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Su Y, Lucas R, Fulton DJ, Verin AD. Mechanisms of pulmonary endothelial barrier dysfunction in acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome. CHINESE MEDICAL JOURNAL PULMONARY AND CRITICAL CARE MEDICINE 2024; 2:80-87. [PMID: 39006829 PMCID: PMC11242916 DOI: 10.1016/j.pccm.2024.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Endothelial cells (ECs) form a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and the underlying tissues. Pulmonary endothelial barrier integrity is maintained through coordinated cellular processes involving receptors, signaling molecules, junctional complexes, and protein-regulated cytoskeletal reorganization. In acute lung injury (ALI) or its more severe form acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), the loss of endothelial barrier integrity secondary to endothelial dysfunction caused by severe pulmonary inflammation and/or infection leads to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia. Pro-inflammatory agonists such as histamine, thrombin, bradykinin, interleukin 1β, tumor necrosis factor α, vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-2, and platelet-activating factor, as well as bacterial toxins and reactive oxygen species, cause dynamic changes in cytoskeletal structure, adherens junction disorganization, and detachment of vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) from the actin cytoskeleton, leading to an increase in endothelial permeability. Endothelial interactions with leukocytes, platelets, and coagulation enhance the inflammatory response. Moreover, inflammatory infiltration and the associated generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines during infection cause EC death, resulting in further compromise of the structural integrity of lung endothelial barrier. Despite the use of potent antibiotics and aggressive intensive care support, the mortality of ALI is still high, because the mechanisms of pulmonary EC barrier disruption are not fully understood. In this review, we summarized recent advances in the studies of endothelial cytoskeletal reorganization, inter-endothelial junctions, endothelial inflammation, EC death, and endothelial repair in ALI and ARDS, intending to shed some light on the potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets in the clinical management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunchao Su
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Research Service, Charlie Norwood Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Rudolf Lucas
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - David J.R. Fulton
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Alexander D. Verin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
- Vascular Biology Center, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
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Peng C, Wang Y, Hu Z, Chen C. Selective HDAC6 inhibition protects against blood-brain barrier dysfunction after intracerebral hemorrhage. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14429. [PMID: 37665135 PMCID: PMC10915991 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) significantly induces neurological impairment. Previous studies showed that HDAC6 knockdown or TubA can protect the TNF-induced endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of HDAC6 inhibition on ICH-induced BBB disruption remains unknown. METHODS Hemin-induced human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs) and collagenase-induced rats were employed to investigated the underlying impact of the HDAC6 inhibition in BBB lesion and neuronal dysfunction after ICH. RESULTS We found a significant decrease in acetylated α-tubulin during early phase of ICH. Both 25 or 40 mg/kg of TubA could relieve neurological deficits, perihematomal cell apoptosis, and ipsilateral brain edema in ICH animal model. TubA or specific siRNA of HDAC6 inhibited apoptosis and reduced the endothelial permeability of HBMECs. HDAC6 inhibition rescued the degradation of TJ proteins and repaired TJs collapses after ICH induction. Finally, the results suggested that the protective effects on BBB after ICH induction were exerted via upregulating the acetylated α-tubulin and reducing stress fiber formation. CONCLUSIONS Inhibition of HDAC6 expression showed beneficial effects against BBB disruption after experimental ICH, which suggested that HDAC6 could be a novel and promising target for ICH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuiying Peng
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Provincial Rehabilitation HospitalHunan University of MedicineChangshaHunanChina
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Zhiping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
| | - Chunli Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunanChina
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3
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Stankovic I, Notaras M, Wolujewicz P, Lu T, Lis R, Ross ME, Colak D. Schizophrenia endothelial cells exhibit higher permeability and altered angiogenesis patterns in patient-derived organoids. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:53. [PMID: 38263175 PMCID: PMC10806043 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02740-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a complex neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by the manifestation of psychiatric symptoms in early adulthood. While many research avenues into the origins of SCZ during brain development have been explored, the contribution of endothelial/vascular dysfunction to the disease remains largely elusive. To model the neuropathology of SCZ during early critical periods of brain development, we utilized patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) to generate 3D cerebral organoids and define cell-specific signatures of disease. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed that while SCZ organoids were similar in their macromolecular diversity to organoids generated from healthy controls (CTRL), SCZ organoids exhibited a higher percentage of endothelial cells when normalized to total cell numbers. Additionally, when compared to CTRL, differential gene expression analysis revealed a significant enrichment in genes that function in vessel formation, vascular regulation, and inflammatory response in SCZ endothelial cells. In line with these findings, data from 23 donors demonstrated that PECAM1+ microvascular vessel-like structures were increased in length and number in SCZ organoids in comparison to CTRL organoids. Furthermore, we report that patient-derived endothelial cells displayed higher paracellular permeability, implicating elevated vascular activity. Collectively, our data identified altered gene expression patterns, vessel-like structural changes, and enhanced permeability of endothelial cells in patient-derived models of SCZ. Hence, brain microvascular cells could play a role in the etiology of SCZ by modulating the permeability of the developing blood brain barrier (BBB).
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Affiliation(s)
- Isidora Stankovic
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael Notaras
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Wolujewicz
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tyler Lu
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Lis
- Ansary Stem Cell Institute, Division of Regenerative Medicine, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Elizabeth Ross
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dilek Colak
- Center for Neurogenetics, Feil Family Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
- Gale and Ira Drukier Institute for Children's Health, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA.
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Shakhov AS, Churkina AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. The Endothelial Centrosome: Specific Features and Functional Significance for Endothelial Cell Activity and Barrier Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15392. [PMID: 37895072 PMCID: PMC10607758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes information about the specific features that are characteristic of the centrosome and its relationship with the cell function of highly specialized cells, such as endotheliocytes. It is based on data from other researchers and our own long-term experience. The participation of the centrosome in the functional activity of these cells, including its involvement in the performance of the main barrier function of the endothelium, is discussed. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a multifunctional complex and an integral element of a living cell; the functions of which are not limited only to the ability to polymerize microtubules. The location of the centrosome near the center of the interphase cell, the concentration of various regulatory proteins in it, the organization of the centrosome radial system of microtubules through which intracellular transport is carried out by motor proteins and the involvement of the centrosome in the process of the perception of the external signals and their transmission make this cellular structure a universal regulatory and distribution center, controlling the entire dynamic morphology of an animal cell. Drawing from modern data on the tissue-specific features of the centrosome's structure, we discuss the direct involvement of the centrosome in the performance of functions by specialized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alekseevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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Du C, Cai N, Dong J, Xu C, Wang Q, Zhang Z, Li J, Huang C, Ma T. Uncovering the role of cytoskeleton proteins in the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110607. [PMID: 37506501 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a type of lymphocyte involved in innate immune defense. In response to specific stimuli, these phagocytic cells undergo a unique form of cell death, NETosis, during which they release neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) composed of modified chromatin structures decorated with cytoplasmic and granular proteins. Multiple proteins and pathways have been implicated in the formation of NETs. The cytoskeleton, an interconnected network of filamentous polymers and regulatory proteins, plays a crucial role in resisting deformation, transporting intracellular cargo, and changing shape during movement of eukaryotic cells. It may also have evolved to defend eukaryotic organisms against infection. Recent research focuses on understanding the mechanisms underlying NETs formation and how cytoskeletal networks contribute to this process, by identifying enzymes that trigger NETosis or interact with NETs and influence cellular behavior through cytoskeletal dynamics. An enhanced understanding of the complex relationship between the cytoskeleton and NET formation will provide a framework for future research and the development of targeted therapeutic strategies, and supports the notion that the long-lived cytoskeleton structures may have a lasting impact on this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changlin Du
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Na Cai
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jiahui Dong
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Chuanting Xu
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Jun Li
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
| | - Taotao Ma
- Inflammation and Immune Mediated Diseases Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui Institute of Innovative Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China.
