1
|
Petrusca DN, Lee KP, Galson DL. Role of Sphingolipids in Multiple Myeloma Progression, Drug Resistance, and Their Potential as Therapeutic Targets. Front Oncol 2022; 12:925807. [PMID: 35756630 PMCID: PMC9213658 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.925807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incapacitating hematological malignancy characterized by accumulation of cancerous plasma cells in the bone marrow (BM) and production of an abnormal monoclonal protein (M-protein). The BM microenvironment has a key role in myeloma development by facilitating the growth of the aberrant plasma cells, which eventually interfere with the homeostasis of the bone cells, exacerbating osteolysis and inhibiting osteoblast differentiation. Recent recognition that metabolic reprograming has a major role in tumor growth and adaptation to specific changes in the microenvironmental niche have led to consideration of the role of sphingolipids and the enzymes that control their biosynthesis and degradation as critical mediators of cancer since these bioactive lipids have been directly linked to the control of cell growth, proliferation, and apoptosis, among other cellular functions. In this review, we present the recent progress of the research investigating the biological implications of sphingolipid metabolism alterations in the regulation of myeloma development and its progression from the pre-malignant stage and discuss the roles of sphingolipids in in MM migration and adhesion, survival and proliferation, as well as angiogenesis and invasion. We introduce the current knowledge regarding the role of sphingolipids as mediators of the immune response and drug-resistance in MM and tackle the new developments suggesting the manipulation of the sphingolipid network as a novel therapeutic direction for MM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela N Petrusca
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kelvin P Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Deborah L Galson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) Hillman Cancer Center, McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, HCC Research Pavilion, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hwang Y, Kim HC, Shin EJ. BKM120 alters the migration of doublecortin-positive cells in the dentate gyrus of mice. Pharmacol Res 2022; 179:106226. [PMID: 35460881 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BKM120 is an inhibitor of class I phosphoinositide 3-kinases and its anti-cancer effects have been demonstrated in various solid cancer models. BKM120 is highly brain permeable and has been reported to induce mood disturbances in clinical trials. Therefore, we examined whether BKM120 produces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice, as with patients receiving BKM120 in clinical trials. In this study, repeated BKM120 treatment (2.0 or 5.0mg/kg, i.p., five times at 12-h interval) significantly induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors in mice. Although abnormal changes in hippocampal neurogenesis have been suggested to, at least in part, associated with the pathogenesis of depression and anxiety, BKM120 did not affect the incorporation of 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine or the expression of doublecortin (DCX); however, it significantly enhanced the radial migration of DCX-positive cells in the dentate gyrus. BKM120-induced changes in migration were not accompanied by obvious neuronal damage in the hippocampus. Importantly, BKM120-induced anxiety- and depression-like behaviors were positively correlated with the extent of DCX-positive cell migration. Concomitantly, p-Akt expression was significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus. Moreover, the expression of p-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p-DCX, and Ras homolog family member A (RhoA)-GTP decreased significantly, particularly in aberrantly migrated DCX-positive cells. Together, the results suggest that repeated BKM120 treatment enhances the radial migration of DCX-positive cells and induces anxiety- and depression-like behaviors by regulating the activity of Akt, JNK, DCX, and RhoA in the dentate gyrus. It also suggests that the altered migration of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus plays a role in mood disturbances.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yeonggwang Hwang
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| | - Eun-Joo Shin
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology Program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Pablos M, Casanueva-Álvarez E, González-Casimiro CM, Merino B, Perdomo G, Cózar-Castellano I. Primary Cilia in Pancreatic β- and α-Cells: Time to Revisit the Role of Insulin-Degrading Enzyme. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:922825. [PMID: 35832432 PMCID: PMC9271624 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.922825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is a narrow organelle located at the surface of the cell in contact with the extracellular environment. Once underappreciated, now is thought to efficiently sense external environmental cues and mediate cell-to-cell communication, because many receptors, ion channels, and signaling molecules are highly or differentially expressed in primary cilium. Rare genetic disorders that affect cilia integrity and function, such as Bardet-Biedl syndrome and Alström syndrome, have awoken interest in studying the biology of cilium. In this review, we discuss recent evidence suggesting emerging roles of primary cilium and cilia-mediated signaling pathways in the regulation of pancreatic β- and α-cell functions, and its implications in regulating glucose homeostasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Pablos
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- *Correspondence: Marta Pablos,
| | - Elena Casanueva-Álvarez
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos M. González-Casimiro
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Merino
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Germán Perdomo
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Irene Cózar-Castellano
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Unidad de Excelencia Instituto de Biología y Genética Molecular, University of Valladolid Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas Asociadas (CIBERDEM), Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee R, Lee BH, Choi SH, Cho YJ, Cho HS, Kim HC, Rhim H, Cho IH, Rhee MH, Nah SY. Effects of Gintonin-enriched fraction on the gene expression of six lysophosphatidic receptor subtypes. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:583-590. [PMID: 34803428 PMCID: PMC8587509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gintonin, isolated from ginseng, acts as a ginseng-derived lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand and elicits the [Ca2+]i transient through six LPA receptor subtypes (LPARSs). However, the long-term effects of gintonin-enriched fraction (GEF) on the gene expression of six LPARSs remain unknown. We examined changes in the gene expression of six LPA receptors in the mouse whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, spleen, small intestine, colon, and testis after long-term oral GEF administration. Methods C57BL/6 mice were divided into two groups: control vehicle and GEF (100 mg/kg, p.o.). After 21-day saline or GEF treatment, total RNA was extracted from nine mouse organs. Quantitative-real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and western blot were performed to quantify changes in the gene and protein expression of the six LPARSs, respectively. Results qRT-PCR analysis before GEF treatment revealed that the LPA6 RS was predominant in all organs except the small intestine. The LPA2 RS was most abundant in the small intestine. Long-term GEF administration differentially regulated the six LPARSs. Upon GEF treatment, the LPA6 RS significantly increased in the liver, small intestine, colon, and testis but decreased in the whole brain, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Western blot analysis of the LPA6 RS confirmed the differential effects of GEF on LPA6 receptor protein levels in the whole brain, liver, small intestine, and testis. Conclusion The LPA6 receptor was predominantly expressed in all nine organs examined; long-term oral GEF administration differentially regulated LPA3, LPA4, and LPA6 receptors in the whole brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidneys, small intestine, and testis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rami Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hwan Lee
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Choi
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Jin Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Sung Cho
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoung-Chun Kim
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Toxicology program, College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyewhon Rhim
- Center for Neuroscience, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ik-Hyun Cho
- Department of Convergence Medical Science, Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Man Hee Rhee
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology and Cell Signaling, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yeol Nah
- Ginsentology Research Laboratory and Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Kasahara K, Inagaki M. Primary ciliary signaling: links with the cell cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2021; 31:954-964. [PMID: 34420822 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary cilia are solitary, microtubule-based structures emanating from the surface of most vertebrate cells. Although it is understood that ciliary assembly and disassembly both depend upon and impact cell cycle progression, critical mechanistic details of these links remain unresolved. Accumulating evidence shows that the signaling pathways downstream of receptor tyrosine kinases and lysophosphatidic acid receptors control the dynamics of primary cilia. It has also become clear that primary cilia not only serve as signaling hubs but also regulate the composition of the surrounding membrane, which is likely to affect the response to growth factors. Here, we overview recent advances in understanding the interplay between primary cilia and the cell cycle, with a focus on growth factor signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Kasahara
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masaki Inagaki
- Department of Physiology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ramaiah MJ, Kumar KR. mTOR-Rictor-EGFR axis in oncogenesis and diagnosis of glioblastoma multiforme. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:4813-4835. [PMID: 34132942 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06462-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the aggressive brain cancers with patients having less survival period upto 12-15 months. Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase, belongs to the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3K) pathway and is involved in various cellular processes of cancer cells. Cancer metabolism is regulated by mTOR and its components. mTOR forms two complexes as mTORC1 and mTORC2. Studies have identified the key component of the mTORC2 complex, Rapamycin-insensitive companion of mammalian target of rapamycin (Rictor) plays a prominent role in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation and metabolism. Apart, growth factor receptor signaling such as epidermal growth factor signaling mediated by epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates cancer-related processes. In EGFR signaling various other signaling cascades such as phosphatidyl-inositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR pathway) and Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase/ERK kinase (MEK)/extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) -dependent signaling cross-talk each other. From various studies about GBM, it is very well established that Rictor and EGFR mediated signaling pathways majorly playing a pivotal role in chemoresistance and tumor aggressiveness. Recent studies have shown that non-coding RNAs such as microRNAs (miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate the EGFR and Rictor and sensitize the cells towards chemotherapeutic agents. Thus, understanding of microRNA mediated regulation of EGFR and Rictor will help in cancer prevention and management as well as a future therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Janaki Ramaiah
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
- School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - K Rohil Kumar
- Functional Genomics and Disease Biology Laboratory, School of Chemical and Biotechnology (SCBT), SASTRA Deemed University, Tirumalaisamudram, Thanjavur, 613401, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu N, Wang Y, Li T, Feng X. G-Protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs): Signaling Pathways, Characterization, and Functions in Insect Physiology and Toxicology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105260. [PMID: 34067660 PMCID: PMC8156084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are known to play central roles in the physiology of many organisms. Members of this seven α-helical transmembrane protein family transduce the extracellular signals and regulate intracellular second messengers through coupling to heterotrimeric G-proteins, adenylate cyclase, cAMPs, and protein kinases. As a result of the critical function of GPCRs in cell physiology and biochemistry, they not only play important roles in cell biology and the medicines used to treat a wide range of human diseases but also in insects’ physiological functions. Recent studies have revealed the expression and function of GPCRs in insecticide resistance, improving our understanding of the molecular complexes governing the development of insecticide resistance. This article focuses on the review of G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling pathways in insect physiology, including insects’ reproduction, growth and development, stress responses, feeding, behaviors, and other physiological processes. Hormones and polypeptides that are involved in insect GPCR regulatory pathways are reviewed. The review also gives a brief introduction of GPCR pathways in organisms in general. At the end of the review, it provides the recent studies on the function of GPCRs in the development of insecticide resistance, focusing in particular on our current knowledge of the expression and function of GPCRs and their downstream regulation pathways and their roles in insecticide resistance and the regulation of resistance P450 gene expression. The latest insights into the exciting technological advances and new techniques for gene expression and functional characterization of the GPCRs in insects are provided.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Liu
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-334-844-5076
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (Y.W.); (T.L.)
