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Dong W, Liu X, Ma L, Yang Z, Ma C. Association between dietary selenium intake and severe abdominal aortic calcification in the United States: a cross-sectional study. Food Funct 2024; 15:1575-1582. [PMID: 38240140 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo02631k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is an important predictor of cardiovascular disease. The purpose of the current study was to detect the association between dietary selenium intake and severe AAC. We included 2651 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2013-2014). Dietary selenium intake was measured using the 24-hour recall method. AAC was quantified using the Kauppila score system based on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, with a score of >6 indicating severe AAC. The association between dietary selenium intake and severe AAC was analyzed by using a weighted multivariate logistic regression model, smooth curve fitting, and stratified subgroup analysis. After adjusting for multiple covariates, we found that higher dietary selenium intake was negatively associated with severe AAC incidence. When selenium intake was converted into tertiles, the highest tertile of dietary selenium intake was significantly associated with the incidence of severe AAC (odds ratio = 0.66). Smooth curve fitting revealed that this relationship was nonlinear. Subgroup analysis revealed that this negative association was present in participants with chronic kidney disease, but was absent when participants had hypertension or diabetes mellitus. Higher dietary selenium intake was negatively associated with severe AAC incidence in a nonlinear pattern, except in participants with diabetes mellitus or hypertension. However, further cohort studies are required to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Dong
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Imaging in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaobai Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lu Ma
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunyan Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Imaging in Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
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Li Y, He S, Wang C, Jian W, Shen X, Shi Y, Liu J. Fibroblast growth factor 21 inhibits vascular calcification by ameliorating oxidative stress of vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 650:39-46. [PMID: 36773338 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is very common in clinical. Severe vascular calcification is related to the occurrence of adverse events. Oxidative stress (OS) plays a pathophysiological role in the formation of vascular calcification. Previous studies have demonstrated that fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21) could inhibit vascular calcification both in vivo and in vitro. FGF21 has also been proved to promote the recovery of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and thereby alleviate OS. Thus, our assumption was that FGF21 inhibit vascular calcification partly by restoring the level of antioxidant SOD and reducing OS. In this study, we established the vascular calcification by 5/6 nephrectomy plus high phosphate diet chronic kidney disease (CKD) model. The results showed the receptor of FGF21, fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and βKlotho in the aorta increased in CKD group, and mainly located in the media of the artery. Ulteriorly, immunofluorescence (IF) and IHC staining showed that FGFR1 and βKlotho mainly existed in arterial vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). When FGF21 was knock out, the calcification was more severe in FGF21 KO + CKD mice, compared to wild type (WT)+ CKD mice. The transcriptional level of vascular calcification-related genes was significantly higher in FGF21 KO mice than control group. The dihydroethidium (DHE) staining reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the CKD group was higher compared to the control group, but lower in FGF21 KO + CKD group, and the transcriptional level of SOD1 and SOD2 in FGF21 KO + CKD group was significantly higher than that in CKD group. In conclusion, FGF21 could inhibit vascular calcification, partly by restoring the level of antioxidant SOD and reducing vascular oxidative stress. This study provides further evidence for FGF21 as a candidate drug for cardiovascular protective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingkai Li
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Songyuan He
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Cong Wang
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Wen Jian
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xueqian Shen
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Yuchen Shi
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Center for Coronary Artery Disease (CCAD), Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Concentration of Macroelements and Trace Elements in Farmed Fallow Deer Antlers Depending on Age. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233409. [PMID: 36496930 PMCID: PMC9737350 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineral content of the antlers reflects the nutritional status and specific stage of bone growth in cervid males. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na, Li, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se and Mo in three characteristic antler positions selected based on the observation of fights between males. These were compared between farmed fallow deer (Dama dama) of different ages. The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The highest mean concentrations of macroelements (except K) were recorded in the youngest animals aged 2 or 3 years in the proximal position of the antlers. With age and distance from the skull, Ca, P, Mg and Na contents decreased, while K increased. Higher mean concentrations of most trace elements (Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn) were recorded in 3-year-old animals in antler distal positions. With an increase in the age, body mass and antler mass of fallow deer, the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, K, Mn, Cu and Zn decreased (−0.414 ≤ R ≤ −0.737, p < 0.05) in the studied tissue, whereas Li increased (0.470 ≤ R ≤ 0.681, p < 0.05). The obtained results confirm that the antlers’ chemical composition changes with age, also changing the Ca:P ratio.
