34368609 PMCID: PMC8328798 DOI: 10.1002/jbm4.10519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy is a common treatment for breast cancer (BrCa) and can cause chemotherapy‐induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). CIPN contributes to falls, and is thus a potential risk factor for nontraumatic fractures (NTFx); yet, the effect of CIPN on NTFx risk has not been examined for BrCa survivors. We therefore investigated the association between CIPN and NTFx in BrCa survivors. Data were extracted from Optum's Deidentified Clinformatics® Data Mart Database years 2010–2015 in this retrospective cohort study. Among women, three groups were derived based on BrCa and CIPN status: BrCa+/CIPN+ (primary group of interest), BrCa+/CIPN− (first comparison group), and BrCa−/CIPN− (second comparison group). After propensity score matching the comparison groups to BrCa+/CIPN+ at a ratio of 1:11 (BrCa:control) for demographics, osteoporosis, glucocorticoid medication, comorbidities, and cancer‐related variables for BrCa+/CIPN−, 1‐year incidence rate (IR) of NTFx was determined for each group. The incident rate ratio (IRR) determined if the IR for NTFx was different for BrCa+/CIPN+ compared to BrCa+/CIPN− and BrCa−/CIPN−. Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated the hazard ratios (HRs) after adjusting for covariates that were unable to be matched for. The crude IR (95% confidence interval [CI]) of NTFx was 4.54 (2.32–6.77) for BrCa+/CIPN+ (n = 359), 2.53 (2.03–3.04) for BrCa+/CIPN− (n = 3949), and 1.76 (1.35–2.18) for BrCa−/CIPN− (n = 3949). The crude IRR of NTFx was significantly elevated for BrCa+/CIPN+ as compared to BrCa+/CIPN− (IRR = 1.80; 95% CI, 1.06–3.05) and BrCa−/CIPN− (IRR = 2.58; 95% CI, 1.50–4.44). The elevated rate of NTFx for BrCa+/CIPN+ remained unchanged after adjusting for aromatase inhibitors compared to BrCa+/CIPN− (HR = 1.79; 95% CI, 1.06–3.04). Female BrCa survivors have an increased 1‐year IR of NTFx after the onset of CIPN, suggesting that CIPN is an additive burden on NTFx risk among BrCa survivors. © 2021 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan L McNeish
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - James K Richardson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Sarah G Bell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Daniel G Whitney
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Michigan Medicine Ann Arbor Michigan USA.,Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
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14
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Kynurenine induces an age-related phenotype in bone marrow stromal cells. Mech Ageing Dev 2021; 195:111464. [PMID: 33631183 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2021.111464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age is one of the important contributing factors for musculoskeletal deterioration. Although the exact mechanism behind this degeneration is unknown, it has been previously established that nutritional signaling plays a vital role in musculoskeletal pathophysiology. Our group established the vital role of the essential amino acid, tryptophan, in aging musculoskeletal health. With advanced age, inflammatory factors activate indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) and accumulate excessive intermediate tryptophan metabolites such as Kynurenine (KYN). With age, Kynurenine accumulates and suppresses osteogenic differentiation, impairs autophagy, promotes early senescence, and alters cellular bioenergetics of bone marrow stem cells. Recent studies have shown that Kynurenine negatively impacts bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and, consequently, promotes bone loss. Overall, understanding the mechanism behind BMSCs losing their ability for osteogenic differentiation can provide insight into the prevention of osteoporosis and the development of targeted therapies. Therefore, in this article, we review Kynurenine and how it plays a vital role in BMSC dysfunction and bone loss with age.