| | - Xuechun Feng
- Department of Biology Sciences, University of California, San Diego, CA 92093, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jang KB, Purvis JM, Kim SW. Supplemental effects of dietary lysophospholipids in lactation diets on sow performance, milk composition, gut health, and gut-associated microbiome of offspring. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5873431. [PMID: 32681642 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary lysophospholipids (LPL) would influence milk composition of sows, thus positively affect intestinal health of offspring. The objective of this study was to determine effects of dietary LPL fed to lactating sows on performance, milk characteristics, gut health, and gut-associated microbiome of offspring. Sixty pregnant sows were allotted to 2 treatments in a randomized complete block design with parity and BW as blocks on day 110 of gestation. Treatments were CON (no added LPL) and LPL (0.05% LPL; Lipidol-Ultra, Pathway Intermediates, Shrewsbury, UK). Sows were fed 2 kg/d from day 110 of gestation until farrowing and ad libitum after farrowing. Diets were formulated to meet NRC requirement for lactating sows. Colostrum and milk samples from 12 sows per treatment were collected to measure nutrients and immunoglobulins on days 1 and 18 of lactation, respectively. Twelve piglets per treatment (1 piglet per litter) were euthanized on day 18 to collect tissues to measure tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-8 (IL-8), malondialdehyde, protein carbonyl, IgA, histomorphology, crypt cell proliferation rate, and microbiota in the jejunum and colon. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS, and the mortality was analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. There was no difference in sow BW, parity, and litter size between treatments on day 0 of lactation. Sows fed LPL had increased (P < 0.05) litter BW gain (53.9 vs. 59.4 kg) and decreased piglet mortality (13.9% vs. 10.6%) on day 18 of lactation. Sows fed LPL had increased (P < 0.05) omega-6:omega-3 (22.1 vs. 23.7) and unsaturated:saturated (1.4 vs. 1.6) fatty acids ratios with increased oleic acid (29.1% vs. 31.4%) and tended to have increased (P = 0.092) IgG (1.14 vs. 1.94 g/L) and linoleic acid (17.7% vs. 18.7%) in the milk on day 18 of lactation. Piglets from sows fed LPL had increased (P < 0.05) IL-8 (184 vs. 245 pg/mg) and crypt cell proliferation rate (39.4% vs. 40.9%) and tended to have increased (P = 0.095) Firmicutes:Bacteroidetes ratio (1.0 vs. 3.5) in the jejunum. In conclusion, sows fed with LPL had milk with increased IgG, oleic acids, and linoleic acids without changes in BW and backfat during lactation. These changes could contribute to improved survivability and intestinal health of piglets by increasing IL-8 concentration, enhancing balance among gut-associated microbiome, and increasing enterocyte proliferation in the jejunum.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Beom Jang
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | | | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Riboni L, Abdel Hadi L, Navone SE, Guarnaccia L, Campanella R, Marfia G. Sphingosine-1-Phosphate in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Signaling Hub Regulating Cancer Hallmarks. Cells 2020; 9:cells9020337. [PMID: 32024090 PMCID: PMC7072483 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
As a key hub of malignant properties, the cancer microenvironment plays a crucial role intimately connected to tumor properties. Accumulating evidence supports that the lysophospholipid sphingosine-1-phosphate acts as a key signal in the cancer extracellular milieu. In this review, we have a particular focus on glioblastoma, representative of a highly aggressive and deleterious neoplasm in humans. First, we highlight recent advances and emerging concepts for how tumor cells and different recruited normal cells contribute to the sphingosine-1-phosphate enrichment in the cancer microenvironment. Then, we describe and discuss how sphingosine-1-phosphate signaling contributes to favor cancer hallmarks including enhancement of proliferation, stemness, invasion, death resistance, angiogenesis, immune evasion and, possibly, aberrant metabolism. We also discuss the potential of how sphingosine-1-phosphate control mechanisms are coordinated across distinct cancer microenvironments. Further progress in understanding the role of S1P signaling in cancer will depend crucially on increasing knowledge of its participation in the tumor microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riboni
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Loubna Abdel Hadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, LITA-Segrate, University of Milan, via Fratelli Cervi, 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefania Elena Navone
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Laura Guarnaccia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Laboratory of Experimental Neurosurgery and Cell Therapy, Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, via Francesco Sforza 35, 20122 Milan, Italy (L.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Haak AJ, Ducharme MT, Diaz Espinosa AM, Tschumperlin DJ. Targeting GPCR Signaling for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Therapies. Trends Pharmacol Sci 2020; 41:172-182. [PMID: 32008852 DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2019.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, largely through their promotion of profibrotic fibroblast activation. By contrast, recent work has highlighted the beneficial effects of Gαs-coupled GPCRs on reducing fibroblast activation and fibrosis. This review highlights how fibrosis-promoting and -inhibiting GPCR signaling converges on downstream signaling and transcriptional effectors, and how the diversity and dynamics of GPCR expression challenge efforts to identify effective therapies for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Next-generation strategies to overcome these challenges, focusing on target selection, polypharmacology, and personalized medicine approaches, are discussed as a path towards more effective GPCR-targeted therapies for pulmonary fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Haak
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
| | - Merrick T Ducharme
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Ana M Diaz Espinosa
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Wang Y, Lan Y, Lu H. Opsin3 Downregulation Induces Apoptosis of Human Epidermal Melanocytes via Mitochondrial Pathway. Photochem Photobiol 2020; 96:83-93. [PMID: 31730232 PMCID: PMC7004086 DOI: 10.1111/php.13178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
G protein‐coupled receptors (GPCRs) are core switches connecting excellular survival or death signals with cellular signaling pathways in a context‐dependent manner. Opsin 3 (OPN3) belongs to the GPCR superfamily. However, whether OPN3 can control the survival or death of human melanocytes is not known. Here, we try to investigate the inherent function of OPN3 on the survival of melanocytes. Our results demonstrate that OPN3 knockdown by RNAi‐OPN3 in human epidermal melanocytes leads to cell apoptosis. The downregulation of OPN3 markedly reduces intracellular calcium levels and decreases phosphorylation of BAD. Attenuated BAD phosphorylation and elevated BAD protein level alter mitochondria membrane permeability, which trigger activation of BAX and inhibition of BCL‐2 and raf‐1. Activated BAX results in the release of cytochrome c and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Cytochrome c complexes associate with caspase 9, forming a postmitochondrial apoptosome that activate effector caspases including caspase 3 and caspase 7. The release of apoptotic molecules eventually promotes the occurrence of apoptosis. In conclusion, we hereby are the first to prove that OPN3 is a key signal responsible for cell survival through a calcium‐dependent G protein‐coupled signaling and mitochondrial pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Yinghua Lan
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Hongguang Lu
- Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sposito AC, de Lima-Junior JC, Moura FA, Barreto J, Bonilha I, Santana M, Virginio VW, Sun L, Carvalho LSF, Soares AA, Nadruz W, Feinstein SB, Nofer JR, Zanotti I, Kontush A, Remaley AT. Reciprocal Multifaceted Interaction Between HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein) and Myocardial Infarction. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:1550-1564. [DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of therapeutic advances, myocardial infarction remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Recent studies have identified HDLs (high-density lipoproteins) as a potential candidate for mitigating coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury via a broad spectrum of signaling pathways. HDL ligands, such as S1P (sphingosine-1-phosphate), Apo (apolipoprotein) A-I, clusterin, and miRNA, may influence the opening of the mitochondrial channel, insulin sensitivity, and production of vascular autacoids, such as NO, prostacyclin, and endothelin-1. In parallel, antioxidant activity and sequestration of oxidized molecules provided by HDL can attenuate the oxidative stress that triggers ischemia/reperfusion. Nevertheless, during myocardial infarction, oxidation and the capture of oxidized and proinflammatory molecules generate large phenotypic and functional changes in HDL, potentially limiting its beneficial properties. In this review, new findings from cellular and animal models, as well as from clinical studies, will be discussed to describe the cardioprotective benefits of HDL on myocardial infarction. Furthermore, mechanisms by which HDL modulates cardiac function and potential strategies to mitigate postmyocardial infarction risk damage by HDL will be detailed throughout the review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrei C. Sposito
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - José Carlos de Lima-Junior
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Filipe A. Moura
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
- Department of Medicine, Weill-Cornell Medical College, New York, NY (F.A.M.)
| | - Joaquim Barreto
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Isabella Bonilha
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Michele Santana
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Vitor W. Virginio
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Lufan Sun
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S., A.T.R.)