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Role of Collagen in Vascular Calcification. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2022; 80:769-778. [PMID: 35998017 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0000000000001359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Vascular calcification is a pathological process characterized by ectopic calcification of the vascular wall. Medial calcifications are most often associated with kidney disease, diabetes, hypertension, and advanced age. Intimal calcifications are associated with atherosclerosis. Collagen can regulate mineralization by binding to apatite minerals and promoting their deposition, binding to collagen receptors to initiate signal transduction, and inducing cell transdifferentiation. In the process of vascular calcification, type I collagen is not only the scaffold for mineral deposition but also a signal entity, guiding the distribution, aggregation, and nucleation of vesicles and promoting the transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells into osteochondral-like cells. In recent years, collagen has been shown to affect vascular calcification through collagen disc-domain receptors, matrix vesicles, and transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
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Repression of the antiporter SLC7A11/glutathione/glutathione peroxidase 4 axis drives ferroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells to facilitate vascular calcification. Kidney Int 2022; 102:1259-1275. [PMID: 36063875 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2022.07.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a common pathologic condition in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Cell death such as apoptosis plays a critical role in vascular calcification. Ferroptosis is a type of iron-catalyzed and regulated cell death resulting from excessive iron-dependent reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. However, it is unclear whether ferroptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) regulates vascular calcification in CKD. Our results showed that high calcium and phosphate concentrations induced ferroptosis in rat VSMCs in vitro. Inhibition of ferroptosis by ferrostatin-1 dose-dependently reduced mineral deposition in rat VSMCs under pro-osteogenic conditions, as indicated by alizarin red staining and quantification of calcium content. In addition, gene expression analysis revealed that ferrostatin-1 inhibited osteogenic differentiation of rat VSMCs. Similarly, ferrostatin-1 remarkably attenuated calcification of rat and human arterial rings ex vivo and aortic calcification in vitamin D3-overloaded mice in vivo. Moreover, inhibition of ferroptosis by either ferrostatin-1 or deferoxamine attenuated aortic calcification in rats with CKD. Mechanistically, high calcium and phosphate downregulated expression of SLC7A11 (a cystine-glutamate antiporter), and reduced glutathione (GSH) content in VSMCs. Additionally, GSH depletion induced by erastin (a small molecule initiating ferroptotic cell death) significantly promoted calcification of VSMCs under pro-osteogenic conditions, whereas GSH supplement by N-acetylcysteine reduced calcification of VSMCs. Consistently, knockdown of SLC7A11 by siRNA markedly promoted VSMC calcification. Furthermore, high calcium and phosphate downregulated glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression, and reduced glutathione peroxidase activity. Inhibition of GPX4 by RSL3 promoted VSMC calcification. Thus, repression of the SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis triggers ferroptosis of VSMCs to promote vascular calcification under CKD conditions, providing a novel targeting strategy for vascular calcification.
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Teng Y, He J, Zhong Q, Zhang Y, Lu Z, Guan T, Pan Y, Luo X, Feng W, Ou C. Grape exosome-like nanoparticles: A potential therapeutic strategy for vascular calcification. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1025768. [PMID: 36339605 PMCID: PMC9634175 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1025768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is prevalent in hypertension, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, and aging and has been identified as an important predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. With the complicated mechanisms involved in VC, there is no effective therapy. Thus, a strategy for attenuating the development of VC is of clinical importance. Recent studies suggest that grape exosome-like nanoparticles (GENs) are involved in cell-cell communication as a means of regulating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis, which are known to modulate VC development. In this review, we discuss the roles of GENs and their potential mechanisms in the development of VC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yintong Teng
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi He
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingping Zhong
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yangmei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenxing Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianwang Guan
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxuan Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodi Luo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, 920th Hospital of Joint Logistics Support Force of People’s Liberation Army of China, Kunming, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Caiwen Ou
- Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Dongguan Hospital of Southern Medical University, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Steiner-Bogdaszewska Ż, Tajchman K, Ukalska-Jaruga A, Florek M, Pecio M. The Mineral Composition of Bone Marrow, Plasma, Bones and the First Antlers of Farmed Fallow Deer. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12202764. [PMID: 36290150 PMCID: PMC9597732 DOI: 10.3390/ani12202764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An adequate supply of essential nutrients is particularly important during the skeletal growth and development of young deer, especially in males, who build new antlers each year. The aim of the research was to analyze the levels of 21 mineral elements (including the bulk elements: Ca, P, Mg, K, Na; trace elements: Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo; and toxic elements: Be, Al, As, Cd, Sb, Ba, Pb, Ni) in the bone marrow, plasma, bones, and first antlers of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). The mineral compositions of tissues were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Higher concentrations of Ca, P, Mg, Cr, Zn, Se, Al, Ba and Ni were found in bone marrow than in plasma. The highest concentrations of Ca, P and Ba were recorded in fallow deer bone, while the highest concentrations of Mg, K, Na, Li, Cr, Mn, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Be, Al, As, Sb, Pb and Ni were found in the antlers. Moreover, the research showed a significant negative relationship between Ca and Cd, and between Ca and Pb, and P and Pb (rS = −0.70, rS = −0.80, and rS = −0.66, respectively; p < 0.05) in the tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Żaneta Steiner-Bogdaszewska
- Institute of Parasitology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Research Station in Kosewo Górne, 11-700 Mrągowo, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Tajchman
- Department of Animal Ethology and Wildlife Management, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Aleksandra Ukalska-Jaruga
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
- Correspondence: (K.T.); (A.U.-J.)
| | - Mariusz Florek
- Department of Quality Assessment and Processing of Animal Products, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Pecio
- Department of Soil Science Erosion and Land Protection, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Puławy, Poland
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Comparison of the accumulation of macro- and microelements in the bone marrow and bone of wild and farmed red deer (Cervus elaphus). BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:324. [PMID: 34627246 PMCID: PMC8502351 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-03041-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cells of the entire body, including the skeletal system, especially of young animals, may derive from the bone marrow in which they multiply. Therefore, it is important to assess whether the diet and quality of life of deer have a significant impact on the elemental composition of bone and bone marrow, which can directly affect their health and growth. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of macro- (Ca, calcium, P, phosphorus, Mg, magnesium, K, potassium, Na, sodium) and microelements (Li, lithium, Cr, chromium, Mn, manganese, Co, cobalt, Cu, copper, Zn, zinc, Se, selenium, Mo, molybdenum, and Sn, tin) accumulated in the bone marrow and bones of deer (Cervus elaphus). The study was carried out on 15 young stags divided into two groups: farmed and wild animals. The concentrations of macro- and microelements were analysed using the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. This research expands our knowledge on this topic, which so far has not been extensively studied. Results The mean content of K, Na, Zn and Se in the bone marrow of farmed animals was significantly higher than in wild deer, whereas the mean content of Ca, P, Mg, K, Na and Li in the bones was higher in wild animals than in farmed individuals (p < 0.05). In addition, the mean concentration of Cr, Mn, Cu, Se and Mo in the bones of the analysed animals differed significantly (p < 0.05) and was higher in the farmed deer. The mean concentration of Se in the bone marrow of wild deer decreased with the increase of the body weight (p < 0.05). In turn, the mean content of Mn in the bone marrow and of Mo in the bones of the animals was significantly positively correlated with the animals’ body weight (p < 0.05). Conclusions The obtained results indicated different levels of micro- and macro-components in the body of farmed and wild deer, though without clear and strong variations. Generally, the higher level of macronutrients in the bones of wild deer may be related to the higher physiological importance of these minerals for life activities in the natural environment and to the limited supply of balanced food. On the other hand, the higher levels of microelements in the tissues of farmed animals may result from their significantly better nutritional status in the first year of life, achieved through appropriate nutrition as well as diet supplementation of adult females. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12917-021-03041-2.
