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Lu Y, Yang R, Yin N, Faiola F. In vivo and in vitro transcriptomics meta-analyses reveal that BPA may affect TGF-beta signaling regardless of the toxicology system employed. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 285:117472. [PMID: 34082367 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Bisphenol A (BPA) is a high-production-volume monomer for the manufacture of a wide variety of polycarbonate plastics and resins. Evidence suggests BPA can induce carcinogenesis, reproductive toxicity, abnormal inflammatory or immune response, and developmental disorders of the brain or nervous system. However, whether BPA affects the very same basic molecular processes in all the in vivo and in vitro systems employed to exert its molecular mechanisms of toxicity remains to be clarified. In this study, we collected multi-source global transcriptomics datasets for BPA-exposed organisms and cells, and evaluated the adverse effects of BPA by using data integration and gene functional enrichment analyses. We found that BPA may affect basic cellular processes, such as cell growth, survival, proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis, independent of species and specific in vivo or in vitro systems. Mechanistically, BPA could regulate cell-extra cellular matrix interactions via challenging TGF-beta signaling pathways. Furthermore, we compared our in vitro BPA-dependent mouse embryoid body (EB) global differentiation transcriptomics with all the other datasets. We verified the EB-based toxicological system could recapitulate several in vivo and other in vitro findings very efficiently, and in a less time- and resource-consuming fashion. Taken together, this study emphasizes the utility of meta-analyses to understand common molecular mechanisms of toxicity of synthetic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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2
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Mesa AM, Mao J, Nanjappa MK, Medrano TI, Tevosian S, Yu F, Kinkade J, Lyu Z, Liu Y, Joshi T, Wang D, Rosenfeld CS, Cooke PS. Mice lacking uterine enhancer of zeste homolog 2 have transcriptomic changes associated with uterine epithelial proliferation. Physiol Genomics 2020; 52:81-95. [PMID: 31841397 PMCID: PMC7052568 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00098.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is a histone methyltransferase that suppresses gene expression. Previously, we developed a conditional null model where EZH2 is knocked out in uterus. Deletion of uterine EZH2 increased proliferation of luminal and glandular epithelial cells. Herein, we used RNA-Seq in wild-type (WT) and EZH2 conditional knockout (Ezh2cKO) uteri to obtain mechanistic insights into the gene expression changes that underpin the pathogenesis observed in these mice. Ovariectomized adult Ezh2cKO mice were treated with vehicle (V) or 17β-estradiol (E2; 1 ng/g). Uteri were collected at postnatal day (PND) 75 for RNA-Seq or immunostaining for epithelial proliferation. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis was used to link uterine gene expression patterns and epithelial proliferation. In V-treated mice, 88 transcripts were differentially expressed (DEG) in Ezh2cKO mice, and Bmp5, Crabp2, Lgr5, and Sprr2f were upregulated. E2 treatment resulted in 40 DEG with Krt5, Krt15, Olig3, Crabp1, and Serpinb7 upregulated in Ezh2cKO compared with control mice. Transcript analysis relative to proliferation rates revealed two module eigengenes correlated with epithelial proliferation in WT V vs. Ezh2cKO V and WT E2 vs. Ezh2cKO E2 mice, with a positive relationship in the former and inverse in the latter. Notably, the ESR1, Wnt, and Hippo signaling pathways were among those functionally enriched in Ezh2cKO females. Current results reveal unique gene expression patterns in Ezh2cKO uterus and provide insight into how loss of this critical epigenetic regulator assumingly contributes to uterine abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Mesa
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
- Grupo de Investigación en Génetica, Mejoramiento y Modelación Animal-GaMMA, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Jiude Mao
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | | | - Theresa I Medrano
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Sergei Tevosian
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Missouri
| | - Jessica Kinkade
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhen Lyu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Yang Liu
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia; Missouri
| | - Trupti Joshi
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Informatics Institute, University of Missouri, Columbia; Missouri
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Duolin Wang
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Christopher S. Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Missouri
- Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Paul S Cooke
