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Kook E, Kim DH. Elucidating the Role of Lipid-Metabolism-Related Signal Transduction and Inhibitors in Skin Cancer. Metabolites 2024; 14:309. [PMID: 38921444 PMCID: PMC11205519 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14060309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipids, as multifunctional molecules, play a crucial role in a variety of cellular processes. These include regulating membrane glycoprotein functions, controlling membrane trafficking, influencing apoptotic pathways, and affecting drug transport. In addition, lipid metabolites can alter the surrounding microenvironment in ways that might encourage tumor progression. The reprogramming of lipid metabolism is pivotal in promoting tumorigenesis and cancer progression, with tumors often displaying significant changes in lipid profiles. This review concentrates on the essential factors that drive lipid metabolic reprogramming, which contributes to the advancement and drug resistance in melanoma. Moreover, we discuss recent advances and current therapeutic strategies that employ small-molecule inhibitors to target lipid metabolism in skin cancers, particularly those associated with inflammation and melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Do-Hee Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Kyonggi University, Suwon 16227, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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2
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Christakoudi S, Tsilidis KK, Riboli E. Prospective associations of leucocyte subtypes and obesity with the risk of developing cutaneous malignant melanoma in the UK Biobank cohort. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:625. [PMID: 38783251 PMCID: PMC11112846 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12344-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation, which is linked to cancer development. Abdominal obesity (a body mass index, ABSI), however, has unusually been associated inversely with cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM), while general obesity (body mass index, BMI) is associated positively. Leucocytes participate in inflammation and are higher in obesity, but prospective associations of leucocytes with cutaneous malignant melanoma are unclear. METHODS We examined the prospective associations of neutrophil, lymphocyte, and monocyte counts (each individually), as well as the prospective associations of ABSI and BMI, with cutaneous malignant melanoma in UK Biobank. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models and explored heterogeneity according to sex, menopausal status, age (≥ 50 years at recruitment), smoking status, ABSI (dichotomised at the median: ≥73.5 women; ≥79.8 men), BMI (normal weight, overweight, obese), and time to diagnosis. RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 10.2 years, 2174 CMM cases were ascertained in 398,450 participants. There was little evidence for associations with neutrophil or lymphocyte counts. Monocyte count, however, was associated inversely in participants overall (HR = 0.928; 95%CI: 0.888-0.971; per one standard deviation increase; SD = 0.144*109/L women; SD = 0.169*109/L men), specifically in older participants (HR = 0.906; 95%CI: 0.862-0.951), and more clearly in participants with low ABSI (HR = 0.880; 95%CI: 0.824-0.939), or with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (HR = 0.895; 95%CI: 0.837-0.958 for overweight; HR = 0.923; 95%CI: 0.848-1.005 for obese). ABSI was associated inversely in pre-menopausal women (HR = 0.810; 95%CI: 0.702-0.935; SD = 4.95) and men (HR = 0.925; 95%CI: 0.867-0.986; SD = 4.11). BMI was associated positively in men (HR = 1.148; 95%CI: 1.078-1.222; SD = 4.04 kg/m2). There was little evidence for heterogeneity according to smoking status. The associations with monocyte count and BMI were retained to at least 8 years prior to diagnosis, but the association with ABSI was observed up to 4 years prior to diagnosis and not for longer follow-up time. CONCLUSIONS Monocyte count is associated prospectively inversely with the risk of developing CMM in older individuals, while BMI is associated positively in men, suggesting a mechanistic involvement of factors related to monocytes and subcutaneous adipose tissue in melanoma development. An inverse association with ABSI closer to diagnosis may reflect reverse causality or glucocorticoid resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Christakoudi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK.