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Hu CT, Shao YD, Liu YZ, Xiao X, Cheng ZB, Qu SL, Huang L, Zhang C. Oxidative stress in vascular calcification. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 519:101-110. [PMID: 33887264 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC), which is closely associated with significant mortality in cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease (CKD), and/or diabetes mellitus, is characterized by abnormal deposits of hydroxyapatite minerals in the arterial wall. The impact of oxidative stress (OS) on the onset and progression of VC has not been well described. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidases, xanthine oxidases, myeloperoxidase (MPO), nitric oxide synthases (NOSs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and paraoxonases (PONs) are relevant factors that influence the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, excess ROS-induced OS has emerged as a critical mediator promoting VC through several mechanisms, including phosphate balance, differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), inflammation, DNA damage, and extracellular matrix remodeling. Because OS is a significant regulator of VC, antioxidants may be considered as novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Ting Hu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Medical Laboratory, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Duo Shao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Zhang Liu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Xiao
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Clinical Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhe-Bin Cheng
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China; Departments of Stomatology, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Shun-Lin Qu
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Huang
- Research Lab for Clinical & Translational Medicine, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chi Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Key Lab for Arteriosclerology of Hunan Province, Hengyang Medical College, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, People's Republic of China.
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Lin C, Zhang LJ, Li B, Zhang F, Shen QR, Kong GQ, Wang XF, Cui SH, Dai R, Cao WQ, Zhang P. Selenium-Containing Protein From Selenium-Enriched Spirulina platensis Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Calcification of MOVAS Cells by Inhibiting ROS-Mediated DNA Damage and Regulating MAPK and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Front Physiol 2020; 11:791. [PMID: 32733280 PMCID: PMC7363841 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia is the main feature of diabetes and may increase the risk of vascular calcification (VC), which is an independent predictor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (CCD). Selenium (Se) may decrease the risk of CCD, and previous studies confirmed that Se-containing protein from Se-enriched Spirulina platensis (Se-SP) exhibited novel antioxidant potential. However, the effect of Se-SP against VC has been not investigated. Herein, the protective effect and underlying mechanism of Se-SP against high glucose-induced calcification in mouse aortic vascular smooth muscle cells (MOVAS) were explored. Inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) results showed time-dependent uptake of Se-SP in MOVAS cells, which significantly inhibited high glucose-induced abnormal proliferation. Se-SP co-treatment also effectively attenuated high glucose-induced calcification of MOVAS cells, followed by decreased activity and expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Further investigation revealed that Se-SP markedly prevented reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated DNA damage in glucose-treated MOVAS cells. ROS inhibition by glutathione (GSH) effectively inhibited high glucose-induced calcification, indicating that Se-SP could act as ROS inhibitor to inhibit high glucose-induced DNA damage and calcification. Moreover, Se-SP dramatically attenuated high glucose-induced dysfunction of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/AKT (PI3K/AKT) pathways. Se-SP after Se addition achieved enhanced potential in inhibiting high glucose-induced calcification, which validated that Se-SP as a new Se species could be a highly effective treatment for human CCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Lin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Li-Jun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, People's Hospital of Linyi Affiliated to Qingdao University, Linyi, China
| | - Bo Li
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Physical Examination Center, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Qing-Rong Shen
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Guo-Qing Kong
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Xiao-Fan Wang
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Shou-Hong Cui
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Rong Dai
- Department of Emergency, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Cao
- Department of Biotechnology, Zhuhai Hopegenes Medical and Phamaceutical Institute, Zhuhai, China
| | - Pu Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Taian City Central Hospital, Taian, China
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Kim JB, Yang EY, Woo J, Kwon H, Lim W, Moon BI. Sodium Selenite Enhanced the Anti-proliferative Effect of MEK-ERK Inhibitor in Thyroid Cancer Cells. In Vivo 2020; 34:185-190. [PMID: 31882478 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.11760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM MEK-ERK pathway plays major roles in the progression of thyroid cancer, while the use of MEK-ERK inhibitors has been limited by its toxicity. We investigated the effect of sodium selenite as an adjunct for MEK-ERK inhibitors to avoid the toxicity of ERK inhibitors. MATERIALS AND METHODS TPC1, 8505C and HTori-3 cells were treated with U0126 (MEK-ERK inhibitor) and cell viability was counted in the Neubauer chamber. The synergistic effects of sodium selenite and U0126 were also measured. The expression of ERK, p-ERK, and p90RSK was determined by western blot. RESULTS Treatment with U0126 inhibited proliferation of TPC1 and 8505C cells in a dose-dependent manner. When 5 μM sodium selenite was added to 1 μM U0126, relative cell survival further decreased. Decreased expression of p90RSK indicated that sodium selenite down-regulated ERK signaling in thyroid cancer cells. CONCLUSION The combination of U0126 and sodium selenite inhibited proliferation of thyroid cancer cells through ERK inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Bin Kim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Yeol Yang
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohyun Woo
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosung Lim
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-In Moon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University School of Medicine, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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12
