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Zhang Q, Wang J, Zhang J, Liu F. Potential functions and therapeutic implications of glioma-resident mesenchymal stem cells. Cell Biol Toxicol 2023; 39:853-866. [PMID: 37138122 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-023-09808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging crucial regulators in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which contributes to tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. MSCs are considered to be the stromal components of several tumors, their ultimate contribution to tumorigenesis and their potential to drive tumor stem cells, especially in the unique microenvironment of gliomas. Glioma-resident MSCs (GR-MSCs) are non-tumorigenic stromal cells. The phenotype of GR-MSCs is similar to that of prototype bone marrow-MSCs and GR-MSCs enhance the GSCs tumorigenicity via the IL-6/gp130/STAT3 pathway. The higher percentage of GR-MSCs in TME results in the poor prognosis of glioma patients and illuminate the tumor-promoting roles for GR-MSCs by secreting specific miRNA. Furthermore, the GR-MSC subpopulations associated with CD90 expression determine their different functions in glioma progression and CD90low MSCs generate therapeutic resistance by increasing IL-6-mediated FOXS1 expression. Therefore, it is urgent to develop novel therapeutic strategies targeting GR-MSCs for GBM patients. Despite that several functions of GR-MSCs have been confirmed, their immunologic landscapes and deeper mechanisms associated with the functions are not still expounded. In this review, we summarize the progress and potential function of GR-MSCs, as well as highlight their therapeutic implications based on GR-MSCs in GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jialin Wang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Junwen Zhang
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China
| | - Fusheng Liu
- Brain Tumor Research Center, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
- Beijing Laboratory of Biomedical Materials, Beijing, China.
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Yu D, Cui S, Chen L, Zheng S, Zhao D, Yin X, Yang F, Chen J. Marine-Derived Bioactive Peptides Self-Assembled Multifunctional Materials: Antioxidant and Wound Healing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1190. [PMID: 37371920 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Peptide self-assembling materials have received significant attention from researchers in recent years, emerging as a popular field in biological, environmental, medical, and other new materials studies. In this study, we utilized controllable enzymatic hydrolysis technology (animal proteases) to obtain supramolecular peptide self-assembling materials (CAPs) from the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). We conducted physicochemical analyses to explore the pro-healing mechanisms of CAPs on skin wounds in both in vitro and in vivo experiments through a topical application. The results demonstrated that CAPs exhibit a pH-responsive behavior for self-assembly and consist of peptides ranging from 550 to 2300 Da in molecular weight, with peptide chain lengths of mainly 11-16 amino acids. In vitro experiments indicated that CAPs display a procoagulant effect, free radical scavenging activity, and promote the proliferation of HaCaTs (112.74% and 127.61%). Moreover, our in vivo experiments demonstrated that CAPs possess the ability to mitigate inflammation, boost fibroblast proliferation, and promote revascularization, which accelerates the epithelialization process. Consequently, a balanced collagen I/III ratio in the repaired tissue and the promotion of hair follicle regeneration were observed. With these remarkable findings, CAPs can be regarded as a natural and secure treatment option with high efficacy for skin wound healing. The potential of CAPs to be further developed for traceless skin wound healing is an exciting area for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyi Yu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shenghao Cui
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Liqi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Shuang Zheng
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Di Zhao
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Xinyu Yin
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Faming Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
| | - Jingdi Chen
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
- Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing, Yantai 265599, China
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Oral delivery of marine shellfish supramolecule peptides for skin wound healing. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 216:112592. [PMID: 35636327 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of peptides/proteins with superior efficacy and fewer side effects is the most advantageous route of administration. In this study, we utilized controllable enzymatic (animal protease) hydrolysis technology to prepare active polypeptide self-assembling supramolecular (APs) from marine shellfish meat to explore the functional mechanism of APs in in vitro and in vivo (oral administration) experiments . In vitro experiments revealed that APs with self-assembly tendency had multifunctional activities. In vivo experiments indicated that oral administration of naturally safe APs could inhibited inflammation, promoted fibroblast proliferation and revascularization, and accelerated the epithelialization process, thus favoring a balanced repair tissue collagen I/III ratio and the promotion of hair follicle regeneration to achieve scarless healing, which was also relevant to "skin-gut" axis. These results showed that APs, as demonstrated in this study, promoted dermal wound healing in mice and may be developed and used to treat skin wounds.
