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Thijssen VLJL. Vascular galectins in tumor angiogenesis and cancer immunity. Semin Immunopathol 2024; 46:3. [PMID: 38990363 PMCID: PMC11239785 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-024-01014-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Sustained tumor angiogenesis, i.e., the induction and maintenance of blood vessel growth by tumor cells, is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The vascularization of malignant tissues not only facilitates tumor growth and metastasis, but also contributes to immune evasion. Important players in all these processes are the endothelial cells which line the luminal side of blood vessel. In the tumor vasculature, these cells are actively involved in angiogenesis as well in the hampered recruitment of immune cells. This is the result of the abnormal tumor microenvironment which triggers both angiostimulatory and immune inhibitory gene expression profiles in endothelial cells. In recent years, it has become evident that galectins constitute a protein family that is expressed in the tumor endothelium. Moreover, several members of this glycan-binding protein family have been found to facilitate tumor angiogenesis and stimulate immune suppression. All this has identified galectins as potential therapeutic targets to simultaneously hamper tumor angiogenesis and alleviate immune suppression. The current review provides a brief introduction in the human galectin protein family. The current knowledge regarding the expression and regulation of galectins in endothelial cells is summarized. Furthermore, an overview of the role that endothelial galectins play in tumor angiogenesis and tumor immunomodulation is provided. Finally, some outstanding questions are discussed that should be addressed by future research efforts. This will help to fully understand the contribution of endothelial galectins to tumor progression and to exploit endothelial galectins for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor L J L Thijssen
- Radiation Oncology, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Laboratory for Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Cancer Biology & Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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2
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Huang Z, Liu X, Huang S, Lu F. Galectin-receptor interaction: a key player in liver fibrosis induced by Schistosoma japonicum infection. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:232. [PMID: 38769548 PMCID: PMC11106894 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-024-06314-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosoma japonicum eggs lodge in the liver and induce a fibrotic granulomatous immune response in the liver of host. Galectin 3 (Gal-3) is a protein implicated in fibrosis in multiple organs. However, the pathology and molecular mechanisms promoting hepatic granuloma formation remain poorly understood. METHODS To investigate the effect of blocking galectin-receptor interactions by α-lactose on liver immunopathology in mice with S. japonicum infection, C57BL/6 mice were infected with S. japonicum and alpha (α)-lactose was intraperitoneally injected to block the interactions of galectins and their receptors. RESULTS Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, there were significantly decreased Gal-3 mRNA and protein expression levels, decreased intensity of Gal-3 fluorescence in the liver, decreased serum ALT and AST levels, decreased egg numbers of S. japonicum in the liver section, attenuated hepatic and spleen pathology, and alleviated liver fibrosis accompanied with decreased protein expression levels of fibrosis markers [α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, and collagen IV] in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions with hematoxylin-eosin staining, Masson's trichrome staining, immunohistochemistry, or Western blot analysis. Compared with S. japonicum-infected mice, blocking galectin-receptor interactions led to increased eosinophil infiltration and higher eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) expression in the liver, accompanied by increased mRNA levels of eosinophil granule proteins [ECP and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO)], IL-5, CCL11, and CCR3 in the liver and decreased mRNA levels of Gal-3 and M2 macrophage cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10, and IL-4) in the liver and spleen by using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. In addition, there were increased Beclin1 protein expression and protein expression ratio of LC3B-II/LC3B-I and decreased p62 protein expression and protein expression ratios of phospho-mTOR/mTOR and phospho-AKT/AKT by Western blot; increased double-labeled F4/80+/LC3B+ cells by immunofluorescence staining; increased M1 macrophage polarization in the liver of S. japonicum-infected mice blocked galectin-receptor interactions by flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence staining. CONCLUSIONS Our data found that blockage of galectin-receptor interactions downregulated Gal-3, which in turn led to reduced liver functional damage, elevated liver eosinophil recruitment, promoted macrophage autophagy through the Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, and alleviated liver pathology and fibrosis. Therefore, Gal-3 plays a pivotal role during S. japonicum infection and could be a target of pharmacologic potential for liver fibrosis induced by S. japonicum infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyun Huang
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingzhuo Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiguang Huang
- Shenzhen Nanyou Malt Dentistry Out-Patient Department, Shengzhen, China
- School of Stomatology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fangli Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
