1
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Mostafa N, Chen PJ, Darwish SS, Su YC, Shiao MH, Piazza GA, Abadi AH, Engel M, Abdel-Halim M. N-Benzylated 5-Hydroxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamides as Multi-Targeted Clk/Dyrk Inhibitors and Potential Anticancer Agents. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:2033. [PMID: 38893153 PMCID: PMC11171218 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16112033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported that Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1 are overexpressed in multiple cancers, suggesting a role in malignant disease. Here, we introduce a novel class of group-selective kinase inhibitors targeting Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. This was achieved by modifying our earlier selective Clk1 inhibitors, which were based on the 5-methoxybenzothiophene-2-carboxamide scaffold. By incorporating a 5-hydroxy group, we increased the potential for additional hydrogen bond interactions that broadened the inhibitory effect to include Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B kinases. Within this series, compounds 12 and 17 emerged as the most potent multi-kinase inhibitors against Dyrk1A, Dyrk1B, and Clk1. Furthermore, when assessed against the most closely related kinases also implicated in cancer, the frontrunner compounds revealed additional inhibitory activity against Haspin and Clk2. Compounds 12 and 17 displayed high potency across various cancer cell lines with minimal effect on non-tumor cells. By examining the effect of these inhibitors on cell cycle distribution, compound 17 retained cells in the G2/M phase and induced apoptosis. Compounds 12 and 17 could also increase levels of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax, while decreasing the expression of the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. These findings support the further study and development of these compounds as novel anticancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha Mostafa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Cairo 12256, Egypt
| | - Po-Jen Chen
- Department of Medical Research, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
| | - Sarah S. Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted by Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, Cairo 11578, Egypt
| | - Yu-Chieh Su
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan;
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824410, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hua Shiao
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Hsinchu 300092, Taiwan;
| | - Gary A. Piazza
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison College of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36832, USA;
| | - Ashraf H. Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 11835, Egypt; (N.M.); (S.S.D.); (A.H.A.)
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2
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Kokkorakis N, Zouridakis M, Gaitanou M. Mirk/Dyrk1B Kinase Inhibitors in Targeted Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:528. [PMID: 38675189 PMCID: PMC11053710 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
During the last years, there has been an increased effort in the discovery of selective and potent kinase inhibitors for targeted cancer therapy. Kinase inhibitors exhibit less toxicity compared to conventional chemotherapy, and several have entered the market. Mirk/Dyrk1B kinase is a promising pharmacological target in cancer since it is overexpressed in many tumors, and its overexpression is correlated with patients' poor prognosis. Mirk/Dyrk1B acts as a negative cell cycle regulator, maintaining the survival of quiescent cancer cells and conferring their resistance to chemotherapies. Many studies have demonstrated the valuable therapeutic effect of Mirk/Dyrk1B inhibitors in cancer cell lines, mouse xenografts, and patient-derived 3D-organoids, providing a perspective for entering clinical trials. Since the majority of Mirk/Dyrk1B inhibitors target the highly conserved ATP-binding site, they exhibit off-target effects with other kinases, especially with the highly similar Dyrk1A. In this review, apart from summarizing the data establishing Dyrk1B as a therapeutic target in cancer, we highlight the most potent Mirk/Dyrk1B inhibitors recently reported. We also discuss the limitations and perspectives for the structure-based design of Mirk/Dyrk1B potent and highly selective inhibitors based on the accumulated structural data of Dyrk1A and the recent crystal structure of Dyrk1B with AZ191 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kokkorakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Marios Zouridakis
- Structural Neurobiology Research Group, Laboratory of Molecular Neurobiology and Immunology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
| | - Maria Gaitanou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, 11521 Athens, Greece;
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3
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Henderson SH, Sorrell FJ, Bennett JM, Fedorov O, Hanley MT, Godoi PH, Ruela de Sousa R, Robinson S, Navratilova IH, Elkins JM, Ward SE. Imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines as inhibitors of DYRK kinases. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116292. [PMID: 38479168 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Selective inhibitors of DYRK1A are of interest for the treatment of cancer, Type 2 diabetes and neurological disorders. Optimization of imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazine fragment 1 through structure-activity relationship exploration and in silico drug design efforts led to the discovery of compound 17 as a potent cellular inhibitor of DYRK1A with selectivity over much of the kinome. The binding mode of compound 17 was elucidated with X-ray crystallography, facilitating the rational design of compound 29, an imidazo [1,2-b]pyridazine with improved kinase selectivity with respect to closely related CLK kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott H Henderson
- Sussex Drug Discovery Centre, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9RH, UK.
| | - Fiona J Sorrell
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - James M Bennett
- Target Discovery Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Oleg Fedorov
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Marcus T Hanley
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Paulo H Godoi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Roberta Ruela de Sousa
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil
| | - Sean Robinson
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK
| | - Iva Hopkins Navratilova
- Exscientia, The Schrödinger Building, Oxford Science Park, Oxford, OX4 4GE, UK; University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Jonathan M Elkins
- Centre for Medicines Discovery, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK; Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Av. Dr. André Tosello, 550, Barão Geraldo, Campinas, SP, 13083-886, Brazil.
| | - Simon E Ward
- Medicines Discovery Institute, Cardiff University, CF10 3AT, UK.
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4
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Kokkorakis N, Douka K, Nalmpanti A, Politis PK, Zagoraiou L, Matsas R, Gaitanou M. Mirk/Dyrk1B controls ventral spinal cord development via Shh pathway. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:70. [PMID: 38294527 PMCID: PMC10830675 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-05097-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Cross-talk between Mirk/Dyrk1B kinase and Sonic hedgehog (Shh)/Gli pathway affects physiology and pathology. Here, we reveal a novel role for Dyrk1B in regulating ventral progenitor and neuron subtypes in the embryonic chick spinal cord (SC) via the Shh pathway. Using in ovo gain-and-loss-of-function approaches at E2, we report that Dyrk1B affects the proliferation and differentiation of neuronal progenitors at E4 and impacts on apoptosis specifically in the motor neuron (MN) domain. Especially, Dyrk1B overexpression decreases the numbers of ventral progenitors, MNs, and V2a interneurons, while the pharmacological inhibition of endogenous Dyrk1B kinase activity by AZ191 administration increases the numbers of ventral progenitors and MNs. Mechanistically, Dyrk1B overexpression suppresses Shh, Gli2 and Gli3 mRNA levels, while conversely, Shh, Gli2 and Gli3 transcription is increased in the presence of Dyrk1B inhibitor AZ191 or Smoothened agonist SAG. Most importantly, in phenotype rescue experiments, SAG restores the Dyrk1B-mediated dysregulation of ventral progenitors. Further at E6, Dyrk1B affects selectively the medial lateral motor neuron column (LMCm), consistent with the expression of Shh in this region. Collectively, these observations reveal a novel regulatory function of Dyrk1B kinase in suppressing the Shh/Gli pathway and thus affecting ventral subtypes in the developing spinal cord. These data render Dyrk1B a possible therapeutic target for motor neuron diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kokkorakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Division of Animal and Human Physiology, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - K Douka
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - A Nalmpanti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
- Athens International Master's Programme in Neurosciences, Department of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - P K Politis
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - L Zagoraiou
- School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - R Matsas
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | - M Gaitanou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece.
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5
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Chowdhury I, Dashi G, Keskitalo S. CMGC Kinases in Health and Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3838. [PMID: 37568654 PMCID: PMC10417348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
CMGC kinases, encompassing cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), glycogen synthase kinases (GSKs), and CDC-like kinases (CLKs), play pivotal roles in cellular signaling pathways, including cell cycle regulation, proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, and gene expression regulation. The dysregulation and aberrant activation of these kinases have been implicated in cancer development and progression, making them attractive therapeutic targets. In recent years, kinase inhibitors targeting CMGC kinases, such as CDK4/6 inhibitors and BRAF/MEK inhibitors, have demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancer types. However, challenges remain, including resistance to kinase inhibitors, off-target effects, and the need for better patient stratification. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the importance of CMGC kinases in cancer biology, their involvement in cellular signaling pathways, protein-protein interactions, and the current state of kinase inhibitors targeting these kinases. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and future perspectives in targeting CMGC kinases for cancer therapy, including potential strategies to overcome resistance, the development of more selective inhibitors, and novel therapeutic approaches, such as targeting protein-protein interactions, exploiting synthetic lethality, and the evolution of omics in the study of the human kinome. As our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and protein-protein interactions involving CMGC kinases expands, so too will the opportunities for the development of more selective and effective therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftekhar Chowdhury
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giovanna Dashi
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Keskitalo
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.C.)
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Schmich SKP, Keck J, Bonaterra GA, Bertoune M, Adam A, Wilhelm B, Slater EP, Schwarzbach H, Fendrich V, Kinscherf R, Hildebrandt W. Effects of Monoamino-Oxidase-A (MAO-A) Inhibition on Skeletal Muscle Inflammation and Wasting through Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in Triple Transgenic Mice. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030912. [PMID: 36979889 PMCID: PMC10046345 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer cachexia describes a syndrome of muscle wasting and lipolysis that is still largely untreatable and negatively impacts prognosis, mobility, and healthcare costs. Since upregulation of skeletal muscle monoamine-oxidase-A (MAO-A), a source of reactive oxygen species, may contribute to cachexia, we investigated the effects of the MAO-inhibitor harmine-hydrochloride (HH, intraperitoneal, 8 weeks) on muscle wasting in a triple-transgenic mouse model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and wild type (WT) mice. Gastrocnemius and soleus muscle cryo-cross-sections were analyzed for fiber type-specific cross-sectional area (CSA), fraction and capillarization using ATPase- and lectin-stainings. Transcripts of pro-apoptotic, -atrophic, and -inflammatory signals were determined by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, we evaluated the integrity of neuromuscular junction (NMJ, pre-/post-synaptic co-staining) and mitochondrial ultrastructure (transmission electron microscopy). MAO-A expression in gastrocnemius muscle was increased with PDAC vs. WT (immunohistochemistry: p < 0.05; Western blot: by trend). PDAC expectedly reduced fiber CSA and upregulated IL-1β in both calf muscles, while MuRF1 expression increased in soleus muscle only. Although IL-1β decreased, HH caused an additional 38.65% (p < 0.001) decrease in gastrocnemius muscle (IIBX) fiber CSA. Moreover, soleus muscle CSA remained unchanged despite the downregulation of E3-ligases FBXO32 (p < 0.05) and MuRF1 (p < 0.01) through HH. Notably, HH significantly decreased the post-synaptic NMJ area (quadriceps muscle) and glutathione levels (gastrocnemius muscle), thereby increasing mitochondrial damage and centronucleation in soleus and gastrocnemius type IIBX fibers. Moreover, although pro-atrophic/-inflammatory signals are reversed, HH unfortunately fails to stop and rather promotes PDAC-related muscle wasting, possibly via denervation or mitochondrial damage. These differential adverse vs. therapeutic effects warrant studies regarding dose-dependent benefits and risks with consideration of other targets of HH, such as the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases 1A and B (DYRK1A/B).
