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Jayaraman A, Srinivasan S, Kar A, Harish B, Charan Raja MR, Uppuluri KB, Kar Mahapatra S. Oceanimonas sp. BPMS22-derived protein protease inhibitor induces anti-leishmanial immune responses through macrophage M2 to M1 repolarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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2
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Liu Y, Hu YJ, Fan WX, Quan X, Xu B, Li SZ. O-GlcNAcylation: The Underestimated Emerging Regulators of Skeletal Muscle Physiology. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111789. [PMID: 35681484 PMCID: PMC9180116 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation is a highly dynamic, reversible and atypical glycosylation that regulates the activity, biological function, stability, sublocation and interaction of target proteins. O-GlcNAcylation receives and coordinates different signal inputs as an intracellular integrator similar to the nutrient sensor and stress receptor, which target multiple substrates with spatio-temporal analysis specifically to maintain cellular homeostasis and normal physiological functions. Our review gives a brief description of O-GlcNAcylation and its only two processing enzymes and HBP flux, which will help to better understand its physiological characteristics of sensing nutrition and environmental cues. This nutritional and stress-sensitive properties of O-GlcNAcylation allow it to participate in the precise regulation of skeletal muscle metabolism. This review discusses the mechanism of O-GlcNAcylation to alleviate metabolic disorders and the controversy about the insulin resistance of skeletal muscle. The level of global O-GlcNAcylation is precisely controlled and maintained in the “optimal zone”, and its abnormal changes is a potential factor in the pathogenesis of cancer, neurodegeneration, diabetes and diabetic complications. Although the essential role of O-GlcNAcylation in skeletal muscle physiology has been widely studied and recognized, it still is underestimated and overlooked. This review highlights the latest progress and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylation in the regulation of skeletal muscle contraction and structural properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Bin Xu
- Correspondence: (B.X.); (S.-Z.L.)
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3
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Weisz A, Abadi U, Mausbach L, Gurwitz D, Ellis M, Ashur-Fabian O. Nuclear αvβ3 integrin expression, post translational modifications and regulation in hematological malignancies. Hematol Oncol 2021; 40:72-81. [PMID: 34534368 DOI: 10.1002/hon.2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
αvβ3 integrin, a plasma membrane protein, is amply expressed on an array of tumors. We identified nuclear αvβ3 pool in ovarian cancer cells and were interested to explore this phenomenon in two rare and aggressive types of leukemia, T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) and Mast cell leukemia (MCL) using Jurkat and HMC-1 cell lines, respectively. Moreover, we collected primary cells from patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 11), the most common chronic adult leukemia and used human lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) generated from normal B cells. Nuclear αvβ3 integrin was assessed by Western blots, confocal microscopy, and the ImageStream technology which combines flow-cytometry with microscopy. We further examined post translational modifications (phosphorylation/glycosylation), nuclear trafficking regulation using inhibitors for MAPK (U0126) and PI3K (LY294002), as well as nuclear interactions by performing Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP). αvβ3 integrin was identified in all cell models within the nucleus and is N-glycosylated. In primary CLL cells the β3 integrin monomer is tyrosine Y759 phosphorylated, suggesting an active receptor conformation. MAPK and PI3K inhibition in Jurkat and CLL cells led to αvβ3 enhancement in the nucleus and a reduction in the membrane. The nuclear αvβ3 integrin interacts with ERK, Histone H3 and Lamin B1 in Jurkat, Histone H3 in CLL cells, but not in control LCL cells. To conclude, this observational study provides the identification of nuclear αvβ3 in hematological malignancies and lays the basis for novel cancer-relevant actions, which may be independent from the membrane functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avivit Weisz
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Uri Abadi
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Lisa Mausbach
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel
| | - David Gurwitz
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.,Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Martin Ellis
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Osnat Ashur-Fabian
- Translational Oncology Laboratory, Hematology Institute and Blood Bank, Meir Medical Center, Kfar-Saba, Israel.,Department of Human Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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4