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China (L.S.)
| | - Luiz Sergio F. Carvalho
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Alexandre A.S. Soares
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Wilson Nadruz
- From the Atherosclerosis and Vascular Biology Laboratory, Cardiology Department, State University of Campinas, Brazil (A.C.S., J.C.d.L.-J., F.A.M., J.B., I.B., M.S., V.W.V., L.S.F.C., A.A.S.S., W.N.)
| | - Steve B. Feinstein
- Division of Cardiology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL (S.B.F.)
| | - Jerzy-Roch Nofer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany (J.-R.N.)
| | - Ilaria Zanotti
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Italy (I.Z.)
| | - Anatol Kontush
- UMR-ICAN 1166, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Sorbonne University, Paris, France (A.K.)
| | - Alan T. Remaley
- Lipoprotein Metabolism Section, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.S., A.T.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
McDonald WS, Jones EE, Wojciak JM, Drake RR, Sabbadini RA, Harris NG. Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mapping of Lysophosphatidic Acid Changes after Traumatic Brain Injury and the Relationship to Cellular Pathology. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2018; 188:1779-1793. [PMID: 30037420 PMCID: PMC6099387 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) levels increase in the cerebrospinal fluid and blood within 24 hours after traumatic brain injury (TBI), indicating it may be a biomarker for subsequent cellular pathology. However, no data exist that document this association after TBI. We, therefore, acquired matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry data of LPA, major LPA metabolites, and hemoglobin from adult rat brains at 1 and 3 hours after controlled cortical impact injury. Data were semiquantitatively assessed by signal intensity analysis normalized to naïve rat brains acquired concurrently. Gray and white matter pathology was assessed on adjacent sections using immunohistochemistry for cell death, axonal injury, and intracellular LPA, to determine the spatiotemporal patterning of LPA corresponding to pathology. The results revealed significant increases in LPA and LPA precursors at 1 hour after injury and robust enhancement in LPA diffusively throughout the brain at 3 hours after injury. Voxel-wise analysis of LPA by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and β-amyloid precursor protein by immunohistochemistry in adjacent sections showed significant association, raising the possibility that LPA is linked to secondary axonal injury. Total LPA and metabolites were also present in remotely injured areas, including cerebellum and brain stem, and in particular thalamus, where intracellular LPA is associated with cell death. LPA may be a useful biomarker of cellular pathology after TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Whitney S McDonald
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Elizabeth E Jones
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomics Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Richard R Drake
- Medical University of South Carolina Proteomics Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | | | - Neil G Harris
- UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Abstract
Exosomes are secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) that carry micro RNAs and other factors to reprogram cancer cells and tissues affected by cancer. Exosomes are exchanged between cancer cells and other tissues, often to prepare a premetastatic niche, escape immune surveillance, or spread multidrug resistance. Only a few studies investigated the function of lipids in exosomes although their lipid composition is different from that of the secreting cells. Ceramide is one of the lipids critical for exosome formation, and it is also enriched in these EVs. New research suggests that lipids in the exosomal membrane may organize and transmit "mobile rafts" that turn exosomes into extracellular signalosomes spreading activation of cell signaling pathways in oncogenesis and metastasis. Ceramide may modulate the function of mobile rafts and their effect on these cell signaling pathways. The critical role of lipids and, in particular, ceramide for formation, secretion, and function of exosomes may lead to a radically new understanding of cancer biology and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elsherbini
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Erhard Bieberich
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Bandu R, Mok HJ, Kim KP. Phospholipids as cancer biomarkers: Mass spectrometry-based analysis. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2018; 37:107-138. [PMID: 27276657 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Lipids, particularly phospholipids (PLs), are key components of cellular membrane. PLs play important and diverse roles in cells such as chemical-energy storage, cellular signaling, cell membranes, and cell-cell interactions in tissues. All these cellular processes are pertinent to cells that undergo transformation, cancer progression, and metastasis. Thus, there is a strong possibility that some classes of PLs are expected to present in cancer cells and tissues in cellular physiology. The mass spectrometric soft-ionization techniques, electrospray ionization (ESI), and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) are well-established in the proteomics field, have been used for lipidomic analysis in cancer research. This review focused on the applications of mass spectrometry (MS) mainly on ESI-MS and MALDI-MS in the structural characterization, molecular composition and key roles of various PLs present in cancer cells, tissues, blood, and urine, and on their importance for cancer-related problems as well as challenges for development of novel PL-based biomarkers. The profiling of PLs helps to rationalize their functions in biological systems, and will also provide diagnostic information to elucidate mechanisms behind the control of cancer, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. The investigation of cellular PLs with MS methods suggests new insights on various cancer diseases and clinical applications in the drug discovery and development of biomarkers for various PL-related different cancer diseases. PL profiling in tissues, cells and body fluids also reflect the general condition of the whole organism and can indicate the existence of cancer and other diseases. PL profiling with MS opens new prospects to assess alterations of PLs in cancer, screening specific biomarkers and provide a basis for the development of novel therapeutic strategies. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 37:107-138, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raju Bandu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
| | - Hyuck Jun Mok
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
| | - Kwang Pyo Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Applied Science, Kyung Hee University, Yong-in City, 446-701, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Mahajan-Thakur S, Bien-Möller S, Marx S, Schroeder H, Rauch BH. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signaling in glioblastoma multiforme-A systematic review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E2448. [PMID: 29149079 PMCID: PMC5713415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifunctional sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a lipid signaling molecule and central regulator in the development of several cancer types. In recent years, intriguing information has become available regarding the role of S1P in the progression of Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the most aggressive and common brain tumor in adults. S1P modulates numerous cellular processes in GBM, such as oncogenesis, proliferation and survival, invasion, migration, metastasis and stem cell behavior. These processes are regulated via a family of five G-protein-coupled S1P receptors (S1PR1-5) and may involve mainly unknown intracellular targets. Distinct expression patterns and multiple intracellular signaling pathways of each S1PR subtype enable S1P to exert its pleiotropic cellular actions. Several studies have demonstrated alterations in S1P levels, the involvement of S1PRs and S1P metabolizing enzymes in GBM pathophysiology. While the tumorigenic actions of S1P involve the activation of several kinases and transcription factors, the specific G-protein (Gi, Gq, and G12/13)-coupled signaling pathways and downstream mediated effects in GBM remain to be elucidated in detail. This review summarizes the recent findings concerning the role of S1P and its receptors in GBM. We further highlight the current insights into the signaling pathways considered fundamental for regulating the cellular processes in GMB and ultimately patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Bien-Möller
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Sascha Marx
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Henry Schroeder
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Bernhard H Rauch
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17487 Greifswald, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hao H, Deng Y, Wu Y, Liu S, Lin W, Li J, Luo F, Tan H. Synthesis of biodegradable waterborne phosphatidylcholine polyurethanes for soft tissue engineering applications. Regen Biomater 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/rb/rbw046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jiehua Li
- Correspondence address. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Tel: +86 28 85460972; Fax: +86 28 85405402; E-mail: ;
| | | | - Hong Tan
- Correspondence address. College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China. Tel: +86 28 85460972; Fax: +86 28 85405402; E-mail: ;
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang JX, Yun M, Xu Y, Chen JW, Weng HW, Zheng ZS, Chen C, Xie D, Ye S. GNA13 as a prognostic factor and mediator of gastric cancer progression. Oncotarget 2016; 7:4414-27. [PMID: 26735177 PMCID: PMC4826215 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Guanine nucleotide binding protein (G protein), alpha 13 (GNA13) has been implicated as an oncogenic protein in several human cancers. In this study, GNA13 was characterized for its role in gastric cancer (GC) progression and underlying molecular mechanisms. The expression dynamics of GNA13 were examined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) in two independent cohorts of GC samples. A series of in-vivo and in-vitro assays was performed to elucidate the function of GNA13 in GC and its underlying mechanisms. In both two cohorts of GC samples, we observed that GNA13 was markedly overexpressed in GC tissues and associated closely with aggressive magnitude of GC progression and poor patients' survival. Further study showed that upregulation of GNA13 expression increased the proliferation and tumorigenicity of GC cells in vitro and in vivo, by promoting cell growth rate, colony formation, and tumor formation in nude mice. By contrast, knockdown of GNA13 effectively suppressed the proliferation and tumorigenicity of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results also demonstrated that the molecular mechanisms of the effect of GNA13 in GC included promotion of G1/S cell cycle transition through upregulation of c-Myc, activation of AKT and ERK activity, suppression of FOXO1 activity, upregulation of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) regulator cyclin D1 and downregulation of CDK inhibitor p21Cip1 and p27Kip1. Our present study illustrated that GNA13 has an important role in promoting proliferation and tumorigenicity of GC, and may represent a novel prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for this disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xing Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.,Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Miao Yun