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15
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Bailey S, Sroga GE, Hoac B, Katsamenis OL, Wang Z, Bouropoulos N, McKee MD, Sørensen ES, Thurner PJ, Vashishth D. The role of extracellular matrix phosphorylation on energy dissipation in bone. eLife 2020; 9:58184. [PMID: 33295868 PMCID: PMC7746230 DOI: 10.7554/elife.58184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphorylation, critical for cellular regulatory mechanisms, is implicated in various diseases. However, it remains unknown whether heterogeneity in phosphorylation of key structural proteins alters tissue integrity and organ function. Here, osteopontin phosphorylation level declined in hypo- and hyper- phosphatemia mouse models exhibiting skeletal deformities. Phosphorylation increased cohesion between osteopontin polymers, and adhesion of osteopontin to hydroxyapatite, enhancing energy dissipation. Fracture toughness, a measure of bone’s mechanical competence, increased with ex-vivo phosphorylation of wildtype mouse bones and declined with ex-vivo dephosphorylation. In osteopontin-deficient mice, global matrix phosphorylation level was not associated with toughness. Our findings suggest that phosphorylated osteopontin promotes fracture toughness in a dose-dependent manner through increased interfacial bond formation. In the absence of osteopontin, phosphorylation increases electrostatic repulsion, and likely protein alignment and interfilament distance leading to decreased fracture resistance. These mechanisms may be of importance in other connective tissues, and the key to unraveling cell–matrix interactions in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacyann Bailey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Grazyna E Sroga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | - Betty Hoac
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Zehai Wang
- Department of Mechanical, Aerospace, and Nuclear Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
| | | | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Esben S Sørensen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Philipp J Thurner
- Institute of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, Vienna University of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, United States
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16
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Alcorta-Sevillano N, Macías I, Infante A, Rodríguez CI. Deciphering the Relevance of Bone ECM Signaling. Cells 2020; 9:E2630. [PMID: 33297501 PMCID: PMC7762413 DOI: 10.3390/cells9122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineral density, a bone matrix parameter frequently used to predict fracture risk, is not the only one to affect bone fragility. Other factors, including the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and microarchitecture, are of paramount relevance in this process. The bone ECM is a noncellular three-dimensional structure secreted by cells into the extracellular space, which comprises inorganic and organic compounds. The main inorganic components of the ECM are calcium-deficient apatite and trace elements, while the organic ECM consists of collagen type I and noncollagenous proteins. Bone ECM dynamically interacts with osteoblasts and osteoclasts to regulate the formation of new bone during regeneration. Thus, the composition and structure of inorganic and organic bone matrix may directly affect bone quality. Moreover, proteins that compose ECM, beyond their structural role have other crucial biological functions, thanks to their ability to bind multiple interacting partners like other ECM proteins, growth factors, signal receptors and adhesion molecules. Thus, ECM proteins provide a complex network of biochemical and physiological signals. Herein, we summarize different ECM factors that are essential to bone strength besides, discussing how these parameters are altered in pathological conditions related with bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Arantza Infante
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain; (N.A.-S.); (I.M.)
| | - Clara I. Rodríguez
- Stem Cells and Cell Therapy Laboratory, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Cruces University Hospital, Plaza de Cruces S/N, Barakaldo, 48903 Bizkaia, Spain; (N.A.-S.); (I.M.)
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17
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Steinbauer P, Rohatschek A, Andriotis O, Bouropoulos N, Liska R, Thurner PJ, Baudis S. Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy Reveals Adhesion-by-Demand in Statherin at the Protein-Hydroxyapatite Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2020; 36:13292-13300. [PMID: 33118809 PMCID: PMC7660943 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c02325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Achieving strong adhesion in wet environments remains a technological challenge in biomedical applications demanding biocompatibility. Attention for adhesive motifs meeting such demands has largely been focused on marine organisms. However, bioadhesion to inorganic surfaces is also present in the human body, in the hard tissues of teeth and bones, and is mediated through serines (S). The specific amino acid sequence DpSpSEEKC has been previously suggested to be responsible for the strong binding abilities of the protein statherin to hydroxyapatite, where pS denotes phosphorylated serine. Notably, similar sequences are present in the non-collagenous bone protein osteopontin (OPN) and the mussel foot protein 5 (Mefp5). OPN has previously been shown to promote fracture toughness and physiological damage formation. Here, we investigated the adhesion strength of the motif D(pS)(pS)EEKC on substrates of hydroxyapatite, TiO2, and mica using atomic force microscopy (AFM) single-molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS). Specifically, we investigated the dependence of adhesion force on phosphorylation of serines by comparing findings with the unphosphorylated variant DSSEEKC. Our results show that high adhesion forces of over 1 nN on hydroxyapatite and on TiO2 are only present for the phosphorylated variant D(pS)(pS)EEKC. This warrants further exploitation of this motif or similar residues in technological applications. Further, the dependence of adhesion force on phosphorylation suggests that biological systems potentially employ an adhesion-by-demand mechanism via expression of enzymes that up- or down-regulate phosphorylation, to increase or decrease adhesion forces, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Steinbauer
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printing, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
| | - Andreas Rohatschek
- Institute
of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
- Biointerface
Doctorate School, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Orestis Andriotis
- Institute
of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
| | - Nikolaos Bouropoulos
- Department
of Materials Science, University of Patras, Rio Patras GR-26504, Greece
- Foundation
for Research and Technology Hellas, Institute of Chemical Engineering
and High Temperature Chemical Processes, FORTH/ICE-HT, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Robert Liska
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
- Biointerface
Doctorate School, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Philipp J. Thurner
- Institute
of Lightweight Design and Structural Biomechanics, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
- Biointerface
Doctorate School, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
| | - Stefan Baudis
- Christian
Doppler Laboratory for Advanced Polymers for Biomaterials and 3D Printing, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Institute
of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Division of Macromolecular Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
- Austrian
Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna 1200, Austria
- Biointerface
Doctorate School, TU Wien, Vienna 1060, Austria
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18
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Zuo Q, Yao J, Lu S, Du Z, Li S, Lin F, Shi W, Zhang Y, Xiao Y. The role of organic phosphate in the spatial control of periodontium complex bio-mineralization: an in vitro study. J Mater Chem B 2020; 7:5956-5965. [PMID: 31524208 DOI: 10.1039/c9tb01261c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The periodontal structure is a particularly exquisite model of hierarchical spatial control of mineralization. Extracellular matrix control in the selective mineralization of the periodontium complex remains elusive since the extracellular matrix is a set of mineralization promoters and inhibitors. The phosphorylated proteins, which are ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix of the periodontium complex, are well-documented as primary factors in the regulation of tissue mineralization. Whether organic phosphates are key regulators in defining the interfaces between dentin, cementum, periodontal ligament and alveolar bone is an issue worthy of research. Here, we investigated the in vitro remineralization process of demineralized and dephosphorylated periodontal tissue sections. When exposed to a metastable mineralization solution, a large number of calcospherulites deposited on the surface of the dephosphorylated sections and the tissue selective mineralization were disrupted. Interestingly, on adding a dentin matrix protein-1 analogue named polyacrylic acid, the surface mineralization rate in the dephosphorylated periodontal complex reduced dramatically. In contrast, hierarchical mineralization was displayed by the demineralized section at the tissue collagen fibrillar levels in both alveolar bone and dentin regions. These results demonstrated that the organic phosphate could prevent surface mineral deposition, and the minerals could penetrate the collagen fibrils to initiate a selective and hierarchal tissue mineralization with the assistance of the dentin matrix protein-1 analogue in the periodontal complex. This study enhances our understanding of the mineralization discrepancy in the periodontal tissues, which will provide some insight into the development of biomaterials for the regeneration of soft-hard tissue interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiliang Zuo
- Ministry Education Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedical Engineering, School of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, P. R. China.