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon K. P. Schmich
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Keck
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Gabriel A. Bonaterra
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Mirjam Bertoune
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna Adam
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Beate Wilhelm
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Emily P. Slater
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Hans Schwarzbach
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Fendrich
- Department of Visceral-, Thoracic- and Vascular Surgery, Philipps University Marburg, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Kinscherf
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wulf Hildebrandt
- Anatomy and Cell Biology, Department of Medical Cell Biology, University of Marburg, 35032 Marburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6421-2864042; Fax: +49-6421-2868983
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7
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Alexandrov V, Vilenchik M, Kantidze O, Tsutskiridze N, Kharchilava D, Lhewa P, Shishkin A, Gankin Y, Kirpich A. Novel Efficient Multistage Lead Optimization Pipeline Experimentally Validated for DYRK1B Selective Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:13784-13792. [PMID: 36239428 PMCID: PMC9619999 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
![]()
In addition to general challenges in drug discovery such as the
identification of lead compounds in time- and cost-effective ways,
specific challenges also exist. Particularly, it is necessary to develop
pharmacological inhibitors that effectively discriminate between closely
related molecular targets. DYRK1B kinase is considered a valuable
target for cancer-specific mono- or combination chemotherapy; however,
the inhibition of its closely related DYRK1A kinase is not beneficial.
Existing inhibitors target both kinases with essentially the same
efficiency, and the unavailability of the DYRK1B crystal structure
makes the discovery of DYRK1B-specific inhibitors even more challenging.
Here, we propose a novel multi-stage compound discovery pipeline aimed
at in silico identification of both potent and selective
small molecules from a large set of initial candidates. The method
uses structure-based docking and ligand-based quantitative structure–activity
relationship modeling. This approach allowed us to identify lead and
runner-up small-molecule compounds targeting DYRK1B with high efficiency
and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Alexandrov
- Liquid Algo LLC, Hopewell Junction, New York12533, United States
| | - Maria Vilenchik
- Felicitex Therapeutics, Natick, Massachusetts01760, United States
| | - Omar Kantidze
- Quantori LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
| | - Nika Tsutskiridze
- Quantori LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States.,Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi0186, Georgia
| | - Daviti Kharchilava
- Quantori LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States.,Tbilisi State Medical University, Tbilisi0186, Georgia
| | - Pema Lhewa
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia30303, United States
| | - Aleksandr Shishkin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia30303, United States
| | - Yuriy Gankin
- Quantori LLC, Cambridge, Massachusetts02142, United States
| | - Alexander Kirpich
- Department of Population Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia30303, United States
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8
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Quatannens D, Verhoeven Y, Van Dam P, Lardon F, Prenen H, Roeyen G, Peeters M, Smits ELJ, Van Audenaerde J. Targeting hedgehog signaling in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Pharmacol Ther 2022; 236:108107. [PMID: 34999181 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2022.108107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a leading cause of cancer related death. The urgent need for effective therapies is highlighted by the lack of adequate targeting. In PDAC, hedgehog (Hh) signaling is known to be aberrantly activated, which prompted the pathway as a possible target for effective treatment for PDAC patients. Unfortunately, specific targeting of upstream molecules within the Hh signaling pathway failed to bring clinical benefit. This led to the ongoing debate on Hh targeting as a therapeutic treatment for PDAC patients. Additionally, concurrent non-canonical activation routes also result in translocation of Gli transcription factors into the nucleus. Therefore, different downstream targets of the Hh signaling pathway were identified and evaluated in preclinical and clinical research. In this review we summarize the variety of Hh signaling antagonists in different preclinical models of PDAC. Furthermore, we discuss published and ongoing clinical trials that evaluated Hh antagonists and point out the current hurdles and future perspectives in the light of redesigning Hh-targeting therapies for the treatment of PDAC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Quatannens
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Yannick Verhoeven
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Peter Van Dam
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Hans Prenen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Hepatobiliary Transplantation and Endocrine Surgery, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Department of Oncology, University Hospital Antwerp (UZA), Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Evelien L J Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
| | - Jonas Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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9
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Segretti ND, Takarada JE, Ferreira MA, da Silva Santiago A, Teodoro BVM, Damião MCFCB, Godoi PH, Cunha MR, Fala AM, Ramos PZ, Ishikawa EE, Mascarello A, Serafim RAM, Azevedo H, Guimarães CRW, Couñago RM. Discovery of novel benzothiophene derivatives as potent and narrow spectrum inhibitors of DYRK1A and DYRK1B. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2022; 68:128764. [PMID: 35504513 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2022.128764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The discovery of potent and selective inhibitors for understudied kinases can provide relevant pharmacological tools to illuminate their biological functions. DYRK1A and DYRK1B are protein kinases linked to chronic human diseases. Current DYRK1A/DYRK1B inhibitors also antagonize the function of related protein kinases, such as CDC2-like kinases (CLK1, CLK2, CLK4) and DYRK2. Here, we reveal narrow spectrum dual inhibitors of DYRK1A and DYRK1B based on a benzothiophene scaffold. Compound optimization exploited structural differences in the ATP-binding sites of the DYRK1 kinases and resulted in the discovery of 3n, a potent and cell-permeable DYRK1A/DYRK1B inhibitor. This compound has a different scaffold and a narrower off-target profile compared to current DYRK1A/DYRK1B inhibitors. We expect the benzothiophene derivatives described here to aid establishing DYRK1A/DYRK1B cellular functions and their role in human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jéssica E Takarada
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Marcos A Ferreira
- Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S.A., Guarulhos, SP 07034-904, Brazil
| | - André da Silva Santiago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Bruno V M Teodoro
- Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S.A., Guarulhos, SP 07034-904, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo H Godoi
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Micael R Cunha
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Angela M Fala
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Priscila Z Ramos
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Eloisa E Ishikawa
- Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S.A., Guarulhos, SP 07034-904, Brazil
| | | | - Ricardo A M Serafim
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil
| | - Hatylas Azevedo
- Aché Laboratórios Farmacêuticos S.A., Guarulhos, SP 07034-904, Brazil.
| | | | - Rafael M Couñago
- Centro de Química Medicinal (CQMED), Centro de Biologia Molecular e Engenharia Genética (CBMEG), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP 13083-875, Brazil.
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10
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Nguyen NM, Cho J. Hedgehog Pathway Inhibitors as Targeted Cancer Therapy and Strategies to Overcome Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031733. [PMID: 35163655 PMCID: PMC8835893 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is a highly conserved pathway that plays a vital role during embryonic development. Recently, uncontrolled activation of this pathway has been demonstrated in various types of cancer. Therefore, Hh pathway inhibitors have emerged as an important class of anti-cancer agents. Unfortunately, however, their reputation has been tarnished by the emergence of resistance during therapy, necessitating clarification of mechanisms underlying the drug resistance. In this review, we briefly overview canonical and non-canonical Hh pathways and their inhibitors as targeted cancer therapy. In addition, we summarize the mechanisms of resistance to Smoothened (SMO) inhibitors, including point mutations of the drug binding pocket or downstream molecules of SMO, and non-canonical mechanisms to reinforce Hh pathway output. A distinct mechanism involving loss of primary cilia is also described to maintain GLI activity in resistant tumors. Finally, we address the main strategies to circumvent the drug resistance. These strategies include the development of novel and potent inhibitors targeting different components of the canonical Hh pathway or signaling molecules of the non-canonical pathway. Further studies are necessary to avoid emerging resistance to Hh inhibitors and establish an optimal customized regimen with improved therapeutic efficacy to treat various types of cancer, including basal cell carcinoma.
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11
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Discovery of a Novel Template, 7-Substituted 7-Deaza-4'-Thioadenosine Derivatives as Multi-Kinase Inhibitors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14121290. [PMID: 34959689 PMCID: PMC8708872 DOI: 10.3390/ph14121290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of anticancer drugs remains challenging owing to the potential for drug resistance. The simultaneous inhibition of multiple targets involved in cancer could overcome resistance, and these agents would exhibit higher potency than single-target inhibitors. Protein kinases represent a promising target for the development of anticancer agents. As most multi-kinase inhibitors are heterocycles occupying only the hinge and hydrophobic region in the ATP binding site, we aimed to design multi-kinase inhibitors that would occupy the ribose pocket, along with the hinge and hydrophobic region, based on ATP-kinase interactions. Herein, we report the discovery of a novel 4'-thionucleoside template as a multi-kinase inhibitor with potent anticancer activity. The in vitro evaluation revealed a lead 1g (7-acetylene-7-deaza-4'-thioadenosine) with potent anticancer activity, and marked inhibition of TRKA, CK1δ, and DYRK1A/1B kinases in the kinome scan assay. We believe that these findings will pave the way for developing anticancer drugs.