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Tang H, Yang M, Liu Y, Liu H, Sun L, Song P. The CXCL1-CXCR2 Axis Mediates Tubular Injury in Diabetic Nephropathy Through the Regulation of the Inflammatory Response. Front Physiol 2022; 12:782677. [PMID: 34975537 PMCID: PMC8716832 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.782677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is one of the most severe complications of diabetes. Inflammation mediated by inflammatory factors is thought to accelerate the progression of renal damage in DN. However, which inflammatory factors mediate the inflammatory response in DN remains unclear. In this study, we determined that the CXCL1-mediated inflammatory response may play an essential role in DN progression through bioassays. Subsequently, we observed that the expression of CXCL1 and its receptor (CXCR2) was significantly increased in the kidneys of mice with HFD + STZ induced diabetes and DN patients. In addition, inhibition of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis by repertaxin alleviates renal inflammation and pathological damage in the kidneys of db/db mice. Finally, we noted that the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis might lead to inflammatory damage through phosphorylated NF-κB and further activate the NLRP3 inflammasome. Our results revealed the role of the CXCL1/CXCR2 axis in DN progression for the first time, which may be a novel therapeutic target for DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanfen Tang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Nutrition, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yinghong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Panai Song
- Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification in Hunan Province, Institute of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Wang M, Zhong D, Dong P, Song Y. Blocking CXCR1/2 contributes to amelioration of lipopolysaccharide-induced sepsis by downregulating substance P. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:2007-2014. [PMID: 30160797 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES C-X-C chemokine receptor types 1/2 (CXCR1/2) is known to be activated in liver damage in acute-on-chronic liver failure; however, the role in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced sepsis is unknown. The current study was designed to determine whether or not CXCR1/2 blockade with reparixin ameliorates acute lung injury (ALI) by affecting neuropeptides in a LPS-induced sepsis mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice (10 to 14-week old) were divided into sham, LPS, sham-R, and LPS-R groups. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected and evaluated. The lung histopathology was assessed by immunocytochemistry staining. Western blot analysis was used to measure myeloperoxidase, substance P (SP), and vasoactive intestinal peptide. RESULTS LPS-induced animal models were ameliorated by cotreatment with a CXCR1/2 antagonist. Moreover, the protective effects of CXCR1/2 antagonists were attributed to the increased secretion of pro-opiomelanocortin and decreased the secretion of SP. Reparixin decreased the expression of necroptosis cell death markers induced by LPS. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that blockade of CXCR1/2 may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis-associated ALI through regulation of neuropeptides and necroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaoshu Wang
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Danfeng Zhong
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Ping Dong
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
| | - Yukang Song
- Department of Medical Intensive Care Unit, The First People's Hospital of Wenling, Taizhou, China
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Ma Y, Zhou Y, Wu F, Ji W, Zhang J, Wang X. The Bidirectional Interactions Between Inflammation and Coagulation in Fracture Hematoma. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2018; 25:46-54. [PMID: 30129875 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT The review leads to better understanding of the interrelation between inflammation mediators and coagulation factors in the early fracture hematoma, and their influences on hematoma formation in the beginning of fracture healing. Furthermore, development of therapies aimed at simultaneous modulation of both coagulation factors and inflammation factors that affect hematoma structure, rather than specific factors, may be most promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Ma
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,2 Joint Orthopaedic Research Center of Zunyi Medical University & University of Rochester Medical Center (JCMR-ZMU & URMC), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yinghong Zhou
- 3 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fujun Wu
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Wenjun Ji
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xin Wang