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Li J, Wen S, Li B, Li N, Zhan X. Phosphorylation-Mediated Molecular Pathway Changes in Human Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors Identified by Quantitative Phosphoproteomics. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092225. [PMID: 34571875 PMCID: PMC8471408 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the biological role of protein phosphorylation in human nonfunctional pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PitNETs), proteins extracted from NF-PitNET and control tissues were analyzed with tandem mass tag (TMT)-based quantitative proteomics coupled with TiO2 enrichment of phosphopeptides. A total of 595 differentially phosphorylated proteins (DPPs) with 1412 phosphosites were identified in NF-PitNETs compared to controls (p < 0.05). KEGG pathway network analysis of 595 DPPs identified nine statistically significant signaling pathways, including the spliceosome pathway, the RNA transport pathway, proteoglycans in cancer, SNARE interactions in vesicular transport, platelet activation, bacterial invasion of epithelial cells, tight junctions, vascular smooth muscle contraction, and protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum. GO analysis revealed that these DPPs were involved in multiple cellular components (CCs), biological processes (BPs), and molecule functions (MFs). The kinase analysis of 595 DPPs identified seven kinases, including GRP78, WSTF, PKN2, PRP4, LOK, NEK1, and AMPKA1, and the substrate of these kinases could provide new ideas for seeking drug targets for NF-PitNETs. The randomly selected DPP calnexin was further confirmed with immunoprecipitation (IP) and Western blot (WB). These findings provide the first DPP profiling, phosphorylation-mediated molecular network alterations, and the key kinase profiling in NF-PitNET pathogenesis, which are a precious resource for understanding the biological roles of protein phosphorylation in NF-PitNET pathogenesis and discovering effective phosphoprotein biomarkers and therapeutic targets and drugs for the management of NF-PitNETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Siqi Wen
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Biao Li
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Proteomics of Chinese Ministry of Health, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China; (J.L.); (S.W.); (B.L.)
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
| | - Na Li
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China
| | - Xianquan Zhan
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University, 6699 Qingdao Road, Jinan 250117, China;
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong First Medical University, 440 Jiyan Road, Jinan 250117, China
- Correspondence: or
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5
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Wang Y, Wang P, Xu J. Phosphorylation: A Fast Switch For Checkpoint Signaling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1248:347-398. [PMID: 32185718 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-15-3266-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Checkpoint signaling involves a variety of upstream and downstream factors that participate in the regulation of checkpoint expression, activation, and degradation. During the process, phosphorylation plays a critical role. Phosphorylation is one of the most well-documented post-translational modifications of proteins. Of note, the importance of phosphorylation has been emphasized in aspects of cell activities, including proliferation, metabolism, and differentiation. Here we summarize how phosphorylation of specific molecules affects the immune activities with preference in tumor immunity. Of course, immune checkpoints are given extra attention in this book. There are many common pathways that are involved in signaling of different checkpoints. Some of them are integrated and presented as common activities in the early part of this chapter, especially those associated with PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4, because investigations concerning them are particularly abundant and variant. Their distinct regulation is supplementarily discussed in their respective section. As for checkpoints that are so far not well explored, their related phosphorylation modulations are listed separately in the later part. We hope to provide a clear and systematic view of the phosphorylation-modulated immune signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiting Wang
- School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, School of Medicine, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University Cancer Center, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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6
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Rahmani S, Defferrari MS, Wakarchuk WW, Antonescu CN. Energetic adaptations: Metabolic control of endocytic membrane traffic. Traffic 2019; 20:912-931. [DOI: 10.1111/tra.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rahmani
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Warren W. Wakarchuk
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Alberta Edmonton Alberta Canada
| | - Costin N. Antonescu
- Department of Chemistry and BiologyRyerson University Toronto Ontario Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael's Hospital Toronto Ontario Canada
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7
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Abstract