- Department of Inflammation Biology, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, White City Campus, 90 Wood Lane, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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3
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Wądzyńska J, Simiczyjew A, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Kot M, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. The impact of cellular elements of TME on melanoma biology and its sensitivity to EGFR and MET targeted therapy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2023; 1870:119549. [PMID: 37506884 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2023.119549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Microenvironment of the melanoma consists of cellular elements like fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes as well as extracellular matrix and physicochemical conditions. In our previous research, we have established that melanoma influences strongly above mentioned cells present in the tumor niche and recruits them to support cancer progression. In this work, we evaluated the impact of cancer-associated cells, namely fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes (CAAs), and keratinocytes (CAKs) on melanoma proliferation, signaling pathways activation, metabolism as well as the effectiveness of used anti-cancer therapy. Obtained results indicated elevated phosphorylation of STAT3, upregulated GLUT1 and GLUT3 as well as downregulated of MCT-1 expression level in melanoma cells under the influence of all examined cells present in the tumor niche. The proliferation of melanoma cells was increased after co-culture with CAFs and CAKs, while epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers' expression level was raised in the presence of CAFs and CAAs. The level of perilipin 2 and lipid content was elevated in melanoma cells under the influence of CAAs. Moreover, increased expression of CYP1A1, gene encoding drug metabolizing protein, in melanoma cells co-cultured with CAFs and CAKs prompted us to verify the effectiveness of the previously proposed by us anti-melanoma therapy based on combination of EGFR and MET inhibitors. Obtained results indicate that the designed therapy is still efficient, even if the fibroblasts, adipocytes, and keratinocytes, are present in the melanoma vicinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Wądzyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kot
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland.
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4
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Suman S, Markovic SN. Melanoma-derived mediators can foster the premetastatic niche: crossroad to lymphatic metastasis. Trends Immunol 2023; 44:724-743. [PMID: 37573226 PMCID: PMC10528107 DOI: 10.1016/j.it.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
The natural history of advanced malignant melanoma demonstrates that, in most cases, widespread tumor dissemination is preceded by regional metastases involving tumor-draining lymph nodes [sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs)]. Under physiological conditions, LNs play a central role in immunosurveillance to non-self-antigens to which they are exposed via afferent lymph. The dysfunctional immunity in SLNs is mediated by tumor secretory factors that allow the survival of metastatic melanoma cells within the LN by creating a premetastatic niche (PMN). Recent studies outline the altered microenvironment of LNs shaped by melanoma mediators. Here, we discuss tumor secretory factors involved in subverting tumor immunity and remodeling LNs and highlight emerging therapeutic strategies to reinvigorate antitumoral immunity in SLNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Svetomir N Markovic
- Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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5
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Simiczyjew A, Wądzyńska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Kot M, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Melanoma cells induce dedifferentiation and metabolic changes in adipocytes present in the tumor niche. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2023; 28:58. [PMID: 37481560 PMCID: PMC10363323 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-023-00476-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the factors that affect the progression of melanoma is the tumor microenvironment, which consists of cellular elements, extracellular matrix, acidification, and a hypoxic state. Adipocytes are one of the types of cell present in the niche and are localized in the deepest layer of the skin. However, the relationship between fat cells and melanoma remains unclear. METHODS We assessed the influence of melanoma cells on adipocytes using an indirect coculture system. We estimated the level of cancer-associated adipocyte (CAA) markers through quantitative PCR analysis. The fibroblastic phenotype of CAAs was confirmed by cell staining and western blotting analysis. The lipid content was estimated by lipid detection in CAAs using LipidSpot and by quantitative analysis using Oil Red O. The expression of proteins involved in lipid synthesis, delipidation, and metabolic processes were assessed through quantitative PCR or western blotting analysis. Lactate secretion was established using a Lactate-Glo™ assay. Proteins secreted by CAAs were identified in cytokine and angiogenesis arrays. The proliferation of melanoma cells cocultured with CAAs was assessed using an XTT proliferation assay. Statistical analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in GraphPad Prism 7 software. RESULTS Obtained CAAs were identified by decreased levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and FABP4. Adipocytes cocultured with melanoma presented fibroblastic features, such as a similar proteolytic pattern to that of 3T3L1 fibroblasts and increased levels of vimentin and TGFβRIII. Melanoma cells led to a reduction of lipid content in CAAs, possibly by downregulation of lipid synthesis pathways (lower FADS, SC4MOL, FASN) or enhancement of lipolysis (higher level of phosphorylation of ERK and STAT3). Adipocytes cocultured with melanoma cells secreted higher IL6 and SerpinE1 levels and produced less CCL2, CXCL1, and angiogenic molecules. CAAs also showed metabolic changes comprising the increased secretion of lactate and enhanced production of glucose, lactate, and ion transporters. In addition, changes in adipocytes observed following melanoma coculture resulted in a higher proliferation rate of cancer cells. CONCLUSIONS Melanoma cells led to decreased lipid content in adipocytes, which might be related to enhanced delipidation or reduction of lipid synthesis. Fibroblast-like CAAs showed metabolic changes that may be the reason for accelerated proliferation of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Justyna Wądzyńska
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Magdalena Kot
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
- Lower Silesian Oncology, Pulmonology, and Hematology Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, 50-383, Wroclaw, Poland
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Fei L, Cantini G, Nocentini A, Nardini P, Catarinicchia S, Canu L, Ercolino T, Quartararo G, Nesi G, Gacci M, Maggi M, Hantel C, Mannelli M, Supuran CT, Luconi M. Carbonic anhydrases III and IX are new players in the crosstalk between adrenocortical carcinoma and its altered adipose microenvironment. J Endocrinol Invest 2023:10.1007/s40618-023-02008-4. [PMID: 36646964 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02008-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy of the adrenocortex, is characterized by a crosstalk between the adipose microenvironment and tumor. Here, we assessed the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzymes III and IX (CAIII and CAIX), in the metabolic alterations of the adipose tissue characterizing obesity and in the local crosstalk between the tumor adipose microenvironment and ACC. RESULTS/METHODS CAIII and CAIX expression is altered in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) in obesity and in ACC. A significant CAIX upregulation was present in ACC at advanced stages (n = 14) (fold increase FI = 7.4 ± 0.1, P < 0.05) associated with lower CAIII levels (FI = 0.25 ± 0.06, P < 0.001), compared with lower stages (n = 9). In vitro coculture between visceral adipose stem cells (ASCs) and ACC cell lines, H295R and MUC-1, mimicking the interaction occurring between VAT and advanced ACC, showed a significant CAIX upregulation in H295R but not in MUC-1 cells, and a decreased expression of CAIII. The effect on adipose cells was different when cocultured with H295R or MUC-1 cells. Coculture did not modulate CAIII expression in ASCs, which, however, was significantly downregulated with H295R (FI = 0.34 ± 0.11, P < 0.05) and upregulated by MUC-1 when cocultured ASCs were induced to differentiate toward adipocytes, with an expression profile similar to what found in VAT of obese subjects. CAIX expression was markedly increased in ASCs cocultured with H295R and to a less extent following adipogenesis induction (FI = 150.9 ± 46.5 and FI = 4.6 ± 1.1, P < 0.01, respectively). CONCLUSION Our findings highlight a modulation of CAIII and CAIX in the metabolic crosstalk between ACC and its local adipose microenvironment, suggesting that CAs might represent a potential target for novel anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Fei
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Cantini
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - A Nocentini
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - P Nardini
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - S Catarinicchia
- Platform of Imaging, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - L Canu
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - T Ercolino
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - G Quartararo
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- General, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery Unit, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, Piazza Santa Maria Nuova, 1, 50122, Florence, Italy
| | - G Nesi
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Viale Pieraccini, 6, 50139, Florence, Italy
| | - M Gacci
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- Department of Minimally Invasive, Robotic Urologic Surgery & Kidney Transplantation, Careggi University Hospital (AOUC), Florence, Italy
| | - M Maggi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
| | - C Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ), University of Zurich (UZH), CH-8091, Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Mannelli
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy
| | - C T Supuran
- Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Neurofarba Department, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019, Florence, Italy
| | - M Luconi
- Endocrinology Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, 50139, Florence, Italy.
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, AOU Careggi, 50134, Florence, Italy.
- ENS@T Center of Excellence, Florence, Italy.