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12
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Massey AJ, Benwell K, Burbridge M, Kotschy A, Walmsley DL. Targeting DYRK1A/B kinases to modulate p21-cyclin D1-p27 signalling and induce anti-tumour activity in a model of human glioblastoma. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10650-10662. [PMID: 34708541 PMCID: PMC8581321 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinases DYRK1A and DYRK1B play a key role in controlling the quiescence-proliferation switch in cancer cells. Serum reduction of U87MG 2D cultures or multi-cellular tumour spheroids induced a quiescent like state characterized by increased DYRK1B and p27, and decreased pRb and cyclin D1. VER-239353 is a potent, selective inhibitor of the DYRK1A and DYRK1B kinases identified through fragment and structure-guided drug discovery. Inhibition of DYRK1A/B by VER-239353 in quiescent U87MG cells increased pRb, DYRK1B and cyclin D1 but also increased the cell cycle inhibitors p21 and p27. This resulted in exit from G0 but subsequent arrest in G1. DYRK1A/B inhibition reduced the proliferation of U87MG cells in 2D and 3D culture with greater effects observed under reduced serum conditions. Paradoxically, the induced re-expression of cell cycle proteins by DYRK1A/B inhibition further inhibited cell proliferation. Cell growth arrest induced in quiescent cells by DYRK1A/B inhibition was reversible through the addition of growth-promoting factors. DYRK inhibition-induced DNA damage and synergized with a CHK1 inhibitor in the U87MG spheroids. In vivo, DYRK1A/B inhibition-induced tumour stasis in a U87MG tumour xenograft model. These results suggest that further evaluation of VER-239353 as a treatment for glioblastoma is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mike Burbridge
- Institut de Recherches ServierCroissy‐sur‐SeineFrance
- Present address:
EngitixLondonUK
| | - Andras Kotschy
- Servier Research Institute of Medicinal ChemistryBudapestHungary
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13
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Efstathiou A, Smirlis D. Leishmania Protein Kinases: Important Regulators of the Parasite Life Cycle and Molecular Targets for Treating Leishmaniasis. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040691. [PMID: 33801655 PMCID: PMC8066228 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Leishmania is a protozoan parasite of the trypanosomatid family, causing a wide range of diseases with different clinical manifestations including cutaneous, mucocutaneous and visceral leishmaniasis. According to WHO, one billion people are at risk of Leishmania infection as they live in endemic areas while there are 12 million infected people worldwide. Annually, 0.9-1.6 million new infections are reported and 20-50 thousand deaths occur due to Leishmania infection. As current chemotherapy for treating leishmaniasis exhibits numerous drawbacks and due to the lack of effective human vaccine, there is an urgent need to develop new antileishmanial therapy treatment. To this end, eukaryotic protein kinases can be ideal target candidates for rational drug design against leishmaniasis. Eukaryotic protein kinases mediate signal transduction through protein phosphorylation and their inhibition is anticipated to be disease modifying as they regulate all essential processes for Leishmania viability and completion of the parasitic life cycle including cell-cycle progression, differentiation and virulence. This review highlights existing knowledge concerning the exploitation of Leishmania protein kinases as molecular targets to treat leishmaniasis and the current knowledge of their role in the biology of Leishmania spp. and in the regulation of signalling events that promote parasite survival in the insect vector or the mammalian host.
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14
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Li L, Wei JR, Song Y, Fang S, Du Y, Li Z, Zeng TT, Zhu YH, Li Y, Guan XY. TROAP switches DYRK1 activity to drive hepatocellular carcinoma progression. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:125. [PMID: 33500384 PMCID: PMC7838256 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03422-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common malignancy and lacks effective therapeutic targets. Here, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of trophinin-associated protein (TROAP) dramatically drove HCC cell growth assessed by foci formation in monolayer culture, colony formation in soft agar and orthotopic liver transplantation in nude mice. Inversely, silencing TROAP expression with short-hairpin RNA attenuated the malignant proliferation of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Next, mechanistic investigation revealed that TROAP directly bound to dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinase 1A/B (DYRK1A/B), resulting in the cytoplasmic retention of proteins DYRK1A/B and promoting cell cycle process via activation of Akt/GSK-3β signaling. Combination of cisplatin with an inhibitor of DYRK1 AZ191 effectively inhibited tumor growth in mouse model for HCC cells with high level of TROAP. Clinically, TROAP was significantly upregulated by miR-142-5p in HCC tissues, which predicted the poor survival of patients with HCC. Therefore, TROAP/DYRK1/Akt axis may be a promising therapeutic target and prognostic indicator for patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hospital, 518053, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jia-Ru Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ye Song
- Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institutes of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Key Medical Discipline Construction Project, 510095, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Fang
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518100, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yanyu Du
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 518100, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting-Ting Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying-Hui Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yuan Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China and Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 510060, Guangzhou, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory for Liver Research, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
- Department of Clinical Oncology Center, The University of Hongkong-Shenzhen Hospital, 518053, Shenzhen, China.
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A Crosstalk Between Dual-Specific Phosphatases and Dual-Specific Protein Kinases Can Be A Potential Therapeutic Target for Anti-cancer Therapy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1275:357-382. [PMID: 33539023 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-49844-3_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) play an initiative role in growth factor-mediated cellular processes, protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) negatively regulates these processes, acting as tumor suppressors. Besides selective tyrosine dephosphorylation of PTKs via PTPs may affect oncogenic pathways during carcinogenesis. The PTP family contains a group of dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) that regulate the activity of Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), which are key effectors in the control of cell growth, proliferation and survival. Abnormal MAPK signaling is critical for initiation and progression stages of carcinogenesis. Since depletion of DUSP-MAPK phosphatases (MKPs) can reduce tumorigenicity, altering MAPK signaling by DUSP-MKP inhibitors could be a novel strategy in anti-cancer therapy. Moreover, Cdc25A is, a DUSP and a key regulator of the cell cycle, promotes cell cycle progression by dephosphorylating and activating cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). Cdc25A-CDK pathway is a novel mechanism in carcinogenesis. Besides the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase inhibitors or mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) inhibition in combination with the dual phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/mTOR or AKT kinase inhibitors are more effective in inhibiting the phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and cap-dependent translation. Dual targeting of the Akt and mTOR signaling pathways regulates cellular growth, proliferation and survival. Like the Cdc2-like kinases (CLK), dual-specific tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) are essential for the regulation of cell fate. The crosstalk between dual-specific phosphatases and dual- specific protein kinases is a novel drug target for anti-cancer therapy. Therefore, the focus of this chapter involves protein kinase modules, critical biochemical checkpoints of cancer therapy and the synergistic effects of protein kinases and anti-cancer molecules.
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Kokkorakis N, Gaitanou M. Minibrain-related kinase/dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1B implication in stem/cancer stem cells biology. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:1553-1575. [PMID: 33505600 PMCID: PMC7789127 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i12.1553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (DYRK1B), also known as minibrain-related kinase (MIRK) is one of the best functionally studied members of the DYRK kinase family. DYRKs comprise a family of protein kinases that are emerging modulators of signal transduction pathways, cell proliferation and differentiation, survival, and cell motility. DYRKs were found to participate in several signaling pathways critical for development and cell homeostasis. In this review, we focus on the DYRK1B protein kinase from a functional point of view concerning the signaling pathways through which DYRK1B exerts its cell type-dependent function in a positive or negative manner, in development and human diseases. In particular, we focus on the physiological role of DYRK1B in behavior of stem cells in myogenesis, adipogenesis, spermatogenesis and neurogenesis, as well as in its pathological implication in cancer and metabolic syndrome. Thus, understanding of the molecular mechanisms that regulate signaling pathways is of high importance. Recent studies have identified a close regulatory connection between DYRK1B and the hedgehog (HH) signaling pathway. Here, we aim to bring together what is known about the functional integration and cross-talk between DYRK1B and several signaling pathways, such as HH, RAS and PI3K/mTOR/AKT, as well as how this might affect cellular and molecular processes in development, physiology, and pathology. Thus, this review summarizes the major known functions of DYRK1B kinase, as well as the mechanisms by which DYRK1B exerts its functions in development and human diseases focusing on the homeostasis of stem and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Kokkorakis
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
| | - Maria Gaitanou
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology-Stem Cells, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens 11521, Greece
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17
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Saluja TS, Kumar V, Agrawal M, Tripathi A, Meher RK, Srivastava K, Gupta A, Singh A, Chaturvedi A, Singh SK. Mitochondrial Stress-Mediated Targeting of Quiescent Cancer Stem Cells in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cancer Manag Res 2020; 12:4519-4530. [PMID: 32606945 PMCID: PMC7305346 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s252292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite improved therapeutics in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), tumor cells that are either quiescent and/or endowed with stem cell–like attributes usually survive treatment and recreate tumor load at relapse. Through this study, we aimed strategically to eliminate these stem cell–like cancer cells using a combination drug approach. Methods Primary cultures from 15 well–moderately differentiated OSCC were established, and the existence of cancer cells with stem cell–like characteristics using five cancer stem cell (CSC) specific markers — CD44, CD133, CD147, C166, SOX2 and spheroid assay was ascertained. Next, we assessed quiescence in CSCs under normal and growth factor–deprived conditions using Ki67. Among several gene signatures regulating quiescent cellular state, we evaluated the effect of inhibiting Dyrk1b in combination with topoisomerase II and histone deacetylase inhibitors in targeting quiescent CSCs. Multiple drug-effect analysis was carried out with CompuSyn software to determine combination-index values. Results We observed that CD44+CD133+ showed the highest level of SOX2 expression. CSCs showed varying degrees of quiescence, and inhibition of Dyrk1b decreased quiescence and sensitized CSCs to apoptosis. In the drug-combination study, Dyrk1b inhibitor was combined with topoisomerase II and histone deacetylase inhibitors to target quiescent CSCs. In combination, a synergistic effect was seen even at a 16-fold lower dose than IC50. Furthermore, combined treatment decreased glutathione levels and increased ROS and mitochondrial stress, leading to increased DNA damage and cytochrome c in CSCs. Conclusion We report marker-based identification of CSC subpopulations and synergy of Dyrk1b inhibitor with topoisomerase II and HDAC inhibitors in primary OSCC. The results provide a new therapeutic strategy to minimize quiescence and target oral CSCs simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tajindra Singh Saluja
- Stem Cell/Cell Culture Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Monika Agrawal
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Abhilasha Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Meher
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Sambalpur University, Sambalpur, Odisha, India
| | - Kamini Srivastava
- Stem Cell/Cell Culture Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anurag Gupta
- Stem Cell/Cell Culture Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjana Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arun Chaturvedi
- Department of Surgical Oncology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Satyendra Kumar Singh
- Stem Cell/Cell Culture Unit, Center for Advance Research, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Szamborska-Gbur A, Rutkowska E, Dreas A, Frid M, Vilenchik M, Milik M, Brzózka K, Król M. How to design potent and selective DYRK1B inhibitors? Molecular modeling study. J Mol Model 2019; 25:41. [PMID: 30673861 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3921-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DYRK1B protein kinase is an emerging anticancer target due to its overexpression in a variety of cancers and its role in cancer chemoresistance through maintaining cancer cells in the G0 (quiescent) state. Consequently, there is a growing interest in the development of potent and selective DYRK1B inhibitors for anticancer therapy. One of the major off-targets is another protein kinase, GSK3β, which phosphorylates an important regulator of cell cycle progression on the same residue as DYRK1B and is involved in multiple signaling pathways. In the current work, we performed a detailed comparative structural analysis of DYRK1B and GSK3β ATP-binding sites and identified key regions responsible for selectivity. As the crystal structure of DYRK1B has never been reported, we built and optimized a homology model by comparative modeling and metadynamics simulations. Calculation of interaction energies between docked ligands in the ATP-binding sites of both kinases allowed us to pinpoint key residues responsible for potency and selectivity. Specifically, the role of the gatekeeper residues in DYRK1B and GSK3β is discussed in detail, and two other residues are identified as key to selectivity of DYRK1B inhibition versus GSK3β. The analysis presented in this work was used to support the design of potent and selective azaindole-quinoline-based DYRK1B inhibitors and can facilitate development of more selective inhibitors for DYRK kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael Frid
- Felicitex Therapeutics, Inc., 27 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Maria Vilenchik
- Felicitex Therapeutics, Inc., 27 Strathmore Road, Natick, MA, 01760, USA
| | - Mariusz Milik
- Selvita S.A., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Król
- Selvita S.A., Bobrzyńskiego 14, 30-348, Kraków, Poland.
