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Ru Y, Ma M, Zhou X, Kriti D, Cohen N, D’Souza S, Schaniel C, Motch Perrine SM, Kuo S, Pinto D, Housman G, Wu M, Holmes G, Schadt E, van Bakel H, Zhang B, Jabs EW. Transcriptomic landscape of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived osteogenic differentiation identifies a regulatory role of KLF16. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.11.579844. [PMID: 38405902 PMCID: PMC10888757 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.11.579844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Osteogenic differentiation is essential for bone development and metabolism, but the underlying gene regulatory networks have not been well investigated. We differentiated mesenchymal stem cells, derived from 20 human induced pluripotent stem cell lines, into preosteoblasts and osteoblasts, and performed systematic RNA-seq analyses of 60 samples for differential gene expression. We noted a highly significant correlation in expression patterns and genomic proximity among transcription factor (TF) and long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) genes. We identified TF-TF regulatory networks, regulatory roles of lncRNAs on their neighboring coding genes for TFs and splicing factors, and differential splicing of TF, lncRNA, and splicing factor genes. TF-TF regulatory and gene co-expression network analyses suggested an inhibitory role of TF KLF16 in osteogenic differentiation. We demonstrate that in vitro overexpression of human KLF16 inhibits osteogenic differentiation and mineralization, and in vivo Klf16+/- mice exhibit increased bone mineral density, trabecular number, and cortical bone area. Thus, our model system highlights the regulatory complexity of osteogenic differentiation and identifies novel osteogenic genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Ru
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Meng Ma
- Mount Sinai Genomics, Sema4, Stamford, CT, 06902, USA
| | - Xianxiao Zhou
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Divya Kriti
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ninette Cohen
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: Division of Cytogenetics and Molecular Pathology, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Northwell Health Laboratories, Lake Success, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Sunita D’Souza
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Present address: St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, 38105, USA
| | - Christoph Schaniel
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Institute for Systems Biomedicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Susan M. Motch Perrine
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Sharon Kuo
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Duluth, MN, 55812, USA
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Genevieve Housman
- Section of Genetic Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Primate Behavior and Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
| | - Meng Wu
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
| | - Greg Holmes
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Eric Schadt
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Harm van Bakel
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Mount Sinai Center for Transformative Disease Modeling, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Icahn Genomics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Ethylin Wang Jabs
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Cell, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905
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2
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Huybrechts Y, De Ridder R, Steenackers E, Devogelaer JP, Mortier G, Hendrickx G, Van Hul W. Genetic Screening of ZNF687 and PFN1 in a Paget's Disease of Bone Cohort Indicates an Important Role for the Nuclear Localization Signal of ZNF687. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:552-557. [PMID: 37728743 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01137-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a common, late-onset bone disorder, characterized by focal increases of bone turnover that can result in bone lesions. Heterozygous pathogenic variants in the Sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) gene are found to be the main genetic cause of PDB. More recently, PFN1 and ZNF687 have been identified as causal genes in patients with a severe, early-onset, polyostotic form of PDB, and an increased likelihood to develop giant cell tumors. In our study, we screened the coding regions of PFN1 and ZNF687 in a Belgian PDB cohort (n = 188). In the PFN1 gene, no variants could be identified, supporting the observation that variants in this gene are extremely rare in PDB. However, we identified 3 non-synonymous coding variants in ZNF687. Interestingly, two of these rare variants (p.Pro937His and p.Arg939Cys) were clustering in the nuclear localization signal of the encoded ZNF687 protein, also harboring the p.Pro937Arg variant, a previously reported disease-causing variant. In conclusion, our findings support the involvement of genetic variation in ZNF687 in the pathogenesis of classical PDB, thereby expanding its mutational spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yentl Huybrechts
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raphaël De Ridder
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ellen Steenackers
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jean-Pierre Devogelaer
- Department of Rheumatology, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Geert Mortier
- Laboratory for Skeletal Dysplasia Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Gretl Hendrickx
- Laboratory for Skeletal Dysplasia Research, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven and University Hospital Leuven, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Hul
- Center of Medical Genetics, University of Antwerp and University Hospital Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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3
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Ling Z, Aini H, Kajikawa S, Shirakawa J, Tsuji K, Asou Y, Koga H, Sekiya I, Nifuji A, Noda M, Ezura Y. Osteolytic Bone Loss and Skeletal Deformities in a Mouse Model for Early-Onset Paget's Disease of Bone with PFN1 Mutation Are Treatable by Alendronate. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1395. [PMID: 37895866 PMCID: PMC10610320 DOI: 10.3390/ph16101395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel osteolytic disorder due to PFN1 mutation was discovered recently as early-onset Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Bone loss and pain in adult PDB patients have been treated using bisphosphonates. However, therapeutic strategies for this specific disorder have not been established. Here, we evaluated the efficiency of alendronate (ALN) on a mutant mouse line, recapitulating this disorder. Five-week-old conditional osteoclast-specific Pfn1-deficient mice (Pfn1-cKOOCL) and control littermates (33 females and 22 males) were injected with ALN (0.1 mg/kg) or vehicle twice weekly until 8 weeks of age. After euthanizing, bone histomorphometric parameters and skeletal deformities were analyzed using 3D μCT images and histological sections. Three weeks of ALN administration significantly improved bone mass at the distal femur, L3 vertebra, and nose in Pfn1-cKOOCL mice. Histologically increased osteoclasts with expanded distribution in the distal femur were normalized in these mice. Geometric bone shape analysis revealed a partial recovery from the distal femur deformity. A therapeutic dose of ALN from 5 to 8 weeks of age significantly improved systemic bone loss in Pfn1-cKOOCL mice and femoral bone deformity. Our study suggests that preventive treatment of bony deformity in early-onset PDB is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu Ling
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; (Z.L.)
| | - Hailati Aini
- Department of Nano-Bioscience, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shuhei Kajikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari 794-8555, Japan
| | - Jumpei Shirakawa
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Kiyotake, Miyazaki 889-1692, Japan
| | - Kunikazu Tsuji
- Department of Nano-Bioscience, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Asou
- Department of Nano-Bioscience, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Koga
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; (Z.L.)
| | - Ichiro Sekiya
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Nifuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 170-8455, Japan; (Z.L.)