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Chao CT, Yeh HY, Tsai YT, Chuang PH, Yuan TH, Huang JW, Chen HW. Natural and non-natural antioxidative compounds: potential candidates for treatment of vascular calcification. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:145. [PMID: 31754473 PMCID: PMC6853969 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0225-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is highly prevalent in patients with advanced age, or those with chronic kidney disease and diabetes, accounting for substantial global cardiovascular burden. The pathophysiology of VC involves active mineral deposition by transdifferentiated vascular smooth muscle cells exhibiting osteoblast-like behavior, building upon cores with or without apoptotic bodies. Oxidative stress drives the progression of the cellular phenotypic switch and calcium deposition in the vascular wall. In this review, we discuss potential compounds that shield these cells from the detrimental influences of reactive oxygen species as promising treatment options for VC. A comprehensive summary of the current literature regarding antioxidants for VC is important, as no effective therapy is currently available for this disease. We systematically searched through the existing literature to identify original articles investigating traditional antioxidants and novel compounds with antioxidant properties with regard to their effectiveness against VC in experimental or clinical settings. We uncovered 36 compounds with antioxidant properties against VC pathology, involving mechanisms such as suppression of NADPH oxidase, BMP-2, and Wnt/β-catenin; anti-inflammation; and activation of Nrf2 pathways. Only two compounds have been tested clinically. These findings suggest that a considerable opportunity exists to harness these antioxidants for therapeutic use for VC. In order to achieve this goal, more translational studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ter Chao
- Department of Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital BeiHu Branch, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Yuan Yeh
- School of Big Data Management, Soochow University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Tien Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Huan Chuang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hang Yuan
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jenq-Wen Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Huei-Wen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Dayanand P, Sandhyavenu H, Dayanand S, Martinez J, Rangaswami J. Role of Bisphosphonates in Vascular calcification and Bone Metabolism: A Clinical Summary. Curr Cardiol Rev 2018; 14:192-199. [PMID: 29921207 PMCID: PMC6131409 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x14666180619103258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vascular
calcification is known to be a strong risk factor for cardiovascularadverse events and mortality. Atherosclerosis, diabetes, aging,
abnormal bone mineral homeostasisand high uremic milieu such as chronic kidney disease are major
factors that contribute to theprogression of vascular calcification. Several mechanisms such
as the osteoblastic transition of vascularsmooth muscle cells in response to oxidative stress have shed
light on the active nature ofvascular calcification, which was once thought to be a passive
process. The fine interplay of regulatoryfactors such as PTH, vitamin D3, FGF 23 and klotho reflect the
delicate balance between vascularcalcification and bone mineralization. Any disturbance affecting
this equilibrium of the bonemineral-vascular axis results in accelerated vascular calcification. Bisphosphonates share similar mechanism of action as statins,
and hence several studies were undertakenin humans to verify if the benefits proven to be obtained in
animal models extended tohuman models too. This yielded conflicting outcomes which are
outlined in this review. This wasattributed mainly to inadequate sample size and flaws in the
study design. Therefore, this benefitcan only be ascertained if studies addressing this are
undertaken. Conclusion: This review seeks to
highlight the pathophysiologic phenomena implicated in vascular and valvular calcification and summarize the literature
available regarding the use of bisphosphonates in animal and human models. We also discuss novel treatment
approaches for vascular calcification,with emphasis on chronic kidney disease and calciphylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Dayanand
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Miami/JFK Medical Center, Atlantis, FL, United States
| | | | - Sandeep Dayanand
- Department of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jasmin Martinez
- Department of Cardiology, Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Janani Rangaswami
- Department of Nephrology, Einstein Medical Center, Sidney Kimmel College of Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Selenoprotein S inhibits inflammation-induced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification. J Biol Inorg Chem 2018; 23:739-751. [PMID: 29721770 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-018-1563-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Vascular calcification is a prominent feature of many diseases including atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD), leading to high morbidity and mortality rates. A significant association of selenoprotein S (SelS) gene polymorphism with atherosclerotic CVD has been reported in epidemiologic studies, but the underlying mechanism is far from clear. To investigate the role of SelS in inflammation-induced vascular calcification, osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α were compared between the cells with and without SelS knockdown. LPS or TNF-α induced osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs, as showed by the increases of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) protein levels, Runx2 and type I collagen mRNA levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium deposition content. These changes were aggravated when SelS was knocked down by small interfering RNA. Moreover, LPS activated both classical and alternative pathways of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling in calcifying VSMCs, which were further enhanced under SelS knockdown condition. SelS knockdown also exacerbated LPS-induced increases of proinflammatory cytokines TNF-α and interleukin-6 expression, as well as increases of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers glucose-regulated protein 78 and inositol-requiring enzyme 1α expression in calcifying VSMCs. In conclusion, the present study suggested that SelS might inhibit inflammation-induced VSMC calcification probably by suppressing activation of NF-κB signaling pathways and ER stress. Our findings provide new understanding of the role of SelS in vascular calcification, which will be potentially beneficial to the prevention of atherosclerotic CVD.