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Amalinei C, Grigoraș A, Lozneanu L, Căruntu ID, Giușcă SE, Balan RA. The Interplay between Tumour Microenvironment Components in Malignant Melanoma. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030365. [PMID: 35334544 PMCID: PMC8953474 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma has shown an increasing incidence during the last two decades, exhibiting a large spectrum of locations and clinicopathological characteristics. Although current histopathological, biochemical, immunohistochemical, and molecular methods provide a deep insight into its biological behaviour and outcome, melanoma is still an unpredictable disease, with poor outcome. This review of the literature is aimed at updating the knowledge regarding melanoma’s clinicopathological and molecular hallmarks, including its heterogeneity and plasticity, involving cancer stem cells population. A special focus is given on the interplay between different cellular components and their secretion products in melanoma, considering its contribution to tumour progression, invasion, metastasis, recurrences, and resistance to classical therapy. Furthermore, the influences of the specific tumour microenvironment or “inflammasome”, its association with adipose tissue products, including the release of “extracellular vesicles”, and distinct microbiota are currently studied, considering their influences on diagnosis and prognosis. An insight into melanoma’s particular features may reveal new molecular pathways which may be exploited in order to develop innovative therapeutic approaches or tailored therapy.
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Fonseca M, Soares R, Coelho P. Lower melanoma pulmonary metastatic burden in obese mice: role of FGF-21. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:515-525. [PMID: 34524221 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a risk factor for malignant melanoma. The lungs are main target organs for metastization and their immune response is a key modulator of this mechanism. The concept that the metastatic potential of some types of cancer is reduced or inhibited by obesity, known as the obesity paradox, drives major concerns on the prognosis of metastasized patients. The aim of this study was to investigate how high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity affects melanoma metastization. C57Bl6/J mice were fed with HFD or standard diet for 180 days and inoculated intravenously with B16F10 melanoma cells. Upon 21 days of inoculation, lung tissue of overweight and lean mice was assessed for histology and immunohistochemistry assays. Adipokine antibody arrays were performed in mice serum. In vitro RAW 264.7 macrophage cultures were established and incubated with FGF-21 and/or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Conditioned media was added to B16F10 cells for viability quantification. HFD-fed mice presented a reduced number of metastases with lower proliferative rates. The high content of inflammatory foci observed in noninoculated obese mice was significantly decreased upon B16F10 inoculation, concurrent with a slight fibrosis reduction. Plasma levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF-21), an endocrine regulator, were elevated in noninoculated HFD mice and the expression of FGF receptor 1 (FGFR-1) was significantly upregulated after inoculation. FGF-21 reduced melanoma viability in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Altogether, these findings suggest that higher amounts of FGF-21 are able to counterbalance the proinflammatory effects associated with obesity, protecting the lungs from melanoma metastization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Fonseca
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
| | - Raquel Soares
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
- Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Coelho
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto
- Metabesity Research Group, I3S, Institute for Investigation and Innovation in Health, University of Porto
- Chemical Sciences and Biomolecules, School of Health, Polytechnic Institute of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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9
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Cassano N, Caccavale S, Vena GA, Argenziano G. Body Mass Index and Melanoma Prognosis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2021; 11:e2021106. [PMID: 34631264 DOI: 10.5826/dpc.1104a106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity has been suggested as a risk factor in the progression of malignancies, including melanoma. Most studies defined obesity using body mass index (BMI), although the index is considered an imperfect measure of body composition. Objective The aim of this article is to examine whether BMI can impact on the prognosis of cutaneous melanoma, regardless of anti-tumor therapy. The relationship between BMI and specific prognostic factors in melanoma patients has been reviewed. Methods Literature search was conducted on PubMed using the terms "melanoma" and "body mass index" or "obesity". We selected articles, published up to 30 November 2020, examining the prognostic aspects of melanoma. Articles evaluating the risk and incidence of melanoma were excluded as well as studies regarding morbidity and complications following surgical procedures, or those performed in metastatic melanoma patients treated with anti-tumor therapies. Results Mixed results have emerged from studies assessing the clinical outcomes in melanoma patients in relation to BMI. More consistent data seem to support the relationship between BMI and Breslow thickness. Conclusions Studies that focus specifically on the link between obesity and melanoma prognosis are limited; further research is needed to deepen our knowledge on this link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoletta Cassano
- Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Bari, Italy.,Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Barletta, Italy
| | - Stefano Caccavale
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gino A Vena
- Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Bari, Italy.,Dermatology and Venereology Private Practice, Barletta, Italy
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Olszańska J, Pietraszek-Gremplewicz K, Nowak D. Melanoma Progression under Obesity: Focus on Adipokines. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092281. [PMID: 34068679 PMCID: PMC8126042 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Obesity is a rapidly growing public health problem and the reason for numerous diseases in the human body, including cancer. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of molecules secreted by adipose tissue-adipokines on melanoma progression. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Abstract Obesity is a growing problem in the world and is one of the risk factors of various cancers. Among these cancers is melanoma, which accounts for the majority of skin tumor deaths. Current studies are looking for a correlation between obesity and melanoma. They suspect that a potential cause of its development is connected to the biology of adipokines, active molecules secreted by adipose tissue. Under physiological conditions, adipokines control many processes, including lipid and glucose homeostasis, insulin sensitivity, angiogenesis, and inflammations. However, when there is an increased amount of fat in the body, their secretion is dysregulated. This article reviews the current knowledge of the effect of adipokines on melanoma growth. This work focuses on the molecular pathways by which adipose tissue secreted molecules modify the angiogenesis, migration, invasion, proliferation, and death of melanoma cells. We also discuss the role of these factors as markers of incidence, metastasis, and melanoma patient survival. Understanding the functions of adipokines will lead to knowledge of whether and how obesity promotes melanoma growth. Further studies may contribute to the innovations of therapies and the use of adipokines as predictive and/or prognostic biomarkers.
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Mazurkiewicz J, Simiczyjew A, Dratkiewicz E, Ziętek M, Matkowski R, Nowak D. Stromal Cells Present in the Melanoma Niche Affect Tumor Invasiveness and Its Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:E529. [PMID: 33430277 PMCID: PMC7825728 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant melanoma is a highly metastatic type of cancer, which arises frequently from transformed pigment cells and melanocytes as a result of long-term UV radiation exposure. In recent years, the incidence of newly diagnosed melanoma patients reached 5% of all cancer cases. Despite the development of novel targeted therapies directed against melanoma-specific markers, patients' response to treatment is often weak or short-term due to a rapid acquisition of drug resistance. Among the factors affecting therapy effectiveness, elements of the tumor microenvironment play a major role. Melanoma niche encompasses adjacent cells, such as keratinocytes, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), adipocytes, and immune cells, as well as components of the extracellular matrix and tumor-specific physicochemical properties. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning the influence of cancer-associated cells (keratinocytes, CAFs, adipocytes) on the process of melanomagenesis, tumor progression, invasiveness, and the emergence of drug resistance in melanoma. We also address how melanoma can alter the differentiation and activation status of cells present in the tumor microenvironment. Understanding these complex interactions between malignant and cancer-associated cells could improve the development of effective antitumor therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Aleksandra Simiczyjew
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Ewelina Dratkiewicz
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
| | - Marcin Ziętek
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Rafał Matkowski
- Department of Oncology and Division of Surgical Oncology, Wroclaw Medical University, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland; (M.Z.); (R.M.)
- Wroclaw Comprehensive Cancer Center, Plac Hirszfelda 12, 53-413 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Cell Pathology, Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Wroclaw, Joliot-Curie 14a, 50-383 Wroclaw, Poland; (A.S.); (E.D.); (D.N.)