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19
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Carvalho MS, Silva JC, Hoff CM, Cabral JMS, Linhardt RJ, Silva CL, Vashishth D. Loss and rescue of osteocalcin and osteopontin modulate osteogenic and angiogenic features of mesenchymal stem/stromal cells. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:7496-7515. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta S. Carvalho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - João C. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Christopher M. Hoff
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Joaquim M. S. Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Biological Sciences and Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
| | - Cláudia L. Silva
- Department of Bioengineering and iBB – Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisboa Portugal
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary StudiesRensselaer Polytechnic InstituteTroy New York
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20
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Whyte MP, Amalnath SD, McAlister WH, McKee MD, Veis DJ, Huskey M, Duan S, Bijanki VN, Alur S, Mumm S. Hypophosphatemic osteosclerosis, hyperostosis, and enthesopathy associated with novel homozygous mutations of DMP1 encoding dentin matrix protein 1 and SPP1 encoding osteopontin: The first digenic SIBLING protein osteopathy? Bone 2020; 132:115190. [PMID: 31843680 PMCID: PMC7271119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The SIBLINGs are a subfamily of the secreted calcium-binding phosphoproteins and comprise five small integrin-binding ligand N-linked glycoproteins [dentin matrix protein-1 (DMP1), secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1) also called osteopontin (OPN), integrin-binding sialoprotein (IBSP) also called bone sialoprotein (BSP), matrix extracellular phosphoglycoprotein (MEPE), and dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP)]. Each SIBLING has at least one "acidic, serine- and aspartic acid-rich motif" (ASARM) and multiple Ser-x-Glu/pSer sequences that when phosphorylated promote binding of the protein to hydroxyapatite for regulation of biomineralization. Mendelian disorders from loss-of-function mutation(s) of the genes that encode the SIBLINGs thus far involve DSPP causing various autosomal dominant dysplasias of dentin but without skeletal disease, and DMP1 causing autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, type 1 (ARHR1). No diseases have been reported from gain-of-function mutation(s) of DSPP or DMP1 or from alterations of SPP1, IBSP, or MEPE. Herein, we describe severe hypophosphatemic osteosclerosis and hyperostosis associated with skeletal deformity, short stature, enthesopathy, tooth loss, and high circulating FGF23 levels in a middle-aged man and young woman from an endogamous family living in southern India. Both shared novel homozygous mutations within two genes that encode a SIBLING protein: stop-gain ("nonsense") DMP1 (c.556G>T,p.Glu186Ter) and missense SPP1 (c.769C>T,p.Leu266Phe). The man alone also carried novel heterozygous missense variants within two additional genes that condition mineral homeostasis and are the basis for autosomal recessive disorders: CYP27B1 underlying vitamin D dependent rickets, type 1, and ABCC6 underlying both generalized arterial calcification of infancy, type 2 and pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE). By immunochemistry, his bone contained high amounts of OPN, particularly striking surrounding osteocytes. We review how our patients' disorder may represent the first digenic SIBLING protein osteopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - S Deepak Amalnath
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Marc D McKee
- Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C7, Canada.
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Margaret Huskey
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shenghui Duan
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Suhas Alur
- Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry 605006, India
| | - Steven Mumm
- Center for Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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21
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Dalton S, Smith K, Singh K, Kaiser H, Kolhe R, Mondal AK, Khayrullin A, Isales CM, Hamrick MW, Hill WD, Fulzele S. Accumulation of kynurenine elevates oxidative stress and alters microRNA profile in human bone marrow stromal cells. Exp Gerontol 2020; 130:110800. [PMID: 31790802 PMCID: PMC6998036 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Kynurenine, a metabolite of tryptophan breakdown, has been shown to increase with age, and plays a vital role in a number of age-related pathophysiological changes, including bone loss. Accumulation of kynurenine in bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) has been associated with a decrease in cell proliferation and differentiation, though the exact mechanism by which kynurenine mediates these changes is poorly understood. MiRNAs have been shown to regulate BMSC function, and accumulation of kynurenine may alter the miRNA expression profile of BMSCs. The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in human BMSCs in response to treatment with kynurenine, and correlate miRNAs function in BMSCs biology through bioinformatics analysis. Human BMSCs were cultured and treated with and without kynurenine, and subsequent miRNA isolation was performed. MiRNA array was performed to identify differentially expressed miRNA. Microarray analysis identified 50 up-regulated, and 36 down-regulated miRNAs in kynurenine-treated BMSC cultures. Differentially expressed miRNA included miR-1281, miR-330-3p, let-7f-5p, and miR-493-5p, which are important for BMSC proliferation and differentiation. KEGG analysis found up-regulated miRNA targeting glutathione metabolism, a pathway critical for removing oxidative species. Our data support that the kynurenine dependent degenerative effect is partially due to changes in the miRNA profile of BMSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwood Dalton
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Smith
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Kanwar Singh
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Helen Kaiser
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Ravindra Kolhe
- Departments of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Ashis K Mondal
- Departments of Pathology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, United States of America
| | - Andrew Khayrullin
- Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Carlos M Isales
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - Mark W Hamrick
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America
| | - William D Hill
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29403, United States of America; Ralph H Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States of America
| | - Sadanand Fulzele
- Department of Orthopedics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Department of Cell biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America; Institute of Healthy Aging, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States of America.