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15
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Liao L, Zhuang X, Li W, Su Q, Zhao J, Liu Y. Polysaccharide from Fuzi protects against Ox‑LDL‑induced calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells by increasing autophagic activity. Mol Med Rep 2018; 17:5109-5115. [PMID: 29393437 PMCID: PMC5865975 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.8488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Polysaccharide from Fuzi (FPS) is a water‑soluble polysaccharide isolated from the traditional Chinese herbal medicine Fuzi. It has been demonstrated to protect hepatocytes against ischemia‑reperfusion injury through its potent antioxidant effects, and to attenuate starvation‑induced cytotoxicity in H9c2 cells by increasing autophagic activity. In the present study, Alizarin Red S staining was used to detect mineral deposition and reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the core binding factor α1 and smooth muscle 22α mRNA expression. To analyze autophagic activity, western blotting was used to detect microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B light chain 3 and nucleoporin P62 expression. In addition, green fluorescent protein‑LC3 dots‑per‑cell was observed by fluorescence microscopy. It was demonstrated that oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (Ox‑LDL) could increase the calcification of human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in a concentration‑dependent manner, and that FPS treatment had a significant protective effect against Ox‑LDL‑induced calcification of human VSMCs. Furthermore, FPS treatment alleviated the Ox‑LDL‑induced downregulation of autophagic activity, and the protective effect of FPS on Ox‑LDL‑induced calcification was attenuated by the autophagy inhibitor 3‑methyladenine. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated for the first time to the best of the authors' knowledge that FPS can protect against Ox‑LDL‑induced vascular calcification in human VSMCs, and that this likely occurs via the activation of autophagy. This supports the hypothesis that autophagy may be an endogenous protective mechanism counteracting vascular calcification, and that FPS may be used as a potential therapeutic for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Liao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Zhuang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Weidong Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Qibiao Su
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, P.R. China
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16
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Liu H, Xu H, Huang K. Selenium in the prevention of atherosclerosis and its underlying mechanisms. Metallomics 2017; 9:21-37. [PMID: 28009916 DOI: 10.1039/c6mt00195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the greatest threats to human health worldwide. Selenium, an essential trace element, is incorporated into selenoproteins that play a crucial role in human health and disease. Although findings from a limited number of randomized trials have been inconsistent and cannot support a protective role of Se supplementation in CVDs, prospective observational studies have generally shown a significant inverse association between selenium or selenoprotein status and CVD risk. Furthermore, a benefit of selenium supplementation in the prevention of CVDs has been seen in population with low baseline selenium status. Evidence from animal studies shows consistent results that selenium and selenoproteins might prevent experimental atherosclerosis, which can be explained by the molecular and cellular effects of selenium observed both in animal models and cell cultures. Selenoproteins of particular relevance to atherosclerosis are glutathione peroxidases, thioredoxin reductase 1, selenoprotein P, selenoprotein S. The present review is focusing on the existing evidence that supports the concept that optimal selenium intake can prevent atherosclerosis. Its underlying mechanisms include inhibiting oxidative stress, modulating inflammation, suppressing endothelial dysfunction, and protecting vascular cells against apoptosis and calcification. However, the benefit of selenium supplementation in the prevention of atherosclerosis remains insufficiently documented so far. Future studies with regard to the effects of selenium supplementation on atherosclerosis should consider many factors, especially the baseline selenium status, the dose and forms of selenium supplementation, and the selenoprotein genotype. Additionally, much more studies are needed to confirm the roles of selenoproteins in atherosclerosis prevention and clarify the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibi Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixun Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China. and Hubei Key Laboratory of Bioinorganic Chemistry & Materia Medica, Wuhan 430074, People's Republic of China
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17
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Zhang P, Li Y, Du Y, Li G, Wang L, Zhou F. Resveratrol Ameliorated Vascular Calcification by Regulating Sirt-1 and Nrf2. Transplant Proc 2017; 48:3378-3386. [PMID: 27931585 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Pathologic vascular calcification is a significant reason for mortality and morbidity in patients who suffer from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Resveratrol, a scavenger for many free radicals, is a crucial compound for biomedicine. However, the role and mechanism of resveratrol in vascular calcification is still unknown. In this study, to mimic vascular calcification in ESRD, we used β-glyceophosphate to stimulate the rat vascular smooth muscle cells (RASMCs). We investigate the therapeutic role of resveratrol pretreatment in vascular calcification. In the current in vitro study, we observe the effects of resveratrol on improving intracellular calcium deposition and protecting against mitochondria dysfunction in calcific RASMCs. Resveratrol decreased the mRNA level of fibroblast growth factor-23, then increased the mRNA level of klotho and the nuclear transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2]) in RASMCs after calcification. Further, resveratrol activated the expression of sirtuin-1 and Nrf2, and inhibited the expression of osteopontin, runt-related transcription factor 2, and heme oxygenase-1. Our study shows that resveratrol could ameliorate oxidative injury of RASMCs by preventing vascular calcification-induced calcium deposition and mitochondria dysfunction through involving sirtuin-1 and Nrf2. These results might indicate a novel role for resveratrol in resistance to oxidative stress for ESRD patients suffering from vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zhang
- Chongqing Medical University, The First College of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medicine of Grade 2012, Chongqing, China; Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Li
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Y Du
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - G Li
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - L Wang
- Department of Nephrology, University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Science & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, China.