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Darwish SS, Abdel-Halim M, ElHady AK, Salah M, Abadi AH, Becker W, Engel M. Development of novel amide-derivatized 2,4-bispyridyl thiophenes as highly potent and selective Dyrk1A inhibitors. Part II: Identification of the cyclopropylamide moiety as a key modification. Eur J Med Chem 2018; 158:270-285. [PMID: 30223116 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2018.08.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (Dyrk1A) is a potential target in Alzheimer's disease (AD) because of the established correlation between its over-expression and generation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) as well as the accumulation of amyloid plaques. However, the use of Dyrk1A inhibitors requires a high degree of selectivity over closely related kinases. In addition, the physicochemical properties of the Dyrk1A inhibitors need to be controlled to enable CNS permeability. In the present study, we optimized our previously published 2,4-bispyridyl thiophene class of Dyrk1A inhibitors by the synthesis of a small library of amide derivatives, carrying alkyl, cycloalkyl, as well as acidic and basic residues. Among this library, the cyclopropylamido modification (compound 4b) was identified as being highly beneficial for several crucial properties. 4b displayed high potency and selectivity against Dyrk1A over closely related kinases in cell-free assays (IC50: Dyrk1A = 3.2 nM; Dyrk1B = 72.9 nM and Clk1 = 270 nM) and inhibited the Dyrk1A activity in HeLa cells with high efficacy (IC50: 43 nM), while no significant cytotoxicity was observed. In addition, the cyclopropylamido group conferred high metabolic stability and maintained the calculated physicochemical properties in a range compatible with a potential CNS activity. Thus, based on its favourable properties, 4b can be considered as a candidate for further in vivo testing in animal models of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah S Darwish
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdel-Halim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K ElHady
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Salah
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Ashraf H Abadi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Ghirga F, Mori M, Infante P. Current trends in Hedgehog signaling pathway inhibition by small molecules. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:3131-3140. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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21
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He M, Gu J, Zhu J, Wang X, Wang C, Duan C, Ni Y, Lu X, Li J. Up-regulation of Dyrk1b promote astrocyte activation following lipopolysaccharide-induced neuroinflammation. Neuropeptides 2018; 69:76-83. [PMID: 29751999 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2018.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Astrocytes become activated in response to different stimulation. Dyrk1b is an arginine-directed serine/threonineprotein kinase that is expressed at elevated levels in many cancers but remains unknown in the pathologies of neuroinflammation. In this study, in vivo, we demonstrated that Dyrk1b expression was significantly increased and reached a peak at 12 h after LPS injection via Western blot. Double immunofluorescence staining showed that Dyrk1b co-located with GFAP and Ki67. In vitro, the expression of Dyrk1b, Ki67 and cyclinD1 was gradually increased and reached a peak at 12 h in a time-dependent manner after 1 μg/mL LPS stimulation. Knockdown of Dyrk1b significantly reduced the expression of Ki67 and cyclinD1. In addition, the data exhibited that silenced Dyrk1b decreased the expression of p-STAT3 in primary astrocyte cells, and Dyrk1b interacted with STAT3 in LPS-induced neuroinflammation. In conclusion, these results suggested that Dyrk1b is increased and may play a crucial role in regulating astrocyte cell activation via interact with STAT3 in LPS-induced neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingqing He
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jun Gu
- Department of Orthopaedics, XiShan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzhou Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengniu Wang
- Basic Medical Research Centre, Medical College, Nantong University, Nantong 226001,Jiangsu, China
| | - Chengwei Duan
- The Second People's Hospital of Nantong, Nantong 226002, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yingjie Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, XiShan People's Hospital, Wuxi 214011, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China; Key Laboratory for Aging & Disease, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210011, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Jianzhong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, Jiangsu, China.
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22
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Das S, Suresh B, Kim HH, Ramakrishna S. RanBPM: a potential therapeutic target for modulating diverse physiological disorders. Drug Discov Today 2017; 22:1816-1824. [PMID: 28847759 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The Ran-binding protein microtubule-organizing center (RanBPM) is a highly conserved nucleocytoplasmic protein involved in a variety of intracellular signaling pathways that control diverse cellular functions. RanBPM interacts with proteins that are linked to various diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), schizophrenia (SCZ), and cancer. In this article, we define the characteristics of the scaffolding protein RanBPM and focus on its interaction partners in diverse physiological disorders, such as neurological diseases, fertility disorders, and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyadip Das
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Hyongbum Henry Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Brain Korea 21 Plus Project for Medical Sciences, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, South Korea; Center for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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23
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Abu Jhaisha S, Widowati EW, Kii I, Sonamoto R, Knapp S, Papadopoulos C, Becker W. DYRK1B mutations associated with metabolic syndrome impair the chaperone-dependent maturation of the kinase domain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6420. [PMID: 28743892 PMCID: PMC5526990 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06874-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Two missense mutations of the DYRK1B gene have recently been found to co-segregate with a rare autosomal-dominant form of metabolic syndrome. This gene encodes a member of the DYRK family of protein kinases, which depend on tyrosine autophosphorylation to acquire the catalytically active conformation. The mutations (H90P and R102C) affect a structural element named DYRK homology (DH) box and did not directly interfere with the conformation of the catalytic domain in a structural model of DYRK1B. Cellular assays showed that the mutations did not alter the specific activity of mature kinase molecules. However, a significant part of the mutant DYRK1B protein accumulated in detergent-insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates and was underphosphorylated on tyrosine. The mutant DYRK1B variants were more vulnerable to the HSP90 inhibitor ganetespib and showed enhanced binding to the co-chaperone CDC37 as compared to wild type DYRK1B. These results support the hypothesis that the mutations in the DH box interfere with the maturation of DYRK1B by tyrosine autophosphorylation and compromise the conformational stability of the catalytic domain, which renders the kinase susceptible to misfolding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Abu Jhaisha
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Esti W Widowati
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Chemistry Study Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, State Islamic University, (UIN), Sunan Kalijaga, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Isao Kii
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rie Sonamoto
- Pathophysiological and Health Science Team, Imaging Platform and Innovation Group, Division of Bio-Function Dynamics Imaging, RIKEN Center for Life Science Technologies, 6-7-3 Minatojima-minamimachi, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Institute for Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences (BMLS), Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am, Main, 60438, Germany
| | - Chrisovalantis Papadopoulos
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
- Molecular Biology I, Center for Medical Biotechnology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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24
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Singh R, Dhanyamraju PK, Lauth M. DYRK1B blocks canonical and promotes non-canonical Hedgehog signaling through activation of the mTOR/AKT pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 8:833-845. [PMID: 27903983 PMCID: PMC5352201 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hedgehog (Hh) signaling plays important roles in embryonic development and in tumor formation. Apart from the well-established stimulation of the GLI family of transcription factors, Hh ligands promote the phosphorylation and activation of mTOR and AKT kinases, yet the molecular mechanism underlying these processes are unknown. Here, we identify the DYRK1B kinase as a mediator between Hh signaling and mTOR/AKT activation. In fibroblasts, Hh signaling induces DYRK1B protein expression, resulting in activation of the mTOR/AKT kinase signaling arm. Furthermore, DYRK1B exerts positive and negative feedback regulation on the Hh pathway itself: It negatively interferes with SMO-elicited canonical Hh signaling, while at the same time it provides positive feed-forward functions by promoting AKT-mediated GLI stability. Due to the fact that the mTOR/AKT pathway is itself subject to strong negative feedback regulation, pharmacological inhibition of DYRK1B results in initial upregulation followed by downregulation of AKT phosphorylation and GLI stabilization. Addressing this issue therapeutically, we show that a pharmacological approach combining a DYRK1B antagonist with an mTOR/AKT inhibitor results in strong GLI1 targeting and in pronounced cytotoxicity in human pancreatic and ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immunobiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Pavan Kumar Dhanyamraju
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immunobiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Lauth
- Philipps University Marburg, Institute of Molecular Biology and Tumor Research (IMT), Center for Tumor- and Immunobiology, 35043 Marburg, Germany
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25
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Chaikuad A, Diharce J, Schröder M, Foucourt A, Leblond B, Casagrande AS, Désiré L, Bonnet P, Knapp S, Besson T. An Unusual Binding Model of the Methyl 9-Anilinothiazolo[5,4-f] quinazoline-2-carbimidates (EHT 1610 and EHT 5372) Confers High Selectivity for Dual-Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinases. J Med Chem 2016; 59:10315-10321. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b01083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Apirat Chaikuad
- Target
Discovery Institute (TDI), and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
| | - Julien Diharce
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS-Université d’Orléans
7311, Université d’Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans 45067 Cedex 2, France
| | - Martin Schröder
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchman Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Alicia Foucourt
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Pascal Bonnet
- Institut
de Chimie Organique et Analytique, UMR CNRS-Université d’Orléans
7311, Université d’Orléans, BP 6759, Orléans 45067 Cedex 2, France
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Target
Discovery Institute (TDI), and Structural Genomics Consortium (SGC), University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Oxford OX3 7DQ, U.K
- Institute
of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Buchman Institute for Life Sciences, Goethe-University, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 9, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, INSA Rouen, CNRS, COBRA UMR 6014, 76000 Rouen, France
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26