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China.,Department of Ultrasound, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yi Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jie-Wei Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hui-Wen Weng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zou-San Zheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cui Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Dan Xie
- Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Sheng Ye
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Fu D, Li Y, Li J, Shi X, Yang R, Zhong Y, Wang H, Liao A. The effect of S1P receptor signaling pathway on the survival and drug resistance in multiple myeloma cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 424:185-193. [PMID: 27785703 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2854-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable by conventional chemotherapy. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor-mediated signaling has been recently demonstrated to have critical roles in cell survival and drug resistance in a number of hematological malignancies. To dissect the roles of S1P receptor pathway in MM, we systematically examined cell viability and protein expression associated with cell survival and drug resistance in MM cell lines upon treatment with either pathway activator (S1P) or inhibitor (FTY720). Our results reveal that FTY720 inhibits cell proliferation by downregulating expression of target genes, while S1P has an opposite effect. Knocking down of S1P receptor S1P5R results in a reduction of cell survival-related gene expression; however, it does not have impacts on expression of drug resistance genes. These results suggest that S1P signaling plays a role in cell proliferation and drug resistance in MM, and targeting this pathway will provide a new therapeutic direction for MM management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Fu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Yingchun Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shi
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Ronghui Yang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuan Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Huihan Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China
| | - Aijun Liao
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 39 Huaxiang Road, Tiexi District, Shenyang, 110021, Liaoning, China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Heo Y, Kwon YC, Shin K, Yoon WD, Han CH, Yum S, Kim E. cDNA and gene structures of two phospholipase A 2 isoforms, acidic PLA 2 PA4 and PLA 2 PA3A/PA3B/PA5, in Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom. Toxicon 2016; 122:160-166. [PMID: 27720979 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) contains various kinds of proteolytic enzyme activities, including phospholipase (PLA), metalloproteinase (MP) and hyaluronidase activities. In this study, we reported the full-length cDNA and gene sequences of two PLA2 isoforms: acidic PLA2 PA4 and PLA2 PA3A/PA3B/PA5. The full-length cDNA of acidic PLA2 PA4 contains 483 nucleotides (nt), which encode 160 amino acids (and the stop codon), including a signal peptide, six cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds, and metal-binding and catalytic active sites. The gene sequence of the acidic PLA2 PA4 is 1667 base pairs (bp) long and encodes three exons and two introns. The 5' donor (GT) and 3' acceptor (AG) splice sites are highly conserved. The PLA2 PA3A/PA3B/PA5 gene contains 1366 bp, and the 498 nt of the mature mRNA encode 165 amino acids (and the stop codon). The protein includes a signal peptide, six cysteine residues that form disulfide bonds, and metal-binding and catalytic active sites. The three exons and two introns also have highly conserved donor and acceptor splice sites. InterProScan predicted PLA2 activity domains in both isoforms. These results extend our understanding of the PLA2 venom of the N. nomurai jellyfish and will facilitate further research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunwi Heo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Kwon
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungsoon Shin
- Ballast Water Research Center, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Duk Yoon
- Headquarters for Marine Environment, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Shiran-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hoon Han
- Headquarters for Marine Environment, National Fisheries Research & Development Institute, Shiran-ri, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan 619-705, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungshic Yum
- South Sea Research Institute, Korea Institute of Ocean Science and Technology (KIOST), Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea; Faculty of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Biology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Geoje 656-834, Republic of Korea.
| | - Euikyung Kim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea; Institute of Animal Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Pan HL, Liu BL, Lin W, Zhang YQ. Modulation of Nav1.8 by Lysophosphatidic Acid in the Induction of Bone Cancer Pain. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:445-54. [PMID: 27631681 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0060-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and the tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium channel Nav1.8 are both involved in bone cancer pain, the present study was designed to investigate whether crosstalk between the LPA receptor LPA1 (also known as EDG2) and Nav1.8 in the dorsal root ganglion (DRG) contributes to the induction of bone cancer pain. We showed that the EDG2 antagonist Ki16198 blocked the mechanical allodynia induced by intrathecal LPA in naïve rats and attenuated mechanical allodynia in a rat model of bone cancer. EDG2 and Nav1.8 expression in L4-6 DRGs was upregulated following intrathecal or hindpaw injection of LPA. EDG2 and Nav1.8 expression in ipsilateral L4-6 DRGs increased with the development of bone cancer. Furthermore, we showed that EDG2 co-localized with Nav1.8 and LPA remarkably enhanced Nav1.8 currents in DRG neurons, and this was blocked by either a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor or a PKCε inhibitor. Overall, we demonstrated the modulation of Nav1.8 by LPA in DRG neurons, and that this probably underlies the peripheral mechanism by which bone cancer pain is induced.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Li Pan
- Center for Neuropsychiatric Diseases, Institute of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330031, China.
| | - Ben-Long Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Velasco M, O'Sullivan C, Sheridan GK. Lysophosphatidic acid receptors (LPARs): Potential targets for the treatment of neuropathic pain. Neuropharmacology 2016; 113:608-617. [PMID: 27059127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain can arise from lesions to peripheral or central nerve fibres leading to spontaneous action potential generation and a lowering of the nociceptive threshold. Clinically, neuropathic pain can manifest in many chronic disease states such as cancer, diabetes or multiple sclerosis (MS). The bioactive lipid, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), via activation of its receptors (LPARs), is thought to play a central role in both triggering and maintaining neuropathic pain. In particular, following an acute nerve injury, the excitatory neurotransmitters glutamate and substance P are released from primary afferent neurons leading to upregulated synthesis of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), the precursor for LPA production. LPC is converted to LPA by autotaxin (ATX), which can then activate macrophages/microglia and modulate neuronal functioning. A ubiquitous feature of animal models of neuropathic pain is demyelination of damaged nerves. It is thought that LPA contributes to demyelination through several different mechanisms. Firstly, high levels of LPA are produced following macrophage/microglial activation that triggers a self-sustaining feed-forward loop of de novo LPA synthesis. Secondly, macrophage/microglial activation contributes to inflammation-mediated demyelination of axons, thus initiating neuropathic pain. Therefore, targeting LPA production and/or the family of LPA-activated G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) may prove to be fruitful clinical approaches to treating demyelination and the accompanying neuropathic pain. This review discusses our current understanding of the role of LPA/LPAR signalling in the initiation of neuropathic pain and suggests potential targeted strategies for its treatment. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled 'Lipid Sensing G Protein-Coupled Receptors in the CNS'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Velasco
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK
| | | | - Graham K Sheridan
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qiu F, Li Y, Fu Q, Fan YY, Zhu C, Liu YH, Mi WD. Stromal Cell-Derived Factor 1 Increases Tetrodotoxin-Resistant Sodium Currents Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 in Rat Dorsal Root Ganglion Neurons via Different Mechanisms. Neurochem Res 2016; 41:1587-603. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-016-1873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
24
|
Bonaventura G, Barcellona ML, Golfetto O, Nourse JL, Flanagan LA, Gratton E. Laurdan monitors different lipids content in eukaryotic membrane during embryonic neural development. Cell Biochem Biophys 2015; 70:785-94. [PMID: 24839062 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-014-9982-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We describe a method based on fluorescence-lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) to assess the fluidity of various membranes in neuronal cells at different stages of development [day 12 (E12) and day 16 (E16) of gestation]. For the FLIM measurements, we use the Laurdan probe which is commonly used to assess membrane water penetration in model and in biological membranes using spectral information. Using the FLIM approach, we build a fluidity scale based on calibration with model systems of different lipid compositions. In neuronal cells, we found a marked difference in fluidity between the internal membranes and the plasma membrane, being the plasma membrane the less fluid. However, we found no significant differences between the two cell groups, E12 and E16. Comparison with NIH3T3 cells shows that the plasma membranes of E12 and E16 cells are significantly more fluid than the plasma membrane of the cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Bonaventura
- Department of Drug Science, Section of Biochemistry, University of Catania, Catania, Italy,