| | - F Zhou
- Chongqing Medical University, The First College of Clinical Medicine, Clinical Medicine of Grade 2012, Chongqing, China; Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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18
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Shi L, Song R, Yao X, Ren Y. Effects of selenium on the proliferation, apoptosis and testosterone production of sheep Leydig cells in vitro. Theriogenology 2017; 93:24-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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19
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Steinbrenner H, Bilgic E, Pinto A, Engels M, Wollschläger L, Döhrn L, Kellermann K, Boeken U, Akhyari P, Lichtenberg A. Selenium Pretreatment for Mitigation of Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiovascular Surgery: Influence on Acute Organ Damage and Inflammatory Response. Inflammation 2017; 39:1363-76. [PMID: 27192987 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-016-0368-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) contributes to morbidity and mortality after cardiovascular surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Multi-organ damage is associated with substantial decreases of blood selenium (Se) levels in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB. We compared the influence of a dietary surplus of Se and pretreatment with ebselen, a mimic of the selenoenzyme glutathione peroxidase, on IRI-induced tissue damage and inflammation. Male Wistar rats were fed either a Se-adequate diet containing 0.3 ppm Se or supplemented with 1 ppm Se (as sodium selenite) for 5 weeks. Two other groups of Se-adequate rats received intraperitoneal injection of ebselen (30 mg/kg) or DMSO (solvent control) before surgery. The animals were connected to a heart-lung-machine and underwent 45 min of global ischemia during circulatory arrest at 16 °C, followed by re-warming and reperfusion. Selenite and ebselen suppressed IRI-induced leukocytosis and the increase in plasma levels of tissue damage markers (AST, ALT, LDH, troponin) during surgery but did not prevent the induction of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α). Both Se compounds affected phosphorylation and expression of proteins related to stress response and inflammation: Ebselen increased phosphorylation of STAT3 transcription factor in the heart and decreased phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAP kinases in the lungs. Selenite decreased ERK1/2 phosphorylation and HSP-70 expression in the heart. Pretreatment with selenite or ebselen protected against acute IRI-induced tissue damage during CPB and DHCA. Potential implications of their different actions with regard to molecular stress markers on the recovery after surgery represent promising targets for further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger Steinbrenner
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Esra Bilgic
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Antonio Pinto
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Melanie Engels
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Lena Wollschläger
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Heinrich-Heine-University, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Laura Döhrn
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kristine Kellermann
- Clinic for Anaesthesiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Udo Boeken
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Payam Akhyari
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Artur Lichtenberg
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, University Hospital, Düsseldorf, Moorenstrasse 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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20
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Manivannan J, Prashanth M, Saravana Kumar V, Shairam M, Subburaj J. Systems biological understanding of the regulatory network and the possible therapeutic strategies for vascular calcification. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:3683-3694. [PMID: 27752677 DOI: 10.1039/c6mb00557h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Since there is no precise therapy for treating vascular calcification by directly targeting the vascular wall, we aim to unveil novel drug targets through mining the molecular effect of a high phosphate environment on vascular cells through computational methods. Here, we hypothesize that manipulation of the vascular pathogenic network by small molecule therapeutics predicted from prior knowledge might offer great promise. With this, we intend to understand the publicly available transcriptomic data of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells exposed to the high phosphate induced vascular calcification milieu and to re-examine the above published experiments for reasons different from those examined in the previous studies through multilevel systems biological understanding. Hence, in this study the differentially expressed genes were subjected to both upstream and downstream network analysis through multiple standalone software and web servers. To provide an insight into causal signaling, we simultaneously predicted upstream regulatory layers through transcription factor and kinome enrichment analysis. Moreover the possible systems pharmacological choices were presented in three ways as (1) drug induced expression modulation, (2) drugs that interact with upstream and downstream regulatory targets, (3) possible natural product therapeutics from target-compound relationship. Furthermore for validating the current study we have specifically evaluated the preventive effect of two predicted natural compounds in a bovine aortic calcification model. The overall observation predicts a few novel mechanisms that might be involved in vascular dysfunction and calcification in both cell types. Also, the systems pharmacological investigation provides clues for the possible therapeutic options along with validation. In conclusion, the current study indicates that reanalysis of transcriptomic data propels us to reposition the approved drugs and use natural compounds as novel therapeutic agents for vascular calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeganathan Manivannan
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Manjunath Prashanth
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | - Manickaraj Shairam
- AU-KBC Research Centre, MIT Campus-Anna University, Chrompet, Chennai-600044, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Zhang W, Li Y, Ding H, Du Y, Wang L. Hydrogen peroxide prevents vascular calcification induced ROS production by regulating Nrf-2 pathway. Ren Fail 2016; 38:1099-106. [PMID: 27300444 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2016.1194143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although vascular calcification in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) represents a ubiquitous human health problem, effective therapies with limited side effects are still lacking, and the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. The Nrf-2/ARE pathway is a pivotal to regulate anti-oxidative responses in vascular calcification upon ESRD. Although Nrf-2 plays a crucial role in atherosclerosis, pulmonary fibrosis, and brain ischemia, the effect of Nrf-2 and oxidative stress on vascular calcification in ESRD patients is still unclear. The aim of this research was to study the protective role of hydrogen peroxide in vascular calcification and the mechanism of Nrf-2 and oxidative stress on vascular calcification. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we used the rat vascular smooth muscle cell model of β-glycerophosphate-induced calcification resembling vascular calcification in ESRD to investigate the therapeutic effect of 0.01 mM hydrogen peroxide on vascular calcification and further explores the possible underlying mechanisms. RESULTS Our current report shows the in vitro role of 0.01 mM hydrogen peroxide in protecting against intracellular ROS accumulation upon vascular calcification. Both hydrogen peroxide and sulforaphane pretreatment reduced ROS production, increased the expression of Nrf-2, and decreased the expression of Runx2 following calcification. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that 0.01 mM hydrogen peroxide can effectively protect rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells against oxidative stress by preventing vascular calcification induced ROS production through Nrf-2 pathway. These data might define an antioxidant role of hydrogen peroxide in vascular calcification upon ESRD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wensong Zhang
- a Department of Nephrology , University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China
| | - Yi Li
- a Department of Nephrology , University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China
| | - Hanlu Ding
- a Department of Nephrology , University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China
| | - Yaqin Du
- a Department of Nephrology , University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China
| | - Li Wang
- a Department of Nephrology , University of Electronic Science and Technology, Sichuan Academy of Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital , Chengdu , China
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Reduced Cardiovascular Mortality 10 Years after Supplementation with Selenium and Coenzyme Q10 for Four Years: Follow-Up Results of a Prospective Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial in Elderly Citizens. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141641. [PMID: 26624886 PMCID: PMC4666408 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Selenium and coenzyme Q10 are important antioxidants in the body. As the intake of selenium is low in Europe, and the endogenous production of coenzyme Q10 decreases as age increases, an intervention trial using selenium and coenzyme Q10 for four years was performed. As previously reported, the intervention was accompanied by reduced cardiovascular mortality. The objective of the present study was to analyze cardiovascular mortality for up to 10 years after intervention, to evaluate if mortality differed in subgroups differentiated by gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and functional class. Methods Four-hundred forty-three healthy elderly individuals were included from a rural municipality in Sweden. All cardiovascular mortality was registered, and no participant was lost to the follow-up. Based on death certificates and autopsy results mortality was registered. Findings Significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality could be seen in those on selenium and coenzyme Q10 intervention. A multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated a reduced cardiovascular mortality risk in the active treatment group (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.36–0.74; P = 0.0003). The reduced mortality could be seen to persist during the 10-year period. Subgroup analysis showed positive effects in both genders. An equally positive risk reduction could be seen in those with ischemic heart disease (HR: 0.51; 95%CI 0.27–0.97; P = 0.04), but also in the different functional classes. Conclusions In a 10-year follow-up of a group of healthy elderly participants given four years of intervention with selenium and coenzyme Q10, significantly reduced cardiovascular mortality was observed. The protective action was not confined to the intervention period, but persisted during the follow-up period. The mechanism explaining the persistency remains to be elucidated. Since this was a small study, the observations should be regarded as hypothesis-generating.