- 1 Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,2 Joint Orthopaedic Research Center of Zunyi Medical University & University of Rochester Medical Center (JCMR-ZMU & URMC), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,3 Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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Chai YC, Mendes LF, van Gastel N, Carmeliet G, Luyten FP. Fine-tuning pro-angiogenic effects of cobalt for simultaneous enhancement of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion and implant neovascularization. Acta Biomater 2018; 72:447-460. [PMID: 29626696 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Rapid neovascularization of a tissue-engineered (TE) construct by the host vasculature is quintessential to warrant effective bone regeneration. This process can be promoted through active induction of angiogenic growth factor secretion or by implementation of in vitro pre-vascularization strategies. In this study, we aimed at optimizing the pro-angiogenic effect of Cobalt (Co2+) to enhance vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression by human periosteum-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hPDCs). Simultaneously we set out to promote microvascular network formation by co-culturing with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). The results showed that Co2+ treatments (at 50, 100 or 150 µM) significantly upregulated in vitro VEGF expression, but inhibited hPDCs growth and HUVECs network formation in co-cultures. These inhibitory effects were mitigated at lower Co2+ concentrations (at 5, 10 or 25 µM) while VEGF expression remained significantly upregulated and further augmented in the presence of Ascorbic Acid and Dexamethasone possibly through Runx2 upregulation. The supplements also facilitated HUVECs network formation, which was dependent on the quantity and spatial distribution of collagen type-1 matrix deposited by the hPDCs. When applied to hPDCs seeded onto calcium phosphate scaffolds, the supplements significantly induced VEGF secretion in vitro, and promoted higher vascularization upon ectopic implantation in nude mice shown by an increase of CD31 positive blood vessels within the scaffolds. Our findings provided novel insights into the pleotropic effects of Co2+ on angiogenesis (i.e. promoted VEGF secretion and inhibited endothelial network formation), and showed potential to pre-condition TE constructs under one culture regime for improved implant neovascularization in vivo. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANT Cobalt (Co2+) is known to upregulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) secretion, however it also inhibits in vitro angiogenesis through unknown Co2+-induced events. This limits the potential of Co2+ for pro-angiogenesis of tissue engineered (TE) implants. We showed that Co2+ upregulated VEGF expression by human periosteum-derived cells (hPDCs) but reduced the cell growth, and endothelial network formation due to reduction of col-1 matrix deposition. Supplementation with Ascorbic acid and Dexamethasone concurrently improved hPDCs growth, endothelial network formation, and upregulated VEGF secretion. In vitro pre-conditioning of hPDC-seeded TE constructs with this fine-tuned medium enhanced VEGF secretion and implant neovascularization. Our study provided novel insights into the pleotropic effects of Co2+ on angiogenesis and formed the basis for improving implant neovascularization.
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Jing H, Liao L, Su X, Shuai Y, Zhang X, Deng Z, Jin Y. Declining histone acetyltransferase GCN5 represses BMSC‐mediated angiogenesis during osteoporosis. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700118r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Li Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xiaoxia Su
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine ResearchCollege of StomatologyXi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yi Shuai
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
| | - Xinjing Zhang
- Department of ProthodonticsStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhihong Deng
- Department of OtolaryngologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
| | - Yan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral DiseasesXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Shaanxi International Joint Research Center for Oral DiseasesCenter for Tissue EngineeringSchool of StomatologyXijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi'anChina
- Xi'an Institute of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative MedicineXi'anChina
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Bischoff DS, Zhu JH, Makhijani NS, Yamaguchi DT. Induction of CXC chemokines in human mesenchymal stem cells by stimulation with secreted frizzled-related proteins through non-canonical Wnt signaling. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1262-1273. [PMID: 26730270 PMCID: PMC4691694 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i11.1262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Revised: 10/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the effect of secreted frizzled-related proteins (sFRPs) on CXC chemokine expression in human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs).