- Faculty of Occupational Therapy, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo 170-8445, Japan
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Wu Y, Wu S, Yang E, Zhang G, Shi Q, Liang J, Lian X, Xu J. Association of PFN1 Gene Polymorphisms with Bone Mineral Density, Bone Turnover Markers, and Osteoporotic Fractures in Chinese Population. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:207-215. [PMID: 37401976 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have discovered an association between the PFN1 gene and Paget's disease. However, it is currently unknown whether the PFN1 gene is related to osteoporosis. This study was performed to investigate the association of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) in the PFN1 gene with Bone Mineral Density (BMD) as well as bone turnover markers and osteoporotic fractures in Chinese subjects. A total of 2836 unrelated Chinese subjects comprising 1247 healthy subjects and 1589 osteoporotic fractures patients (Fracture group) were enrolled in this study. Seven tagSNPs (rs117337116, rs238243, rs6559, rs238242, rs78224458, rs4790714, and rs13204) of the PFN1 gene were genotyped. The BMD of the lumbar spine 1-4 (L1-4), femoral neck, and total hip as well as bone turnover markers, such as β-C-Terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (β-CTX) and Procollagen type 1 N-terminal Propeptide (P1NP), were measured. The association between 7 tagSNPs and BMD and bone turnover markers was analyzed in 1247 healthy subjects only. After age matching, we selected 1589 osteoporotic fracture patients (Fracture group) and 756 nonfracture controls (Control group, selected from 1247 healthy subjects) for a case-control study, respectively. For the case-control study, we used logistic regression to investigate the relationship between 7 tagSNPs and osteoporotic fractures risk. In the All group, the PFN1 haplotype GAT was associated with the β-CTX (P = 0.007). In the Female group, the PFN1 haplotype GAT was associated with the β-CTX (P = 0.005). In the Male group, the rs13204, the rs78224458, and the PFN1 haplotype GAC were associated with the BMD of the L1-4 (all P = 0.012); the rs13204, the rs78224458, and the PFN1 haplotype GAC were associated with the BMD of the femoral neck (all P = 0.012); the rs13204 and rs78224458 were associated with the BMD of the total hip (both P = 0.015); and the PFN1 haplotype GAT was associated with the β-CTX (P = 0.013). In the subsequent case-control study, the rs13204 and rs78224458 in the male group were associated with the risk of L1-4 fracture (P = 0.016 and 0.010, respectively) and total hip fracture (P = 0.013 and 0.016, respectively). Our study reveals that PFN1 gene polymorphisms are associated with BMD in Chinese males and β-CTX in Chinese people and confirmed the relationship between PFN1 gene polymorphisms and Chinese male osteoporotic fractures in a case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghao Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengting Wu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Erzhu Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Guowang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Shi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - XiaoFeng Lian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
| | - JianGuang Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200233, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Russo S, Scotto di Carlo F, Maurizi A, Fortunato G, Teti A, Licastro D, Settembre C, Mello T, Gianfrancesco F. A mutation in the ZNF687 gene that is responsible for the severe form of Paget's disease of bone causes severely altered bone remodeling and promotes hepatocellular carcinoma onset in a knock-in mouse model. Bone Res 2023; 11:16. [PMID: 36918542 PMCID: PMC10014847 DOI: 10.1038/s41413-023-00250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease (PDB) is a late-onset bone remodeling disorder with a broad spectrum of symptoms and complications. One of the most aggressive forms is caused by the P937R mutation in the ZNF687 gene. Although the genetic involvement of ZNF687 in PDB has been extensively studied, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. Here, we describe the first Zfp687 knock-in mouse model and demonstrate that the mutation recapitulates the PDB phenotype, resulting in severely altered bone remodeling. Through microcomputed tomography analysis, we observed that 8-month-old mutant mice showed a mainly osteolytic phase, with a significant decrease in the trabecular bone volume affecting the femurs and the vertebrae. Conversely, osteoblast activity was deregulated, producing disorganized bone. Notably, this phenotype became pervasive in 16-month-old mice, where osteoblast function overtook bone resorption, as highlighted by the presence of woven bone in histological analyses, consistent with the PDB phenotype. Furthermore, we detected osteophytes and intervertebral disc degeneration, outlining for the first time the link between osteoarthritis and PDB in a PDB mouse model. RNA sequencing of wild-type and Zfp687 knockout RAW264.7 cells identified a set of genes involved in osteoclastogenesis potentially regulated by Zfp687, e.g., Tspan7, Cpe, Vegfc, and Ggt1, confirming its role in this process. Strikingly, in this mouse model, the mutation was also associated with a high penetrance of hepatocellular carcinomas. Thus, this study established an essential role of Zfp687 in the regulation of bone remodeling, offering the potential to therapeutically treat PDB, and underlines the oncogenic potential of ZNF687.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Russo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Federica Scotto di Carlo
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Maurizi
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giorgio Fortunato
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy.,Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Carmine Settembre
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine (TIGEM), Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Tommaso Mello
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biochemical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati-Traverso", National Research Council of Italy, Naples, Italy. .,IRCCS INM Neuromed, Pozzilli, IS, Italy.