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Reyes A, Hatcher JD, Salazar E, Galan J, Iliuk A, Sanchez EE, Suntravat M. Proteomic Profiling of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated from Plasma and Peritoneal Exudate in Mice Induced by Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus Crude Venom and Its Purified Cysteine-Rich Secretory Protein (Css-CRiSP). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:434. [PMID: 37505703 PMCID: PMC10467150 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15070434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased vascular permeability is a frequent outcome of viperid snakebite envenomation, leading to local and systemic complications. We reported that snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American pit vipers increase vascular permeability both in vitro and in vivo. They also induce acute activation of several adhesion and signaling molecules that may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of snakebites. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained interest for their diverse functions in intercellular communication, regulating cellular processes, blood-endothelium interactions, vascular permeability, and immune modulation. They also hold potential as valuable biomarkers for diagnosing, predicting, and monitoring therapeutic responses in different diseases. This study aimed to identify proteins in peritoneal exudate and plasma EVs isolated from BALB/c mice following a 30 min post-injection of Crotalus scutulatus scutulatus venom and its purified CRiSP (Css-CRiSP). EVs were isolated from these biofluids using the EVtrap method. Proteomic analysis of exudate- and plasma-derived EVs was performed using LC-MS/MS. We observed significant upregulation or downregulation of proteins involved in cell adhesion, cytoskeleton rearrangement, signal transduction, immune responses, and vesicle-mediated transports. These findings suggest that svCRiSPs play a crucial role in the acute effects of venom and contribute to the local and systemic toxicity of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Reyes
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Joseph D. Hatcher
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Emelyn Salazar
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
| | - Jacob Galan
- Department of Human Genetics, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley School of Medicine, Brownsville, TX 78539, USA;
| | - Anton Iliuk
- Tymora Analytical Operations, West Lafayette, IN 47906, USA;
| | - Elda E. Sanchez
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
| | - Montamas Suntravat
- National Natural Toxins Research Center (NNTRC), Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 224, 975 West Avenue B, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA; (A.R.); (J.D.H.); (E.S.); (E.E.S.)
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, MSC 161, Kingsville, TX 78363, USA
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7
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Kim J, Mooren OL, Onken MD, Cooper JA. Septin and actin contributions to endothelial cell-cell junctions and monolayer integrity. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2023; 80:228-241. [PMID: 36205643 PMCID: PMC10079785 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Septins in endothelial cells (ECs) have important roles supporting the integrity of the endothelial monolayer. Cell-cell junctions in EC monolayers are highly dynamic, with continuous retractions and protrusions. Depletion of septins in ECs leads to disruption of cell-cell junctions, which are composed of VE-cadherin and other junctional proteins. In EC monolayers, septins are concentrated at the plasma membrane at sites of cell-cell contact, in curved- and scallop-shaped patterns. These membrane-associated septin accumulations are located in regions of positive membrane curvature, and those regions are often associated with and immediately adjacent to actin-rich protrusions with negative membrane curvature. EC septins associate directly with plasma membrane lipids, based on findings with site-specific mutations of septins in ECs, which is consistent with biochemical and cell biological studies in other systems. Loss of septins leads to disruption of the EC monolayer, and gaps form between cells. The number and breadth of cell-cell contacts and junctions decreases, and the number and frequency of retractions, ruffles, and protrusions at cell edges also decreases. In addition, loss of septins leads to decreased amounts of F-actin at the cortical membrane, along with increased amounts of F-actin in stress fibers of the cytoplasm. Endothelial monolayer disruption from loss of septins is also associated with decreased transendothelial electric resistance (TEER) and increased levels of transendothelial migration (TEM) by immune and cancer cells, owing to the gaps in the monolayer. A current working model is that assembly of septin filaments at regions of positive membrane curvature contributes to a mechanical footing or base for actin-based protrusive forces generated at adjoining regions of the membrane. Specific molecular interactions between the septin and actin components of the cytoskeleton may also be important contributors. Regulators of actin assembly may promote and support the assembly of septin filaments at the membrane, as part of a molecular feedback loop between the assembly of septin and actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Olivia L Mooren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Michael D Onken
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John A Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
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Curtis TM, Nilon AM, Greenberg AJ, Besner M, Scibek JJ, Nichols JA, Huie JL. Odorant Binding Causes Cytoskeletal Rearrangement, Leading to Detectable Changes in Endothelial and Epithelial Barrier Function and Micromotion. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:329. [PMID: 36979541 PMCID: PMC10046532 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Non-olfactory cells have excellent biosensor potential because they express functional olfactory receptors (ORs) and are non-neuronal cells that are easy to culture. ORs are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), and there is a well-established link between different classes of G-proteins and cytoskeletal structure changes affecting cellular morphology that has been unexplored for odorant sensing. Thus, the present study was conducted to determine if odorant binding in non-olfactory cells causes cytoskeletal changes that will lead to cell changes detectable by electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS). To this end, we used the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), which express OR10J5, and the human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells, which express OR2AT4. Using these two different cell barriers, we showed that odorant addition, lyral and Sandalore, respectively, caused an increase in cAMP, changes in the organization of the cytoskeleton, and a decrease in the integrity of the junctions between the cells, causing a decrease in cellular electrical resistance. In addition, the random cellular movement of the monolayers (micromotion) was significantly decreased after odorant exposure. Collectively, these data demonstrate a new physiological role of olfactory receptor signaling in endothelial and epithelial cell barriers and represent a new label-free method to detect odorant binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa M. Curtis
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Annabella M. Nilon
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | | | - Matthew Besner
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
| | - Jacob J. Scibek
- Department of Biological Sciences, SUNY Cortland, Cortland, NY 13045, USA
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Shakhov AS, Kovaleva PA, Churkina AS, Kireev II, Alieva IB. Colocalization Analysis of Cytoplasmic Actin Isoforms Distribution in Endothelial Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123194. [PMID: 36551950 PMCID: PMC9775052 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin cytoskeleton is an essential component of living cells and plays a decisive role in many cellular processes. In mammals, β- and γ-actin are cytoplasmic actin isoforms in non-muscle cells. Despite minor differences in the amino acid sequence, β- and γ-actin localize in different cell structures and perform different functions. While cytoplasmic β-actin is involved in many intracellular processes including cell contraction, γ-actin is responsible for cell mobility and promotes tumor transformation. Numerous studies demonstrate that β- and γ-actin are spatially separated in the cytoplasm of fibroblasts and epithelial cells; this separation is functionally determined. The spatial location of β/γ-actin in endothelial cells is still a subject for discussion. Using super-resolution microscopy, we investigated the β/γ-actin colocalization in endotheliocytes and showed that the β/γ-actin colocalization degree varies widely between different parts of the marginal regions and near the cell nucleus. In the basal cytoplasm, β-actin predominates, while the ratio of isoforms evens out as it moves to the apical cytoplasm. Thus, our colocalization analysis suggests that β- and γ-actin are segregated in the endotheliocyte cytoplasm. The segregation is greatly enhanced during cell lamella activation in the nocodazole-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction, reflecting a different functional role of cytoplasmic actin isoforms in endothelial cells.