METHODS: CXC chemokines such as CXCL5 and CXCL8 are induced in hMSCs during differentiation with osteogenic differentiation medium (OGM) and may be involved in angiogenic stimulation during bone repair. hMSCs were treated with conditioned medium (CM) from L-cells expressing non-canonical Wnt5a protein, or with control CM from wild type L-cells, or directly with sFRPs for up to 10 d in culture. mRNA expression levels of both CXCL5 and CXCL8 were quantitated by real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction and secreted protein levels of these proteins determined by ELISA. Dose- (0-500 ng/mL) and time-response curves were generated for treatment with sFRP1. Signal transduction pathways were explored by western blot analysis with pan- or phosphorylation-specific antibodies, through use of specific pathway inhibitors, and through use of siRNAs targeting specific frizzled receptors (Fzd)-2 and 5 or the receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor-2 (RoR2) prior to treatment with sFRPs.
RESULTS: CM from L-cells expressing Wnt5a, a non-canonical Wnt, stimulated an increase in CXCL5 mRNA expression and protein secretion in comparison to control L-cell CM. sFRP1, which should inhibit both canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling, surprisingly enhanced the expression of CXCL5 at 7 and 10 d. Dickkopf1, an inhibitor of canonical Wnt signaling prevented the sFRP-stimulated induction of CXCL5 and actually inhibited basal levels of CXCL5 expression at 7 but not at 10 d post treatment. In addition, all four sFRPs isoforms induced CXCL8 expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner with maximum expression at 7 d with treatment at 150 ng/mL. The largest increases in CXCL5 expression were seen from stimulation with sFRP1 or sFRP2. Analysis of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathways in the presence of OGM showed sFRP1-induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (p44/42) maximally at 5 min after sFRP1 addition, earlier than that found in OGM alone. Addition of a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor also prevented sFRP-stimulated increases in CXCL8 mRNA. siRNA technology targeting the Fzd-2 and 5 and the non-canonical Fzd co-receptor RoR2 also significantly decreased sFRP1/2-stimulated CXCL8 mRNA levels.
CONCLUSION: CXC chemokine expression in hMSCs is controlled in part by sFRPs signaling through non-canonical Wnt involving Fzd2/5 and the ERK and PLC pathways.
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Yamaguchi DT. “Ins” and “Outs” of mesenchymal stem cell osteogenesis in regenerative medicine. World J Stem Cells 2014; 6:94-110. [PMID: 24772237 PMCID: PMC3999785 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v6.i2.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Repair and regeneration of bone requires mesenchymal stem cells that by self-renewal, are able to generate a critical mass of cells with the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts that can produce bone protein matrix (osteoid) and enable its mineralization. The number of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) diminishes with age and ex vivo replication of hMSCs has limited potential. While propagating hMSCs under hypoxic conditions may maintain their ability to self-renew, the strategy of using human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) to allow for hMSCs to prolong their replicative lifespan is an attractive means of ensuring a critical mass of cells with the potential to differentiate into various mesodermal structural tissues including bone. However, this strategy must be tempered by the oncogenic potential of TERT-transformed cells, or their ability to enhance already established cancers, the unknown differentiating potential of high population doubling hMSCs and the source of hMSCs (e.g., bone marrow, adipose-derived, muscle-derived, umbilical cord blood, etc.) that may provide peculiarities to self-renewal, differentiation, and physiologic function that may differ from non-transformed native cells. Tissue engineering approaches to use hMSCs to repair bone defects utilize the growth of hMSCs on three-dimensional scaffolds that can either be a base on which hMSCs can attach and grow or as a means of sequestering growth factors to assist in the chemoattraction and differentiation of native hMSCs. The use of whole native extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by hMSCs, rather than individual ECM components, appear to be advantageous in not only being utilized as a three-dimensional attachment base but also in appropriate orientation of cells and their differentiation through the growth factors that native ECM harbor or in simulating growth factor motifs. The origin of native ECM, whether from hMSCs from young or old individuals is a critical factor in “rejuvenating” hMSCs from older individuals grown on ECM from younger individuals.