- Department of Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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García EV, Hamdi M, Barrera AD, Sánchez-Calabuig MJ, Gutiérrez-Adán A, Rizos D. Bovine embryo-oviduct interaction in vitro reveals an early cross talk mediated by BMP signaling. Reproduction 2017; 153:631-643. [PMID: 28250237 DOI: 10.1530/rep-16-0654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Signaling components of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are expressed in an anatomically and temporally regulated fashion in bovine oviduct. However, a local response of this signaling to the presence of the embryo has yet to be elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate if early embryo-oviduct interaction induces changes in the gene expression of BMP signaling components. For this purpose, we used an in vitro co-culture system to investigate the local interaction between bovine oviductal epithelial cells (BOEC) from the isthmus region with early embryos during two developmental periods: before (from the 2-cell to 8-cell stage) or during (from the 8-cell to 16-cell stage) the main phase of embryonic genome activation (EGA). Exposure to embryos, irrespective of the period, significantly reduced the relative abundance of BMPR1B, BMPR2, SMAD1, SMAD6 and ID2 mRNAs in BOEC. In contrast, embryos that interacted with BOEC before EGA showed a significant increase in the relative abundance of SMAD1 mRNA at the 8-cell stage compared to embryos cultured without BOEC. Moreover, embryos at the 16-cell stage that interacted with BOEC during EGA showed a significant increase in BMPR1B, BMPR2 and ID2 mRNA. These results demonstrate that embryo-oviduct interaction in vitro induces specific changes in the transcriptional levels of BMP signaling, causing a bidirectional response that reduces the expression levels of this signaling in the oviductal cells while increases them in the early embryo. This suggests that BMP signaling pathway could be involved in an early cross talk between the bovine embryo and the oviduct during the first stages of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina V García
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain .,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología 'Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Meriem Hamdi
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio D Barrera
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Superior de Investigaciones Biológicas (INSIBIO)CONICET-UNT, and Instituto de Biología 'Dr. Francisco D. Barbieri', Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María J Sánchez-Calabuig
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Gutiérrez-Adán
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
| | - Dimitrios Rizos
- Departamento de Reproducción AnimalInstituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Madrid, Spain
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Richards EG, El-Nashar SA, Schoolmeester JK, Keeney GL, Mariani A, Hopkins MR, Dowdy SC, Daftary GS, Famuyide AO. Abnormal Uterine Bleeding Is Associated With Increased BMP7 Expression in Human Endometrium. Reprod Sci 2016; 24:671-681. [PMID: 28142396 DOI: 10.1177/1933719116671218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), a common health concern of women, is a heterogeneous clinical entity that is traditionally categorized into organic and nonorganic causes. Despite varied pharmacologic treatments, few offer sustained efficacy, as most are empiric, unfocused, and do not directly address underlying dysregulated molecular mechanisms. Characterization of such molecular derangements affords the opportunity to develop and use novel, more successful treatments for AUB. Given its implication in other organ systems, we hypothesized that bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) expression is altered in patients with AUB and hence comprehensively investigated dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways by systematically screening 489 samples from 365 patients for differences in the expression of BMP2, 4, 6, and 7 ligands, BMPR1A and B receptors, and downstream SMAD4, 6, and 7 proteins. Expression analysis was correlated clinically with data abstracted from medical records, including bleeding history, age at procedure, ethnicity, body mass index, hormone treatment, and histological diagnosis of fibroids, polyps, adenomyosis, hyperplasia, and cancer. Expression of BMP7 ligand was significantly increased in patients with AUB (H-score: 18.0 vs 26.7; P < .0001). Patients reporting heavy menstrual bleeding (menorrhagia) as their specific AUB pattern demonstrated significantly higher BMP7 expression. Significantly, no differences in the expression of any other BMP ligands, receptors, or SMAD proteins were observed in this large patient cohort. However, expression of BMPR1A, BMPR1B, and SMAD4 was significantly decreased in cancer compared to benign samples. Our study demonstrates that BMP7 is a promising target for future investigation and pharmacologic treatment of AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliott G Richards
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sherif A El-Nashar
- 2 Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospitals Case Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - John K Schoolmeester
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gary L Keeney
- 3 Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Andrea Mariani
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Matthew R Hopkins
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sean C Dowdy