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Wu J, Zhu Z, Liu W, Zhang Y, Kang Y, Liu J, Hu C, Wang R, Zhang M, Chen L, Shao L. How Nanoparticles Open the Paracellular Route of Biological Barriers: Mechanisms, Applications, and Prospects. ACS NANO 2022; 16:15627-15652. [PMID: 36121682 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c05317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Biological barriers are essential physiological protective systems and obstacles to drug delivery. Nanoparticles (NPs) can access the paracellular route of biological barriers, either causing adverse health impacts on humans or producing therapeutic opportunities. This Review introduces the structural and functional influences of NPs on the key components that govern the paracellular route, mainly tight junctions, adherens junctions, and cytoskeletons. Furthermore, we evaluate their interaction mechanisms and address the influencing factors that determine the ability of NPs to open the paracellular route, which provides a better knowledge of how NPs can open the paracellular route in a safer and more controllable way. Finally, we summarize limitations in the research models and methodologies of the existing research in the field and provide future research direction. This Review demonstrates the in-depth causes for the reversible opening or destruction of the integrity of barriers generated by NPs; more importantly, it contributes insights into the design of NP-based medications to boost paracellular drug delivery efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junrong Wu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenjun Zhu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Yiyuan Kang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Ruolan Wang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Manjin Zhang
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
| | - Lili Chen
- Department of Stomatology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- School of Stomatology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Development and Regeneration, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Longquan Shao
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering, Guangzhou 510515, China
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Vásquez-Limeta A, Lukasik K, Kong D, Sullenberger C, Luvsanjav D, Sahabandu N, Chari R, Loncarek J. CPAP insufficiency leads to incomplete centrioles that duplicate but fragment. J Cell Biol 2022; 221:213119. [PMID: 35404385 PMCID: PMC9007748 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.202108018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centrioles are structures that assemble centrosomes. CPAP is critical for centrosome assembly, and its mutations are found in patients with diseases such as primary microcephaly. CPAP’s centrosomal localization, its dynamics, and the consequences of its insufficiency in human cells are poorly understood. Here we use human cells genetically engineered for fast degradation of CPAP, in combination with superresolution microscopy, to address these uncertainties. We show that three independent centrosomal CPAP populations are dynamically regulated during the cell cycle. We confirm that CPAP is critical for assembly of human centrioles, but not for recruitment of pericentriolar material on already assembled centrioles. Further, we reveal that CPAP insufficiency leads to centrioles with incomplete microtubule triplets that can convert to centrosomes, duplicate, and form mitotic spindle poles, but fragment owing to loss of cohesion between microtubule blades. These findings further our basic understanding of the role of CPAP in centrosome biogenesis and help understand how CPAP aberrations can lead to human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Vásquez-Limeta
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Kimberly Lukasik
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Dong Kong
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Catherine Sullenberger
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Delgermaa Luvsanjav
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Natalie Sahabandu
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Raj Chari
- Genome Modification Core, Laboratory Animal Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
| | - Jadranka Loncarek
- Laboratory of Protein Dynamics and Signaling, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD
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12
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The “Third Violin” in the Cytoskeleton Orchestra—The Role of Intermediate Filaments in the Endothelial Cell’s Life. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040828. [PMID: 35453578 PMCID: PMC9027429 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelium plays an important role in the transcytosis of lipoproteins. According to one of the theories, endothelial injury is a triggering factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and intracellular structures, including components of the endotheliocyte cytoskeleton (microtubules, actin, and intermediate filaments), are involved in its development. In contrast to the proteins of tubulin-based microtubules and actin microfilaments, intermediate filaments are comprised of various tissue-specific protein members. Vimentin, the main protein of endothelial intermediate filaments, is one of the most well-studied of these and belongs to type-III intermediate filaments, commonly found in cells of mesenchymal origin. Vimentin filaments are linked mechanically or by signaling molecules to microfilaments and microtubules by which coordinated cell polarisation and migration are carried out, as well as control over several endotheliocyte functions. Moreover, the soluble vimentin acts as an indicator of the state of the cardiovascular system, and the involvement of vimentin in the development and course of atherosclerosis has been demonstrated. Here we discuss current concepts of the participation of vimentin filaments in the vital activity and functioning of endothelial cells, as well as the role of vimentin in the development of inflammatory processes and atherosclerosis.
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13
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Karki P, Birukova AA. Microtubules as Major Regulators of Endothelial Function: Implication for Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758313. [PMID: 34777018 PMCID: PMC8582326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been attributed as one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients, a global pandemic that has already caused over 4 million deaths worldwide. The dysfunction of endothelial barrier is characterized by an increase in endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses, and has even broader implications in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syndromes such as ARDS, sepsis and chronic illnesses represented by pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The structural integrity of endothelial barrier is maintained by cytoskeleton elements, cell-substrate focal adhesion and adhesive cell junctions. Agonist-mediated changes in endothelial permeability are directly associated with reorganization of actomyosin cytoskeleton leading to cell contraction and opening of intercellular gaps or enhancement of cortical actin cytoskeleton associated with strengthening of endothelial barrier. The role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial barrier regulation has taken the central stage, but the impact of microtubules in this process remains less explored and under-appreciated. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between microtubules dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, describe the signaling mechanisms mediating this crosstalk, discuss epigenetic regulation of microtubules stability and its nexus with endothelial barrier maintenance, and overview a role of microtubules in targeted delivery of signaling molecules regulating endothelial permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Dugina VB, Shagieva GS, Shakhov AS, Alieva IB. The Cytoplasmic Actins in the Regulation of Endothelial Cell Function. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157836. [PMID: 34360602 PMCID: PMC8345992 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the endothelial cells (EC) lining the inner surface of all vessels is to regulate permeability of vascular walls and to control exchange between circulating blood and tissue fluids of organs. The EC actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Actin cytoskeleton reorganization result in EC contraction and provides a structural basis for the increase in vascular permeability, which is typical for many diseases. Actin cytoskeleton in non-muscle cells presented two actin isoforms: non-muscle β-cytoplasmic and γ-cytoplasmic actins (β-actins and γ-actins), which are encoded by ACTB and ACTG1 genes, respectively. They are ubiquitously expressed in the different cells in vivo and in vitro and the β/γ-actin ratio depends on the cell type. Both cytoplasmic actins are essential for cell survival, but they perform various functions in the interphase and cell division and play different roles in neoplastic transformation. In this review, we briefly summarize the research results of recent years and consider the features of the cytoplasmic actins: The spatial organization in close connection with their functional activity in different cell types by focusing on endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera B. Dugina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Galina S. Shagieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Anton S. Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
| | - Irina B. Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical and Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (V.B.D.); (G.S.S.); (A.S.S.)