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Yan H, Hu K, Wu W, Li Y, Tian H, Chu Z, Koeffler HP, Yin D. Low Expression of DYRK2 (Dual Specificity Tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulated Kinase 2) Correlates with Poor Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159954. [PMID: 27532268 PMCID: PMC4988784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a member of dual-specificity kinase family, which could phosphorylate both Ser/Thr and Tyr substrates. The role of DYRK2 in human cancer remains controversial. For example, overexpression of DYRK2 predicts a better survival in human non-small cell lung cancer. In contrast, amplification of DYRK2 gene occurs in esophageal/lung adenocarcinoma, implying the role of DYRK2 as a potential oncogene. However, its clinical role in colorectal cancer (CRC) has not been explored. In this study, we analyzed the expression of DYRK2 from Oncomine database and found that DYRK2 level is lower in primary or metastatic CRC compared to adjacent normal colon tissue or non-metastatic CRC, respectively, in 6 colorectal carcinoma data sets. The correlation between DYRK2 expression and clinical outcome in 181 CRC patients was also investigated by real-time PCR and IHC. DYRK2 expression was significantly down-regulated in colorectal cancer tissues compared with adjacent non-tumorous tissues. Functional studies confirmed that DYRK2 inhibited cell invasion and migration in both HCT116 and SW480 cells and functioned as a tumor suppressor in CRC cells. Furthermore, the lower DYRK2 levels were correlated with tumor sites (P = 0.023), advanced clinical stages (P = 0.006) and shorter survival in the advanced clinical stages. Univariate and multivariate analyses indicated that DYRK2 expression was an independent prognostic factor (P < 0.001). Taking all, we concluded that DYRK2 a novel prognostic biomarker of human colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Kaishun Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Breast Oncology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yu Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Huan Tian
- Department of Breast Oncology, Guangdong Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Traditional Chinese Medicine University of Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhonghua Chu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - H. Phillip Koeffler
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- National University of Singapore (CSI, NCIS), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dong Yin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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27
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Gruber W, Hutzinger M, Elmer DP, Parigger T, Sternberg C, Cegielkowski L, Zaja M, Leban J, Michel S, Hamm S, Vitt D, Aberger F. DYRK1B as therapeutic target in Hedgehog/GLI-dependent cancer cells with Smoothened inhibitor resistance. Oncotarget 2016; 7:7134-48. [PMID: 26784250 PMCID: PMC4872774 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of human malignancies displays aberrant activation of Hedgehog (HH)/GLI signaling, including cancers of the skin, brain, gastrointestinal tract and hematopoietic system. Targeting oncogenic HH/GLI signaling with small molecule inhibitors of the essential pathway effector Smoothened (SMO) has shown remarkable therapeutic effects in patients with advanced and metastatic basal cell carcinoma. However, acquired and de novo resistance to SMO inhibitors poses severe limitations to the use of SMO antagonists and urgently calls for the identification of novel targets and compounds.Here we report on the identification of the Dual-Specificity-Tyrosine-Phosphorylation-Regulated Kinase 1B (DYRK1B) as critical positive regulator of HH/GLI signaling downstream of SMO. Genetic and chemical inhibition of DYRK1B in human and mouse cancer cells resulted in marked repression of HH signaling and GLI1 expression, respectively. Importantly, DYRK1B inhibition profoundly impaired GLI1 expression in both SMO-inhibitor sensitive and resistant settings. We further introduce a novel small molecule DYRK1B inhibitor, DYRKi, with suitable pharmacologic properties to impair SMO-dependent and SMO-independent oncogenic GLI activity. The results support the use of DYRK1B antagonists for the treatment of HH/GLI-associated cancers where SMO inhibitors fail to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/physiology
- Hedgehog Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hedgehog Proteins/genetics
- Hedgehog Proteins/metabolism
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- NIH 3T3 Cells
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics
- Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Small Interfering/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
- Smoothened Receptor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Smoothened Receptor/genetics
- Smoothened Receptor/metabolism
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/genetics
- Zinc Finger Protein GLI1/metabolism
- Dyrk Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Gruber
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Martin Hutzinger
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Dominik Patrick Elmer
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Parigger
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Lukasz Cegielkowski
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mirko Zaja
- 4SC Discovery GmbH, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Johann Leban
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Daniel Vitt
- 4SC Discovery GmbH, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
- 4SC AG, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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28
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Masaki S, Kii I, Sumida Y, Kato-Sumida T, Ogawa Y, Ito N, Nakamura M, Sonamoto R, Kataoka N, Hosoya T, Hagiwara M. Design and synthesis of a potent inhibitor of class 1 DYRK kinases as a suppressor of adipogenesis. Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:4434-4441. [PMID: 26145823 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) has been demonstrated in several pathological conditions, including Alzheimer's disease and cancer progression. It has been recently reported that a gain of function-mutation in the human DYRK1B gene exacerbates metabolic syndrome by enhancing obesity. In the previous study, we developed an inhibitor of DYRK family kinases (INDY) and demonstrated that INDY suppresses the pathological phenotypes induced by overexpression of DYRK1A or DYRK1B in cellular and animal models. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel inhibitor of DYRK family kinases based on the crystal structure of the DYRK1A/INDY complex by replacing the phenol group of INDY with dibenzofuran to produce a derivative, named BINDY. This compound exhibited potent and selective inhibitory activity toward DYRK family kinases in an in vitro assay. Furthermore, treatment of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes with BINDY hampered adipogenesis by suppressing gene expression of the critical transcription factors PPARγ and C/EBPα. This study indicates the possibility of BINDY as a potential drug for metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Masaki
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Isao Kii
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuto Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Tomoe Kato-Sumida
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Yasushi Ogawa
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
| | - Nobutoshi Ito
- Department of Structural Biology, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Nakamura
- Division of Natural Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Tokushima 770-8502, Japan
| | - Rie Sonamoto
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Kataoka
- Laboratory for Malignancy Control Research, Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, 53, Shigoin-Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hosoya
- Laboratory of Chemical Bioscience, Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Hagiwara
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida-Konoe-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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29
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Rüben K, Wurzlbauer A, Walte A, Sippl W, Bracher F, Becker W. Selectivity Profiling and Biological Activity of Novel β-Carbolines as Potent and Selective DYRK1 Kinase Inhibitors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0132453. [PMID: 26192590 PMCID: PMC4508061 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0132453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
DYRK1A is a pleiotropic protein kinase with diverse functions in cellular regulation, including cell cycle control, neuronal differentiation, and synaptic transmission. Enhanced activity and overexpression of DYRK1A have been linked to altered brain development and function in Down syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease. The β-carboline alkaloid harmine is a high affinity inhibitor of DYRK1A but suffers from the drawback of inhibiting monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A) with even higher potency. Here we characterized a series of novel harmine analogs with minimal or absent MAO-A inhibitory activity. We identified several inhibitors with submicromolar potencies for DYRK1A and selectivity for DYRK1A and DYRK1B over the related kinases DYRK2 and HIPK2. An optimized inhibitor, AnnH75, inhibited CLK1, CLK4, and haspin/GSG2 as the only off-targets in a panel of 300 protein kinases. In cellular assays, AnnH75 dose-dependently reduced the phosphorylation of three known DYRK1A substrates (SF3B1, SEPT4, and tau) without negative effects on cell viability. AnnH75 inhibited the cotranslational tyrosine autophosphorylation of DYRK1A and threonine phosphorylation of an exogenous substrate protein with similar potency. In conclusion, we have characterized an optimized β-carboline inhibitor as a highly selective chemical probe that complies with desirable properties of drug-like molecules and is suitable to interrogate the function of DYRK1A in biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Rüben
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Anne Wurzlbauer
- Department of Pharmacy—Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Agnes Walte
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Sippl
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Franz Bracher
- Department of Pharmacy—Center for Drug Research, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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30
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Martin KA, Mani MV, Mani A. New targets to treat obesity and the metabolic syndrome. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 763:64-74. [PMID: 26001373 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.03.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2014] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster ofassociated metabolic traits that collectively confer unsurpassed risk for development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes compared to any single CVD risk factor. Truncal obesity plays an exceptionally critical role among all metabolic traits of the MetS. Consequently, the prevalence of the MetS has steadily increased with the growing epidemic of obesity. Pharmacotherapy has been available for obesity for more than one decade, but with little success in improving the metabolic profiles. The serotonergic drugs and inhibitors of pancreatic lipases were among the few drugs that were initially approved to treat obesity. At the present time, only the pancreatic lipase inhibitor orlistat is approved for long-term treatment of obesity. New classes of anti-diabetic drugs, including glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists and Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, are currently being evaluated for their effects on obesity and metabolic traits. The genetic studies of obesity and metabolic syndrome have identified novel molecules acting on the hunger and satiety peptidergic signaling of the gut-hypothalamus axis or the melanocortin system of the brain and are promising targets for future drug development. The goal is to develop drugs that not only treat obesity, but also favorably impact its associated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen A Martin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Arya Mani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, USA; Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, USA.