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Angelov T, Chamova T, Atemin S, Todorov T, Ormandzhiev S, Tourtourikov I, Todorova A, Devos D, Tournev I. Novel variant c.92T > G (p.Val31Gly) in the PFN1 gene (ALS18) responsible for a specific phenotype in a large Bulgarian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis pedigree. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1094234. [PMID: 36846111 PMCID: PMC9947785 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1094234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive deterioration of motor function, disability, and death. Variants in the PFN1 gene, encoding the Profilin-1 protein, are related to ALS18. Methods We present a pedigree consisting of 3 generations and 4 affected individuals, 3 of which carry a novel heterozygous variant: c.92T > G (p.Val31Gly) in the PFN1 gene. This variant was discovered through means of whole exome sequencing (WES) and targeted analysis of ALS-related genes. Results The mean age of onset in our pedigree was 59.75 (±10.11 SD) years with a significant difference between the first two generations (females) and the third (male) of 22.33 (±3.4 SD) years. For this ALS form, we observed a longer disease progression of 4 (±1.87 SD) years (three of four affected are still alive). Clinical manifestations displayed predominant impairment of the lower motor neuron (LMN) in one limb, with gradual involvement of other limbs. A novel heterozygous missense variant c.92T > G, p. Val31Gly (NM_005022.4) in exon 1 in the PFN1 gene was discovered through means of whole exome sequencing (WES). Segregation analysis in the family showed that the detected variant was inherited from the affected mother, and the affected aunt also turned out to be a variant carrier. Conclusions ALS18 is a very rare form of the disease. We report here a relatively large pedigree with a novel variant, leading to late onset (after 50 years), initial involvement of the lower limbs and relatively slow progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor Angelov
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria,*Correspondence: Teodor Angelov ✉
| | - Teodora Chamova
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slavena Atemin
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory “Genica”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tihomir Todorov
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory “Genica”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivan Tourtourikov
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory “Genica”, Sofia, Bulgaria,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Todorova
- Genetic Medico-Diagnostic Laboratory “Genica”, Sofia, Bulgaria,Department of Medical Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - David Devos
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Expert Center of Parkinson's Disease, LICEND COEN Center, NS-Park/FCRIN Network, Univ. Lille, Lille Neuroscience and Cognition, Team DVCD, INSERM UMRS_1172, CHU Lille, Lille, France
| | - Ivailo Tournev
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria,Department of Cognitive Science and Psychology, New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
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7
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Scotto di Carlo F, Russo S, Muyas F, Mangini M, Garribba L, Pazzaglia L, Genesio R, Biamonte F, De Luca AC, Santaguida S, Scotlandi K, Cortés-Ciriano I, Gianfrancesco F. Profilin 1 deficiency drives mitotic defects and reduces genome stability. Commun Biol 2023; 6:9. [PMID: 36599901 PMCID: PMC9813376 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-04392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Profilin 1-encoded by PFN1-is a small actin-binding protein with a tumour suppressive role in various adenocarcinomas and pagetic osteosarcomas. However, its contribution to tumour development is not fully understood. Using fix and live cell imaging, we report that Profilin 1 inactivation results in multiple mitotic defects, manifested prominently by anaphase bridges, multipolar spindles, misaligned and lagging chromosomes, and cytokinesis failures. Accordingly, next-generation sequencing technologies highlighted that Profilin 1 knock-out cells display extensive copy-number alterations, which are associated with complex genome rearrangements and chromothripsis events in primary pagetic osteosarcomas with Profilin 1 inactivation. Mechanistically, we show that Profilin 1 is recruited to the spindle midzone at anaphase, and its deficiency reduces the supply of actin filaments to the cleavage furrow during cytokinesis. The mitotic defects are also observed in mouse embryonic fibroblasts and mesenchymal cells deriving from a newly generated knock-in mouse model harbouring a Pfn1 loss-of-function mutation. Furthermore, nuclear atypia is also detected in histological sections of mutant femurs. Thus, our results indicate that Profilin 1 has a role in regulating cell division, and its inactivation triggers mitotic defects, one of the major mechanisms through which tumour cells acquire chromosomal instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Scotto di Carlo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Sharon Russo
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy ,grid.9841.40000 0001 2200 8888Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (DiSTABiF), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Caserta, Italy
| | - Francesc Muyas
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Maria Mangini
- grid.429047.c0000 0004 6477 0469Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenza Garribba
- grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Pazzaglia
- grid.419038.70000 0001 2154 6641IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rita Genesio
- grid.4691.a0000 0001 0790 385XDepartment of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy ,grid.411489.10000 0001 2168 2547Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Chiara De Luca
- grid.429047.c0000 0004 6477 0469Institute for Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, “G. Salvatore” (IEOS), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
| | - Stefano Santaguida
- grid.15667.330000 0004 1757 0843Department of Experimental Oncology at IEO, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, Milan, Italy ,grid.4708.b0000 0004 1757 2822Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Scotlandi
- grid.419038.70000 0001 2154 6641IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Bologna, Italy
| | - Isidro Cortés-Ciriano
- grid.52788.300000 0004 0427 7672European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK
| | - Fernando Gianfrancesco
- grid.5326.20000 0001 1940 4177Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso” (IGB), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Naples, Italy
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Abstract
Bone science has over the last decades unraveled many important pathways in bone and mineral metabolism and the interplay between genetic factors and the environment. Some of these discoveries have led to the development of pharmacological treatments of osteoporosis and rare bone diseases. Other scientific avenues have uncovered a role for the gut microbiome in regulating bone mass, which have led to investigations on the possible therapeutic role of probiotics in the prevention of osteoporosis. Huge advances have been made in identifying the genes that cause rare bone diseases, which in some cases have led to therapeutic interventions. Advances have also been made in understanding the genetic basis of the more common polygenic bone diseases, including osteoporosis and Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Polygenic profiles are used for establishing genetic risk scores aiming at early diagnosis and intervention, but also in Mendelian randomization (MR) studies to investigate both desired and undesired effects of targets for drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente L Langdahl
- Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Laboratory for Population Genomics, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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9