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence:
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15
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Bayir E, Sendemir A. Role of Intermediate Filaments in Blood-Brain Barrier in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061400. [PMID: 34198868 PMCID: PMC8226756 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a highly selective cellular monolayer unique to the microvasculature of the central nervous system (CNS), and it mediates the communication of the CNS with the rest of the body by regulating the passage of molecules into the CNS microenvironment. Limitation of passage of substances through the BBB is mainly due to tight junctions (TJ) and adherens junctions (AJ) between brain microvascular endothelial cells. The importance of actin filaments and microtubules in establishing and maintaining TJs and AJs has been indicated; however, recent studies have shown that intermediate filaments are also important in the formation and function of cell–cell junctions. The most common intermediate filament protein in endothelial cells is vimentin. Vimentin plays a role in blood–brain barrier permeability in both cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions by affecting the actin and microtubule reorganization and by binding directly to VE-cadherin or integrin proteins. The BBB permeability increases due to the formation of stress fibers and the disruption of VE–cadherin interactions between two neighboring cells in various diseases, disrupting the fiber network of intermediate filament vimentin in different ways. Intermediate filaments may be long ignored key targets in regulation of BBB permeability in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Bayir
- Ege University Central Research Test and Analysis Laboratory Application and Research Center (EGE-MATAL), Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey;
| | - Aylin Sendemir
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Technologies, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-3114817
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16
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Karki P, Cha B, Zhang CO, Li Y, Ke Y, Promnares K, Kaibuchi K, Yoshimura A, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. Microtubule-dependent mechanism of anti-inflammatory effect of SOCS1 in endothelial dysfunction and lung injury. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21388. [PMID: 33724556 PMCID: PMC10069762 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001477rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) provide negative regulation of inflammatory reaction. The role and precise cellular mechanisms of SOCS1 in control of endothelial dysfunction and barrier compromise associated with acute lung injury remain unexplored. Our results show that siRNA-mediated SOCS1 knockdown augmented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary endothelial cell (EC) permeability and enhanced inflammatory response. Consistent with in vitro data, EC-specific SOCS1 knockout mice developed more severe lung vascular leak and accumulation of inflammatory cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. SOCS1 overexpression exhibited protective effects against LPS-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation, which were dependent on microtubule (MT) integrity. Biochemical and image analysis of unstimulated EC showed SOCS1 association with the MT, while challenge with LPS or MT depolymerizing agent colchicine impaired this association. SOCS1 directly interacted with N2 domains of MT-associated proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Furthermore, N-terminal region of SOCS1 was indispensable for these interactions and SOCS1-ΔN mutant lacking N-terminal 59 amino acids failed to rescue LPS-induced endothelial dysfunction. Depletion of endogenous CLIP-170 or CLASP2 abolished SOCS1 interaction with Toll-like receptor-4 and Janus kinase-2 leading to impairment of SOCS1 inhibitory effects on LPS-induced inflammation. Altogether, these findings suggest that endothelial barrier protective and anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS1 are critically dependent on its targeting to the MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Boyoung Cha
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kamoltip Promnares
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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17
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Karki P, Ke Y, Zhang CO, Li Y, Tian Y, Son S, Yoshimura A, Kaibuchi K, Birukov KG, Birukova AA. SOCS3-microtubule interaction via CLIP-170 and CLASP2 is critical for modulation of endothelial inflammation and lung injury. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100239. [PMID: 33372035 PMCID: PMC7949054 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory cytokines such as IL-6 induce endothelial cell (EC) barrier disruption and trigger an inflammatory response in part by activating the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway. The protein suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (SOCS3) is a negative regulator of JAK-STAT, but its role in modulation of lung EC barrier dysfunction caused by bacterial pathogens has not been investigated. Using human lung ECs and EC-specific SOCS3 knockout mice, we tested the hypothesis that SOCS3 confers microtubule (MT)-mediated protection against endothelial dysfunction. SOCS3 knockdown in cultured ECs or EC-specific SOCS3 knockout in mice resulted in exacerbated lung injury characterized by increased permeability and inflammation in response to IL-6 or heat-killed Staphylococcus aureus (HKSA). Ectopic expression of SOCS3 attenuated HKSA-induced EC dysfunction, and this effect required assembled MTs. SOCS3 was enriched in the MT fractions, and treatment with HKSA disrupted SOCS3-MT association. We discovered that-in addition to its known partners gp130 and JAK2-SOCS3 interacts with MT plus-end binding proteins CLIP-170 and CLASP2 via its N-terminal domain. The resulting SOCS3-CLIP-170/CLASP2 complex was essential for maximal SOCS3 anti-inflammatory effects. Both IL-6 and HKSA promoted MT disassembly and disrupted SOCS3 interaction with CLIP-170 and CLASP2. Moreover, knockdown of CLIP-170 or CLASP2 impaired SOCS3-JAK2 interaction and abolished the anti-inflammatory effects of SOCS3. Together, these findings demonstrate for the first time an interaction between SOCS3 and CLIP-170/CLASP2 and reveal that this interaction is essential to the protective effects of SOCS3 in lung endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yunbo Ke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chen-Ou Zhang
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sophia Son
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Akihiko Yoshimura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kozo Kaibuchi
- Department of Cell Pharmacology, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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18
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Sandrini L, Ieraci A, Amadio P, Zarà M, Barbieri SS. Impact of Acute and Chronic Stress on Thrombosis in Healthy Individuals and Cardiovascular Disease Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217818. [PMID: 33105629 PMCID: PMC7659944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress induces different alterations in the organism in order to maintain homeostasis, including changes in hematopoiesis and hemostasis. In particular, stress-induced hyper activation of the autonomic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis can trigger cellular and molecular alterations in platelets, coagulation factors, endothelial function, redox balance, and sterile inflammatory response. For this reason, mental stress is reported to enhance the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, contrasting results are often found in the literature considering differences in the response to acute or chronic stress and the health condition of the population analyzed. Since thrombosis is the most common underlying pathology of CVDs, the comprehension of the mechanisms at the basis of the association between stress and this pathology is highly valuable. The aim of this work is to give a comprehensive review of the studies focused on the role of acute and chronic stress in both healthy individuals and CVD patients, focusing on the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Sandrini
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-58002021 (L.S. & S.S.B.)
| | - Alessandro Ieraci
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology and Functional Neurogenomics, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Sezione di Fisiologia e Farmacologia, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Amadio
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Marta Zarà
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Silvia Stella Barbieri
- Unit of Brain-Heart Axis: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (P.A.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (L.S.); (S.S.B.); Tel.: +39-02-58002021 (L.S. & S.S.B.)