- Scientific Research Center, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Department of Parasitology, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease of the Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Yan L, Li Z, Li C, Chen J, Zhou X, Cui J, Liu P, Shen C, Chen C, Hong H, Xu G, Cui Z. Hspb1 and Lgals3 in spinal neurons are closely associated with autophagy following excitotoxicity based on machine learning algorithms. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0303235. [PMID: 38728287 PMCID: PMC11086895 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0303235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity represents the primary cause of neuronal death following spinal cord injury (SCI). While autophagy plays a critical and intricate role in SCI, the specific mechanism underlying the relationship between excitotoxicity and autophagy in SCI has been largely overlooked. In this study, we isolated primary spinal cord neurons from neonatal rats and induced excitotoxic neuronal injury by high concentrations of glutamic acid, mimicking an excitotoxic injury model. Subsequently, we performed transcriptome sequencing. Leveraging machine learning algorithms, including weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA), random forest analysis (RF), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis (LASSO), we conducted a comprehensive investigation into key genes associated with spinal cord neuron injury. We also utilized protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis to identify pivotal proteins regulating key gene expression and analyzed key genes from public datasets (GSE2599, GSE20907, GSE45006, and GSE174549). Our findings revealed that six genes-Anxa2, S100a10, Ccng1, Timp1, Hspb1, and Lgals3-were significantly upregulated not only in vitro in neurons subjected to excitotoxic injury but also in rats with subacute SCI. Furthermore, Hspb1 and Lgals3 were closely linked to neuronal autophagy induced by excitotoxicity. Our findings contribute to a better understanding of excitotoxicity and autophagy, offering potential targets and a theoretical foundation for SCI diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yan
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zihao Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chuanbo Li
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingyu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xun Zhou
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiaming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Peng Liu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chong Shen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Chu Chen
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hongxiang Hong
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Guanhua Xu
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhiming Cui
- The First People’s Hospital of Nantong, Research Institute for Spine and Spinal Cord Disease of Nantong University, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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4
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Zhou Z, Feng Z, Sun X, Wang Y, Dou G. The Role of Galectin-3 in Retinal Degeneration and Other Ocular Diseases: A Potential Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15516. [PMID: 37958500 PMCID: PMC10649114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 is the most studied member of the Galectin family, with a large range of mediation in biological activities such as cell growth, proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, cell adhesion, and tissue repair, as well as in pathological processes such as inflammation, tissue fibrosis, and angiogenesis. As is known to all, inflammation, aberrant cell apoptosis, and neovascularization are the main pathophysiological processes in retinal degeneration and many ocular diseases. Therefore, the review aims to conclude the role of Gal3 in the retinal degeneration of various diseases as well as the occurrence and development of the diseases and discuss its molecular mechanisms according to research in systemic diseases. At the same time, we summarized the predictive role of Gal3 as a biomarker and the clinical application of its inhibitors to discuss the possibility of Gal3 as a novel target for the treatment of ocular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yusheng Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
| | - Guorui Dou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Chinese PLA, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China; (Z.Z.); (Z.F.); (X.S.)
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Zheng L, Xia J, Ge P, Meng Y, Li W, Li M, Wang M, Song C, Fan Y, Zhou Y. The interrelation of galectins and autophagy. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 120:110336. [PMID: 37262957 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital physiological process that maintains intracellular homeostasis by removing damaged organelles and senescent or misfolded molecules. However, excessive autophagy results in cell death and apoptosis, which will lead to a variety of diseases. Galectins are a type of animal lectin that binds to β-galactosides and can bind to the cell surface or extracellular matrix glycans, affecting a variety of immune processes in vivo and being linked to the development of many diseases. In many cases, galectins and autophagy both play important regulatory roles in the cellular life course, yet our understanding of the relationship between them is still incomplete. Galectins and autophagy may share common etiological cofactors for some diseases. Hence, we summarize the relationship between galectins and autophagy, aiming to draw attention to the existence of multiple associations between galectins and autophagy in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, which provide new ideas for etiological diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic targets for related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujuan Zheng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Jing Xia
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Pengyu Ge
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuhan Meng
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Weili Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Mingming Li
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Chengcheng Song
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yuying Fan
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
| | - Yifa Zhou
- Engineering Research Center of Glycoconjugates of Ministry of Education, Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Biology of Changbai Mountain Natural Drugs, School of Life Sciences, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China.