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Kim DS, Jue SS, Lee SY, Kim YS, Shin SY, Kim EC. Effects of glutamine on proliferation, migration, and differentiation of human dental pulp cells. J Endod 2014; 40:1087-94. [PMID: 25069913 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2013.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although glutamine (Gln) is mitogenic in various cell types, little is known about its role in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs). This study investigated the effects of Gln on proliferation, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation of HDPCs and the underlying signal pathway mechanisms. METHODS Growth and migration were assessed by cell counting and colorimetric cell migration kits. Differentiation was measured as alkaline phosphatase activity, calcified nodule formation by alizarin red staining, and marker mRNA expression by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Chemokine expression was also evaluated by RT-PCR. Signal transduction pathways were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot analysis. RESULTS Gln dose-dependently increased proliferation, migration, alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized nodule formation, and odontoblast-marker mRNA of HDPCs. Gln also up-regulated expression of interleukin-6, interleukin-8, MCP-1, MIP-3α, CCL2, CCL20, and CXCL1. Gln increased BMP-2 and BMP-4 mRNA, phosphorylation of Smad 1/5/8, β-catenin, and key proteins of the Wnt signaling pathway. Furthermore, Gln resulted in up-regulation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase. In addition, noggin, DKK1, inhibitors of p38, ERK, and JNK significantly attenuatted Gln-induced growth, migration, and odontoblastic differentiation. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, this study demonstrated that Gln promoted growth, migration, and differentiation in HDPCs through the BMP-2, Wnt, and MAPK pathways, leading to improved pulp repair and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duck-Su Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Suk Jue
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Youn Lee
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yun Shin
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Cheol Kim
- Department of Maxillofacial Tissue Regeneration and Research Center for Tooth and Periodontal Regeneration (MRC), School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Huang RL, Yuan Y, Zou GM, Liu G, Tu J, Li Q. LPS-stimulated inflammatory environment inhibits BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation through crosstalk between TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and BMP/Smad signaling. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 23:277-89. [PMID: 24050190 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) is a novel differentiation factor that is capable of inducing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation, making it an attractive option in treatment of bone defects, fractures, and spine fusions. Inflammation, which was a common situation during bone healing, is recognized to inhibit osteogenic differentiation and bone formation. However, the effect of inflammation on BMP-2-induced osteoblastic differentiation remains ambiguous. In this study, we showed that an inflammatory environment triggered by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro would suppress BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, which represented by decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) activity and down-regulated osteogenic genes. In addition, LPS activated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) via a TLR4/MyD88-dependent manner and inhibited BMP-2-induced phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of Smad1/5/8. The blocking of NF-κB signaling by pretreatment with specific inhibitors such as BAY-11-7082, TPCK and PDTC, or by transfection with plasmids encoding p65 siRNA or IκBα siRNA could significantly reverse the inhibitory effect of LPS on BMP-2-induced BMP/Smad signaling and osteogenic differentiation. By contrast, even without stimulation of LPS, overexpression of p65 gene showed obvious inhibitory effects on BMP-2-induced BMP/Smad signaling and ALPase activity. These data indicate that the LPS-mediated inflammatory environment inhibits BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation, and that the crosstalk between TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB and BMP/Smad signaling negatively modulates the osteoinductive capacity of BMP-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Lin Huang
- 1 Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine , Shanghai, China