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19
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Graybill PM, Davalos RV. Cytoskeletal Disruption after Electroporation and Its Significance to Pulsed Electric Field Therapies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1132. [PMID: 32366043 PMCID: PMC7281591 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulsed electric fields (PEFs) have become clinically important through the success of Irreversible Electroporation (IRE), Electrochemotherapy (ECT), and nanosecond PEFs (nsPEFs) for the treatment of tumors. PEFs increase the permeability of cell membranes, a phenomenon known as electroporation. In addition to well-known membrane effects, PEFs can cause profound cytoskeletal disruption. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs. Compiling available studies, we describe PEF-induced cytoskeletal disruption and possible mechanisms of disruption. Additionally, we consider how cytoskeletal alterations contribute to cell-cell and cell-substrate disruption. We conclude with a discussion of cytoskeletal disruption-induced anti-vascular effects of PEFs and consider how a better understanding of cytoskeletal disruption after PEFs may lead to more effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip M. Graybill
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Rafael V. Davalos
- BEMS Lab, Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
- Virginia Tech–Wake Forest University, School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
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20
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Shakhov AS, Dugina VB, Alieva IB. Structural Features of Actin Cytoskeleton Required for Endotheliocyte Barrier Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:358-369. [PMID: 31228927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin structures are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. According to the classic concepts, actin structures perform contractile and motor functions, ensuring the possibility of cell shape changes during cell spreading, polarization, and movement both in vitro and in vivo, from the early embryogenesis stages and throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Intracellular organization of actin structures, their biochemical composition, and dynamic properties play a key role in the realization of specific cellular and tissue functions and vary in different cell types. This paper is a review of recent studies on the organization and properties of actin structures in endotheliocytes, interaction of these structures with other cytoskeletal components and elements involved in cell adhesion, as well as their role in the functional activity of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - V B Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - I B Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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21
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Karki P, Ke Y, Tian Y, Ohmura T, Sitikov A, Sarich N, Montgomery CP, Birukova AA. Staphylococcus aureus-induced endothelial permeability and inflammation are mediated by microtubule destabilization. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:3369-3384. [PMID: 30622143 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.004030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a major etiological agent of sepsis and induces endothelial cell (EC) barrier dysfunction and inflammation, two major hallmarks of acute lung injury. However, the molecular mechanisms of bacterial pathogen-induced EC barrier disruption are incompletely understood. Here, we investigated the role of microtubules (MT) in the mechanisms of EC barrier compromise caused by heat-killed S. aureus (HKSA). Using a customized monolayer permeability assay in human pulmonary EC and MT fractionation, we observed that HKSA-induced barrier disruption is accompanied by MT destabilization and increased histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) activity resulting from elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Molecular or pharmacological HDAC6 inhibition rescued barrier function in HKSA-challenged vascular endothelium. The HKSA-induced EC permeability was associated with impaired MT-mediated delivery of cytoplasmic linker-associated protein 2 (CLASP2) to the cell periphery, limiting its interaction with adherens junction proteins. HKSA-induced EC barrier dysfunction was also associated with increased Rho GTPase activity via activation of MT-bound Rho-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor-H1 (GEF-H1) and was abolished by HDAC6 down-regulation. HKSA activated the NF-κB proinflammatory pathway and increased the expression of intercellular and vascular cell adhesion molecules in EC, an effect that was also HDAC6-dependent and mediated, at least in part, by a GEF-H1/Rho-dependent mechanism. Of note, HDAC6 knockout mice or HDAC6 inhibitor-treated WT mice were partially protected from vascular leakage and inflammation caused by both HKSA or methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Our results indicate that S. aureus-induced, ROS-dependent up-regulation of HDAC6 activity destabilizes MT and thereby activates the GEF-H1/Rho pathway, increasing both EC permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yunbo Ke
- the Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Yufeng Tian
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Tomomi Ohmura
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Albert Sitikov
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Nicolene Sarich
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and
| | - Christopher P Montgomery
- the Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and.,the Department of Critical Care Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205
| | - Anna A Birukova
- From the Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201,
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22
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Karki P, Meliton A, Sitikov A, Tian Y, Ohmura T, Birukova AA. Microtubule destabilization caused by particulate matter contributes to lung endothelial barrier dysfunction and inflammation. Cell Signal 2018; 53:246-255. [PMID: 30339829 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter (PM) associated with air pollution remains a major public health concern, as it has been linked to significant increase in cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Lung endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction is one of the hallmarks of cardiovascular events of lung exposure to PM. However, the role of PM in acute lung injury (ALI) exacerbation and delayed recovery remains incompletely understood. This study tested a hypothesis that PM augments lung injury and EC barrier dysfunction via microtubule-dependent mechanisms. Our data demonstrate that in pulmonary EC PM caused time- and dose-dependent remodeling of actin cytoskeleton and considerable destabilization of the microtubule (MT) network. These events led to the weakening of cell junctions and formation of actin stress fibers, resulting in disruption of lung EC monolayer and increased permeability. PM also caused ROS-dependent activation of MT-specific deacetylase, HDAC6. Suppression of HDAC6 activity by pharmacological inhibitors or siRNA-based depletion of HDAC6 abolished PM-induced EC permeability increase, which was accompanied by reduced activation of stress kinase signaling, inhibition of Rho cascade, decreased IL-6 production and suppressed activation of its downstream target STAT3. Pretreatment of pulmonary EC with IL-6 inhibitor led to inhibition of STAT3 activity and decreased PM-induced hyper-permeability. Because one of the major activators of Rho-GTPase, GEFH1, is localized on the MT, we examined its involvement in PM-caused EC barrier compromise. Inhibition of GEF-H1 activation significantly attenuated PM-induced permeability increase. Moreover, combined inhibition of IL-6 and GEF-H1 signaling exhibited additive protective effect. Taken together, these results demonstrate a critical involvement of MT-associated signaling in the PM-induced exacerbation of lung EC barrier compromise and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States
| | - Angelo Meliton
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Albert Sitikov
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Yufeng Tian
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Tomomi Ohmura
- Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, United States; Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States.