In the early 1980s, while using purified glycosyltransferases to probe glycan structures on surfaces of living cells in the murine immune system, we discovered a novel form of serine/threonine protein glycosylation (O-linked β-GlcNAc; O-GlcNAc) that occurs on thousands of proteins within the nucleus, cytoplasm, and mitochondria. Prior to this discovery, it was dogma that protein glycosylation was restricted to the luminal compartments of the secretory pathway and on extracellular domains of membrane and secretory proteins. Work in the last 3 decades from several laboratories has shown that O-GlcNAc cycling serves as a nutrient sensor to regulate signaling, transcription, mitochondrial activity, and cytoskeletal functions. O-GlcNAc also has extensive cross-talk with phosphorylation, not only at the same or proximal sites on polypeptides, but also by regulating each other's enzymes that catalyze cycling of the modifications. O-GlcNAc is generally not elongated or modified. It cycles on and off polypeptides in a time scale similar to phosphorylation, and both the enzyme that adds O-GlcNAc, the O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), and the enzyme that removes O-GlcNAc, O-GlcNAcase (OGA), are highly conserved from C. elegans to humans. Both O-GlcNAc cycling enzymes are essential in mammals and plants. Due to O-GlcNAc's fundamental roles as a nutrient and stress sensor, it plays an important role in the etiologies of chronic diseases of aging, including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative disease. This review will present an overview of our current understanding of O-GlcNAc's regulation, functions, and roles in chronic diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald W Hart
- From the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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8
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Pallet N, Belleville-Rolland T, Savalle A, Lejeune M, Mauge L, Bertil S, Loriot MA, Gaussem P. Beta-1,4-galactosyltransferase 2 c.909C>T gene variant is predictive of on-clopidogrel platelet reactivity. Pharmacogenomics 2018; 19:937-945. [PMID: 30020015 DOI: 10.2217/pgs-2018-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
CYP2C19 genotype influences clopidogrel response but only accounts for a small part of the variability in platelet reactivity. Recently, exome sequencing identified a variant of the gene encoding B4GALT2 as a potential candidate implicated in on-treatment platelet reactivity. Carriers of the B4GALT2 c.909C>T variant have lower platelet reactivity indicating that B4GALT2 could influence clopidogrel sensitivity and could expose to the risk of bleeding events. We undertook this observational retrospective study to determine if B4GALT2 c.909C>T influences P2RY12-specific vasodilator-stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation and agonist-induced platelet aggregation in a nonselected cohort of 174 patients under clopidogrel-based antiplatelet therapy. Our results indicate that in individuals under dual antiplatelet therapy, B4GALT2 c.909C>T might be an independent genetic predictor of on-treatment platelet reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Pallet
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1147, Paris, France
| | - Tiphaine Belleville-Rolland
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Anne Savalle
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1147, Paris, France
| | - Manon Lejeune
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Laetitia Mauge
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 970, Paris, France
| | - Sebastien Bertil
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Anne Loriot
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1147, Paris, France
| | - Pascale Gaussem
- AP-HP, Department of Clinical chemistry, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Department of Biological Hematology, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France.,Institut National pour la Santé et la Recherche Médicale, UMRS 1140, Paris, France
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9
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Liu X, Li A, Ju Y, Liu W, Shi H, Hu R, Zhou Z, Sun X. β4GalT1 Mediates PPARγ N-Glycosylation to Attenuate Microglia Inflammatory Activation. Inflammation 2018; 41:1424-1436. [DOI: 10.1007/s10753-018-0789-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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10
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Kim G, Cao L, Reece EA, Zhao Z. Impact of protein O-GlcNAcylation on neural tube malformation in diabetic embryopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11107. [PMID: 28894244 PMCID: PMC5593976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11655-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus in early pregnancy can cause neural tube defects (NTDs) in embryos by perturbing protein activity, causing cellular stress, and increasing programmed cell death (apoptosis) in the tissues required for neurulation. Hyperglycemia augments a branch pathway in glycolysis, the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP), to increase uridine diphosphate-N-acetylglucosamine (UDP-GlcNAc). GlcNAc can be added to proteins by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) to regulate protein activity. In the embryos of diabetic mice, OGT is highly activated in association with increases in global protein O-GlcNAcylation. In neural stem cells in vitro, high glucose elevates O-GlcNAcylation and reactive oxygen species, but the elevations can be suppressed by an OGT inhibitor. Inhibition of OGT in diabetic pregnant mice in vivo decreases NTD rate in the embryos. This effect is associated with reduction in global O-GlcNAcylation, alleviation of intracellular stress, and decreases in apoptosis in the embryos. These suggest that OGT plays an important role in diabetic embryopathy via increasing protein O-GlcNAcylation, and that inhibiting OGT could be a candidate approach to prevent birth defects in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyuyoup Kim
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lixue Cao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E Albert Reece
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhiyong Zhao