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Guang LG, Boskey AL, Zhu W. Age-related CXC chemokine receptor-4-deficiency impairs osteogenic differentiation potency of mouse bone marrow mesenchymal stromal stem cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1813-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.05.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 05/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bischoff DS, Makhijani NS, Yamaguchi DT. Constitutive expression of human telomerase enhances the proliferation potential of human mesenchymal stem cells. Biores Open Access 2013; 1:273-9. [PMID: 23515239 PMCID: PMC3559209 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2012.0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) are highly desirable cells for bone engineering due to the inherent multipotent nature of the cells. Unfortunately, there is a high degree of variability, as primary hMSC cultures quickly undergo replicative senescence with loss of proliferative potential as they are continually propagated in cell culture. We sought to reduce the variability of these cells by insertion and expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) to immortalize the cell line. hMSCs were transduced with a lentivirus containing the human TERT gene. The resulting cell line has been propagated through more than 70 population-doubling level (PDL) to date and continues to grow exhibiting the characteristic fibroblastic hMSC phenotype. Expression of TERT mRNA and protein activity was confirmed in the TERT-transduced cells. Mock-transduced hMSCs had almost undetectable levels of TERT mRNA and protein activity and lost proliferation potential at PDL 14. The enhanced growth capacity of the hMSC TERT cells was due to increased cell proliferation and reduced cellular senescence rather than due to inhibition of apoptosis. The multipotent nature of the TERT cells was confirmed by differentiation toward the osteoblastic and adipogenic lineages in vitro. Osteoblastic differentiation was confirmed by both expression of alkaline phosphate and mineral deposition visualized by Alizarin Red staining. Adipogenic differentiation was confirmed by production of lipid droplets, which were detected by Oil Red-O staining. In summary, we have generated a stable hMSC line that can be continually propagated and retains both osteoblastic and adipogenic differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Bischoff
- Research Service, Veterans' Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System , Los Angeles, California. ; The David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California , Los Angeles, California
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15
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The depletion of Interleukin-8 causes cell cycle arrest and increases the efficacy of docetaxel in breast cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 431:535-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/07/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Tripuwabhrut P, Mustafa K, Brudvik P, Mustafa M. Initial responses of osteoblasts derived from human alveolar bone to various compressive forces. Eur J Oral Sci 2012; 120:311-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0722.2012.00980.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Polbhat Tripuwabhrut
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Pongsri Brudvik
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Orthodontics; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Manal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry - Centre for Clinical Dental Research; Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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Hoch AI, Binder BY, Genetos DC, Leach JK. Differentiation-dependent secretion of proangiogenic factors by mesenchymal stem cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e35579. [PMID: 22536411 PMCID: PMC3334972 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0035579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 03/18/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a promising cell population for cell-based bone repair due to their proliferative potential, ability to differentiate into bone-forming osteoblasts, and their secretion of potent trophic factors that stimulate angiogenesis and neovascularization. To promote bone healing, autogenous or allogeneic MSCs are transplanted into bone defects after differentiation to varying degrees down the osteogenic lineage. However, the contribution of the stage of osteogenic differentiation upon angiogenic factor secretion is unclear. We hypothesized that the proangiogenic potential of MSCs was dependent upon their stage of osteogenic differentiation. After 7 days of culture, we observed the greatest osteogenic differentiation of MSCs when cells were cultured with dexamethasone (OM+). Conversely, VEGF protein secretion and upregulation of angiogenic genes were greatest in MSCs cultured in growth media (GM). Using conditioned media from MSCs in each culture condition, GM-conditioned media maximized proliferation and enhanced chemotactic migration and tubule formation of endothelial colony forming cells (ECFCs). The addition of a neutralizing VEGF(165/121) antibody to conditioned media attenuated ECFC proliferation and chemotactic migration. ECFCs seeded on microcarrier beads and co-cultured with MSCs previously cultured in GM in a fibrin gel exhibited superior sprouting compared to MSCs previously cultured in OM+. These results confirm that MSCs induced farther down the osteogenic lineage possess reduced proangiogenic potential, thereby providing important findings for consideration when using MSCs for bone repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison I. Hoch