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Balogh A, Shimizu Y, Lee SC, Norman DD, Gangwar R, Bavaria M, Moon C, Shukla P, Rao R, Ray R, Naren AP, Banerjee S, Banerje S, Miller DD, Balazs L, Pelus L, Tigyi G. The autotaxin-LPA2 GPCR axis is modulated by γ-irradiation and facilitates DNA damage repair. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1751-62. [PMID: 26027517 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we characterized the effects of radiation injury on the expression and function of the autotaxin (ATX)-LPA2 GPCR axis. In IEC-6 crypt cells and jejunum enteroids quantitative RT-PCR showed a time- and dose-dependent upregulation of lpa2 in response to γ-irradiation that was abolished by mutation of the NF-κB site in the lpa2 promoter or by inhibition of ATM/ATR kinases with CGK-733, suggesting that lpa2 is a DNA damage response gene upregulated by ATM via NF-κB. The resolution kinetics of the DNA damage marker γ-H2AX in LPA-treated IEC-6 cells exposed to γ-irradiation was accelerated compared to vehicle, whereas pharmacological inhibition of LPA2 delayed the resolution of γ-H2AX. In LPA2-reconstituted MEF cells lacking LPA1&3 the levels of γ-H2AX decreased rapidly, whereas in Vector MEF were high and remained sustained. Inhibition of ERK1&2 or PI3K/AKT signaling axis by pertussis toxin or the C311A/C314A/L351A mutation in the C-terminus of LPA2 abrogated the effect of LPA on DNA repair. LPA2 transcripts in Lin(-)Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) enriched for bone marrow stem cells were 27- and 5-fold higher than in common myeloid or lymphoid progenitors, respectively. Furthermore, after irradiation higher residual γ-H2AX levels were detected in the bone marrow or jejunum of irradiated LPA2-KO mice compared to WT mice. We found that γ-irradiation increases plasma ATX activity and LPA level that is in part due to the previously established radiation-induced upregulation of TNFα. These findings identify ATX and LPA2 as radiation-regulated genes that appear to play a physiological role in DNA repair.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Balogh
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Yoshibumi Shimizu
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Sue Chin Lee
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Derek D Norman
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ruchika Gangwar
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Mitul Bavaria
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - ChangSuk Moon
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Pradeep Shukla
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Radakrishna Rao
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Ramesh Ray
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Anjaparavanda P Naren
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | | | - Souvik Banerje
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Duane D Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louisa Balazs
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Louis Pelus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, 950 West Walnut Street, R2-302, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Gabor Tigyi
- Department of Physiology, University of Tennessee Health Sciences Center Memphis, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Barbayianni E, Kaffe E, Aidinis V, Kokotos G. Autotaxin, a secreted lysophospholipase D, as a promising therapeutic target in chronic inflammation and cancer. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 58:76-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Deng W, Kimura Y, Gududuru V, Wu W, Balogh A, Szabo E, Thompson KE, Yates CR, Balazs L, Johnson LR, Miller DD, Strobos J, McCool WS, Tigyi GJ. Mitigation of the hematopoietic and gastrointestinal acute radiation syndrome by octadecenyl thiophosphate, a small molecule mimic of lysophosphatidic acid. Radiat Res 2015; 183:465-75. [PMID: 25807318 DOI: 10.1667/rr13830.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have previously demonstrated that the small molecule octadecenyl thiophosphate (OTP), a synthetic mimic of the growth factor-like mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), showed radioprotective activity in a mouse model of total-body irradiation (TBI) when given orally or intraperitoneally 30 min before exposure to 9 Gy γ radiation. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of OTP, delivered subcutaneously, for radioprotection or radiomitigation from -24 h before to up to +72 h postirradiation using a mouse TBI model with therapeutic doses at around 1 mg/kg. OTP was injected at 10 mg/kg without observable toxic side effects in mice, providing a comfortable safety margin. Treatment of C57BL/6 mice with a single dose of OTP over the time period from -12 h before to +26 h after a lethal dose of TBI reduced mortality by 50%. When administered at +48 h to +72 h postirradiation (LD50/30 to LD100/30), OTP reduced mortality by ≥34%. OTP administered at +24 h postirradiation significantly elevated peripheral white blood cell and platelet counts, increased crypt survival in the jejunum, enhanced intestinal glucose absorption and reduced endotoxin seepage into the blood. In the 6.4-8.6 Gy TBI range using LD50/10 as the end point, OTP yielded a dose modification factor of 1.2. The current data indicate that OTP is a potent radioprotector and radiomitigator ameliorating the mortality and tissue injury of acute hematopoietic as well as acute gastrointestinal radiation syndrome.
Collapse
|
28
|
Zhao S, Li J. Sphingosine-1-phosphate induces the migration of thyroid follicular carcinoma cells through the microRNA-17/PTK6/ERK1/2 pathway. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119148. [PMID: 25748447 PMCID: PMC4351951 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive lipid known to play a role in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. However, the molecular mechanisms of S1P regulated migration of papillary thyroid cancer cells are still unknown. In this study, we showed that S1P induced PTK6 mRNA and protein expression in two thyroid follicular cancer cell lines (ML-1 and FTC-133). Further studies demonstrated that induced PTK6 and its downstream signal component (ERK1/2) are involved in S1P-induced migration. Upon investigating the mechanisms behind this event, we found that miR-17 inhibited the expression of PTK6 through direct binding to its 3’-UTR. Through overexpression and knockdown studies, we found that miR-17 can significantly inhibit S1P-induced migration in thyroid follicular cancer cells. Interestingly, overexpression or knockdown of PTK6 or ERK1/2 effectively removed the inhibition of S1P-induced migration by miR-17. Furthermore, we showed that S1P decreased miR-17 expression levels. Meanwhile, in papillary thyroid cancers, miR-17 is downregulated and negatively associated with clinical staging, whereas PTK6 is upregulated and positively associated with clinical stages. Collectively, our work defines a novel signaling pathway implicated in the control of thyroid cancer migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shitao Zhao
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Sugery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jincheng Li
- The Department of Breast and Thyroid Sugery, The First Affiliate Hospital of Liaoning Medical University. Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Cherry AE, Stella N. G protein-coupled receptors as oncogenic signals in glioma: emerging therapeutic avenues. Neuroscience 2014; 278:222-36. [PMID: 25158675 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common malignant intracranial tumors. Newly developed targeted therapies for these cancers aim to inhibit oncogenic signals, many of which emanate from receptor tyrosine kinases, including the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR). Unfortunately, the first-generation treatments targeting these oncogenic signals provide little survival benefit in both mouse xenograft models and human patients. The search for new treatment options has uncovered several G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) candidates and generated a growing interest in this class of proteins as alternative therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers, including glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GPCRs constitute a large family of membrane receptors that influence oncogenic pathways through canonical and non-canonical signaling. Accordingly, evidence indicates that GPCRs display a unique ability to crosstalk with receptor tyrosine kinases, making them important molecular components controlling tumorigenesis. This review summarizes the current research on GPCR functionality in gliomas and explores the potential of modulating these receptors to treat this devastating disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A E Cherry
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| | - N Stella
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States; Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, 1959 NE Pacific Street, BB1538, Health Sciences Building, Seattle, WA 98195, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Mi W, Lin Q, Childress C, Sudol M, Robishaw J, Berlot CH, Shabahang M, Yang W. Geranylgeranylation signals to the Hippo pathway for breast cancer cell proliferation and migration. Oncogene 2014; 34:3095-106. [PMID: 25109332 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 06/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Protein geranylgeranylation (GGylation) is an important biochemical process for many cellular signaling molecules. Previous studies have shown that GGylation is essential for cell survival in many types of cancer. However, the molecular mechanism mediating the cell survival effect remains elusive. In this report, we show that the Hippo pathway mediates GGylation-dependent cell proliferation and migration in breast cancer cells. Blockade of GGylation enhanced phosphorylation of Mst1/2 and Lats1, and inhibited YAP and TAZ activity and the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway-dependent transcription. The effect of GGylation blockade on inhibition of breast cancer cell proliferation and migration is dependent on the Hippo-YAP/TAZ signaling, in which YAP appears to regulate cell proliferation and TAZ to regulate cell migration. Furthermore, GGylation-dependent cell proliferation is correlated with the activity of YAP/TAZ in breast cancer cells. Finally, Gγ and RhoA are the GGylated proteins that may transduce GGylation signals to the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway. Taken together, our studies have demonstrated that the Hippo-YAP/TAZ pathway is essential for GGylation-dependent cancer cell proliferation and migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W Mi
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA
| | - Q Lin
- 1] Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA [2] School of Medical Sciences and Laboratory Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, China
| | | | - M Sudol
- 1] Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical School, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Robishaw
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA
| | - C H Berlot
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA
| | - M Shabahang
- Department of General Surgery, Geisinger Clinic, Danville, PA, USA
| | - W Yang