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Gennari L, Rendina D, Merlotti D, Cavati G, Mingiano C, Cosso R, Materozzi M, Pirrotta F, Abate V, Calabrese M, Falchetti A. Update on the pathogenesis and genetics of Paget’s disease of bone. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:932065. [PMID: 36035996 PMCID: PMC9412102 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.932065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies over the past two decades have led to major advances in the pathogenesis of Paget’s disease of bone (PDB) and particularly on the role of genetic factors. Germline mutations of different genes have been identified, as a possible cause of this disorder, and most of the underlying pathways are implicated in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function, whereas other are involved in cell autophagy mechanisms. In particular, about 30 different germline mutations of the Sequestosome 1 gene (SQSTM1) have been described in a significant proportion of familial and sporadic PDB cases. The majority of SQSTM1 mutations affect the ubiquitin-binding domain of the protein and are associated to a more severe clinical expression of the disease. Also, germline mutations in the ZNF687 and PFN1 genes have been associated to severe, early onset, polyostotic PDB with increased susceptibly to neoplastic degeneration, particularly giant cell tumor. Mutations in the VCP (Valosin Containing Protein) gene cause the autosomal dominant syndrome “Inclusion Body Myopathy, PDB, Fronto-temporal Dementia,” characterized by pagetic manifestations, associated with myopathy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and fronto-temporal dementia. Moreover, germline mutations in the TNFRSF11A gene, which encodes for RANK, were associated with rare syndromes showing some histopathological, radiological, and clinical overlap with PDB and in two cases of early onset PDB-like disease. Likewise, genome wide association studies performed in unrelated PDB cases identified other potential predisposition genes and/or susceptibility loci. Thus, it is likely that polygenic factors are involved in the PDB pathogenesis in many individuals and that modifying genes may contribute in refining the clinical phenotype. Moreover, the contribution of somatic mutations of SQSTM1 gene and/or epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of skeletal pagetic abnormalities and eventually neoplastic degeneration, cannot be excluded. Indeed, clinical and experimental observations indicate that genetic susceptibility might not be a sufficient condition for the clinical development of PDB without the concomitant intervention of viral infection, in primis paramixoviruses, and/or other environmental factors (e.g., pesticides, heavy metals or tobacco exposure), at least in a subset of cases. This review summarizes the most important advances that have been made in the field of cellular and molecular biology PDB over the past decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gennari, ; Alberto Falchetti,
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Guido Cavati
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
| | - Roberta Cosso
- Unit of Rehabilitation Medicine, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Italy
| | - Maria Materozzi
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
- Age Related Diseases Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy
| | - Filippo Pirrotta
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
| | - Veronica Abate
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Calabrese
- Department of Medicine Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena Italy, Siena, Italy
| | - Alberto Falchetti
- Experimental Research Laboratory on Bone Metabolism, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luigi Gennari, ; Alberto Falchetti,
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10
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Kajikawa S, Ezura Y, Izu Y, Nakashima K, Noda M, Nifuji A. Profilin-1 negatively controls osteoclast migration by suppressing the protrusive structures based on branched actin filaments. J Bone Miner Metab 2022; 40:561-570. [PMID: 35428898 DOI: 10.1007/s00774-022-01320-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Profilin-1 (Pfn1), an evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein, is an important regulator of the cytoskeleton. We previously reported the osteoclast-specific Pfn1-conditional knockout (cKO) mice had postnatal osteolytic phenotype with craniofacial and long-bone deformities associated with increased migration of cultured osteoclasts. We hypothesized the increased cellular processes structured with branched actin filaments may underlies the mechanism of increased bone resorption in these mutant mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The morphological structure and cell migration of the cultured osteoclasts were analyzed using fluorescent microscopy and time-lapse image capturing. Fractional migration distances, as well as the index of protrusive structures (%-PB) that evaluates relative border length of the protrusion were compared between the cells from control and Pfn1-cKO mice. RESULTS Time-lapse image analysis showed that %-PB was significantly larger in Pfn1-cKO osteoclasts. In addition, the fractional migration distance was positively correlated with the index. When the branched actin filament organization was suppressed by chemical inhibitors, the osteoclast migration was declined. Importantly, the suppression was more extensive in Pfn1-cKO than in control osteoclasts. CONCLUSION Our results indicated the causative involvement of the increased branched actin filament formation at least in part for their excessive migration. Our findings provide a mechanistic rationale for testing novel therapeutic approaches targeting branched actin filaments in osteolytic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Kajikawa
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ezura
- Department of Joint Surgery and Sports Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan.
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Teikyo Heisei University, Tokyo, 170-0013, Japan.
| | - Yayoi Izu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, The Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Imabari, Ehime, 794-8555, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakashima
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Masaki Noda
- Department of Orthopedics, TMDU, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, TMDU, Tokyo, 113-8510, Japan
| | - Akira Nifuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi, Kanagawa, 230-8501, Japan
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11
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Russo S, Scotto di Carlo F, Gianfrancesco F. The Osteoclast Traces the Route to Bone Tumors and Metastases. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:886305. [PMID: 35646939 PMCID: PMC9139841 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.886305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts are highly specialized cells of the bone, with a unique apparatus responsible for resorption in the process of bone remodeling. They are derived from differentiation and fusion of hematopoietic precursors, committed to form mature osteoclasts in response to finely regulated stimuli produced by bone marrow–derived cells belonging to the stromal lineage. Despite a highly specific function confined to bone degradation, emerging evidence supports their relevant implication in bone tumors and metastases. In this review, we summarize the physiological role of osteoclasts and then focus our attention on their involvement in skeletal tumors, both primary and metastatic. We highlight how osteoclast-mediated bone erosion confers increased aggressiveness to primary tumors, even those with benign features. We also outline how breast and pancreas cancer cells promote osteoclastogenesis to fuel their metastatic process to the bone. Furthermore, we emphasize the role of osteoclasts in reactivating dormant cancer cells within the bone marrow niches for manifestation of overt metastases, even decades after homing of latent disseminated cells. Finally, we point out the importance of counteracting tumor progression and dissemination through pharmacological treatments based on a better understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying osteoclast lytic activity and their recruitment from cancer cells.