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31
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Song LN, Silva J, Koller A, Rosenthal A, Chen EI, Gelmann EP. The Tumor Suppressor NKX3.1 Is Targeted for Degradation by DYRK1B Kinase. Mol Cancer Res 2015; 13:913-22. [PMID: 25777618 PMCID: PMC4511920 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-14-0680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED NKX3.1 is a prostate-specific homeodomain protein and tumor suppressor whose expression is reduced in the earliest phases of prostatic neoplasia. NKX3.1 expression is not only diminished by genetic loss and methylation, but the protein itself is a target for accelerated degradation caused by inflammation that is common in the aging prostate gland. NKX3.1 degradation is activated by phosphorylation at C-terminal serine residues that mediate ubiquitination and protein turnover. Because NKX3.1 is haploinsufficient, strategies to increase its protein stability could lead to new therapies. Here, a high-throughput screen was developed using an siRNA library for kinases that mediate NKX3.1 degradation. This approach identified several candidates, of which DYRK1B, a kinase that is subject to gene amplification and overexpression in other cancers, had the greatest impact on NKX3.1 half-life. Mechanistically, NKX3.1 and DYRK1B were shown to interact via the DYRK1B kinase domain. In addition, an in vitro kinase assay showed that DYRK1B phosphorylated NKX3.1 at serine 185, a residue critical for NKX3.1 steady-state turnover. Lastly, small-molecule inhibitors of DYRK1B prolonged NKX3.1 half-life. Thus, DYRK1B is a target for enzymatic inhibition in order to increase cellular NKX3.1. IMPLICATIONS DYRK1B is a promising and novel kinase target for prostate cancer treatment mediated by enhancing NKX3.1 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Silva
- Icahn 9th Floor, Office L9-20F, 1425 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10029-6574
| | - Antonius Koller
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
| | - Andrew Rosenthal
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, 9800 Medical Center Drive, MSC 3370, Bethesda, MD 20892-3370
| | - Emily I. Chen
- Proteomics Shared Resource at the Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
- Department of Pharmacology, Columbia University Medical Center, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, 177 Ft. Washington Ave., MHB 6N-435, New York, NY, 10032, 212-305-8602, Fax 212-305-3035
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Coutadeur S, Benyamine H, Delalonde L, de Oliveira C, Leblond B, Foucourt A, Besson T, Casagrande AS, Taverne T, Girard A, Pando MP, Désiré L. A novel DYRK1A (dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A) inhibitor for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: effect on Tau and amyloid pathologies in vitro. J Neurochem 2015; 133:440-51. [PMID: 25556849 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) gene is located within the Down Syndrome (DS) critical region on chromosome 21 and is implicated in the generation of Tau and amyloid pathologies that are associated with the early onset Alzheimer's Disease (AD) observed in DS. DYRK1A is also found associated with neurofibrillary tangles in sporadic AD and phosphorylates key AD players (Tau, amyloid precursor, protein, etc). Thus, DYRK1A may be an important therapeutic target to modify the course of Tau and amyloid beta (Aβ) pathologies. Here, we describe EHT 5372 (methyl 9-(2,4-dichlorophenylamino) thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline-2-carbimidate), a novel, highly potent (IC50 = 0.22 nM) DYRK1A inhibitor with a high degree of selectivity over 339 kinases. Models in which inhibition of DYRK1A by siRNA reduced and DYRK1A over-expression induced Tau phosphorylation or Aβ production were used. EHT 5372 inhibits DYRK1A-induced Tau phosphorylation at multiple AD-relevant sites in biochemical and cellular assays. EHT 5372 also normalizes both Aβ-induced Tau phosphorylation and DYRK1A-stimulated Aβ production. DYRK1A is thus as a key element of Aβ-mediated Tau hyperphosphorylation, which links Tau and amyloid pathologies. EHT 5372 and other compounds in its class warrant in vivo investigation as a novel, high-potential therapy for AD and other Tau opathies. Inhibition of the dual specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a new high-potential therapeutic approach for Alzheimer disease. Here we describe EHT 5372, a novel potent and selective DYRK1A inhibitor. EHT 5372 inhibits DYRK1A-induced Tau phosphorylation, Aβ production and Aβ effects on phospho-Tau, including Tau aggregation.
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Kettle JG, Ballard P, Bardelle C, Cockerill M, Colclough N, Critchlow SE, Debreczeni J, Fairley G, Fillery S, Graham MA, Goodwin L, Guichard S, Hudson K, Ward RA, Whittaker D. Discovery and optimization of a novel series of Dyrk1B kinase inhibitors to explore a MEK resistance hypothesis. J Med Chem 2015; 58:2834-44. [PMID: 25738750 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.5b00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Potent and selective inhibitors of Dyrk1B kinase were developed to explore the hypothesis, based on siRNA studies, that Dyrk1B may be a resistance mechanism in cells undergoing a stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Kettle
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Ballard
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Bardelle
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cockerill
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Colclough
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Susan E Critchlow
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Judit Debreczeni
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Gary Fairley
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun Fillery
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Graham
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Louise Goodwin
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvie Guichard
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Kevin Hudson
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Richard A Ward
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - David Whittaker
- Oncology iMed, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
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Fernández-Martínez P, Zahonero C, Sánchez-Gómez P. DYRK1A: the double-edged kinase as a protagonist in cell growth and tumorigenesis. Mol Cell Oncol 2015; 2:e970048. [PMID: 27308401 PMCID: PMC4905233 DOI: 10.4161/23723548.2014.970048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
DYRK1A (dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A) is a kinase with multiple implications for embryonic development, especially in the nervous system where it regulates the balance between proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitors. The DYRK1A gene is located in the Down syndrome critical region and may play a significant role in the developmental brain defects, early neurodegeneration, and cancer susceptibility of individuals with this syndrome. DYRK1A is also expressed in adults, where it might participate in the regulation of cell cycle, survival, and tumorigenesis, thus representing a potential therapeutic target for certain types of cancer. However, the final readout of DYRK1A overexpression or inhibition depends strongly on the cellular context, as it has both tumor suppressor and oncogenic activities. Here, we will discuss the functions and substrates of DYRK1A associated with the control of cell growth and tumorigenesis with a focus on the potential use of DYRK1A inhibitors in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Fernández-Martínez
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular Aplicada; Universidad CEU-San Pablo ; Madrid, Spain
| | - C Zahonero
- Neuro-oncology Unit; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC ; Madrid, Spain
| | - P Sánchez-Gómez
- Neuro-oncology Unit; Instituto de Salud Carlos III-UFIEC ; Madrid, Spain
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35
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Abstract
Currently, Dual Specificity YAK1-Related Kinases (MNB/DYRK) were found in slime molds, protista, fungi, and animals, but the existence of plant homologues is still unclear. In the present study, we have identified 14 potential plant homologues with the previously unknown functions, based on the strong sequence similarity. The results of bioinformatics analysis revealed their correspondence to DYRK1A, DYRK1B, DYRK3, and DYRK4. For two plant homologues of animal DYRK1A from Physcomitrella patens and Arabidopsis thaliana spatial structures of catalytic domains were predicted, as well as their complexes with ADP and selective inhibitor d15. Comparative analysis of 3D-structures of the human DYRK1A and plant homologues, their complexes with the specific inhibitors, and results of molecular dynamics confirm their structural and functional similarity with high probability. Preliminary data indicate the presence of potential MNB/DYRK specific phosphorylation sites in such proteins associated with plant cytoskeleton as plant microtubule-associated proteins WVD2 and WDL1, and FH5 and SCAR2 involved in the organization and polarity of the actin cytoskeleton and some kinesin-like microtubule motor proteins.
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Foucourt A, Hédou D, Dubouilh-Benard C, Girard A, Taverne T, Casagrande AS, Désiré L, Leblond B, Besson T. Design and synthesis of thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolines as DYRK1A inhibitors, part II. Molecules 2014; 19:15411-39. [PMID: 25264830 PMCID: PMC6271009 DOI: 10.3390/molecules191015411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The convenient synthesis of a focused library (forty molecules) of novel 6,6,5-tricyclic thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazolines was realized mainly under microwave irradiation. A novel 6-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-2,7-dicarbonitrile (1) was used as a versatile molecular platform for the synthesis of various derivatives. Kinase inhibition, of the obtained final compounds, was evaluated on a panel of two kinases (DYRK1A/1B) together with some known reference DYRK1A and DYRK1B inhibitors (harmine, TG003, NCGC-00189310 and leucettine L41). Compound IC50 values were obtained and compared. Five of the novel thiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline derivatives prepared, EHT 5372 (8c), EHT 6840 (8h), EHT 1610 (8i), EHT 9851 (8k) and EHT 3356 (9b) displayed single-digit nanomolar or subnanomolar IC50 values and are among the most potent DYRK1A/1B inhibitors disclosed to date. DYRK1A/1B kinases are known to be involved in the regulation of various molecular pathways associated with oncology, neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer disease, AD, or other tauopathies), genetic diseases (such as Down Syndrome, DS), as well as diseases involved in abnormal pre-mRNA splicing. The compounds described in this communication constitute a highly potent set of novel molecular probes to evaluate the biology/pharmacology of DYR1A/1B in such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Foucourt
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire C.O.B.R.A., UMR 6014 and FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA de Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment I.R.C.O.F. rue Tesnière, Mont-Saint-Aignan F-76821, France.
| | - Damien Hédou
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire C.O.B.R.A., UMR 6014 and FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA de Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment I.R.C.O.F. rue Tesnière, Mont-Saint-Aignan F-76821, France.
| | - Carole Dubouilh-Benard
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire C.O.B.R.A., UMR 6014 and FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA de Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment I.R.C.O.F. rue Tesnière, Mont-Saint-Aignan F-76821, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Thierry Besson
- Normandie Univ, Laboratoire C.O.B.R.A., UMR 6014 and FR 3038; Univ Rouen; INSA de Rouen; CNRS, Bâtiment I.R.C.O.F. rue Tesnière, Mont-Saint-Aignan F-76821, France.