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23
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The Superantigen Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin 1 Alters Human Aortic Endothelial Cell Function. Infect Immun 2018; 86:IAI.00848-17. [PMID: 29229737 PMCID: PMC5820935 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00848-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus infective endocarditis (IE) is a fast-progressing and tissue-destructive infection of the cardiac endothelium. The superantigens (SAgs) toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1), staphylococcal enterotoxin C (SEC), and the toxins encoded by the enterotoxin gene cluster (egc) play a novel and essential role in the etiology of S. aureus IE. Recent studies indicate that SAgs act at the infection site to cause tissue pathology and promote vegetation growth. The underlying mechanism of SAg involvement has not been clearly defined. In SAg-mediated responses, immune cell priming is considered a primary triggering event leading to endothelial cell activation and altered function. Utilizing immortalized human aortic endothelial cells (iHAECs), we demonstrated that TSST-1 directly activates iHAECs, as documented by upregulation of vascular and intercellular adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-1). TSST-1-mediated activation results in increased monolayer permeability and defects in vascular reendothelialization. Yet stimulation of iHAECs with TSST-1 fails to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) and IL-6 production. Furthermore, simultaneous stimulation of iHAECs with TSST-1 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) inhibits LPS-mediated IL-8 and IL-6 secretion, even after pretreatment with either of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and IL-1β. IL-8 suppression is not mediated by TSST-1 binding to its canonical receptor major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II), supporting current evidence for a nonhematopoietic interacting site on SAgs. Together, the data suggest that TSST-1 differentially regulates cell-bound and secreted markers of endothelial cell activation that may result in dysregulated innate immune responses during S. aureus IE. Endothelial changes resulting from the action of SAgs can therefore directly contribute to the aggressive nature of S. aureus IE and development of life-threatening complications.
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24
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Hamilton CL, Kadeba PI, Vasauskas AA, Solodushko V, McClinton AK, Alexeyev M, Scammell JG, Cioffi DL. Protective role of FKBP51 in calcium entry-induced endothelial barrier disruption. Pulm Circ 2017; 8:2045893217749987. [PMID: 29261039 PMCID: PMC5798693 DOI: 10.1177/2045893217749987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAECs) express a cation current, ISOC (store-operated calcium entry current), which when activated permits calcium entry leading to inter-endothelial cell gap formation. The large molecular weight immunophilin FKBP51 inhibits ISOC but not other calcium entry pathways in PAECs. However, it is unknown whether FKBP51-mediated inhibition of ISOC is sufficient to protect the endothelial barrier from calcium entry-induced disruption. The major objective of this study was to determine whether FKBP51-mediated inhibition of ISOC leads to decreased calcium entry-induced inter-endothelial gap formation and thus preservation of the endothelial barrier. Here, we measured the effects of thapsigargin-induced ISOC on the endothelial barrier in control and FKBP51 overexpressing PAECs. FKBP51 overexpression decreased actin stress fiber and inter-endothelial cell gap formation in addition to attenuating the decrease in resistance observed with control cells using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing. Finally, the thapsigargin-induced increase in dextran flux was abolished in FKBP51 overexpressing PAECs. We then measured endothelial permeability in perfused lungs of FKBP51 knockout (FKBP51–/–) mice and observed increased calcium entry-induced permeability compared to wild-type mice. To begin to dissect the mechanism underlying the FKBP51-mediated inhibition of ISOC, a second goal of this study was to determine the role of the microtubule network. We observed that FKBP51 overexpressing PAECs exhibited increased microtubule polymerization that is critical for inhibition of ISOC by FKBP51. Overall, we have identified FKBP51 as a novel regulator of endothelial barrier integrity, and these findings are significant as they reveal a protective mechanism for endothelium against calcium entry-induced disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caleb L Hamilton
- 1 5557 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,2 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Pierre I Kadeba
- 1 5557 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,2 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Audrey A Vasauskas
- 3 376598 Department of Anatomical Sciences and Molecular Medicine , Alabama College of Osteopathic Medicine, Dothan, AL, USA
| | - Viktoriya Solodushko
- 1 5557 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Anna K McClinton
- 2 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,4 Department of Pharmacology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Mikhail Alexeyev
- 2 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,5 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Jonathan G Scammell
- 6 Department of Comparative Medicine, 5557 University of South Alabama , Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Donna L Cioffi
- 1 5557 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA.,2 Center for Lung Biology, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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25
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Shakhov AS, Alieva IB. The Centrosome as the Main Integrator of Endothelial Cell Functional Activity. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2017; 82:663-677. [PMID: 28601076 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297917060037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The centrosome is an intracellular structure of the animal cell responsible for organization of cytoplasmic microtubules. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a very important integral element of the living cell whose functions are not limited to its ability to polymerize microtubules. The centrosome localization in the geometric center of the interphase cell, the high concentration of various regulatory proteins in this area, the centrosome-organized radial system of microtubules for intracellular transport by motor proteins, the centrosome involvement in the perception of external signals and their transmission - all these features make this cellular structure a unique regulation and distribution center managing dynamic morphology of the animal cell. In conjunction with the tissue-specific features of the centrosome structure, this suggests the direct involvement of the centrosome in execution of cell functions. This review discusses the involvement of the centrosome in the vital activity of endothelial cells, as well as its possible participation in the implementation of barrier function, the major function of endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
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26
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Lovelace MD, Powter EE, Coleman PR, Zhao Y, Parker A, Chang GH, Lay AJ, Hunter J, McGrath AP, Jormakka M, Bertolino P, McCaughan G, Kavallaris M, Vadas MA, Gamble JR. The RhoGAP protein ARHGAP18/SENEX localizes to microtubules and regulates their stability in endothelial cells. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:1066-1078. [PMID: 28251925 PMCID: PMC5391183 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e16-05-0285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Localization of a regulator of RhoGTPases (ARHGAP18) is important for microtubule stability and endothelial cell function. The localization is demonstrated by advanced imaging and biochemical techniques. RhoGTPases are important regulators of the cell cytoskeleton, controlling cell shape, migration and proliferation. Previously we showed that ARHGAP18 in endothelial cells is important in cell junctions. Here we show, using structured illumination microscopy (SIM), ground-state depletion (GSD), and total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) that a proportion of ARHGAP18 localizes to microtubules in endothelial cells, as well as in nonendothelial cells, an association confirmed biochemically. In endothelial cells, some ARHGAP18 puncta also colocalized to Weibel–Palade bodies on the microtubules. Depletion of ARHGAP18 by small interfering RNA or analysis of endothelial cells isolated from ARHGAP18-knockout mice showed microtubule destabilization, as evidenced by altered morphology and decreased acetylated α-tubulin and glu-tubulin. The destabilization was rescued by inhibition of ROCK and histone deacetylase 6 but not by a GAP-mutant form of ARHGAP18. Depletion of ARHGAP18 resulted in a failure to secrete endothelin-1 and a reduction in neutrophil transmigration, both known to be microtubule dependent. Thrombin, a critical regulator of the Rho-mediated barrier function of endothelial cells through microtubule destabilization, enhanced the plasma membrane–bound fraction of ARHGAP18. Thus, in endothelial cells, ARHGAP18 may act as a significant regulator of vascular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Lovelace
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elizabeth E Powter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Paul R Coleman
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Yang Zhao
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Amelia Parker
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Garry H Chang