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The Molecular Heterogeneity of Store-Operated Ca 2+ Entry in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Different roles of Orai1 and TRPC1/TRPC4 Channels in the Transition from Ca 2+-Selective to Non-Selective Cation Currents. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043259. [PMID: 36834672 PMCID: PMC9967124 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) is activated in response to the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3)-dependent depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca2+ store and represents a ubiquitous mode of Ca2+ influx. In vascular endothelial cells, SOCE regulates a plethora of functions that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, such as angiogenesis, vascular tone, vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, and monocyte adhesion. The molecular mechanisms responsible for SOCE activation in vascular endothelial cells have engendered a long-lasting controversy. Traditionally, it has been assumed that the endothelial SOCE is mediated by two distinct ion channel signalplexes, i.e., STIM1/Orai1 and STIM1/Transient Receptor Potential Canonical 1(TRPC1)/TRPC4. However, recent evidence has shown that Orai1 can assemble with TRPC1 and TRPC4 to form a non-selective cation channel with intermediate electrophysiological features. Herein, we aim at bringing order to the distinct mechanisms that mediate endothelial SOCE in the vascular tree from multiple species (e.g., human, mouse, rat, and bovine). We propose that three distinct currents can mediate SOCE in vascular endothelial cells: (1) the Ca2+-selective Ca2+-release activated Ca2+ current (ICRAC), which is mediated by STIM1 and Orai1; (2) the store-operated non-selective current (ISOC), which is mediated by STIM1, TRPC1, and TRPC4; and (3) the moderately Ca2+-selective, ICRAC-like current, which is mediated by STIM1, TRPC1, TRPC4, and Orai1.
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Chen S, Wei X, Zhang X, Yao M, Qiu Z, Chen L, Zhang L. Supplementation with Tex261 provides a possible preventive treatment for hypoxic pulmonary artery hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1028058. [PMID: 36408272 PMCID: PMC9669906 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1028058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Pulmonary artery hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease for which there is no effective treatment. Its pathogenesis is complex and has not yet been clarified. Tex261 is a protein-coding gene whose functional enrichment nodes include the transporter activity of COP II. However, the role of Tex261 in PAH remains unknown. Methods: Sugen5416/Hypoxic PAH models were established, and pulmonary arteries (PAs) were isolated for proteomic sequencing. The binding sites between Hif-1α and Tex261 were verified by dual-luciferase reporter gene assay. Cell proliferation was detected by MTS and EdU assays. For determination of the preventive and therapeutic effects of Tex261, intratracheal instillation of adeno-associated virus (AVV6) with Tex261 vectors was performed. Results: Tex261 was screened according to the proteomic sequencing data. Hif-1α inhibited Tex261 promoter activity under hypoxia. Decreased Tex261 expression promoted PASMC proliferation. Tex261 regulated Sec23 via the Ndrg1-mediated Akt pathway. Tex261 overexpression improved the pressure and vessel remodeling of PAs induced by Sugen5416/hypoxia. Conclusion: Hypoxia suppressed Tex261 expression through Hif-1α activation. The decreased Tex261 could promote Ndrg1 and depress Akt activity and then inhibit Sec23 activity, which leads to cell proliferation and vessel remodeling. Elevated Tex261 has some preventive and therapeutic effects on rats with PAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaokun Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaozhen Wei
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mengge Yao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhihuang Qiu
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liangwan Chen
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Pathophysiology, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuzhou, China
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Mansour SM, Abd El-Aal SA, El-Abhar HS, Ahmed KA, Awny MM. Repositioning of Ticagrelor: Renoprotection mediated by modulating renin-angiotensin system, inflammation, autophagy and galectin-3. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 918:174793. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Tang L, Chen P, Yang L, Liu J, Zheng Y, Lin J, Chen S, Luo Y, Chen Y, Ma X, Zhang L. Transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in extrauterine growth restriction-induced pulmonary arterial pressure disorders. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1551. [PMID: 34790757 PMCID: PMC8576681 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-4715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background This study aimed to investigate the influence of extrauterine growth restriction (EUGR) on pulmonary arterial pressure (PAP) and the transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (PVECs) of 2 consecutive generations under EUGR stress. Methods After modeling, PAP values of F1 and F2 pups were investigated at 9-week-old. The methyl-DNA immune precipitation chip was used to analyze DNA methylation profiling. Differential enrichment peaks (DEPs) and regions of interest (ROIs) were identified, based on which Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway, and reactome pathway enrichments were analyzed. Results The F1 male rats in the EUGR group had significantly increased PAP levels compared to the control group; however, this increase was not observed in female rats. Interestingly, in F2 female rats, the EUGR group had decreased PAP. In the X chromosome of the F1 males, there were 16 differential ROI genes in the F1 generation, while in F2 females, there were 86 differential ROI genes. Similarly, there were 105 DEPs in the F1 generation and 38 DEPs in the F2 generation. In combination with the 5 common ROIs and 14 common DEPs, 18 genes were regarded as the key candidate genes associated with hereditable PAP variation in the EUGR model. Enrichment analysis showed that synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways might be involved in the process of EUGR-induced PAH development. Among common DEPs, Smad1 and Serpine1 were also found in 102 PAH-associated genes in the MalaCards database. Conclusions Together, there is a transgenerational inheritance of promoter methylation changes in the X chromosome in EUGR-induced PAP disorders, which involves the participation of synaptic and neurotransmitter relative pathways. Also, attenuated methylation of Smad1 and Serpine1 in the promoter region may be a partial driver of PAH in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Medical Center Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Unimed Scientific Inc., Wuxi, China
| | - Jiyuan Liu
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yuanfang Zheng
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jincai Lin
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Senhua Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yinzhu Luo
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Chen
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoying Ma
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Department of Neonatology, The Affiliated Fuzhou Children Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
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Zergane M, Kuebler WM, Michalick L. Heteromeric TRP Channels in Lung Inflammation. Cells 2021; 10:cells10071654. [PMID: 34359824 PMCID: PMC8307017 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels can disrupt endothelial barrier function, as their mediated Ca2+ influx activates the CaM (calmodulin)/MLCK (myosin light chain kinase)-signaling pathway, and thereby rearranges the cytoskeleton, increases endothelial permeability and thus can facilitate activation of inflammatory cells and formation of pulmonary edema. Interestingly, TRP channel subunits can build heterotetramers, whereas heteromeric TRPC1/4, TRPC3/6 and TRPV1/4 are expressed in the lung endothelium and could be targeted as a protective strategy to reduce endothelial permeability in pulmonary inflammation. An update on TRP heteromers and their role in lung inflammation will be provided with this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryam Zergane
- Institute of Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (L.M.)
| | - Wolfgang M. Kuebler
- Institute of Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (L.M.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10785 Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392 Gießen, Germany
- The Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Correspondence:
| | - Laura Michalick
- Institute of Physiology, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (M.Z.); (L.M.)
- German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), 10785 Berlin, Germany
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Tan Y, Zheng Y, Xu D, Sun Z, Yang H, Yin Q. Galectin-3: a key player in microglia-mediated neuroinflammation and Alzheimer's disease. Cell Biosci 2021; 11:78. [PMID: 33906678 PMCID: PMC8077955 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-021-00592-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia and is characterized by the deposition of extracellular aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ), the formation of intraneuronal tau neurofibrillary tangles and microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation. One of the key molecules involved in microglial activation is galectin-3 (Gal-3). In recent years, extensive studies have dissected the mechanisms by which Gal-3 modulates microglial activation, impacting Aβ deposition, in both animal models and human studies. In this review article, we focus on the emerging role of Gal-3 in biology and pathobiology, including its origin, its functions in regulating microglial activation and neuroinflammation, and its emergence as a biomarker in AD and other neurodegenerative diseases. These aspects are important to elucidate the involvement of Gal-3 in AD pathogenesis and may provide novel insights into the use of Gal-3 for AD diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Tan
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Yanqun Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The Dongshan Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, 276017, Shandong, China
| | - Daiwen Xu
- Department of Neurology, The People Hospital of Huaiyin Jinan, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Zhanfang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Qingqing Yin
- Department of Geriatric Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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