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Deng X, Hu J, Ewton DZ, Friedman E. Mirk/dyrk1B kinase is upregulated following inhibition of mTOR. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:1968-76. [PMID: 24590896 PMCID: PMC4146409 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTOR/p70S6K pathway is one of the most frequently deregulated signaling pathways in solid tumors and has a functional role in drug resistance. However, targeting this pathway leads to compensatory activation of several mediators of cell survival. Expression of the reactive oxygen species-controlling kinase Mirk/dyrk1B was increased severalfold by the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors RAD001, WYE354 and rapamycin, with less effect by the Akt inhibitors AZD5363 and MK-2206. Upregulation of Mirk messenger RNA (mRNA) expression was mediated by cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) binding to two sites in the Mirk promoter upstream of the transcription start site and one site within exon 4. Depletion of CREB reduced Mirk expression, whereas depletion of mTOR increased it. Moreover, hydroxytamoxifen activation of an Akt-estrogen receptor construct blocked an increase in Mirk mRNA and protein. Addition of a Mirk/dyrk1B kinase inhibitor increased the sensitivity of Panc1 pancreatic cancer cells and three different ovarian cancer cell lines to the mTOR inhibitor RAD001. Targeting Mirk kinase could improve the utility of mTOR inhibitors and so presents an attractive drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Deng
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Jing Hu
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Daina Z Ewton
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - Eileen Friedman
- Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Janel N, Sarazin M, Corlier F, Corne H, de Souza LC, Hamelin L, Aka A, Lagarde J, Blehaut H, Hindié V, Rain JC, Arbones ML, Dubois B, Potier MC, Bottlaender M, Delabar JM. Plasma DYRK1A as a novel risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. Transl Psychiatry 2014; 4:e425. [PMID: 25116835 PMCID: PMC4150238 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2014.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether apparent involvement of DYRK1A in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology makes it a candidate plasma biomarker for diagnosis, we developed a method to quantify plasma DYRK1A by immunoblot in transgenic mouse models having different gene dosages of Dyrk1a, and, consequently, different relative protein expression. Then, we measured plasma DYRK1A levels in 26 patients with biologically confirmed AD and 25 controls (negative amyloid imaging available on 13). DYRK1A was detected in transgenic mouse brain and plasma samples, and relative levels of DYRK1A correlated with the gene copy number. In plasma from AD patients, DYRK1A levels were significantly lower compared with controls (P<0.0001). Results were similar when we compared AD patients with the subgroup of controls confirmed by negative amyloid imaging. In a subgroup of patients with early AD (CDR=0.5), lower DYRK1A expression was confirmed. In contrast, no difference was found in levels of DYRK1B, the closest relative of DYRK1A, between AD patients and controls. Further, AD patients exhibited a positive correlation between plasma DYRK1A levels and cerebrospinal fluid tau and phosphorylated-tau proteins, but no correlation with amyloid-β42 levels and Pittsburgh compound B cortical binding. DYRK1A levels detected in lymphoblastoid cell lines from AD patients were also lower when compared with cells from age-matched controls. These findings suggest that reduced DYRK1A expression might be a novel plasma risk factor for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Janel
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - M Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - F Corlier
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - H Corne
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - L C de Souza
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Sorbonne Universités, Paris, France
| | - L Hamelin
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - A Aka
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - J Lagarde
- Department of Neurology, Neurology of Memory and Langage, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM UMR S894, Centre Hospitalier Sainte Anne, Paris, France
| | - H Blehaut
- Fondation Jérome Lejeune, Paris, France
| | - V Hindié
- HYBRIGENICS Services SAS, Paris, France
| | - J-C Rain
- HYBRIGENICS Services SAS, Paris, France
| | - M L Arbones
- Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - B Dubois
- Department of Neurology, Alzheimer Institute (MB, LCdS, BD, MS), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière (Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris), Paris, France
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - M C Potier
- Brain & Spine Institute (ICM) CNRS UMR7225, INSERM UMRS 975, Paris, France
| | - M Bottlaender
- CEA (MB), DSV, Institut d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - J M Delabar
- Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Diderot, EAC4413 CNRS, Paris, France
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The normal function of the cancer kinase Mirk/dyrk1B is to reduce reactive oxygen species. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:22-30. [PMID: 24955215 PMCID: PMC4063251 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2013] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mirk kinase is a gene upregulated and sometimes amplified in pancreatic cancers and in ovarian cancers, but expressed at very low levels in most normal diploid cells except for skeletal muscle. The muscle cell function of Mirk kinase selected for by cancer cells is unknown. It is now shown that Mirk protein is expressed at low levels and is largely nuclear in cycling skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts, but is translocated to the cytoplasm and upregulated when myoblasts initiate differentiation, as shown by immunofluorescence staining and by cell fractionation. Either Mirk depletion or Mirk kinase inhibition increased ROS levels in cycling C2C12 myoblasts. However, Mirk protein is localized in the cytoplasm of mature muscle fibers, specifically in the fast twitch fibers of human skeletal muscle where toxic ROS levels are generated by muscle contraction. C2C12 myoblasts at high density in differentiation media fuse to form differentiated postmitotic myotubes that can contract. A Mirk kinase inhibitor induced a dose-dependent increase in ROS in this model for fast twitch fibers of human skeletal muscle. Efficient Mirk depletion in SU86.86 pancreatic cancer cells by an inducible shRNA decreased expression of eight antioxidant genes. Thus both cancer cells and differentiated myotubes utilize Mirk kinase to relieve oxidative stress.
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40
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Schmitt C, Kail D, Mariano M, Empting M, Weber N, Paul T, Hartmann RW, Engel M. Design and synthesis of a library of lead-like 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as selective Dyrk/Clk inhibitors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e87851. [PMID: 24676346 PMCID: PMC3968014 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0087851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The Dyrk family of protein kinases is implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, including cancer and neurodegeneration. Pharmacological inhibitors were mainly described for Dyrk1A so far, but in fewer cases for Dyrk1B, Dyrk2 or other isoforms. Herein, we report the development and optimization of 2,4-bisheterocyclic substituted thiophenes as a novel class of Dyrk inhibitors. The optimized hit compounds displayed favorable pharmacokinetic properties and high ligand efficiencies, and inhibited Dyrk1B in intact cells. In a larger selectivity screen, only Clk1 and Clk4 were identified as additional targets of compound 48, but no other kinases frequently reported as off-targets. Interestingly, Dyrk1A is implicated in the regulation of alternative splicing, a function shared with Clk1/Clk4; thus, some of the dual inhibitors might be useful as efficient splicing modulators. A further compound (29) inhibited Dyrk1A and 1B with an IC50 of 130 nM, showing a moderate selectivity over Dyrk2. Since penetration of the central nervous system (CNS) seems possible based on the physicochemical properties, this compound might serve as a lead for the development of potential therapeutic agents against glioblastoma. Furthermore, an inhibitor selective for Dyrk2 (24) was also identified, which might be are suitable as a pharmacological tool to dissect Dyrk2 isoform-mediated functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmitt
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Marica Mariano
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nadja Weber
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tamara Paul
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Rolf W. Hartmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Drug Design and Optimization, Helmholtz-Institut für Pharmazeutische Forschung Saarland, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Matthias Engel
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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41
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Coombs TC, Tanega C, Shen M, Wang JL, Auld DS, Gerritz SW, Schoenen FJ, Thomas CJ, Aubé J. Small-molecule pyrimidine inhibitors of the cdc2-like (Clk) and dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated (Dyrk) kinases: development of chemical probe ML315. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:3654-61. [PMID: 23642479 PMCID: PMC3664191 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.02.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituted pyrimidine inhibitors of the Clk and Dyrk kinases have been developed, exploring structure-activity relationships around four different chemotypes. The most potent compounds have low-nanomolar inhibitory activity against Clk1, Clk2, Clk4, Dyrk1A and Dyrk1B. Kinome scans with 442 kinases using agents representing three of the chemotypes show these inhibitors to be highly selective for the Clk and Dyrk families. Further off-target pharmacological evaluation with ML315, the most selective agent, supports this conclusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Coombs
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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42
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Hu J, Deng H, Friedman EA. Ovarian cancer cells, not normal cells, are damaged by Mirk/Dyrk1B kinase inhibition. Int J Cancer 2013; 132:2258-69. [PMID: 23114871 PMCID: PMC3586305 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.27917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 10/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Prior studies had shown that the Mirk/dyrk1B gene is amplified/upregulated in about 75% of ovarian cancers, that protein levels of this kinase are elevated in quiescent G0 cells and that Mirk maintains tumor cells in quiescence by initiating rapid degradation of cyclin D isoforms and by phosphorylation of a member of the DREAM complex. Depletion of Mirk/dyrk1B led to increased cyclin D levels, an elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and loss of viability. However, many normal cells in vivo are quiescent, and therefore, targeting a kinase found in quiescent cells might be problematic. In our study, Mirk kinase activity was found to be higher in ovarian cancer cells than in normal cells. Pharmacological inhibition of Mirk/dyrk1B kinase increased cyclin D levels both in quiescent normal diploid cells and in quiescent CDKN2A-negative ovarian cancer cells, but led to more active CDK4/cyclin D complexes in quiescent ovarian cancer cells, allowing them to escape G0/G1 quiescence, enter cycle with high ROS levels and undergo apoptosis. The ROS scavenger N-acetyl cysteine reduced both the amount of cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) and the extent of cancer cell loss. In contrast, normal cells were spared because of their expression of cyclin directed kinase (CDK) inhibitors that blocked unregulated cycling. Quiescent early passage normal ovarian epithelial cells and two strains of quiescent normal diploid fibroblasts remained viable after the inhibition of Mirk/dyrk1B kinase, and the few cells that left G0/G1 quiescence were accumulated in G2+M. Thus, inhibition of Mirk kinase targeted quiescent ovarian cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Hu
- Pathology Department, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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43
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Abstract
Wdr68 is a highly conserved scaffolding protein required for craniofacial development and left-right asymmetry. A Ras-Map3k-Wdr68-Dyrk1 signaling relay may mediate these and other diverse signaling events important in development and disease. While the sub-cellular localization of Wdr68 has been shown to be dependent on that of its interaction partners, it is not clear where Wdr68 activity is required during development. Here we show that while a GFP-Wdr68 fusion functionally substituted for craniofacial development in the zebrafish, that a Nuclear Export Signal (NES) fusion protein (GFPNESWdr68) failed to support craniofacial development. As control for NES activity, we show that while GFP-Wdr68 exhibited a pan-cellular distribution in C2C12 cells, the GFPNESWdr68 fusion predominantly localized to the cell cytoplasm, as expected. Interestingly, while GFP-Wdr68 and RFP-Dyrk1a co-localized to the cell nucleus as expected based on the known sub-cellular localization for Dyrk1a, we found that the GFPNESWdr68 fusion redistributed RFP-Dyrk1a to the cell cytoplasm potentially disconnecting the Ras/Dyrk1 signal relay from further downstream targets. Consistent with a nuclear role in gene regulation, we also found that while a transcriptional activation domain fusion, CebpFlagWdr68, functionally substituted for endogenous Wdr68 for craniofacial development, that a transcriptional repression domain fusion, MadFlagWdr68, failed to support craniofacial development. Dyrk1b is required for myogenin (myog) expression in differentiating mouse C2C12 cells and here we report that wdr68 is also important for myog expression in differentiating C2C12 cells. Using a C2C12 cell myog promoter-reporter system, we found that Wdr68 overexpression increased reporter activity while moderate expression levels of MadFlagWdr68 interfered with reporter activity. Taken together, these findings support a nuclear role for Wdr68-containing complexes.