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Angelina J Lay
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Julie Hunter
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Aaron P McGrath
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Mika Jormakka
- Structural Biology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Patrick Bertolino
- Liver Immunology Laboratory, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Geoffrey McCaughan
- Liver Biology and Cancer Laboratory, Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Maria Kavallaris
- Tumour Biology and Targeting Program, Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology and Australian Centre for NanoMedicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mathew A Vadas
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Jennifer R Gamble
- Centre for the Endothelium, Vascular Biology Program, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2050, Australia
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27
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Thomas A, Wang S, Sohrabi S, Orr C, He R, Shi W, Liu Y. Characterization of vascular permeability using a biomimetic microfluidic blood vessel model. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2017; 11:024102. [PMID: 28344727 PMCID: PMC5336476 DOI: 10.1063/1.4977584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The inflammatory response in endothelial cells (ECs) leads to an increase in vascular permeability through the formation of gaps. However, the dynamic nature of vascular permeability and external factors involved is still elusive. In this work, we use a biomimetic blood vessel (BBV) microfluidic model to measure in real-time the change in permeability of the EC layer under culture in physiologically relevant flow conditions. This platform studies the dynamics and characterizes vascular permeability when the EC layer is triggered with an inflammatory agent using tracer molecules of three different sizes, and the results are compared to a transwell insert study. We also apply an analytical model to compare the permeability data from the different tracer molecules to understand the physiological and bio-transport significance of endothelial permeability based on the molecule of interest. A computational model of the BBV model is also built to understand the factors influencing transport of molecules of different sizes under flow. The endothelial monolayer cultured under flow in the BBV model was treated with thrombin, a serine protease that induces a rapid and reversible increase in endothelium permeability. On analysis of permeability data, it is found that the transport characteristics for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) dye and FITC Dextran 4k Da molecules are similar in both BBV and transwell models, but FITC Dextran 70k Da molecules show increased permeability in the BBV model as convection flow (Peclet number > 1) influences the molecule transport in the BBV model. We also calculated from permeability data the relative increase in intercellular gap area during thrombin treatment for ECs in the BBV and transwell insert models to be between 12% and 15%. This relative increase was found to be within range of what we quantified from F-actin stained EC layer images. The work highlights the importance of incorporating flow in in vitro vascular models, especially in studies involving transport of large size objects such as antibodies, proteins, nano/micro particles, and cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antony Thomas
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Shunqiang Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Salman Sohrabi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Colin Orr
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Ran He
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mechanics, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
| | - Wentao Shi
- Bioengineering Program, Lehigh University , Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015, USA
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28
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Dugina V, Alieva I, Khromova N, Kireev I, Gunning PW, Kopnin P. Interaction of microtubules with the actin cytoskeleton via cross-talk of EB1-containing +TIPs and γ-actin in epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2016; 7:72699-72715. [PMID: 27683037 PMCID: PMC5341938 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin microfilaments and microtubules are both highly dynamic cytoskeleton components implicated in a wide range of intracellular processes as well as cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions. The interactions of actin filaments with the microtubule system play an important role in the assembly and maintenance of 3D cell structure. Here we demonstrate that cytoplasmic actins are differentially distributed in relation to the microtubule system. LSM, 3D-SIM, proximity ligation assay (PLA) and co-immunoprecipitation methods applied in combination with selective depletion of β- or γ-cytoplasmic actins revealed a selective interaction between microtubules and γ-, but not β-cytoplasmic actin via the microtubule +TIPs protein EB1. EB1-positive comet distribution analysis and quantification have shown more effective microtubule growth in the absence of β-actin. Our data represent the first demonstration that microtubule +TIPs protein EB1 interacts mainly with γ-cytoplasmic actin in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Irina Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Igor Kireev
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Peter W. Gunning
- School of Medical Science, The University of New South Wales, NSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Pavel Kopnin
- Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
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29
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Multiphoton imaging reveals that nanosecond pulsed electric fields collapse tumor and normal vascular perfusion in human glioblastoma xenografts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34443. [PMID: 27698479 PMCID: PMC5048165 DOI: 10.1038/srep34443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the biomedical advances of the last century, many cancers including glioblastoma are still resistant to existing therapies leaving patients with poor prognoses. Nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEF) are a promising technology for the treatment of cancer that have thus far been evaluated in vitro and in superficial malignancies. In this paper, we develop a tumor organoid model of glioblastoma and apply intravital multiphoton microscopy to assess their response to nsPEFs. We demonstrate for the first time that a single 10 ns, high voltage electric pulse (35–45 kV/cm), collapses the perfusion of neovasculature, and also alters the diameter of capillaries and larger vessels in normal tissue. These results contribute to the fundamental understanding of nsPEF effects in complex tissue environments, and confirm the potential of nsPEFs to disrupt the microenvironment of solid tumors such as glioblastoma.
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30
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Parker WH, Rhea EM, Qu ZC, Hecker MR, May JM. Intracellular ascorbate tightens the endothelial permeability barrier through Epac1 and the tubulin cytoskeleton. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2016; 311:C652-C662. [PMID: 27605450 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00076.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, both tightens the endothelial permeability barrier in basal cells and also prevents barrier leak induced by inflammatory agents. Barrier tightening by ascorbate in basal endothelial cells requires nitric oxide derived from activation of nitric oxide synthase. Although ascorbate did not affect cyclic AMP levels in our previous study, there remains a question of whether it might activate downstream cyclic AMP-dependent pathways. In this work, we found in both primary and immortalized cultured endothelial cells that ascorbate tightened the endothelial permeability barrier by ∼30%. In human umbilical vein endothelial cells, this occurred at what are likely physiologic intracellular ascorbate concentrations. In so doing, ascorbate decreased measures of oxidative stress and also flattened the cells to increase cell-to-cell contact. Inhibition of downstream cyclic AMP-dependent proteins via protein kinase A did not prevent ascorbate from tightening the endothelial permeability barrier, whereas inhibition of Epac1 did block the ascorbate effect. Although Epac1 was required, its mediator Rap1 was not activated. Furthermore, ascorbate acutely stabilized microtubules during depolymerization induced by colchicine and nocodazole. Over several days in culture, ascorbate also increased the amount of stable acetylated α-tubulin. Microtubule stabilization was further suggested by the finding that ascorbate increased the amount of Epac1 bound to α-tubulin. These results suggest that physiologic ascorbate concentrations tighten the endothelial permeability barrier in unstimulated cells by stabilizing microtubules in a manner downstream of cyclic AMP that might be due both to increasing nitric oxide availability and to scavenging of reactive oxygen or nitrogen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Parker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Elizabeth Meredith Rhea
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Zhi-Chao Qu
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - Morgan R Hecker
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
| | - James M May
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; and
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31