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Bernard Y. Binder
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - Damian C. Genetos
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
| | - J. Kent Leach
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, California, United States of America
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Jiang Z, Gui S, Zhang Y. Analysis of differential gene expression by fiber-optic BeadArray and pathway in prolactinomas. Endocrine 2010; 38:360-8. [PMID: 20972730 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-010-9389-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Prolactinomas are the most common secretory pituitary tumors; however, their pathogenesis is unclear. In order to explore the pathogenesis of prolactinomas, we used fiber-optic BeadArray to examine gene expression profiles in five prolactinomas compared with three normal pituitaries. Three down-regulated genes and one up-regulated gene were chosen for validation by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We then performed pathway analysis on the identified differentially expressed genes using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Array analysis showed significant increases in the expression of 27 genes and 3 expressed sequence tags (ESTs), and decreases in 182 genes and 9 ESTs, including HIG1 domain family, member 1B, S100 calcium binding protein A9, angiopoietin 2, interleukin 8, hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase 15-(NAD), suppression of tumorigenicity18, and WNT inhibitory factor 1. Pathway analysis showed that the P53 and GnRH signaling pathways may play an important role in tumorigenesis of prolactinomas. Our data suggest fiber-optic BeadArray combined with pathway analysis of differential gene expression profile appears to be a valid approach for investigating the pathogenesis of tumors.
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Singh RK, Lokeshwar BL. Depletion of intrinsic expression of Interleukin-8 in prostate cancer cells causes cell cycle arrest, spontaneous apoptosis and increases the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. Mol Cancer 2009; 8:57. [PMID: 19646263 PMCID: PMC2729725 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-8-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The progression of all cancers is characterized by increased-cell proliferation and decreased-apoptosis. The androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) is the terminal stage of the disease. Many chemokines and cytokines are suspects to cause this increased tumor cell survival that ultimately leads to resistance to therapy and demise of the host. The AIPC cells, but not androgen-responsive cells, constitutively express abundant amount of the pro-inflammatory chemokine, Interleukin-8 (IL-8). The mechanism of IL-8 mediated survival and therapeutic resistance in AIPC cells is unclear at present. The purpose of this report is to show the pervasive role of IL-8 in malignant progression of androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC) and to provide a potential new therapeutic avenue, using RNA interference. Results The functional consequence of IL-8 depletion in AIPC cells was investigated by RNA interference in two IL-8 secreting AIPC cell lines, PC-3 and DU145. The non-IL-8 secreting LNCaP and LAPC-4 cells served as controls. Cells were transfected with RISC-free siRNA (control) or validated-pool of IL-8 siRNA. Transfection with 50 nM IL-8 siRNA caused >95% depletion of IL-8 mRNA and >92% decrease in IL-8 protein. This reduction in IL-8 led to cell cycle arrest at G1/S boundary and decreases in cell cycle-regulated proteins: Cyclin D1 and Cyclin B1 (both decreased >50%) and inhibition of ERK1/2 activity by >50%. Further, the spontaneous apoptosis was increased by >43% in IL-8 depleted cells, evidenced by increases in caspase-9 activation and cleaved-PARP. IL-8 depletion caused significant decreases in anti-apoptotic proteins, BCL-2, BCL-xL due to decrease in both mRNA and post-translational stability, and increased levels of pro-apoptotic BAX and BAD proteins. More significantly, depletion of intracellular IL-8 increased the cytotoxic activity of multiple chemotherapeutic drugs. Specifically, the cytotoxicity of Docetaxel, Staurosporine and Rapamycin increased significantly (>40% at IC50 dose) in IL-8 depleted cells as compared to that in C-siRNA transfected cells. Conclusion These results show the pervasive role of IL-8 in promoting tumor cell survival, and resistance to cytotoxic drugs, regardless of the cytotoxic mechanism of antiproliferative drugs, and point to potential therapeutic significance of IL-8 depletion in men with AIPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendra K Singh