- Weis Center for Research, Danville, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Pan HY, Yang H, Shao MY, Xu J, Zhang P, Cheng R, Hu T. Sphingosine-1-phosphate mediates AKT/ERK maintenance of dental pulp homoeostasis. Int Endod J 2014; 48:460-8. [PMID: 24931601 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the cell status of dental pulp cells (DPCs) in a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P)-induced microinflammation environment and the possible mechanisms of cell homoeostasis maintenance by S1P. METHODOLOGY Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor (S1PR) expression was examined in DPCs within a local S1P-induced microinflammation model established using 1 μmol L(-1) S1P. U0126 [extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor], LY294002 (AKT inhibitor) and Y27632 (ROCK inhibitor) were used to inhibit corresponding signalling pathways of DPCs. CCK8 and cell cycle analysis tested cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence staining JC-1 detected changes of mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm). Tests for apoptosis and the apoptosis-related proteins Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed by flow cytometry and western blot analysis, respectively. Expressions of ERK and AKT were evaluated by western blot analysis. The results were analysed using the Student's t-test and the significance level set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Expressions of S1PR1, S1PR2 and S1PR3 in DPCs differed amongst individuals. DPCs maintained self-homoeostasis in response to S1P-induced microinflammation via S1PRs. During this repair process, ERK, AKT and ROCK had a short-term complementary interaction at 60 min, but then AKT and ERK gradually played decisive roles after 24 h in proliferation enhancement and apoptosis inhibition, respectively (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The AKT-ERK balance may determine whether DPC homoeostasis in S1P-induced microinflammation is maintained by synergistic regulation of cell growth and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Y Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Tiftik RN, Başkurt OK, Kul S, Büyükafşar K. The functional significance of the rho/rho-kinase pathway in human erythrocytes. Turk J Haematol 2014; 31:168-74. [PMID: 25035675 PMCID: PMC4102045 DOI: 10.4274/tjh.2013.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Erythrocyte deformability, which can be influenced by various intracellular signaling mechanisms, such as nitric oxide, cAMP, cGMP, and protein kinases, is the most important physiological factor providing the blood flow in microcirculation. However, the functional significance of the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway, which contributes cell shape changes and the reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, has yet to be explored in erythrocytes. Therefore, we examined the influence of several activators and inhibitors of Rho/Rho-kinase signaling on human erythrocyte deformability. Materials and Methods: RhoA and ROCK-2 proteins were studied by western blotting. Influences of 2 Rho-kinase inhibitors, fasudil and Y-27632 (both 10-7 to 10-4 M), on erythrocyte deformability was determined by ektacytometer at various shear stresses (0-30 Pa) in the presence or absence of a known Rho activator, lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 10-5 to 5x10-5 M, 1-15 min). Results: LPA incubation reduced deformability with concomitant RhoA-GTP inhibition. Y-27632 and fasudil also decreased deformability, but had no effect on LPA-induced reduction of deformability. Rho inhibitor C3 had no effect on RhoA activation. Reduction in RhoA activation was induced by sub-hemolytic mechanical stress. Conclusion: Our findings may indicate that the Rho/Rho-kinase pathway could contribute to the regulation of deformability of human erythrocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Nalan Tiftik
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Seval Kul
- Gaziantep University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Gaziantep, Turkey
| | - Kansu Büyükafşar
- Mersin University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Mersin, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Simo KA, Niemeyer DJ, Hanna EM, Swet JH, Thompson KJ, Sindram D, Iannitti DA, Eheim AL, Sokolov E, Zuckerman V, McKillop IH. Altered lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor expression during hepatic regeneration in a mouse model of partial hepatectomy. HPB (Oxford) 2014; 16:534-42. [PMID: 24750398 PMCID: PMC4048075 DOI: 10.1111/hpb.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 07/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic regeneration requires coordinated signal transduction for efficient restoration of functional liver mass. This study sought to determine changes in lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and LPA receptor (LPAR) 1-6 expression in regenerating liver following two-thirds partial hepatectomy (PHx). METHODS Liver tissue and blood were collected from male C57BL/6 mice following PHx. Circulating LPA was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hepatic LPAR mRNA and protein expression were determined. RESULTS Circulating LPA increased 72 h after PHx and remained significantly elevated for up to 7 days post-PHx. Analysis of LPAR expression after PHx demonstrated significant increases in LPAR1, LPAR3 and LPAR6 mRNA and protein in a time-dependent manner for up to 7 days post-PHx. Conversely, LPAR2, LPAR4 and LPAR5 mRNA were barely detected in normal liver and did not significantly change after PHx. Changes in LPAR1 expression were confined to non-parenchymal cells following PHx. CONCLUSIONS Liver regeneration following PHx is associated with significant changes in circulating LPA and hepatic LPAR1, LPAR3 and LPAR6 expression in a time- and cell-dependent manner. Furthermore, changes in LPA-LPAR post-PHx occur after the first round of hepatocyte division is complete.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kerri A Simo
- Department of Surgery, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sayyah J, Bartakova A, Nogal N, Quilliam LA, Stupack DG, Brown JH. The Ras-related protein, Rap1A, mediates thrombin-stimulated, integrin-dependent glioblastoma cell proliferation and tumor growth. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:17689-98. [PMID: 24790104 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.536227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rap1 is a Ras family GTPase with a well documented role in ERK/MAP kinase signaling and integrin activation. Stimulation of the G-protein-coupled receptor PAR-1 with thrombin in human 1321N1 glioblastoma cells led to a robust increase in Rap1 activation. This response was sustained for up to 6 h and mediated through RhoA and phospholipase D (PLD). Thrombin treatment also induced a 5-fold increase in cell adhesion to fibronectin, which was blocked by down-regulating PLD or Rap1A or by treatment with a β1 integrin neutralizing antibody. In addition, thrombin treatment led to increases in phospho-focal adhesion kinase (tyrosine 397), ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation, which were significantly inhibited in cells treated with β1 integrin antibody or Rap1A siRNA. To assess the role of Rap1A in tumor formation in vivo, we compared growth of 1321N1 cells stably expressing control, Rap1A or Rap1B shRNA in a mouse xenograft model. Deletion of Rap1A, but not of Rap1B, reduced tumor mass by >70% relative to control. Similar observations were made with U373MG glioblastoma cells in which Rap1A was down-regulated. Collectively, these findings implicate a Rap1A/β1 integrin pathway, activated downstream of G-protein-coupled receptor stimulation and RhoA, in glioblastoma cell proliferation. Moreover, our data demonstrate a critical role for Rap1A in glioblastoma tumor growth in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Alena Bartakova
- Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 and
| | | | - Lawrence A Quilliam
- the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202
| | - Dwayne G Stupack
- Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093 and
| | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Ruisanchez É, Dancs P, Kerék M, Németh T, Faragó B, Balogh A, Patil R, Jennings BL, Liliom K, Malik KU, Smrcka AV, Tigyi G, Benyó Z. Lysophosphatidic acid induces vasodilation mediated by LPA1 receptors, phospholipase C, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase. FASEB J 2013; 28:880-90. [PMID: 24249637 DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-234997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) has been implicated as a mediator of several cardiovascular functions, but its potential involvement in the control of vascular tone is obscure. Here, we show that both LPA (18:1) and VPC31143 (a synthetic agonist of LPA1-3 receptors) relax intact mouse thoracic aorta with similar Emax values (53.9 and 51.9% of phenylephrine-induced precontraction), although the EC50 of LPA- and VPC31143-induced vasorelaxations were different (400 vs. 15 nM, respectively). Mechanical removal of the endothelium or genetic deletion of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) not only diminished vasorelaxation by LPA or VPC31143 but converted it to vasoconstriction. Freshly isolated mouse aortic endothelial cells expressed LPA1, LPA2, LPA4 and LPA5 transcripts. The LPA1,3 antagonist Ki16425, the LPA1 antagonist AM095, and the genetic deletion of LPA1, but not that of LPA2, abolished LPA-induced vasorelaxation. Inhibition of the phosphoinositide 3 kinase-protein kinase B/Akt pathway by wortmannin or MK-2206 failed to influence the effect of LPA. However, pharmacological inhibition of phospholipase C (PLC) by U73122 or edelfosine, but not genetic deletion of PLCε, abolished LPA-induced vasorelaxation and indicated that a PLC enzyme, other than PLCε, mediates the response. In summary, the present study identifies LPA as an endothelium-dependent vasodilator substance acting via LPA1, PLC, and eNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Éva Ruisanchez
- 1Z.B., Institute of Human Physiology and Clinical Experimental Research, Semmelweis University, POB 448, H-1446 Budapest, Hungary.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Tumor microenvironment, defined by a variety of growth factors including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), whose levels are increased in pancreatic cancer patients, plays a major role in the genesis and progression of pancreatic cancer. Because the gep proto-oncogenes, Gα12 and Gα13, are implicated in LPA-stimulated oncogenic signaling, this study is focused on evaluating the role of these proto-oncogenes in LPA-stimulated invasive migration of pancreatic cancer cells. METHODS Effect of LPA on the migration and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells was assessed using BxPC3, Dan-G, MDAPanc-28, Panc-1, and PaCa-2 cell lines. The role of Gα13 in the migration of pancreatic cancer cells was interrogated by disrupting lysophosphatidic acid receptor-Gα13 interaction using CT13, a dominant negative mutant of Gα13, and by silencing the expression of Gα13. RESULTS Results indicate that LPA stimulates the migration of pancreatic cancer cells and such LPA-stimulated migratory response is mediated by Gα13. Furthermore, the results establish that the silencing of Gα13, but not Gα12, abrogates LPA-stimulated invasive migration of pancreatic cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS These results report for the first time a critical role for Gα13 in LPA-stimulated invasive migration of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings identify LPA-lysophosphatidic acid receptor-Gα13 signaling node as a novel therapeutic target for pancreatic cancer treatment and control.
Collapse
|
37
|
Acid ceramidase induces sphingosine kinase 1/S1P receptor 2-mediated activation of oncogenic Akt signaling. Oncogenesis 2013; 2:e49. [PMID: 23732709 PMCID: PMC3740300 DOI: 10.1038/oncsis.2013.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acid ceramidase (AC) is overexpressed in most prostate tumors and confers oncogenic phenotypes to prostate cancer cells. AC modulates the cellular balance between ceramide, sphingosine and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). These bioactive sphingolipids have diverse, powerful and often oppositional impacts on cell signaling, including the activation status of the oncogenic kinase Akt. Our studies show that AC expression correlates with phosphorylation of Akt in human prostate tumors, and elevation of phosphorylated Akt in tumor versus patient-matched benign tissue is contingent upon AC elevation. Investigation of the mechanism for AC-induced Akt activation revealed that AC activates Akt through sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1)-derived generation of S1P. This signaling pathway proceeds through S1P receptor 2 (S1PR2)-dependent stimulation of PI3K. Functionally, AC-overexpressing cells are insensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapy, however, these cells are more susceptible to targeted inhibition of Akt. AC-overexpressing cells proliferate more rapidly than control cells and form more colonies in soft agar; however, these effects are profoundly sensitive to Akt inhibition, demonstrating increased dependence on Akt signaling for the oncogenic phenotypes of AC-overexpressing cells. These observations may have clinical implications for targeted therapy as PI3K and Akt inhibitors emerge from clinical trials.