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McCarty MF, DiNicolantonio JJ. The Molecular Biology and Pathophysiology of Vascular Calcification. Postgrad Med 2015; 126:54-64. [DOI: 10.3810/pgm.2014.03.2740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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24
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Zhan JK, Tan P, Wang YJ, Wang Y, He JY, Tang ZY, Huang W, Liu YS. Exenatide can inhibit calcification of human VSMCs through the NF-kappaB/RANKL signaling pathway. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2014; 13:153. [PMID: 25407893 PMCID: PMC4241215 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-014-0153-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial calcification is an important pathological change of diabetic vascular complication. Osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) plays an important cytopathologic role in arterial calcification. The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA), a novel type of antidiabetic drugs, exert cardioprotective effects through the GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R). However, the question of whether or not GLP-1RA regulates osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of VSMCs has not been answered, and the associated molecular mechanisms have not been examined. Methods Calcifying VSMCs (CVSMCs) were isolated from cultured human arterial smooth muscle cells through limiting dilution and cloning. The extent of matrix mineralization was measured by Alizarin Red S staining. Protein expression and phosphorylation were detected by Western blot. Gene expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) was silenced by small interference RNA (siRNA). Results Exenatide, an agonist of GLP-1 receptor, attenuated β-glycerol phosphate (β-GP) induced osteoblastic differentiation and calcification of human CVSMCs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. RANKL siRNA also inhibited osteoblastic differentiation and calcification. Exenatide decreased the expression of RANKL in a dose-dependent manner. 1,25 vitD3 (an activator of RANKL) upregulated, whereas BAY11-7082 (an inhibitor of NF-κB) downregulated RANKL, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OC), and core binding factor α1 (Runx2) protein levels and reduced mineralization in human CVSMCs. Exenatide decreased p-NF-κB and increased p-AMPKα levels in human CVSMCs 48 h after treatment. Significant decrease in p-NF-κB (p-Ser276, p-Ser536) level was observed in cells treated with exenatide or exenatide + BAY11-7082. Conclusion GLP-1RA exenatide can inhibit human VSMCs calcification through NF-κB/RANKL signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Kun Zhan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Pan Tan
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Yan-Jiao Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Jie-Yu He
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Zhi-Yong Tang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - Wu Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
| | - You-Shuo Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Institute of Aging and Geriatrics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 139 Middle Renmin Road, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, P.R. China.
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Zhang Z, Zhang J, Xiao J. Selenoproteins and selenium status in bone physiology and pathology. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1840:3246-3256. [PMID: 25116856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence supports the view that selenoproteins are essential for maintaining bone health. SCOPE OF REVIEW The current state of knowledge concerning selenoproteins and Se status in bone physiology and pathology is summarized. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Antioxidant selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), as a whole, play a pivotal role in maintaining bone homeostasis and protecting against bone loss. GPx1, a major antioxidant enzyme in osteoclasts, is up-regulated by estrogen, an endogenous inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis. TrxR1 is an immediate early gene in response to 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, an osteoblastic differentiation agent. The combination of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and Se generates a synergistic elevation of TrxR activity in Se-deficient osteoblasts. Of particular concern, pleiotropic TrxR1 is implicated in promoting NFκB activation. Coincidentally, TrxR inhibitors such as curcumin and gold compounds exhibit potent osteoclastogenesis inhibitory activity. Studies in patients with the mutations of selenocysteine insertion sequence-binding protein 2, a key trans-acting factor for the co-translational insertion of selenocysteine into selenoproteins have clearly established a causal link of selenoproteins in bone development. Se transport to bone relies on selenoprotein P. Plasma selenoprotein P concentrations have been found to be positively correlated with bone mineral density in elderly women. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE A full understanding of the role and function of selenoproteins and Se status on bone physiology and pathology may lead to effectively prevent against or modify bone diseases by using Se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichao Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- School of Tea Food Science, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, Anhui, PR China.
| | - Jianru Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, PR China.