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences,University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Post translational modifications (PTMs) are involved in variety of cellular activities and phosphorylation is one of the most extensively studied PTM, which regulates a number of cellular functions like cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis and cell signaling in healthy condition. However, alterations in phosphorylation pathways result in serious outcomes in the form of diseases, especially cancer. Many signalling pathways including Tyrosine kinase, MAP kinase, Cadherin-catenin complex, Cyclin-dependent kinase etc. are major players of the cell cycle and deregulation in their phosphorylation-dephosphorylation cascade has been shown to be manifested in the form of various types of cancers. Tyrosine kinase family encompasses the greatest number of oncoproteins. MAPK cascade has an importance role in cancer growth and progression. Bcl-2 family proteins serve either proapoptotic or antiapoptotic function. Cadherin-catenin complex regulates cell adhesion properties and cyclins are the key regulators of cell cycle. Altered phosphorylations in any of the above pathways are strongly associated with cancer, at the same time they serve as the potential tergets for drug development against cancer. Drugs targeting tyrosine kinase are potent anticancer drugs. Inhibitors of MEK, PI3K and ERK signalling pathways are undergoing clinical trials. Thus, drugs targeting phosphorylation pathways represent a promising area for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Singh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Mahendra Ram
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Department of Livestock Products Technology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Raju Prasad
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Birendra Kumar Roy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
| | - Kaushal Kumar Singh
- Department of Pathology, Ranchi Veterinary College, BAU, Kanke, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 834006, India
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12
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Integrins and Cell Metabolism: An Intimate Relationship Impacting Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010189. [PMID: 28106780 PMCID: PMC5297821 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Integrins are important regulators of cell survival, proliferation, adhesion and migration. Once activated, integrins establish a regulated link between the extracellular matrix and the cytoskeleton. Integrins have well-established functions in cancer, such as in controlling cell survival by engagement of many specific intracellular signaling pathways and in facilitating metastasis. Integrins and associated proteins are regulated by control of transcription, membrane traffic, and degradation, as well as by a number of post-translational modifications including glycosylation, allowing integrin function to be modulated to conform to various cellular needs and environmental conditions. In this review, we examine the control of integrin function by cell metabolism, and the impact of this regulation in cancer. Within this context, nutrient sufficiency or deprivation is sensed by a number of metabolic signaling pathways such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1, which collectively control integrin function by a number of mechanisms. Moreover, metabolic flux through specific pathways also controls integrins, such as by control of integrin glycosylation, thus impacting integrin-dependent cell adhesion and migration. Integrins also control various metabolic signals and pathways, establishing the reciprocity of this regulation. As cancer cells exhibit substantial changes in metabolism, such as a shift to aerobic glycolysis, enhanced glucose utilization and a heightened dependence on specific amino acids, the reciprocal regulation of integrins and metabolism may provide important clues for more effective treatment of various cancers.
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13
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Scott SA, Collet JP, Baber U, Yang Y, Peter I, Linderman M, Sload J, Qiao W, Kini AS, Sharma SK, Desnick RJ, Fuster V, Hajjar RJ, Montalescot G, Hulot JS. Exome sequencing of extreme clopidogrel response phenotypes identifies B4GALT2 as a determinant of on-treatment platelet reactivity. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2016; 100:287-94. [PMID: 27213804 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Interindividual variability in platelet aggregation is common among patients treated with clopidogrel and both high on-treatment platelet reactivity (HTPR) and low on-treatment platelet reactivity (LTPR) increase risks for adverse clinical outcomes. CYP2C19 influences clopidogrel response but only accounts for ∼12% of the variability in platelet reactivity. To identify novel variants implicated in on-treatment platelet reactivity, patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) with extreme pharmacodynamic responses to clopidogrel and wild-type CYP2C19 were subjected to exome sequencing. Candidate variants that clustered in the LTPR subgroup subsequently were genotyped across the discovery cohort (n = 636). Importantly, carriers of B4GALT2 c.909C>T had lower on-treatment P2Y12 reaction units (PRUs; P = 0.0077) and residual platelet aggregation (P = 0.0008) compared with noncarriers, which remained significant after adjusting for CYP2C19 and other clinical variables in both the discovery (P = 0.0298) and replication (n = 160; PRU: P = 0.0001) cohorts. B4GALT2 is a platelet-expressed galactosyltransferase, indicating that B4GALT2 c.909C>T may influence clopidogrel sensitivity through atypical cell-surface glycoprotein processing and platelet adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Scott