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Gaurang S Daftary
- 1 Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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5
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Przybytkowski E, Ferrario C, Basik M. The use of ultra-dense array CGH analysis for the discovery of micro-copy number alterations and gene fusions in the cancer genome. BMC Med Genomics 2011; 4:16. [PMID: 21272361 PMCID: PMC3041991 DOI: 10.1186/1755-8794-4-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Molecular alterations critical to development of cancer include mutations, copy number alterations (amplifications and deletions) as well as genomic rearrangements resulting in gene fusions. Massively parallel next generation sequencing, which enables the discovery of such changes, uses considerable quantities of genomic DNA (> 5 ug), a serious limitation in ever smaller clinical samples. However, a commonly available microarray platforms such as array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH) allows the characterization of gene copy number at a single gene resolution using much smaller amounts of genomic DNA. In this study we evaluate the sensitivity of ultra-dense array CGH platforms developed by Agilent, especially that of the 1 million probe array (1 M array), and their application when whole genome amplification is required because of limited sample quantities. Methods We performed array CGH on whole genome amplified and not amplified genomic DNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells, using 244 K and 1 M Agilent arrays. The ADM-2 algorithm was used to identify micro-copy number alterations that measured less than 1 Mb in genomic length. Results DNA from MCF-7 breast cancer cells was analyzed for micro-copy number alterations, defined as measuring less than 1 Mb in genomic length. The 4-fold extra resolution of the 1 M array platform relative to the less dense 244 K array platform, led to the improved detection of copy number variations (CNVs) and micro-CNAs. The identification of intra-genic breakpoints in areas of DNA copy number gain signaled the possible presence of gene fusion events. However, the ultra-dense platforms, especially the densest 1 M array, detect artifacts inherent to whole genome amplification and should be used only with non-amplified DNA samples. Conclusions This is a first report using 1 M array CGH for the discovery of cancer genes and biomarkers. We show the remarkable capacity of this technology to discover CNVs, micro-copy number alterations and even gene fusions. However, these platforms require excellent genomic DNA quality and do not tolerate relatively small imperfections related to the whole genome amplification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Przybytkowski
- Department of Oncology, Lady Davis Institute, Sir Mortimer B, Davis Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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6
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Palijan A, Fernandes I, Verway M, Kourelis M, Bastien Y, Tavera-Mendoza LE, Sacheli A, Bourdeau V, Mader S, White JH. Ligand-dependent corepressor LCoR is an attenuator of progesterone-regulated gene expression. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30275-87. [PMID: 19744932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.051201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-dependent corepressor LCoR interacts with the progesterone receptor (PR) and estrogen receptor ERalpha in the presence of hormone. LCoR contains tandem N-terminal PXDLS motifs that recruit C-terminal-binding protein (CtBP) corepressors as well as a C-terminal helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain. Here, we analyzed the function of these domains in coregulation of PR- and ERalpha-regulated gene expression. LCoR and CtBP1 colocalize in nuclear bodies that also contain CtBP-interacting protein CtIP and polycomb group repressor complex marker BMI1. Coexpression of CtBP1 in MCF7 or T47D breast cancer cells augmented corepression by LCoR, whereas coexpression of CtIP did not, consistent with direct interaction of LCoR with CtBP1, but not CtIP. The N-terminal region containing the PXDLS motifs is necessary and sufficient for CTBP1 recruitment and essential for full corepression. However, LCoR function was also strongly dependent on the helix-turn-helix domain, as its deletion completely abolished corepression. LCoR, CtBP, and CtIP were recruited to endogenous PR- and ERalpha-stimulated genes in a hormone-dependent manner. Similarly, LCoR was recruited to estrogen-repressed genes, whereas hormone treatment reduced CtBP1 binding. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LCoR or CtBP1 augmented expression of progesterone- and estrogen-stimulated reporter genes as well as endogenous progesterone-stimulated target genes. In contrast, their ablation had gene-specific effects on ERalpha-regulated transcription that generally led to reduced gene expression. Taken together, these results show that multiple domains contribute to LCoR function. They also reveal a role for LCoR and CtBP1 as attenuators of progesterone-regulated transcription but suggest that LCoR and CtBP1 can act to enhance transcription of some genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Palijan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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7