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12
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Wani S, Daroszewska A, Salter DM, van ‘t Hof RJ, Ralston SH, Albagha OME. The Paget's disease of bone risk gene PML is a negative regulator of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049318. [PMID: 35229101 PMCID: PMC9066519 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is characterized by focal increases in bone remodelling. Genome-wide association studies identified a susceptibility locus for PDB tagged by rs5742915, which is located within the PML gene. Here, we have assessed the candidacy of PML as the predisposing gene for PDB at this locus. We found that the PDB-risk allele of rs5742915 was associated with lower PML expression and that PML expression in blood cells from individuals with PDB was lower than in controls. The differentiation, survival and resorptive activity of osteoclasts prepared from Pml-/- mice was increased compared with wild type. Furthermore, the inhibitory effect of IFN-γ on osteoclast formation from Pml-/- was significantly blunted compared with wild type. Bone nodule formation was also increased in osteoblasts from Pml-/- mice when compared with wild type. Although microCT analysis of trabecular bone showed no differences between Pml-/- mice and wild type, bone histomorphometry showed that Pml-/- mice had high bone turnover with increased indices of bone resorption and increased mineral apposition rate. These data indicate that reduced expression of PML predisposes an individual to PDB and identify PML as a novel regulator of bone metabolism. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Wani
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Anna Daroszewska
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
| | - Donald M. Salter
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Rob J. van ‘t Hof
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L7 8TX, UK
- Vanthof Scientific, Torun 87-100, Poland
| | - Stuart H. Ralston
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Omar M. E. Albagha
- Rheumatology and Bone Disease Unit, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, P.O. Box 34110, Qatar
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13
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Korb M, Peck A, Alfano LN, Berger KI, James MK, Ghoshal N, Healzer E, Henchcliffe C, Khan S, Mammen PPA, Patel S, Pfeffer G, Ralston SH, Roy B, Seeley WW, Swenson A, Mozaffar T, Weihl C, Kimonis V, Fanganiello R, Lee G, Mahoney RP, Diaz-Manera J, Evangelista T, Freimer M, Lloyd TE, Keung B, Kushlaf H, Milone M, Needham M, Palmio J, Stojkovic T, Villar-Quiles RN, Wang LH, Wicklund MP, Singer FR, Jones M, Miller BL, Ahmad Sajjadi S, Obenaus A, Geschwind MD, Al-Chalabi A, Wymer J, Chen N, Kompoliti K, Wang SC, Boissoneault CA, Cruz-Coble B, Garand KL, Rinholen AJ, Tabor-Gray L, Rosenfeld J, Guo M, Peck N. Development of a standard of care for patients with valosin-containing protein associated multisystem proteinopathy. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:23. [PMID: 35093159 PMCID: PMC8800193 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02172-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Valosin-containing protein (VCP) associated multisystem proteinopathy (MSP) is a rare inherited disorder that may result in multisystem involvement of varying phenotypes including inclusion body myopathy, Paget’s disease of bone (PDB), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), parkinsonism, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), among others. An international multidisciplinary consortium of 40+ experts in neuromuscular disease, dementia, movement disorders, psychology, cardiology, pulmonology, physical therapy, occupational therapy, speech and language pathology, nutrition, genetics, integrative medicine, and endocrinology were convened by the patient advocacy organization, Cure VCP Disease, in December 2020 to develop a standard of care for this heterogeneous and under-diagnosed disease. To achieve this goal, working groups collaborated to generate expert consensus recommendations in 10 key areas: genetic diagnosis, myopathy, FTD, PDB, ALS, Charcot Marie Tooth disease (CMT), parkinsonism, cardiomyopathy, pulmonology, supportive therapies, nutrition and supplements, and mental health. In April 2021, facilitated discussion of each working group’s conclusions with consensus building techniques enabled final agreement on the proposed standard of care for VCP patients. Timely referral to a specialty neuromuscular center is recommended to aid in efficient diagnosis of VCP MSP via single-gene testing in the case of a known familial VCP variant, or multi-gene panel sequencing in undifferentiated cases. Additionally, regular and ongoing multidisciplinary team follow up is essential for proactive screening and management of secondary complications. The goal of our consortium is to raise awareness of VCP MSP, expedite the time to accurate diagnosis, define gaps and inequities in patient care, initiate appropriate pharmacotherapies and supportive therapies for optimal management, and elevate the recommended best practices guidelines for multidisciplinary care internationally.
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14
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Zhao J, Liu L, Lv S, Wang C, Yue H, Zhang Z. PFN1 Gene Polymorphisms and the Bone Mineral Density Response to Alendronate Therapy in Postmenopausal Chinese Women with Low Bone Mass. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2022; 14:1669-1678. [PMID: 34992429 PMCID: PMC8711734 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s344818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Alendronate is a widely used anti-osteoporotic drug. PFN1 gene is a newly identified early-onset Paget’s disease pathogenic gene. The purpose of this study is to study whether the genetic variations in this gene affect the clinical efficacy of alendronate in postmenopausal Chinese women with low bone mass. Patients and Methods Seven single nucleotide polymorphisms in PFN1 gene were genotyped. A total of 500 postmenopausal women with osteoporosis or osteopenia were included. All participants were treated with weekly alendronate 70 mg for 12 months. A total of 466 subjects completed the follow-up. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip were measured at baseline and after treatment. Results After 12 months of treatment, the BMD of lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip all increased significantly (all P < 0.001), with an average increase of 4.72 ± 5.31%, 2.08 ± 4.45%, and 2.42 ± 3.46%, respectively. At baseline, there were no significant differences in BMD at lumbar spine, femoral neck and total hip between different genotype groups (P > 0.05). We failed to identify any significant association between the genotypes or haplotypes of PFN1 and the BMD response to alendronate therapy. Conclusion Genetic polymorphisms of PFN1 may not be a major contributor to the therapeutic response to alendronate treatment in Chinese women with low bone mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Zhao
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Lv
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Wang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Disease, Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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15
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Murk K, Ornaghi M, Schiweck J. Profilin Isoforms in Health and Disease - All the Same but Different. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:681122. [PMID: 34458253 PMCID: PMC8387879 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.681122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Profilins are small actin binding proteins, which are structurally conserved throughout evolution. They are probably best known to promote and direct actin polymerization. However, they also participate in numerous cell biological processes beyond the roles typically ascribed to the actin cytoskeleton. Moreover, most complex organisms express several profilin isoforms. Their cellular functions are far from being understood, whereas a growing number of publications indicate that profilin isoforms are involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the profilin family and "typical" profilin properties including the control of actin dynamics. We will then discuss the profilin isoforms of higher animals in detail. In terms of cellular functions, we will focus on the role of Profilin 1 (PFN1) and Profilin 2a (PFN2a), which are co-expressed in the central nervous system. Finally, we will discuss recent findings that link PFN1 and PFN2a to neurological diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Fragile X syndrome (FXS), Huntington's disease and spinal muscular atrophy (SMA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Murk