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J-P Collet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculty of Medicine, UMRS_1166 ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - U Baber
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Y Yang
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - I Peter
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Linderman
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.,Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - J Sload
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - W Qiao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A S Kini
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - S K Sharma
- Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute and Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Cardiovascular Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Desnick
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - V Fuster
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - R J Hajjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - G Montalescot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculty of Medicine, UMRS_1166 ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Paris, France
| | - J-S Hulot
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Faculty of Medicine, UMRS_1166 ICAN, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Institute of Cardiology, Paris, France.,Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
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Cieniewski-Bernard C, Lambert M, Dupont E, Montel V, Stevens L, Bastide B. O-GlcNAcylation, contractile protein modifications and calcium affinity in skeletal muscle. Front Physiol 2014; 5:421. [PMID: 25400587 PMCID: PMC4214218 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
O-GlcNAcylation, a generally undermined atypical protein glycosylation process, is involved in a dynamic and highly regulated interplay with phosphorylation. Akin to phosphorylation, O-GlcNAcylation is also involved in the physiopathology of several acquired diseases, such as muscle insulin resistance or muscle atrophy. Recent data underline that the interplay between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation acts as a modulator of skeletal muscle contractile activity. In particular, the O-GlcNAcylation level of the phosphoprotein myosin light chain 2 seems to be crucial in the modulation of the calcium activation properties, and should be responsible for changes in calcium properties observed in functional atrophy. Moreover, since several key structural proteins are O-GlcNAc-modified, and because of the localization of the enzymes involved in the O-GlcNAcylation/de-O-GlcNAcylation process to the nodal Z disk, a role of O-GlcNAcylation in the modulation of the sarcomeric structure should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthias Lambert
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Erwan Dupont
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Valérie Montel
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Laurence Stevens
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Bruno Bastide
- Université Lille Lille, France ; EA4488, APMS, URePsss, Université de Lille 1 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Kaneko Y, Lecce L, Day ML, Murphy CR. β(1) and β(3) integrins disassemble from basal focal adhesions and β(3) integrin is later localised to the apical plasma membrane of rat uterine luminal epithelial cells at the time of implantation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2011; 23:481-95. [PMID: 21426865 DOI: 10.1071/rd10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Accepted: 10/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigated the expression of integrin subunits that are known to be associated with focal adhesions, namely β(1) and β(3) integrins in rat uterine luminal epithelial cells during early pregnancy. The β(1) and β(3) integrins were concentrated along the basal cell surface and were colocalised and structurally interacted with talin, a principal focal adhesion protein, on Day 1 of pregnancy. At the time of implantation, β(1) and β(3) integrins disassembled from the site of focal adhesions, facilitating the removal of uterine luminal epithelial cells for embryo invasion. Also at this time, β(3) integrin markedly increased along the apical membrane, suggesting a role in embryo attachment. This distributional change in β(1) and β(3) integrins seen at the time of implantation was predominantly under the influence of progesterone. Taken together, β(1) and β(3) integrin disassembly from focal adhesions and the increase in β(3) integrin apically are key components of hormonally regulated endometrial receptivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kaneko
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) and The Bosch Institute, Anderson Stuart Building, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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16