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Palijan A, Fernandes I, Bastien Y, Tang L, Verway M, Kourelis M, Tavera-Mendoza LE, Li Z, Bourdeau V, Mader S, Yang XJ, White JH. Function of histone deacetylase 6 as a cofactor of nuclear receptor coregulator LCoR. J Biol Chem 2009; 284:30264-74. [PMID: 19744931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.045526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligand-dependent corepressor LCoR was identified as a protein that interacts with the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) ligand binding domain in a hormone-dependent manner. LCoR also interacts directly with histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) and HDAC6. Notably, HDAC6 has emerged as a marker of breast cancer prognosis. However, although HDAC3 is nuclear, HDAC6 is cytoplasmic in many cells. We found that HDAC6 is partially nuclear in estrogen-responsive MCF7 cells, colocalizes with LCoR, represses transactivation of estrogen-inducible reporter genes, and augments corepression by LCoR. In contrast, no repression was observed upon HDAC6 expression in COS7 cells, where it is exclusively cytoplasmic. LCoR binds to HDAC6 in vitro via a central domain, and repression by LCoR mutants lacking this domain was attenuated. Kinetic chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed hormone-dependent recruitment of LCoR to promoters of ERalpha-induced target genes in synchrony with ERalpha. HDAC6 was also recruited to these promoters, and repeat chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments confirmed the corecruitment of LCoR with ERalpha and with HDAC6. Remarkably, however, although we find evidence for corecruitment of LCoR and ERalpha on genes repressed by the receptor, LCoR and HDAC6 failed to coimmunoprecipitate, suggesting that they are part of distinct complexes on these genes. Although small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of LCoR or HDAC6 augmented expression of an estrogen-sensitive reporter gene in MCF7 cells, unexpectedly their ablation led to reduced expression of some endogenous estrogen target genes. Taken together, these data establish that HDAC6 can function as a cofactor of LCoR but suggest that they may act in enhance expressing some target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Palijan
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1Y6, Canada
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8
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McCullar JS, Oesterle EC. Cellular targets of estrogen signaling in regeneration of inner ear sensory epithelia. Hear Res 2009; 252:61-70. [PMID: 19450430 PMCID: PMC2975607 DOI: 10.1016/j.heares.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2008] [Revised: 01/16/2009] [Accepted: 01/22/2009] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen signaling in auditory and vestibular sensory epithelia is a newly emerging focus propelled by the role of estrogen signaling in many other proliferative systems. Understanding the pathways with which estrogen interacts can provide a means to identify how estrogen may modulate proliferative signaling in inner ear sensory epithelia. Reviewed herein are two signaling families, EGF and TGFbeta. Both pathways are involved in regulating proliferation of supporting cells in mature vestibular sensory epithelia and have well characterized interactions with estrogen signaling in other systems. It is becoming increasingly clear that elucidating the complexity of signaling in regeneration will be necessary for development of therapeutics that can initiate regeneration and prevent progression to a pathogenic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S. McCullar
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, CHDD CD176, P.O. Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Oesterle
- Virginia Merrill Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Washington, CHDD CD176, P.O. Box 357923, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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9
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Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease and classification is important for clinical management. At least five subtypes can be identified based on unique gene expression patterns; this subtype classification is distinct from the histopathological classification. The transcription factor network(s) required for the specific gene expression signature in each of these subtypes is currently being elucidated. The transcription factor network composed of the oestrogen (estrogen) receptor alpha (ERalpha), FOXA1 and GATA3 may control the gene expression pattern in luminal subtype A breast cancers. Breast cancers that are dependent on this network correspond to well-differentiated and hormone-therapy-responsive tumours with good prognosis. In this review, we discuss the interplay between these transcription factors with a particular emphasis on FOXA1 structure and function, and its ability to control ERalpha function. Additionally, we discuss modulators of FOXA1 function, ERalpha-FOXA1-GATA3 downstream targets, and potential therapeutic agents that may increase differentiation through FOXA1.