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ornaghi
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Juliane Schiweck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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16
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Vallet M, Sophocleous A, Törnqvist AE, Azfer A, Hof RV, Albagha OM, Ralston SH. Targeted Inactivation of Rin3 Increases Trabecular Bone Mass by Reducing Bone Resorption and Favouring Bone Formation. Calcif Tissue Int 2021; 109:92-102. [PMID: 33725152 PMCID: PMC8225545 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-021-00827-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Common genetic variants at the RIN3 locus on chromosome 14q32 predispose to Paget's disease of bone (PDB) but the mechanisms by which they do so are unknown. Here, we analysed the skeletal phenotype of female mice with targeted inactivation of the mouse Rin3 gene (Rin3-/-) as compared with wild-type littermates. The Rin3-/- mice had higher trabecular bone volume (BV/TV%) compared with wild type. Mean ± standard deviation values at the distal femur at 8 weeks were 9.0 ± 2.5 vs. 7.0 ± 1.5 (p = 0.002) and at 52 weeks were 15.8 ± 9.5 vs. 8.5 ± 4.2 (p = 0.002). No differences were observed in femoral cortical bone parameters with the exception of marrow diameter which was significantly smaller in 52-week-old Rin3-/- mice compared to wild type: (0.43 mm ± 0.1 vs. 0.57 mm ± 0.2 (p = 0.001). Bone histomorphometry showed a lower osteoclast surface / bone surface (Oc.S/BS%) at 8 weeks in Rin3-/- mice compared to wild type (24.1 ± 4.7 vs. 29.7 ± 6.6; p = 0.025) but there were no significant differences in markers of bone formation at this time. At 52 weeks, Oc.S/BS did not differ between genotypes but single labelled perimeter (SL.Pm/B.Pm (%)) was significantly higher in Rin3-/- mice (24.4 ± 6.4 vs. 16.5 ± 3.8, p = 0.003). We conclude that Rin3 negatively regulates trabecular bone mass in mice by inhibiting osteoclastic bone resorption and favouring bone formation. Our observations also suggest that the variants that predispose to PDB in humans probably do so by causing a gain-in-function of RIN3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahéva Vallet
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antonia Sophocleous
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Engomi, Cyprus
| | - Anna E Törnqvist
- Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Asim Azfer
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Rob Van't Hof
- Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England
| | - Omar Me Albagha
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- College of Health and Life, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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17
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Wei Z, Li S, Tao X, Zhu G, Sun Z, Wei Z, Jiao Q, Zhang H, Chen L, Li B, Zhang Z, Yue H. Mutations in Profilin 1 Cause Early-Onset Paget's Disease of Bone With Giant Cell Tumors. J Bone Miner Res 2021; 36:1088-1103. [PMID: 33599011 PMCID: PMC8251538 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Paget's disease of bone (PDB) is a late-onset chronic progressive bone disease characterized by abnormal activation of osteoclasts that results in bone pain, deformities, and fractures. PDB is very rare in Asia. A subset of PDB patients have early onset and can develop malignant giant cell tumors (GCTs) of the bone (PDB/GCTs), which arise within Paget bone lesions; the result is a significantly higher mortality rate. SQSTM1, TNFRSF11A, OPG, VCP, and HNRNPA2B1 have been identified as pathogenic genes of PDB, and ZNF687 is the only confirmed gene to date known to cause PDB/GCT. However, the molecular mechanism underlying PDB/GCT has not been fully elucidated. Here, we investigate an extended Chinese pedigree with eight individuals affected by early-onset and polyostotic PDB, two of whom developed GCTs. We identified a heterozygous 4-bp deletion in the Profilin 1 (PFN1) gene (c.318_321delTGAC) by genetic linkage analysis and exome sequencing for the family. Sanger sequencing revealed another heterozygous 1-bp deletion in PFN1 (c.324_324delG) in a sporadic early-onset PDB/GCT patient, further proving its causative role. Interestingly, a heterozygous missense mutation of PFN1 (c.335 T > C) was identified in another PDB/GCT family, revealing that not only deletion but also missense mutations in PFN1 can cause PDB/GCT. Furthermore, we established a Pfn1-mutated mouse model (C57BL/6J mice) and successfully obtained Pagetic phenotypes in heterozygous mice, verifying loss of function of PFN1 as the cause of PDB/GCT development. In conclusion, our findings reveal mutations in PFN1 as the pathological mechanism in PDB/GCT, and we successfully established Pfn1-mutated mice as a suitable animal model for studying PDB-associated pathological mechanisms. The identification of PFN1 mutations has great diagnostic value for identifying PDB individuals predisposed toward developing GCTs. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Li
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaohui Tao
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Department of Radiation Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenkui Sun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhanying Wei
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Jiao
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Huizhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Wound Repair and Rehabilitation Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Baojie Li
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Bio-X Institutes, Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenlin Zhang
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Yue
- Shanghai Clinical Research Center of Bone Disease, Department of Osteoporosis and Bone Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
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18
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the role of genes and loci that predispose to Paget's disease of bone and related disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Studies over the past ten years have seen major advances in knowledge on the role of genetic factors in Paget's disease of bone (PDB). Genome wide association studies have identified six loci that predispose to the disease whereas family based studies have identified a further eight genes that cause PDB. This brings the total number of genes and loci implicated in PDB to fourteen. Emerging evidence has shown that a number of these genes also predispose to multisystem proteinopathy syndromes where PDB is accompanied by neurodegeneration and myopathy due to the accumulation of abnormal protein aggregates, emphasising the importance of defects in autophagy in the pathogenesis of PDB. Genetic factors play a key role in the pathogenesis of PDB and the studies in this area have identified several genes previously not suspected to play a role in bone metabolism. Genetic testing coupled to targeted therapeutic intervention is being explored as a way of halting disease progression and improving outcome before irreversible skeletal damage has occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navnit S Makaram
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
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19
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021. [PMID: 33488606 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206)] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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20