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Kaneko Y, Day ML, Murphy CR. Integrin β3 in rat blastocysts and epithelial cells is essential for implantation in vitro: studies with Ishikawa cells and small interfering RNA transfection. Hum Reprod 2011; 26:1665-74. [PMID: 21531996 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/der128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integrins are involved in the process of embryo-endometrium interaction during implantation. We investigated the localization of integrin β3 in the rat blastocyst and Ishikawa cells using an in vitro co-culture model of implantation. METHODS Zona pellucida-free rat blastocysts were co-cultured with the Ishikawa cells (endometrial adenocarcinoma cell line) to observe the attachment between the embryo and endometrium. Immunofluorescence staining was used to investigate the localization of integrin β3 in rat embryos at different stages of development (each n= 3 embryos) and at the embryo/endometrium interface, observed by confocal microscopy. The Ishikawa cells were transfected with integrin β3 small interfering RNA (siRNA) for 48 h and then co-cultured with Day 5 rat blastocysts to observe the effect on attachment. RESULTS Integrin β3 staining in the rat embryos increased at the blastocyst stage being highly concentrated in the cytoplasm of trophoblast cells (n= 9 embryos). Integrin β3 was localized on the apical surface of the Ishikawa cells (n= 3 experiments). However, integrin β3 relocated to the apical membrane of trophoblast cells in response to attachment to Ishikawa cells (n= 6 embryos). Moreover, when Ishikawa cells were transfected with integrin β3 siRNA, blastocyst attachment was significantly reduced compared with those transfected with control siRNA (16.7 versus 92.3%, respectively, P< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Integrin β3, localized apically in the blastocyst and the Ishikawa cells, is important during initial attachment of the blastocyst to endometrial cells. This study provides further evidence of the importance of integrins during implantation and may aid in elucidating the molecular mechanism of implantation failure and infertility in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kaneko
- School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of proteins perform crucial roles in regulating the biology of the cell. PTMs are enzymatic, covalent chemical modifications of proteins that typically occur after the translation of mRNAs. These modifications are relevant because they can potentially change a protein's physical or chemical properties, activity, localization, or stability. Some PTMs can be added and removed dynamically as a mechanism for reversibly controlling protein function and cell signaling. Extensive investigations have aimed to identify PTMs and characterize their biological functions. This chapter will discuss the existing and emerging techniques in the field of mass spectrometry and proteomics that are available to identify and quantify PTMs. We will focus on the most frequently studied modifications. In addition, we will include an overview of the available tools and technologies in tandem mass spectrometry instrumentation that affect the ability to identify specific PTMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam R Farley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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Ertel A, Tozeren A. Human and mouse switch-like genes share common transcriptional regulatory mechanisms for bimodality. BMC Genomics 2008; 9:628. [PMID: 19105848 PMCID: PMC2631022 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-9-628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/23/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gene expression is controlled over a wide range at the transcript level through complex interplay between DNA and regulatory proteins, resulting in profiles of gene expression that can be represented as normal, graded, and bimodal (switch-like) distributions. We have previously performed genome-scale identification and annotation of genes with switch-like expression at the transcript level in mouse, using large microarray datasets for healthy tissue, in order to study the cellular pathways and regulatory mechanisms involving this class of genes. We showed that a large population of bimodal mouse genes encoding for cell membrane and extracellular matrix proteins is involved in communication pathways. This study expands on previous results by annotating human bimodal genes, investigating their correspondence to bimodality in mouse orthologs and exploring possible regulatory mechanisms that contribute to bimodality in gene expression in human and mouse. Results Fourteen percent of the human genes on the HGU133A array (1847 out of 13076) were identified as bimodal or switch-like. More than 40% were found to have bimodal mouse orthologs. KEGG pathways enriched for bimodal genes included ECM-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and tight junction, showing strong similarity to the results obtained in mouse. Tissue-specific modes of expression of bimodal genes among brain, heart, and skeletal muscle were common between human and mouse. Promoter analysis revealed a higher than average number of transcription start sites per gene within the set of bimodal genes. Moreover, the bimodal gene set had differentially methylated histones compared to the set of the remaining genes in the genome. Conclusion The fact that bimodal genes were enriched within the cell membrane and extracellular environment make these genes as candidates for biomarkers for tissue specificity. The commonality of the important roles bimodal genes play in tissue differentiation in both the human and mouse indicates the potential value of mouse data in providing context for human tissue studies. The regulation motifs enriched in the bimodal gene set (TATA boxes, alternative promoters, methlyation) have known associations with complex diseases, such as cancer, providing further potential for the use of bimodal genes in studying the molecular basis of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Ertel