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10
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Infertile women with isolated polycystic ovaries are deficient in endometrial expression of osteopontin but not αvβ3 integrin during the implantation window. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:489-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2006] [Revised: 11/19/2007] [Accepted: 11/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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11
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Wang N, Lin KK, Lu Z, Lam KS, Newton R, Xu X, Yu Z, Gill GN, Andersen B. The LIM-only factor LMO4 regulates expression of the BMP7 gene through an HDAC2-dependent mechanism, and controls cell proliferation and apoptosis of mammary epithelial cells. Oncogene 2007; 26:6431-41. [PMID: 17452977 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear LIM-only protein 4 (LMO4) is upregulated in breast cancer, especially estrogen receptor-negative tumors, and its overexpression in mice leads to hyperplasia and tumor formation. Here, we show that deletion of LMO4 in the mammary glands of mice leads to impaired lobuloalveolar development due to decreased epithelial cell proliferation. With the goal of discovering potential LMO4-target genes, we also developed a conditional expression system in MCF-7 cells for both LMO4 and a dominant negative (DN) form of its co-regulator, cofactor of LIM domains (Clim/Ldb/Nli). We then used DNA microarrays to identify genes responsive to LMO4 and DN-Clim upregulation. One of the genes common to both data sets was bone morphogenic protein 7 (BMP7), whose expression is also significantly correlated with LMO4 transcript levels in a large dataset of human breast cancers, suggesting that BMP7 is a bona fide target gene of LMO4 in breast cancer. Inhibition of BMP7 partially blocks the effects of LMO4 on apoptosis, indicating that BMP7 mediates at least some functions of LMO4. Gene transfer studies show that LMO4 regulates the BMP7 promoter, and chromatin immunoprecipitation studies show that LMO4 and its cofactor Clim2 are recruited to the BMP7 promoter. Furthermore, we demonstrate that HDAC2 recruitment to the BMP7 promoter is inhibited by upregulation of LMO4 and that HDAC2 knockdown upregulates the promoter. These studies suggest a novel mechanism of action for LMO4: LMO4, Clim2 and HDAC2 are part of a transcriptional complex, and increased LMO4 levels can disrupt the complex, leading to decreased HDAC2 recruitment and increased promoter activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4030, USA
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12
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Dziadkowiec D, Krasowska A, Liebner A, Sigler K. Protective role of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase against high osmolarity, heat and metalloid stress inSaccharomyces cerevisiae. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2007; 52:120-6. [PMID: 17575910 DOI: 10.1007/bf02932150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Superoxide dismutases, both cytosolic Cu, Zn-SOD encoded by SOD1 and mitochondrial Mn-SOD encoded by SOD2, serve Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells for defense against the superoxide radical but the phenotypes of sod1A and sod2delta mutant strains are different. Compared with the parent strain and the sod1delta mutant, the sod2delta mutant shows a much more severe growth defect at elevated salt concentrations, which is partially rescued by 2 mmol/L glutathione. The growth of all three strains is reduced at 37 degrees C, the sod2delta showing the highest sensitivity, especially when cultured in air. Addition of 1 mmol/L glutathione to the medium restores aerobic growth of the sod1delta mutant but has only a minor effect on the growth of the sod2delta strain at 37 degrees C. The sod2delta strain is also sensitive to AsIIl and AsV and its sensitivity is much more pronounced under aerobic conditions. These results suggest that, unlike the Sodlp protein, whose major role is oxidative stress defense, Sod2p also plays a role in protecting S. cerevisiae cells against other stresses--high osmolarity, heat and metalloid stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Dziadkowiec
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Wrocław University, 51-148 Wrocław, Poland.
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13
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Abstract
Endocrine disrupters (ED) represent a good challenge for experimental toxicology. In order to deal with several critical points relevant to risk assessment: (a) ED may induce long-term effects upon exposure in susceptible developmental phases, including postnatal life up to puberty; thus, efforts are required to refine testing strategies, for example, by supporting the two-generation rodent study with a comprehensive in vitro/in vivo screening battery; (b) due to the regulatory role of endocrine homeostasis, mechanisms of endocrine disruption may impact on immune, neurobehavioral, and reproductive development, as well as on susceptibility to cancer; (c) the potential multiple exposure to ED with common targets through diet and/or living environment calls for the development of models to understand mechanisms of interactions and effects of mixtures; and (d) last but not least, ED may interact with a number of factors related to differential vulnerability of individuals or population subgroups, including the intake of nutrients or bioactive food components. Besides reducing the chance for noxious chemicals to enter our life, toxicological research on mechanisms may also lead to the definition of possible biomarkers of exposure, effect, and susceptibility that may be further exploited in human health surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Food Safety and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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14