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Papa R, Penco F, Volpi S, Gattorno M. Actin Remodeling Defects Leading to Autoinflammation and Immune Dysregulation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:604206. [PMID: 33488606 PMCID: PMC7817698 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.604206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of monogenic immune-mediated diseases have been related to genes involved in pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Increasing evidences associate cytoskeleton defects to autoinflammatory diseases and primary immunodeficiencies. We reviewed the pathways of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in order to identify inflammatory and immunological manifestations associated to pathological variants. We list more than twenty monogenic diseases, ranging from pure autoinflammatory conditions as familial Mediterranean fever, mevalonate kinase deficiency and PAPA syndrome, to classic and novel primary immunodeficiencies as Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome and DOCK8 deficiency, characterized by the presence of concomitant inflammatory and autoimmune manifestations, such as vasculitis and cytopenia, to severe and recurrent infections. We classify these disorders according to the role of the mutant gene in actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and in particular as disorders of transcription, elongation, branching and activation of actin. This expanding field of rare immune disorders offers a new perspective to all immunologists to better understand the physiological and pathological role of actin cytoskeleton in cells of innate and adaptive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Papa
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Federica Penco
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Stefano Volpi
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Marco Gattorno
- Center for Autoinflammatory Diseases and Immunodeficiencies, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
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21
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Capasso M, Montella A, Tirelli M, Maiorino T, Cantalupo S, Iolascon A. Genetic Predisposition to Solid Pediatric Cancers. Front Oncol 2020; 10:590033. [PMID: 33194750 PMCID: PMC7656777 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.590033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Progresses over the past years have extensively improved our capacity to use genome-scale analyses—including high-density genotyping and exome and genome sequencing—to identify the genetic basis of pediatric tumors. In particular, exome sequencing has contributed to the evidence that about 10% of children and adolescents with tumors have germline genetic variants associated with cancer predisposition. In this review, we provide an overview of genetic variations predisposing to solid pediatric tumors (medulloblastoma, ependymoma, astrocytoma, neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, Wilms tumor, osteosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and Ewing sarcoma) and outline the biological processes affected by the involved mutated genes. A careful description of the genetic basis underlying a large number of syndromes associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer is also reported. We place particular emphasis on the emerging view that interactions between germline and somatic alterations are a key determinant of cancer development. We propose future research directions, which focus on the biological function of pediatric risk alleles and on the potential links between the germline genome and somatic changes. Finally, the importance of developing new molecular diagnostic tests including all the identified risk germline mutations and of considering the genetic predisposition in screening tests and novel therapies is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Capasso
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Matilde Tirelli
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy.,European School of Molecular Medicine, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Teresa Maiorino
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Sueva Cantalupo
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
| | - Achille Iolascon
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare e Biotecnologie Mediche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy.,CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, Naples, Italy
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22
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Liu Y, Zeng W, Ma C, Wang Z, Wang C, Li S, He W, Zhang Q, Xu J, Zhou C. Maackiain dampens osteoclastogenesis via attenuating RANKL-stimulated NF-κB signalling pathway and NFATc1 activity. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:12308-12317. [PMID: 32939977 PMCID: PMC7686960 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteolytic diseases are typified by over‐enhanced formation and resorbing function of osteoclasts and have a major impact on human health. Inhibition of osteoclastic differentiation and function is a key strategy for clinical therapy of osteolytic conditions. Maackiain is a natural compound extracted from Sophora flavescens, which has been applied to anti‐allergic and anti‐tumour treatments. The present results showed that Maackiain could restrain receptor activator of nuclear factor‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐stimulated osteoclast formation and hydroxyapatite resorption dose‐dependently, and interrupt the structures of F‐actin belts in the mature osteoclasts. It also repressed the expressions of osteoclast‐specific genes and proteins. Furthermore, Maackiain could inhibit RANKL‐stimulated NF‐κB and calcium signalling pathways, and dampen Nuclear factor of activated T cell cytoplasmic 1 activity, protein expression and translocation into the nucleus. These results revealed that Maackiain may have a potential therapeutic effect on osteoclast‐related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhao Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Weizai Zeng
- Chinese Medicine Hospital of Zengcheng District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Ma
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Shaobin Li
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei He
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwen Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiake Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chi Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Institute of Orthopedics, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Ralston SH. Bisphosphonates in the management of Paget's disease. Bone 2020; 138:115465. [PMID: 32512166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The first clinical use of bisphosphonates was in Paget's disease of bone (PDB) when disodium etidronate was found to be effective at suppressing metabolic activity of the disease. Subsequently, PDB became a testing ground for many bisphosphonates using changes in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as the primary outcome measure in clinical trials. Bisphosphonates are now considered to be the treatment of choice for PDB since they are highly effective at suppressing the elevations in bone turnover that are characteristic of the disease. Short term studies have shown that treatment with alendronate and risedronate can promote formation of lamellar bone in affected sites and improve x-ray appearances in some patients. Bisphosphonates have also been shown to improve bone pain in PDB and within the bisphosphonates, zoledronic acid (ZA) is most likely to give a favourable pain response. Many patients with PDB do not have pain however, even when there is increased metabolic activity and more research is needed to find out why this is the case. The effects of bisphosphonates on complications of PDB such as deformity, pathological fractures and deafness have not been adequately studied since most clinical trials have been short term and have not collected information on these important outcomes. The PRISM and PRISM-EZ studies investigated the long-term effects of bisphosphonates in patients with established PDB using a treat-to-target approach and showed that intensive bisphosphonate therapy aimed at normalising ALP was no more effective than symptom directed treatment with bisphosphonates at preventing complications of PDB. The Zoledronate in the Prevention of Paget's Disease (ZiPP) trial, which is currently in progress, seeks to determine whether early intervention with this potent bisphosphonate might be effective in preventing disease progression. Should the ZiPP study yield positive results, genetic testing coupled to prophylactic bisphosphonate therapy might represent a new indication for these highly effective inhibitors of bone resorption in future years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK.