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26
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Homocysteine-Induced Caspase-3 Activation by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Endothelial Progenitor Cells from Patients with Coronary Heart Disease and Healthy Donors. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 75:1300-5. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.110074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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27
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Modulatory effect of selenium on cell-cycle regulatory genes in the prostate adenocarcinoma cell line. J Appl Biomed 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jab.2013.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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28
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Selenium suppresses oxidative-stress-enhanced vascular smooth muscle cell calcification by inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Biol Inorg Chem 2014; 19:375-88. [DOI: 10.1007/s00775-013-1078-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Chen PC, Guo CH, Tseng CJ, Wang KC, Liu PJ. Blood trace minerals concentrations and oxidative stress in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. J Nutr Health Aging 2013; 17:639-44. [PMID: 24097016 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-013-0023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with increased oxidative stress. Certain essential trace minerals have shown to play an important role in the maintenance of redox homeostasis. We determined the concentrations of trace minerals in OSA patients and assessed their relationships to OSA severity as indicated by the apnea/ hypopnea index (AHI). METHODS We enrolled 44 patients with newly diagnosed mild to moderate OSA and 20 without OSA. The following parameters were measured: polysomnographic values of nocturnal sleep; plasma trace minerals zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and erythrocyte selenium (Se); oxidative stress status; and plasma high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). RESULTS Compared to controls matched for age, gender, and body mass index, OSA patients had lower concentrations of plasma Zn and erythrocyte Se and higher plasma concentrations of Cu and Fe. OSA patients had significantly higher plasma concentrations of hs-CRP, TNF-α, and malondialdehyde (MDA), and lower erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase activities. Significant differences in all the above parameters were also found in patients with moderate OSA compared to those with mild OSA. Furthermore, AHI values correlated significantly with neck circumference, GPx activity, and MDA, hs-CRP, and TNF-α concentrations in OSA patients. AHI values were also negatively associated with concentrations of plasma Zn and erythrocyte Se, but were positively linked to plasma concentrations of Fe and Cu. CONCLUSIONS Abnormal concentrations of these trace minerals may reflect oxidative damage and inflammatory response, thus increasing the severity of OSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Chen
- Po-Jen Liu, Department of Otolaryngology and Nutrition and Naturopathic center, Cheng-Ching Hospital, Taiwan Boulevard, Taichung 407, Taiwan, Republic of China. , Tel:886-4-2463-2000 ext. 53664, Fax:886-4-2463-5961
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30
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Jia G, Stormont RM, Gangahar DM, Agrawal DK. Role of matrix Gla protein in angiotensin II-induced exacerbation of vascular calcification. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2012; 303:H523-32. [PMID: 22796540 PMCID: PMC3468471 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00826.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Vascular calcification predicts an increased risk for cardiovascular events in atherosclerosis, diabetes, and end-stage kidney diseases. Matrix Gla protein (MGP), an inhibitor of calcification, limits calcium phosphate deposition in the vessel wall. There are many factors contributing to the progression of atherosclerosis, including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, the renin-angiotensin system, and inflammation. Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays a crucial role in the atherogenic process through not only its pressor responses but also its growth-promoting and inflammatory effects. In this study, we investigated the role of MGP in ANG II-induced exacerbation of vascular calcification in human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). The expression of MGP, calcification, and apoptosis in human VSMCs were examined by Western blot analysis, real-time PCR, in situ terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Increase in VSMC calcification in human atherosclerotic plaques upregulates MGP expression and apoptosis in a negative feedback manner. ANG II inhibited MGP expression in VSMCs via and in vitro in a dose- and time-dependent manner through ANG II type 1 receptor and NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, MGP inhibited the calcification, caspase-3 activity, activation of runt-related transcription factor 2, and release of inflammatory cytokines by VSMCs induced by calcification medium (2.5 mM P(i)) and ANG II in vitro. These observations provide evidence that ANG II exacerbates vascular calcification through activation of the transcription factors, runt-related transcription factor 2 and NF-κB, and regulation of MGP, inflammatory cytokines expression in human VSMCs.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Angiotensin II/metabolism
- Apoptosis
- Blotting, Western
- Calcium Phosphates/metabolism
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Calcium-Binding Proteins/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/metabolism
- Carotid Arteries/pathology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/genetics
- Carotid Artery Diseases/immunology
- Carotid Artery Diseases/metabolism
- Carotid Artery Diseases/pathology
- Caspase 3/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Core Binding Factor Alpha 1 Subunit/metabolism
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/genetics
- Extracellular Matrix Proteins/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- In Situ Nick-End Labeling
- Inflammation Mediators/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/immunology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/immunology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Time Factors
- Transfection
- Vascular Calcification/genetics
- Vascular Calcification/immunology
- Vascular Calcification/metabolism
- Vascular Calcification/pathology
- Matrix Gla Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanghong Jia
- Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
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31
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Liang QH, Jiang Y, Zhu X, Cui RR, Liu GY, Liu Y, Wu SS, Liao XB, Xie H, Zhou HD, Wu XP, Yuan LQ, Liao EY. Ghrelin attenuates the osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells through the ERK pathway. PLoS One 2012; 7:e33126. [PMID: 22514603 PMCID: PMC3326017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0033126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification results from osteoblastic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular events. Ghrelin is a newly discovered bioactive peptide that acts as a natural endogenous ligand of the growth hormone secretagog receptor (GHSR). Several studies have identified the protective effects of ghrelin on the cardiovascular system, however research on the effects and mechanisms of ghrelin on vascular calcification is still quite rare. In this study, we determined the effect of ghrelin on osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs and investigated the mechanism involved using the two universally accepted calcifying models of calcifying vascular smooth muscle cells (CVSMCs) and beta-glycerophosphate (beta-GP)-induced VSMCs. Our data demonstrated that ghrelin inhibits osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization of VSMCs due to decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, Runx2 expression, bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) expression and calcium content. Further study demonstrated that ghrelin exerted this suppression effect via an extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)-dependent pathway and that the suppression effect of ghrelin was time dependent and dose dependent. Furthermore, inhibition of the growth hormone secretagog receptor (GHSR), the ghrelin receptor, by siRNA significantly reversed the activation of ERK by ghrelin. In conclusion, our study suggests that ghrelin may inhibit osteoblastic differentiation of VSMCs through the GHSR/ERK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiu-Hua Liang
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Department of Pathology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong-Rong Cui
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pediatrics, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Guan-Ying Liu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Shan-Shan Wu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Bo Liao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xie
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Hou-De Zhou
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Xian-Ping Wu
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qing Yuan
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LQY); (EYL)
| | - Er-Yuan Liao
- Institute of Metabolism and Endocrinology, the Second Xiang-Ya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail: (LQY); (EYL)
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