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Zhu P, Baek SH, Bourk EM, Ohgi KA, Garcia-Bassets I, Sanjo H, Akira S, Kotol PF, Glass CK, Rosenfeld MG, Rose DW. Macrophage/cancer cell interactions mediate hormone resistance by a nuclear receptor derepression pathway. Cell 2006; 124:615-29. [PMID: 16469706 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2005.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2005] [Revised: 10/26/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Defining the precise molecular strategies that coordinate patterns of transcriptional responses to specific signals is central for understanding normal development and homeostasis as well as the pathogenesis of hormone-dependent cancers. Here we report specific prostate cancer cell/macrophage interactions that mediate a switch in function of selective androgen receptor antagonists/modulators (SARMs) from repression to activation in vivo. This is based on an evolutionarily conserved receptor N-terminal L/HX7LL motif, selectively present in sex steroid receptors, that causes recruitment of TAB2 as a component of an N-CoR corepressor complex. TAB2 acts as a sensor for inflammatory signals by serving as a molecular beacon for recruitment of MEKK1, which in turn mediates dismissal of the N-CoR/HDAC complex and permits derepression of androgen and estrogen receptor target genes. Surprisingly, this conserved sensor strategy may have arisen to mediate reversal of sex steroid-dependent repression of a limited cohort of target genes in response to inflammatory signals, linking inflammatory and nuclear receptor ligand responses to essential reproductive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Zhu
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Nishikawa M, Morikawa S, Shimizu K, Ezaki T. Apoptosis related to steroid sulfatase at the cone-shaped projection in nephron morphogenesis. Anat Sci Int 2006; 81:21-8. [PMID: 16526592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1447-073x.2006.00124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Steroid sulfatase (STS) is a microsomal enzyme catalysing the hydrolysis of steroid 3beta-sulfates, including estrogen sulfate, at organ target sites. Steroid sulfatase activity, as well as the activity of various estrogens, has been reported to influence the development of organs. In the kidney, progenitor cells of nephrons develop from mesenchymal cells and finally attach to the ureteric duct at the region termed the cone-shaped projection. However, the mechanisms of this process have not been fully investigated. In the present study, STS-related apoptosis occurring between the renal vesicle and ureteric duct was examined using immunohistochemical techniques. Immunoreactivity to STS was demonstrated at the cortical metanephric mesenchyme surrounding new vessels and was pronounced at the junction between the renal vesicle and ureteric duct (cone-shaped junction). Steroid sulfatase-transfected LLC-RK1 cells (rat proximal cell line) were also examined in vitro. Apoptosis occurred when an estrogen precursor (ELS) was added at concentrations between 10(-4) and 10(-2) mol/L. These results indicate that STS is synthesized in the progenitor cells of proximal tubules. Moreover, STS may be related to apoptosis occurring at the junction between the renal vesicle and ureteric duct in a manner proportional to the availability of STS precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megumi Nishikawa
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Japan.
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16
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Villeneuve DJ, Hembruff SL, Veitch Z, Cecchetto M, Dew WA, Parissenti AM. cDNA microarray analysis of isogenic paclitaxel- and doxorubicin-resistant breast tumor cell lines reveals distinct drug-specific genetic signatures of resistance. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005; 96:17-39. [PMID: 16322897 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-005-9026-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
cDNA microarray analysis is a highly useful tool for the classification of tumors and for prediction of patient prognosis to specific cancers based on this classification. However, to date, there is little evidence that microarray approaches can be used to reliably predict patient response to specific chemotherapy drugs or regimens. This is likely due to an inability to differentiate between genes affecting patient prognosis and genes that play a role in response to specific drugs. Thus, it would be highly useful to identify genes whose expression correlates with tumor cell sensitivity to specific chemotherapy agents in a drug-specific manner. Using cDNA microarray analysis of wildtype MCF-7 breast tumor cells and isogenic paclitaxel-resistant (MCF-7(TAX)) or doxorubicin-resistant (MCF-7(DOX)) derivative cell lines, we have uncovered drug-specific changes in gene expression that accompany the establishment of paclitaxel or doxorubicin resistance. These changes in gene expression were confirmed by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting experiments, with a confirmation rate of approximately 91-95%. The genes identified may prove highly useful for prediction of response to paclitaxel or doxorubicin in patients with breast cancer. To our knowledge this is the first report of drug-specific genetic signatures of resistance to paclitaxel or doxorubicin, based on a comparison of gene expression between isogenic wildtype and drug-resistant tumor cell lines. Moreover, this study provides significant insight into the wide variety of mechanisms through which resistance to these agents may be acquired in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Villeneuve
- Tumor Biology Research Program, Sudbury Regional Hospital, Sudbury, Ont., Canada
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17
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Dougherty DC, Sanders MM. Estrogen action: revitalization of the chick oviduct model. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2005; 16:414-9. [PMID: 16202618 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2005.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of investigation, the molecular pathways triggered by estrogen that lead to tissue-specific cell proliferation, differentiation and survival are only superficially understood. If we are to modulate the actions of estrogen selectively in these processes, continued investigation using biologically relevant models is essential. The chick oviduct emerged as an early model for investigating the mechanism of action of steroid hormones because of its exquisite responsiveness to them. Unfortunately, because of experimental limitations, this model has been neglected in the past decade. Reviving this model has become intellectually attractive and technically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawne C Dougherty
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, 6-155 Jackson Hall, 321 Church St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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