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24
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Merlotti D, Materozzi M, Bianciardi S, Guarnieri V, Rendina D, Volterrani L, Bellan C, Mingiano C, Picchioni T, Frosali A, Orfanelli U, Cenci S, Gennari L. Mutation of PFN1 Gene in an Early Onset, Polyostotic Paget-like Disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2020; 105:5835857. [PMID: 32392277 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Paget disease of bone (PDB) is a metabolic bone disease whose genetic cause remains unknown in up to 50% of familial patients. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to investigate the underlying genetic defect in a large pedigree with a severe, early onset, autosomal dominant form of PDB across 3 generations. METHODS Whole exome sequencing was performed in affected and unaffected family members, and then mutation screening was replicated in a sample of PDB patients with early-onset, polyostotic PDB. RESULTS We identified a frameshift D107Rfs*3 mutation in PFN1 (encoding for profilin 1, a highly conserved regulator of actin-polymerization and cell motility) causing the truncation of the C-terminal part of the protein. The mutation was also detected in a 17-year-old asymptomatic family member who upon biochemical and radiological analyses was indeed found to be affected. Sequencing of the entire PFN1 coding region in unrelated PDB patients identified the same mutation in 1 patient. All mutation carriers had a reduced response to bisphosphonates, requiring multiple zoledronate infusions to control bone pain and achieve biochemical remission over a long term. In vitro osteoclastogenesis in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from mutation carriers showed a higher number of osteoclasts with PDB-like features. A similar phenotype was observed upon PFN1 silencing in murine bone marrow-derived monocytes, suggesting that the frameshift PFN1 mutation confers a loss of function in profilin 1 activity that induces PDB-like features in the osteoclasts, likely due to enhanced cell motility and actin ring formation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that PFN1 mutation causes an early onset, polyostotic PDB-like disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Merlotti
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Maria Materozzi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Bianciardi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Vito Guarnieri
- Medical Genetics Service, IRCCS "Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza" Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo (FG), Italy
| | - Domenico Rendina
- Department of Clinical and Surgical Sciences, Federico II University Medical School, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Volterrani
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Cristiana Bellan
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Christian Mingiano
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Picchioni
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Alessandro Frosali
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
| | - Ugo Orfanelli
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Simone Cenci
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Luigi Gennari
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neurosciences, University of Siena, Italy
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25
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Ralston SH. A New Gene for Susceptibility to Paget's Disease of Bone and for Multisystem Proteinopathy. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1385-1386. [PMID: 32589291 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stuart H Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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26
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Whyte MP, Campeau PM, McAlister WH, Roodman GD, Kurihara N, Nenninger A, Duan S, Gottesman GS, Bijanki VN, Sedighi H, Veis DJ, Mumm S. Juvenile Paget's Disease From Heterozygous Mutation of SP7 Encoding Osterix (Specificity Protein 7, Transcription Factor SP7). Bone 2020; 137:115364. [PMID: 32298837 PMCID: PMC8054448 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Juvenile Paget's disease (JPD) became in 1974 the commonly used name for ultra-rare heritable occurrences of rapid bone remodeling throughout of the skeleton that present in infancy or early childhood as fractures and deformity hallmarked biochemically by marked elevation of serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity (hyperphosphatasemia). Untreated, JPD can kill during childhood or young adult life. In 2002, we reported that homozygous deletion of the gene called tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11B (TNFRSF11B) encoding osteoprotegerin (OPG) explained JPD in Navajos. Soon after, other bi-allelic loss-of-function TNFRSF11B defects were identified in JPD worldwide. OPG inhibits osteoclastogenesis and osteoclast activity by decoying receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B (RANK) ligand (RANKL) away from its receptor RANK. Then, in 2014, we reported JPD in a Bolivian girl caused by a heterozygous activating duplication within TNFRSF11A encoding RANK. Herein, we identify mutation of a third gene underlying JPD. An infant girl began atraumatic fracturing of her lower extremity long-bones. Skull deformity and mild hearing loss followed. Our single investigation of the patient, when she was 15 years-of-age, showed generalized osteosclerosis and hyperostosis. DXA revealed a Z-score of +5.1 at her lumbar spine and T-score of +3.3 at her non-dominant wrist. Biochemical studies were consistent with positive mineral balance and several markers of bone turnover were elevated and included striking hyperphosphatasemia. Iliac crest histopathology was consistent with rapid skeletal remodeling. Measles virus transcripts, common in classic Paget's disease of bone, were not detected in circulating mononuclear cells. Then, reportedly, she responded to several months of alendronate therapy with less skeletal pain and correction of hyperphosphatasemia but had been lost to our follow-up. After we detected no defect in TNFRSF11A or B, trio exome sequencing revealed a de novo heterozygous missense mutation (c.926C>G; p.S309W) within SP7 encoding the osteoblast transcription factor osterix (specificity protein 7, transcription factor SP7). Thus, mutation of SP7 represents a third genetic cause of JPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Whyte
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Philippe M Campeau
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec H3T 1C5, Canada.
| | - William H McAlister
- Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - G David Roodman
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Nori Kurihara
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Angela Nenninger
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Shenghui Duan
- Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Gary S Gottesman
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Vinieth N Bijanki
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Homer Sedighi
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine at St. Louis Children's Hospital, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Deborah J Veis
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Steven Mumm
- Center For Metabolic Bone Disease and Molecular Research, Shriners Hospitals for Children - St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA; Division of Bone and Mineral Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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