Collapse
|
38
|
Nam YS, Suh JS, Song HJ, Sohn UD. Signaling pathway of lysophosphatidic Acid-induced contraction in feline esophageal smooth muscle cells. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2013; 17:139-47. [PMID: 23626476 PMCID: PMC3634091 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2013.17.2.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2013] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Lysolipids such as LPA, S1P and SPC have diverse biological activities including cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration. We investigated signaling pathways of LPA-induced contraction in feline esophageal smooth muscle cells. We used freshly isolated smooth muscle cells and permeabilized cells from cat esophagus to measure the length of cells. Maximal contraction occurred at 10-6 M and the response peaked at 30s. To identify LPA receptor subtypes in cells, western blot analysis was performed with antibodies to LPA receptor subtypes. LPA1 and LPA3 receptor were detected at 50 kDa and 44 kDa. LPA-induced contraction was almost completely blocked by LPA receptor (1/3) antagonist KI16425. Pertussis toxin (PTX) inhibited the contraction induced by LPA, suggesting that the contraction is mediated by a PTX-sensitive G protein. Phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitors U73122 and neomycin, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X also reduced the contraction. The PKC-mediated contraction may be isozyme-specific since only PKCε antibody inhibited the contraction. MEK inhibitor PD98059 and JNK inhibitor SP600125 blocked the contraction. However, there is no synergistic effect of PKC and MAPK on the LPA-induced contraction. In addition, RhoA inhibitor C3 exoenzyme and ROCK inhibitor Y27632 significantly, but not completely, reduced the contraction. The present study demonstrated that LPA-induced contraction seems to be mediated by LPA receptors (1/3), coupled to PTX-sensitive G protein, resulting in activation of PLC, PKC-ε pathway, which subsequently mediates activation of ERK and JNK. The data also suggest that RhoA/ROCK are involved in the LPA-induced contraction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Sung Nam
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cheng SJ, Liu YC, Cheng SL, Lee JJ, Chen HM, Chang HH, Kok SH, Kuo MYP, Chiang CP. Expression of Gα12 predicts progression and prognosis of oral squamous cell carcinomas in Taiwan. J Oral Pathol Med 2013; 42:565-9. [PMID: 23438080 DOI: 10.1111/jop.12050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of Gα12 is found to be associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis. METHODS This study used immunohistochemistry to examine the expression of Gα12 protein in 100 specimens of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), 45 specimens of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED), and 36 specimens of normal oral mucosa (NOM). RESULTS The mean Gα12 labeling indices (LIs, defined as the percentage of positive cells in total cells) increased significantly from NOM (7 ± 11%) through OED (21 ± 20%) to OSCC samples (53 ± 33%, P < 0.001). The higher mean Gα12 LI was significantly associated with OSCCs with larger tumor size (P = 0.003), positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.002), or more advanced clinical stages (P = 0.003). Positive lymph node metastasis (P = 0.039) and Gα12 LI > 50% (P = 0.009) were identified as independent unfavorable prognosis factors by multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Moreover, Kaplan-Meier curve showed that OSCC patients with a Gα12 LI > 50% had a significantly poorer cumulative survival than those with a Gα12 LI ≤ 50% (log-rank test, P = 0.009). CONCLUSIONS Our results showed a stepwise and significant elevation in Gα12 protein expression from NOM through OED to OSCCs, suggesting that overexpression of Gα12 protein may be an early event in oral carcinogenesis and may play a pivotal role in oral cancer development. Moreover, the Gα12 protein can be a biomarker for prediction of the progression of OSCCs and the prognosis of patients with OSCC in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Jung Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ren H, Panchatcharam M, Mueller P, Escalante-Alcalde D, Morris AJ, Smyth SS. Lipid phosphate phosphatase (LPP3) and vascular development. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1831:126-32. [PMID: 22835522 PMCID: PMC3683602 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2012] [Revised: 07/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipid phosphate phosphatases (LPP) are integral membrane proteins with broad substrate specificity that dephosphorylate lipid substrates including phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, ceramide 1-phosphate, sphingosine 1-phosphate, and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate. Although the three mammalian enzymes (LPP1-3) demonstrate overlapping catalytic activities and substrate preferences in vitro, the phenotypes of mice with targeted inactivation of the Ppap2 genes encoding the LPP enzymes reveal nonredundant functions. A specific role for LPP3 in vascular development has emerged from studies of mice lacking Ppap2b. A meta-analysis of multiple, large genome-wide association studies identified a single nucleotide polymorphism in PPAP2B as a novel predictor of coronary artery disease. In this review, we will discuss the evidence that links LPP3 to vascular development and disease and evaluate potential molecular mechanisms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Ren
- The Gill Heart Institute, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536-0200, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mäusbacher N, Schreiber TB, Machatti M, Schaab C, Daub H. Proteome-wide analysis of temporal phosphorylation dynamics in lysophosphatidic acid-induced signaling. Proteomics 2012; 12:3485-98. [PMID: 23090842 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 10/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Most growth factor receptors trigger phosphorylation-based signal transduction to translate environmental stimuli into defined biological responses. In addition to comprehensive and reliable assessment of growth factor-induced phosphoregulation, temporal resolution is needed to gain insights into the organizing principles of the cellular signaling machinery. Here, we introduce a refined experimental design for MS-based phosphoproteomics to reconcile the need for high comprehensiveness and temporal resolution with the key requirement of monitoring biological reproducibility. We treated SILAC-labeled SCC-9 cells with the seven transmembrane receptor ligand lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and identified more than 17 000 phosphorylation sites. Filtering for biological replicate quantification yielded five-time point profiles for 6292 site-specific phosphorylations, which we analyzed for statistically significant regulation. Notably, about 30% of these sites changed significantly upon LPA stimulation, indicating extensive phosphoproteome regulation in response to this growth factor. Analysis of time series data identified distinct temporal profiles for different kinase substrate motifs, likely reflecting temporal orchestration of cellular kinase activities. Our data further indicated coordinated regulation of biological processes and phosphoprotein networks upon LPA stimulation. Finally, we detected regulation of functionally characterized phosphorylation sites not yet implicated in LPA signaling, which may foster a better understanding how LPA regulates cellular physiology on the molecular level.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nina Mäusbacher
- Cell Signaling Group, Department of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Xiang SY, Dusaban SS, Brown JH. Lysophospholipid receptor activation of RhoA and lipid signaling pathways. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1831:213-22. [PMID: 22986288 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The lysophospholipids sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signal through G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) which couple to multiple G-proteins and their effectors. These GPCRs are quite efficacious in coupling to the Gα(12/13) family of G-proteins, which stimulate guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) for RhoA. Activated RhoA subsequently regulates downstream enzymes that transduce signals which affect the actin cytoskeleton, gene expression, cell proliferation and cell survival. Remarkably many of the enzymes regulated downstream of RhoA either use phospholipids as substrates (e.g. phospholipase D, phospholipase C-epsilon, PTEN, PI3 kinase) or are regulated by phospholipid products (e.g. protein kinase D, Akt). Thus lysophospholipids signal from outside of the cell and control phospholipid signaling processes within the cell that they target. Here we review evidence suggesting an integrative role for RhoA in responding to lysophospholipids upregulated in the pathophysiological environment, and in transducing this signal to cellular responses through effects on phospholipid regulatory or phospholipid regulated enzymes. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Advances in Lysophospholipid Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Yang Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Richerioux N, Blondeau C, Wiedemann A, Rémy S, Vautherot JF, Denesvre C. Rho-ROCK and Rac-PAK signaling pathways have opposing effects on the cell-to-cell spread of Marek's Disease Virus. PLoS One 2012; 7:e44072. [PMID: 22952878 PMCID: PMC3428312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0044072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/31/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Marek's Disease Virus (MDV) is an avian alpha-herpesvirus that only spreads from cell-to-cell in cell culture. While its cell-to-cell spread has been shown to be dependent on actin filament dynamics, the mechanisms regulating this spread remain largely unknown. Using a recombinant BAC20 virus expressing an EGFPVP22 tegument protein, we found that the actin cytoskeleton arrangements and cell-cell contacts differ in the center and periphery of MDV infection plaques, with cells in the latter areas showing stress fibers and rare cellular projections. Using specific inhibitors and activators, we determined that Rho-ROCK pathway, known to regulate stress fiber formation, and Rac-PAK, known to promote lamellipodia formation and destabilize stress fibers, had strong contrasting effects on MDV cell-to-cell spread in primary chicken embryo skin cells (CESCs). Inhibition of Rho and its ROCKs effectors led to reduced plaque sizes whereas inhibition of Rac or its group I-PAKs effectors had the adverse effect. Importantly, we observed that the shape of MDV plaques is related to the semi-ordered arrangement of the elongated cells, at the monolayer level in the vicinity of the plaques. Inhibition of Rho-ROCK signaling also resulted in a perturbation of the cell arrangement and a rounding of plaques. These opposing effects of Rho and Rac pathways in MDV cell-to-cell spread were validated for two parental MDV recombinant viruses with different ex vivo spread efficiencies. Finally, we demonstrated that Rho/Rac pathways have opposing effects on the accumulation of N-cadherin at cell-cell contact regions between CESCs, and defined these contacts as adherens junctions. Considering the importance of adherens junctions in HSV-1 cell-to-cell spread in some cell types, this result makes of adherens junctions maintenance one potential and attractive hypothesis to explain the Rho/Rac effects on MDV cell-to-cell spread. Our study provides the first evidence that MDV cell-to-cell spread is regulated by Rho/Rac signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Richerioux
- INRA, UMR1282, Infectious Diseases and Public Health, ISP, BIOVA team, Nouzilly, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Sphingosine 1-phosphate protects primary human keratinocytes from apoptosis via nitric oxide formation through the receptor subtype S1P₃. Mol Cell Biochem 2012; 371:165-76. [PMID: 22899173 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-012-1433-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although the lipid mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) has been identified to induce cell growth arrest of human keratinocytes, the sphingolipid effectively protects these epidermal cells from apoptosis. The molecular mechanism of the anti-apoptotic action induced by S1P is less characterized. Apart from S1P, endogenously produced nitric oxide (NO•) has been recognized as a potent modulator of apoptosis in keratinocytes. Therefore, it was of great interest to elucidate whether S1P protects human keratinocytes via a NO•-dependent signalling pathway. Indeed, S1P induced an activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in human keratinocytes leading to an enhanced formation of NO•. Most interestingly, the cell protective effect of S1P was almost completely abolished in the presence of the eNOS inhibitor L-NAME as well as in eNOS-deficient keratinocytes indicating that the sphingolipid metabolite S1P protects human keratinocytes from apoptosis via eNOS activation and subsequent production of protective amounts of NO•. It is well established that most of the known actions of S1P are mediated by a family of five specific G protein-coupled receptors. Therefore, the involvement of S1P-receptor subtypes in S1P-mediated eNOS activation has been examined. Indeed, this study clearly shows that the S1P(3) is the exclusive receptor subtype in human keratinocytes which mediates eNOS activation and NO• formation in response to S1P. In congruence, when the S1P(3) receptor subtype is abrogated, S1P almost completely lost its ability to protect human keratinocytes from apoptosis.