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Gao J, Zhao Y, Lv Y, Chen Y, Wei B, Tian J, Yang Z, Kong F, Pang J, Liu J, Shi H. Mirk/Dyrk1B mediates G0/G1 to S phase cell cycle progression and cell survival involving MAPK/ERK signaling in human cancer cells. Cancer Cell Int 2013; 13:2. [PMID: 23311607 PMCID: PMC3575355 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2867-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mirk/Dyrk1B contributes to G0 arrest by destabilization of cyclin D1 and stabilization of p27kip1 to maintain the viability of quiescent human cancer cells, and it could be negatively regulated by mitogenic-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling. This study was performed to investigate the effect of Mirk/Dyrk1B on cell cycle and survival of human cancer cells involving MAPK/ERK signaling. Methods The correlations between Mirk/Dyrk1B expression and active ERK1/2 detected by western blot in both ovarian cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells were analyzed by simple regression. Mirk/Dyrk1B unique phosphopeptides with sites associated with Mirk/Dyrk1B protein were isolated and quantitated by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomics analysis. The human cancer cells were treated with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) and/or U0126, an inhibitor of MEK for indicated duration, followed by investigating the alterations of cell cycle and apoptosis as well as related proteins examined by flow cytometry and Western blot, respectively. Results Our study demonstrated the widely expressed Mirk/Dyrk1B proteins in the human cancer cells were positively correlated with the levels of activated ERK1/2. Moreover, Mirk/Dyrk1B protein expressions consistent with the tyrosine autophosphorylated levels in the human cancer cells were increased by U0126 or growth factor-depleted culture. Conversely, knockdown of Mirk/Dyrk1B by siRNA led to up-regulated activation of c-Raf-MEK-ERK1/2 pathway and subsequent changes in cell cycle proteins (cyclin D1, p27kip1), accompanied by increased growth rate and cells from G0/G1 into S of cell cycle which could be blocked by U0126 in a dose-dependent manner, indicating Mirk/Dyrk1B may sequester MAPK/ERK pathway, and vice versa. Whereas, combined Mirk siRNA and U0126 induced cell apoptosis in the human cancer cells. Conclusions These data together show that Mirk/Dyrk1B mediates cell cycle and survival via interacting with MAPK/ERK signals and simultaneous inhibition of both pathways may be a novel therapeutic target for human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Yunyi Lv
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Yamin Chen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Bing Wei
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Jianxin Tian
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Zhihai Yang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Fandou Kong
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Jian Pang
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
| | - Jiwei Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116011, China
| | - Hong Shi
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Zhongshan Road 222, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, China
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Becker W. Emerging role of DYRK family protein kinases as regulators of protein stability in cell cycle control. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:3389-94. [PMID: 22918246 PMCID: PMC3466549 DOI: 10.4161/cc.21404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinases (DYRKs) constitute an evolutionarily conserved family of protein kinases with key roles in the control of cell proliferation and differentiation. Members of the DYRK family phosphorylate many substrates, including critical regulators of the cell cycle. A recent report revealed that human DYRK2 acts as a negative regulator of G1/S transition by phosphorylating c-Jun and c-Myc, thereby inducing ubiquitination-mediated degradation. Other DYRKs also function as cell cycle regulators by modulating the turnover of their target proteins. DYRK1B can induce reversible cell arrest in a quiescent G0 state by targeting cyclin D1 for proteasomal degradation and stabilizing p27 (Kip1). The DYRK2 ortholog of C. elegans, MBK-2, triggers the proteasomal destruction of oocyte proteins after meiosis to allow the mitotic divisions in embryo development. This review summarizes the accumulating results that provide evidence for a general role of DYRKs in the regulation of protein stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walter Becker
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical Faculty of the RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Duan Z, Zhang J, Choy E, Harmon D, Liu X, Nielsen P, Mankin H, Gray NS, Hornicek FJ. Systematic kinome shRNA screening identifies CDK11 (PITSLRE) kinase expression is critical for osteosarcoma cell growth and proliferation. Clin Cancer Res 2012; 18:4580-8. [PMID: 22791884 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-1157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of new targeted therapies is critical to improving the survival rate of patients with osteosarcoma. The goal of this study is to identify kinase based potential therapeutic target in osteosarcomas. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We used a lentiviral-based shRNA kinase library to screen for kinases which play a role in osteosarcoma cell survival. The cell proliferation assay was used to evaluate cell growth and survival. siRNA assays were applied to confirm the observed phenotypic changes resulting from the loss of kinase gene expression. CDK11 (PITSLRE) was identified as essential for the survival of osteosarcoma cells, and its expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Overall patient survival was correlated with the CDK11 expression and its prognosis. The role of CDK11 expression in sustaining osteosarcoma growth was further evaluated in an osteosarcoma xenograft model in vivo. RESULTS Osteosarcoma cells display high levels of CDK11 expression. CDK11 expression knocked down by either lentiviral shRNA or siRNA inhibit cell growth and induce apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that patients with osteosarcoma with high CDK11 tumor expression levels were associated with significantly shorter survival than patients with osteosarcoma with low level of tumor CDK11 expression. Systemic in vivo administration of in vivo ready siRNA of CDK11 reduced the tumor growth in an osteosarcoma subcutaneous xenograft model. CONCLUSIONS We show that CDK11 signaling is essential in osteosarcoma cell growth and survival, further elucidating the regulatory mechanisms controlling the expression of CDK11 and ultimately develop a CDK11 inhibitor that may provide therapeutic benefit against osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Duan
- Center for Sarcoma and Connective Tissue Oncology and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA.
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Masuda T, Itoh K, Higashitsuji H, Higashitsuji H, Nakazawa N, Sakurai T, Liu Y, Tokuchi H, Fujita T, Zhao Y, Nishiyama H, Tanaka T, Fukumoto M, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Fujita J. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Cirp) interacts with Dyrk1b/Mirk and promotes proliferation of immature male germ cells in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 109:10885-90. [PMID: 22711815 PMCID: PMC3390833 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121524109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (Cirp) was the first cold-shock protein identified in mammals. It is structurally quite different from bacterial cold-shock proteins and is induced in response to mild, but not severe, hypothermia. To clarify the physiological function of Cirp in vivo, we produced cirp-knockout mice. They showed neither gross abnormality nor defect in fertility, but the number of undifferentiated spermatogonia was significantly reduced and the recovery of spermatogenesis was delayed after treatment with a cytotoxic agent, busulfan. Cirp accelerated cell-cycle progression from G0 to G1 as well as from G1 to S phase in cultured mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Cirp directly bound to dual-specificity tyrosine-phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1B (Dyrk1b, also called Mirk) and inhibited its binding to p27, resulting in decreased phosphorylation and destabilization of p27. Cirp did not affect binding of Dyrk1b to cyclin D1 but inhibited phosphorylation of cyclin D1 by Dyrk1b, resulting in cyclin D1 stabilization. In the spermatogonial cell line GC-1spg, suppression of Cirp expression increased the protein level of p27, decreased that of cyclin D1, and decreased the growth rate, which depended on Dyrk1b. Consistent changes in the protein levels of p27 and cyclin D1 as well as the percentage of cells in G0 phase were observed in undifferentiated spermatogonia of cirp-knockout mice. In undifferentiated spermatogonia of wild-type mice, Cirp and Dyrk1b colocalized in the nucleus. Thus, our study demonstrates that Cirp functions to fine-tune the proliferation of undifferentiated spermatogonia by interacting with Dyrk1b.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoko Masuda
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Itoh
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Higashitsuji
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hisako Higashitsuji
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Noa Nakazawa
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Sakurai
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromu Tokuchi
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Takanori Fujita
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 3058575, Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Manabu Fukumoto
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Development, Aging, and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; and
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jun Fujita
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
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Yousef AF, Fonseca GJ, Cohen MJ, Mymryk JS. The C-terminal region of E1A: a molecular tool for cellular cartography. Biochem Cell Biol 2012; 90:153-63. [DOI: 10.1139/o11-080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The adenovirus E1A proteins function via protein–protein interactions. By making many connections with the cellular protein network, individual modules of this virally encoded hub reprogram numerous aspects of cell function and behavior. Although many of these interactions have been thoroughly studied, those mediated by the C-terminal region of E1A are less well understood. This review focuses on how this region of E1A affects cell cycle progression, apoptosis, senescence, transformation, and conversion of cells to an epithelial state through interactions with CTBP1/2, DYRK1A/B, FOXK1/2, and importin-α. Furthermore, novel potential pathways that the C-terminus of E1A influences through these connections with the cellular interaction network are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed F. Yousef
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Gregory J. Fonseca
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Michael J. Cohen
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
| | - Joe S. Mymryk
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and Oncology, The University of Western Ontario, London Regional Cancer Program, London, ON N6A 4L6, Canada
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Galluzzi L, Senovilla L, Vitale I, Michels J, Martins I, Kepp O, Castedo M, Kroemer G. Molecular mechanisms of cisplatin resistance. Oncogene 2011; 31:1869-83. [PMID: 21892204 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1869] [Impact Index Per Article: 143.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Platinum-based drugs, and in particular cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II) (best known as cisplatin), are employed for the treatment of a wide array of solid malignancies, including testicular, ovarian, head and neck, colorectal, bladder and lung cancers. Cisplatin exerts anticancer effects via multiple mechanisms, yet its most prominent (and best understood) mode of action involves the generation of DNA lesions followed by the activation of the DNA damage response and the induction of mitochondrial apoptosis. Despite a consistent rate of initial responses, cisplatin treatment often results in the development of chemoresistance, leading to therapeutic failure. An intense research has been conducted during the past 30 years and several mechanisms that account for the cisplatin-resistant phenotype of tumor cells have been described. Here, we provide a systematic discussion of these mechanism by classifying them in alterations (1) that involve steps preceding the binding of cisplatin to DNA (pre-target resistance), (2) that directly relate to DNA-cisplatin adducts (on-target resistance), (3) concerning the lethal signaling pathway(s) elicited by cisplatin-mediated DNA damage (post-target resistance) and (4) affecting molecular circuitries that do not present obvious links with cisplatin-elicited signals (off-target resistance). As in some clinical settings cisplatin constitutes the major therapeutic option, the development of chemosensitization strategies constitute a goal with important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Galluzzi
- INSERM, U848 Apoptosis, Cancer and Immunity, Villejuif, France
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