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22
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Schlesinger PH, Blair HC, Beer Stolz D, Riazanski V, Ray EC, Tourkova IL, Nelson DJ. Cellular and extracellular matrix of bone, with principles of synthesis and dependency of mineral deposition on cell membrane transport. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2019; 318:C111-C124. [PMID: 31532718 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00120.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Bone differs from other connective tissues; it is isolated by a layer of osteoblasts that are connected by tight and gap junctions. This allows bone to create dense lamellar type I collagen, control pH, mineral deposition, and regulate water content forming a compact and strong structure. New woven bone formed after degradation of mineralized cartilage is rapidly degraded and resynthesized to impart structural order for local bone strength. Ossification is regulated by thickness of bone units and by patterning via bone morphogenetic receptors including activin, other bone morphogenetic protein receptors, transforming growth factor-β receptors, all part of a receptor superfamily. This superfamily interacts with receptors for additional signals in bone differentiation. Important features of the osteoblast environment were established using recent tools including osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Osteoblasts deposit matrix protein, over 90% type I collagen, in lamellae with orientation alternating parallel or orthogonal to the main stress axis of the bone. Into this organic matrix, mineral is deposited as hydroxyapatite. Mineral matrix matures from amorphous to crystalline hydroxyapatite. This process includes at least two-phase changes of the calcium-phosphate mineral as well as intermediates involving tropocollagen fibrils to form the bone composite. Beginning with initiation of mineral deposition, there is uncertainty regarding cardinal processes, but the driving force is not merely exceeding the calcium-phosphate solubility product. It occurs behind a epithelial-like layer of osteoblasts, which generate phosphate and remove protons liberated during calcium-phosphate salt deposition. The forming bone matrix is discontinuous from the general extracellular fluid. Required adjustment of ionic concentrations and water removal from bone matrix are important details remaining to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harry C Blair
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Donna Beer Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Vladimir Riazanski
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Evan C Ray
- Renal Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Irina L Tourkova
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Department of Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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23
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Abstract
It is well known that bone loss accompanies aging in both men and women and contributes to skeletal fragility in the older population, but changes that occur to the bone tissue matrix itself are less well known. These changes in bone quality aggravate the skeletal fragility associated with loss of bone mass. Bone tissue quality is affected by age-related changes in bone mineral, collagen and its cross-linking profiles, water compartments and even non-collagenous proteins. It is commonly assumed that greater tissue mineralization accompanies aging as bone turnover slows down in elderly individuals, but the data for this are weak. However, there may be changes in the quality of the mineral crystals, and the substitutions found within the crystal. Both enzymatically-mediated and non-enzymatically-mediated collagen cross-links multiply with age. The former tend to make the bone stiffer and stronger, but the latter, while making the bone stiffer can also make it more brittle and more likely to fracture. Bone pore water that is not bound to collagen or mineral increases with age as bone mass is lost, but water that is bound to collagen and mineral declines with age. These changes contribute to skeletal fragility by reducing the amount that bone can deform before fracturing. Finally, non-collagenous proteins have physical properties that can alter matrix mechanical properties and can also have molecular signaling functions that regulate bone remodeling. Whether these change with age, how they change, and how this affects skeletal fragility with aging is still largely a black box, and requires much more investigation. The roles of any of these factors in skeletal fragility are difficult to assess clinically as there is no easy or economical way to evaluate them, but a picture of fragility in the aging skeleton is incomplete without them.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B Burr
- Dept. of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, United States of America; Dept. of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University, Indianapolis (IUPUI), United States of America.
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