Collapse
|
45
|
Orosa B, González A, Mera A, Gómez-Reino JJ, Conde C. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1 suppression sensitizes rheumatoid fibroblast-like synoviocytes to tumor necrosis factor-induced apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 64:2460-70. [DOI: 10.1002/art.34443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
46
|
Bratton MR, Antoon JW, Duong BN, Frigo DE, Tilghman S, Collins-Burow BM, Elliott S, Tang Y, Melnik LI, Lai L, Alam J, Beckman BS, Hill SM, Rowan BG, McLachlan JA, Burow ME. Gαo potentiates estrogen receptor α activity via the ERK signaling pathway. J Endocrinol 2012; 214:45-54. [PMID: 22562654 PMCID: PMC3614348 DOI: 10.1530/joe-12-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The estrogen receptor α (ERα) is a transcription factor that mediates the biological effects of 17β-estradiol (E(2)). ERα transcriptional activity is also regulated by cytoplasmic signaling cascades. Here, several Gα protein subunits were tested for their ability to regulate ERα activity. Reporter assays revealed that overexpression of a constitutively active Gα(o) protein subunit potentiated ERα activity in the absence and presence of E(2). Transient transfection of the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 showed that Gα(o) augments the transcription of several ERα-regulated genes. Western blots of HEK293T cells transfected with ER±Gα(o) revealed that Gα(o) stimulated phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 and subsequently increased the phosphorylation of ERα on serine 118. In summary, our results show that Gα(o), through activation of the MAPK pathway, plays a role in the regulation of ERα activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melyssa R Bratton
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Tulane University, 1430 Tulane Avenue, SL-78, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Rigbolt KTG, Blagoev B. Quantitative phosphoproteomics to characterize signaling networks. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2012; 23:863-71. [PMID: 22677334 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2012.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Reversible protein phosphorylation is involved in the regulation of most, if not all, major cellular processes via dynamic signal transduction pathways. During the last decade quantitative phosphoproteomics have evolved from a highly specialized area to a powerful and versatile platform for analyzing protein phosphorylation at a system-wide scale and has become the intuitive strategy for comprehensive characterization of signaling networks. Contemporary phosphoproteomics use highly optimized procedures for sample preparation, mass spectrometry and data analysis algorithms to identify and quantify thousands of phosphorylations, thus providing extensive overviews of the cellular signaling networks. As a result of these developments quantitative phosphoproteomics have been applied to study processes as diverse as immunology, stem cell biology and DNA damage. Here we review the developments in phosphoproteomics technology that have facilitated the application of phosphoproteomics to signaling networks and introduce examples of recent system-wide applications of quantitative phosphoproteomics. Despite the great advances in phosphoproteomics technology there are still several outstanding issues and we provide here our outlook on the current limitations and challenges in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristoffer T G Rigbolt
- Center for Experimental BioInformatics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense M, Denmark.
| | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Harris GL, Creason MB, Brulte GB, Herr DR. In vitro and in vivo antagonism of a G protein-coupled receptor (S1P3) with a novel blocking monoclonal antibody. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35129. [PMID: 22496900 PMCID: PMC3320623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background S1P3 is a lipid-activated G protein-couple receptor (GPCR) that has been implicated in the pathological processes of a number of diseases, including sepsis and cancer. Currently, there are no available high-affinity, subtype-selective drug compounds that can block activation of S1P3. We have developed a monoclonal antibody (7H9) that specifically recognizes S1P3 and acts as a functional antagonist. Methodology/Principal Findings Specific binding of 7H9 was demonstrated by immunocytochemistry using cells that over-express individual members of the S1P receptor family. We show, in vitro, that 7H9 can inhibit the activation of S1P3-mediated cellular processes, including arrestin translocation, receptor internalization, adenylate cyclase inhibiton, and calcium mobilization. We also demonstrate that 7H9 blocks activation of S1P3 in vivo, 1) by preventing lethality due to systemic inflammation, and 2) by altering the progression of breast tumor xenografts. Conclusions/Significance We have developed the first-reported monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes a lipid-activated GPCR and blocks functional activity. In addition to serving as a lead drug compound for the treatment of sepsis and breast cancer, it also provides proof of concept for the generation of novel GPCR-specific therapeutic antibodies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Greg L. Harris
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Marcos, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | - Michael B. Creason
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Greg B. Brulte
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Marcos, California, United States of America
| | - Deron R. Herr
- Expression Drug Designs, LLC, San Marcos, California, United States of America
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lysophosphatidylinositol signalling: New wine from an old bottle. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2012; 1821:694-705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
50
|
Riaz A, Zeller KS, Johansson S. Receptor-specific mechanisms regulate phosphorylation of AKT at Ser473: role of RICTOR in β1 integrin-mediated cell survival. PLoS One 2012; 7:e32081. [PMID: 22384145 PMCID: PMC3284553 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0032081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A tight control over AKT/PKB activation is essential for cells, and they realise this in part by regulating the phosphorylation of Ser473 in the “hydrophobic motif” of the AKT carboxy-terminal region. The RICTOR-mTOR complex (TORC2) is a major kinase for AKT Ser473 phosphorylation after stimulation by several growth factors, in a reaction proposed to require p21-activated kinase (PAK) as a scaffold. However, other kinases may catalyse this reaction in stimuli-specific manners. Here we characterised the requirement of RICTOR, ILK, and PAK for AKT Ser473 phosphorylation downstream of selected family members of integrins, G protein-coupled receptors, and tyrosine-kinase receptors and analysed the importance of this phosphorylation site for adhesion-mediated survival. siRNA-mediated knockdown in HeLa and MCF7 cells showed that RICTOR-mTOR was required for phosphorylation of AKT Ser473, and for efficient phosphorylation of the downstream AKT targets FOXO1 Thr24 and BAD Ser136, in response to β1 integrin-stimulation. ILK and PAK1/2 were dispensable for these reactions. RICTOR knockdown increased the number of apoptotic MCF7 cells on β1 integrin ligands up to 2-fold after 24 h in serum-free conditions. β1 integrin-stimulation induced phosphorylation of both AKT1 and AKT2 but markedly preferred AKT2. RICTOR-mTOR was required also for LPA-induced AKT Ser473 phosphorylation in MCF7 cells, but, interestingly, not in HeLa cells. PAK was needed for the AKT Ser473 phosphorylation in response to LPA and PDGF, but not to EGF. These results demonstrate that different receptors utilise different enzyme complexes to phosphorylate AKT at Ser473, and that AKT Ser473 phosphorylation significantly contributes to β1 integrin-mediated anchorage-dependent survival of cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Staffan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, The Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|