- Department of Urology and Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
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Onan D, Allan EH, Quinn JMW, Gooi JH, Pompolo S, Sims NA, Gillespie MT, Martin TJ. The chemokine Cxcl1 is a novel target gene of parathyroid hormone (PTH)/PTH-related protein in committed osteoblasts. Endocrinology 2009; 150:2244-53. [PMID: 19147675 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-1597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The PTH receptor (PTHR1) is expressed on osteoblasts and responds to PTH or PTHrP in an endocrine or autocrine/paracrine manner, respectively. A microarray study carried out on PTHR1-positive osteoblasts (Kusa 4b10 cells) identified the cysteine-X-cysteine (CXC) family chemokine ligand 1 (Cxcl1) as a novel immediate PTH/PTHrP-responsive gene. Cxcl1 is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant with recognized roles in angiogenesis and inflammation, but a role in bone biology has not been described. Cxcl1 mRNA levels were up-regulated 1 h after either PTH or PTHrP treatment of differentiated Kusa 4b10 osteoblasts (15-fold) and mouse calvarial osteoblasts (160-fold) and in rat metaphyseal bone (5-fold) 1 h after a single sc injection of PTH. Furthermore, PTH treatment stimulated a 10-fold increase in secreted Cxcl1 protein by both Kusa 4b10 cells and calvarial osteoblasts. Immunohistochemistry and PCR demonstrated that CXCR2, the receptor for Cxcl1, is highly expressed in osteoclast precursors (hemopoietic cells) but is predominantly undetectable in the osteoblast lineage, suggesting that osteoblast-derived Cxcl1 may act as a chemoattractant for osteoclast precursors. Confirming this hypothesis, recombinant Cxcl1 dose-dependently stimulated migration of osteoclast precursors in cell culture studies, as did conditioned media from Kusa 4b10 cells treated with PTH. These data indicate that local action through the PTHR1 could stimulate cells of the osteoblast lineage to release a chemokine capable of attracting osteoclast precursors to the bone environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Döne Onan
- Bone Joint and Cancer Unit, St. Vincent's Institute, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia
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Stich S, Loch A, Leinhase I, Neumann K, Kaps C, Sittinger M, Ringe J. Human periosteum-derived progenitor cells express distinct chemokine receptors and migrate upon stimulation with CCL2, CCL25, CXCL8, CXCL12, and CXCL13. Eur J Cell Biol 2008; 87:365-76. [PMID: 18501472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2008.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2007] [Revised: 03/03/2008] [Accepted: 03/13/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For bone repair, transplantation of periosteal progenitor cells (PCs), which had been amplified within supportive scaffolds, is applied clinically. More innovative bone tissue engineering approaches focus on the in situ recruitment of stem and progenitor cells to defective sites and their subsequent use for guided tissue repair. Chemokines are known to induce the directed migration of bone marrow CD34(-) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The aim of our study was to determine the chemokine receptor expression profile of human CD34(-) PCs and to demonstrate that these cells migrate upon stimulation with selected chemokines. PCs were isolated from periosteum of the mastoid bone and displayed a homogenous cell population presenting an MSC-related cell-surface antigen profile (ALCAM(+), SH2(+), SH3(+), CD14(-), CD34(-), CD44(+), CD45(-), CD90(+)). The expression profile of chemokine receptors was determined by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. Both methods consistently demonstrated that PCs express receptors of all four chemokine subfamilies CC, CXC, CX(3)C, and C. Migration of PCs and a dose-dependent migratory effect of the chemokines CCL2 (MCP1), CCL25 (TECK), CXCL8 (IL8), CXCL12 (SDF1alpha), and CXCL13 (BCA1), but not CCL22 (MDC) were demonstrated using a 96-multiwell chemotaxis assay. In conclusion, for the first time, here we report that human PCs express chemokine receptors, present their profile, and demonstrate a dose-dependent migratory effect of distinct chemokines on these cells. These results are promising towards in situ bone repair therapies based on guiding PCs to bone defects, and encourage further in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Stich
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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