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Pham PH, Vo NTK, Tan EJH, Russell S, Jones G, Lumsden JS, Bols NC. Development of an Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line (ASHe) that responds to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2016; 53:20-32. [PMID: 27586265 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-016-0077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
As diseases and abnormalities of the heart can interfere with the aquaculture of Atlantic salmon, the heart was investigated as a source of cell lines that could be used to study the cellular basis of these conditions. An Atlantic salmon heart endothelial cell line, ASHe, was developed and characterized for growth properties, endothelial cell characteristics, and responsiveness to lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). AHSe cells stained negative for senescence associated ß-galactosidase and grew well in 10 and 20% FBS/L15 at high cell density, but not in L15 medium supplemented with calf serum. It displayed many endothelial cell-like characteristics including a cobblestone morphology, capillary-like structures formation on Matrigel, and expression of von Willebrand factor and endothelial cell-related tight junction proteins ZO-1, claudin 3, and claudin 5. ASHe cells responded to the cardiovascular modulator, LPA, in two contrasting ways. LPA at 5 and 25 μM inhibited the ability of ASHe cells to heal a wound but stimulated their proliferation, especially as evaluated by colony formation in low-density cultures. The enhancement of proliferation by LPA parallels what has been observed previously in mammalian endothelial cell cultures exposed to LPA, whereas the LPA slowing of ASHe cell migration contrasted with the LPA-enhanced migration of some mammalian cells. Therefore, this cell line is a potentially useful model for future comparative studies on piscine and mammalian cardiovascular cell biology and for studies on diseases of Atlantic salmon in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuc H Pham
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Nguyen T K Vo
- Department of Medical Physics and Applied Radiation Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Spencer Russell
- Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture, Vancouver Island University, Nanaimo, BC, Canada
| | | | - John S Lumsden
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Niels C Bols
- Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
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32
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Shakhov AS, Dugina VB, Alieva IB. Reorganization of actin and microtubule systems in human vein endothelial cells during intercellular contact formation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x15040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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33
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Alieva IB, Berezinskaya T, Borisy GG, Vorobjev IA. Centrosome nucleates numerous ephemeral microtubules and only few of them participate in the radial array. Cell Biol Int 2015; 39:1203-16. [PMID: 25998195 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
It is generally accepted that long microtubules (MTs) grow from the centrosome with their minus ends anchored there and plus ends directed towards cell membrane. However, recent findings show this scheme to be an oversimplification. To further analyze the relationship between the centrosome and the MT array we undertook a detailed study on the MTs growing from the centrosome after microinjection of Cy3 labeled tubulin and transfection of cells with EB1-GFP. To evaluate MTs around the centrosome two approaches were used: path photobleaching across the centrosome area (Komarova et al., ) and sequential image subtraction analysis (Vorobjev et al., ). We show that about 50% of MTs had been nucleated at the centrosome are short-living: their mean length was 1.8 ± 0.8 μm and their life span - 7 ± 2 s. MTs initiated from the centrosome also rarely reach cell margin, since their elongation was limited and growth after shortening (rescue) was rare. After initial growth all MTs associated with the centrosome converted to pause or shortening. After pause MTs associated with the centrosome mainly depolymerized via the plus end shortening. Stability of the minus ends of cytoplasmic MTs was the same as for centrosomal ones. We conclude that in fibroblasts (1) the default behavior of free MTs in the cell interior is biased dynamic instability (i.e., random walk of the plus ends with significant positive drift); (2) MTs born at the centrosome show "dynamic instability" type behavior with no boundary; and (3) that the extended radial array is formed predominantly by MTs not associated with the centrosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina B Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatyana Berezinskaya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Gary G Borisy
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ivan A Vorobjev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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34
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Kása A, Csortos C, Verin AD. Cytoskeletal mechanisms regulating vascular endothelial barrier function in response to acute lung injury. Tissue Barriers 2015; 3:e974448. [PMID: 25838980 DOI: 10.4161/21688370.2014.974448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 10/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cells (EC) form a semi-permeable barrier between the interior space of blood vessels and the underlying tissues. In acute lung injury (ALI) the EC barrier is weakened leading to increased vascular permeability. It is widely accepted that EC barrier integrity is critically dependent upon intact cytoskeletal structure and cell junctions. Edemagenic agonists, like thrombin or endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), induced cytoskeletal rearrangement, and EC contractile responses leading to disruption of intercellular contacts and EC permeability increase. The highly clinically-relevant cytoskeletal mechanisms of EC barrier dysfunction are currently under intense investigation and will be described and discussed in the current review.
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Key Words
- AJ, adherens junction
- ALI, Acute Lung Injury
- ARDS, Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
- CPI-17, PKC potentiated inhibitory protein of 17 kDa
- CaD, caldesmon
- EC, endothelial cells
- GJ, gap junction
- HSP-27, small heat shock actin-capping protein of 27 kDa
- IL, interleukin
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- MLC, myosin light chain
- MLCK, Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM) dependent MLC kinase
- MLCP, myosin light chain phosphatase
- MT, microtubules
- MYPT1, myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1
- PKA, protein kinase A
- PKC, protein kinase C
- SM, smooth muscle
- TJ, tight junction
- TLR4, toll-like receptor 4
- TNFα, tumor necrosis factor α
- acute lung injury
- barrier function
- cytoskeleton
- endothelial junctions
- pulmonary endothelium
- thrombin
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Kása
- Vascular Biology Center; Georgia Regents University ; Augusta, GA USA
| | - Csilla Csortos
- Department of Medical Chemistry; Faculty of Medicine; University of Debrecen ; Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center; Georgia Regents University ; Augusta, GA USA ; Division of Pulmonary; Medicine Medical College of Georgia; Georgia Regents University; Augusta, GA USA
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35
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Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles impair endothelial integrity and inhibit nitric oxide production. Acta Biomater 2014; 10:4896-4911. [PMID: 25123083 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2014.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) are widely used both clinically and experimentally for diverse in vivo applications, such as contrast enhancement in magnetic resonance imaging, hyperthermia and drug delivery. Biomedical applications require particles to have defined physical and chemical properties, and to be stable in biological media. Despite a suggested low cytotoxic action, adverse reactions of SPION in concentrations relevant for biomedical use have not yet been studied in sufficient detail. In the present work we employed Endorem®, dextran-stabilized SPION approved as an intravenous contrast agent, and compared its action to a set of other nanoparticles with potential for magnetic resonance imaging applications. SPION in concentrations relevant for in vivo applications were rapidly taken up by endothelial cells and exhibited no direct cytotoxicity. Electric cell impedance sensing measurements demonstrated that SPION, but not BaSO4/Gd nanoparticles, impaired endothelial integrity, as was confirmed by increased intercellular gap formation in endothelial monolayers. These structural changes induced the subcellular translocation and inhibition of the cytoprotective and anti-atherosclerotic enzyme endothelial NO-synthase and reduced NO production. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory NO production of macrophages was not affected by SPION. In conclusion, our data suggest that SPION might substantially alter endothelial integrity and function at therapeutically relevant doses, which are not cytotoxic.
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Alieva IB. Role of microtubule cytoskeleton in regulation of endothelial barrier function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2014; 79:964-75. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297914090119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Shakhov AS, Verin AD, Alieva IB. Reorganization of endothelial cells cytoskeleton during formation of functional monolayer in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990519x14020096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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