- Center for Integrated Bioinformatics, School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Zusev M, Benayahu D. New insights on cellular distribution, microtubule interactions and post-translational modifications of MS-KIF18A. J Cell Physiol 2008; 217:618-25. [PMID: 18680169 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study highlights on the biochemical and immunological analysis of MS-KIF18A in pre-osteogenic MBA-15 cells. The protein distribution in various cellular compartments was demonstrated by imaging and Western blot (WB) analysis. MS-KIF18A interactions with cytoskeletal proteins were confirmed for tubulin and actin. The complex between MS-KIF18A and microtubules (MT) was demonstrated in cellular system for endogenous proteins and also between recombinant proteins in pull down and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays. Multiple assays including metabolic labeling, cell fractionation and IP with anti-MS-KIF18A antibody demonstrated an association with actin that was prominent in the cell cytoplasm. Sub-cellular fractionation identified diverse forms of MS-KIF18A in cytoplasm and membrane/nucleus compartments which are suggested to represent the result of post-transcriptional modifications, such as phosphorylation and glycosylation. These modifications on MS-KIF18A were analyzed by bioinformatics and immunological assays. Furthermore, we studied the role of ubiquitin-proteasome system in the MS-KIF18A degradation. Taken together, the current study sheds light on MS-KIF18A a MT-dependent kinesin and adds insights on the post-translational modifications that potentially control the protein cellular distribution and its co-association with cytoskeletal proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margalit Zusev
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Prediction of N-linked glycan branching patterns using artificial neural networks. Math Biosci 2008; 211:89-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mbs.2007.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Revised: 10/11/2007] [Accepted: 10/11/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Plewczynski D, Tkacz A, Wyrwicz LS, Rychlewski L, Ginalski K. AutoMotif Server for prediction of phosphorylation sites in proteins using support vector machine: 2007 update. J Mol Model 2007; 14:69-76. [PMID: 17994256 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-007-0250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2007] [Accepted: 10/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We present here the recent update of AutoMotif Server (AMS 2.0) that predicts post-translational modification sites in protein sequences. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm was trained on data gathered in 2007 from various sets of proteins containing experimentally verified chemical modifications of proteins. Short sequence segments around a modification site were dissected from a parent protein, and represented in the training set as binary or profile vectors. The updated efficiency of the SVM classification for each type of modification and the predictive power of both representations were estimated using leave-one-out tests for model of general phosphorylation and for modifications catalyzed by several specific protein kinases. The accuracy of the method was improved in comparison to the previous version of the service (Plewczynski et al., "AutoMotif server: prediction of single residue post-translational modifications in proteins", Bioinformatics 21: 2525-7, 2005). The precision of the updated version reached over 90% for selected types of phosphorylation and was optimized in trade of lower recall value of the classification model. The AutoMotif Server version 2007 is freely available at http://ams2.bioinfo.pl/ . Additionally, the reference dataset for optimization of prediction of phosphorylation sites, collected from the UniProtKB was also provided and can be accessed at http://ams2.bioinfo.pl/data/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Plewczynski
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Mathematical and Computational Modeling, University of Warsaw, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
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Ahmad I, Hoessli DC, Gupta R, Walker-Nasir E, Rafik SM, Choudhary MI, Shakoori AR. In silico determination of intracellular glycosylation and phosphorylation sites in human selectins: implications for biological function. J Cell Biochem 2007; 100:1558-72. [PMID: 17230456 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications provide the proteins with the possibility to perform functions in addition to those determined by their primary sequence. However, analysis of multifunctional protein structures in the environment of cells and body fluids is made especially difficult by the presence of other interacting proteins. Bioinformatics tools are therefore helpful to predict protein multifunctionality through the identification of serine and threonine residues wherein the hydroxyl group is likely to become modified by phosphorylation or glycosylation. Moreover, serines and threonines where both modifications are likely to occur can also be predicted (YinYang sites), to suggest further functional versatility. Structural modifications of hydroxyl groups of P-, E-, and L-selectins have been predicted and possible functions resulting from such modifications are proposed. Functional changes of the three selectins are based on the assumption that transitory and reversible protein modifications by phosphate and O-GlcNAc cause specific conformational changes and generate binding sites for other proteins. The computer-assisted prediction of glycosylation and phosphorylation sites in selectins should be helpful to assess the contribution of dynamic protein modifications in selectin-mediated inflammatory responses and cell-cell adhesion processes that are difficult to determine experimentally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishtiaq Ahmad
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Bioinformatics, Lahore, Pakistan
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