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12
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Bokobza E, Hinault C, Tiroille V, Clavel S, Bost F, Chevalier N. The Adipose Tissue at the Crosstalk Between EDCs and Cancer Development. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:691658. [PMID: 34354670 PMCID: PMC8329539 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.691658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a major public health concern at the origin of many pathologies, including cancers. Among them, the incidence of gastro-intestinal tract cancers is significantly increased, as well as the one of hormone-dependent cancers. The metabolic changes caused by overweight mainly with the development of adipose tissue (AT), insulin resistance and chronic inflammation induce hormonal and/or growth factor imbalances, which impact cell proliferation and differentiation. AT is now considered as the main internal source of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) representing a low level systemic chronic exposure. Some EDCs are non-metabolizable and can accumulate in AT for a long time. We are chronically exposed to low doses of EDCs able to interfere with the endocrine metabolism of the body. Importantly, several EDCs have been involved in the genesis of obesity affecting profoundly the physiology of AT. In parallel, EDCs have been implicated in the development of cancers, in particular hormone-dependent cancers (prostate, testis, breast, endometrium, thyroid). While it is now well established that AT secretes adipocytokines that promote tumor progression, it is less clear whether they can initiate cancer. Therefore, it is important to better understand the effects of EDCs, and to investigate the buffering effect of AT in the context of progression but also initiation of cancer cells using adequate models recommended to uncover and validate these mechanisms for humans. We will review and argument here the potential role of AT as a crosstalk between EDCs and hormone-dependent cancer development, and how to assess it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bokobza
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Charlotte Hinault
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | | | | | - Frédéric Bost
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
| | - Nicolas Chevalier
- Université Côte d’Azur, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- Université Côte d’Azur, CHU, INSERM U1065, C3M, Nice, France
- *Correspondence: Nicolas Chevalier, ;
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13
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Annett S, Moore G, Robson T. Obesity and Cancer Metastasis: Molecular and Translational Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3798. [PMID: 33339340 PMCID: PMC7766668 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12123798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a modern health problem that has reached pandemic proportions. It is an established risk factor for carcinogenesis, however, evidence for the contribution of adipose tissue to the metastatic behavior of tumors is also mounting. Over 90% of cancer mortality is attributed to metastasis and metastatic tumor cells must communicate with their microenvironment for survival. Many of the characteristics observed in obese adipose tissue strongly mirror the tumor microenvironment. Thus in the case of prostate, pancreatic and breast cancer and esophageal adenocarcinoma, which are all located in close anatomical proximity to an adipose tissue depot, the adjacent fat provides an ideal microenvironment to enhance tumor growth, progression and metastasis. Adipocytes provide adipokines, fatty acids and other soluble factors to tumor cells whilst immune cells infiltrate the tumor microenvironment. In addition, there are emerging studies on the role of the extracellular vesicles secreted from adipose tissue, and the extracellular matrix itself, as drivers of obesity-induced metastasis. In the present review, we discuss the major mechanisms responsible for the obesity-metastatic link. Furthermore, understanding these complex mechanisms will provide novel therapies to halt the tumor-adipose tissue crosstalk with the ultimate aim of inhibiting tumor progression and metastatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tracy Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Science, 123 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin D02 YN77, Ireland; (S.A.); (G.M.)
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14
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MicroRNA-21-Enriched Exosomes as Epigenetic Regulators in Melanomagenesis and Melanoma Progression: The Impact of Western Lifestyle Factors. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082111. [PMID: 32751207 PMCID: PMC7464294 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA mutation-induced activation of RAS-BRAF-MEK-ERK signaling associated with intermittent or chronic ultraviolet (UV) irradiation cannot exclusively explain the excessive increase of malignant melanoma (MM) incidence since the 1950s. Malignant conversion of a melanocyte to an MM cell and metastatic MM is associated with a steady increase in microRNA-21 (miR-21). At the epigenetic level, miR-21 inhibits key tumor suppressors of the RAS-BRAF signaling pathway enhancing proliferation and MM progression. Increased MM cell levels of miR-21 either result from endogenous upregulation of melanocytic miR-21 expression or by uptake of miR-21-enriched exogenous exosomes. Based on epidemiological data and translational evidence, this review provides deeper insights into environmentally and metabolically induced exosomal miR-21 trafficking beyond UV-irradiation in melanomagenesis and MM progression. Sources of miR-21-enriched exosomes include UV-irradiated keratinocytes, adipocyte-derived exosomes in obesity, airway epithelium-derived exosomes generated by smoking and pollution, diet-related exosomes and inflammation-induced exosomes, which may synergistically increase the exosomal miR-21 burden of the melanocyte, the transformed MM cell and its tumor environment. Several therapeutic agents that suppress MM cell growth and proliferation attenuate miR-21 expression. These include miR-21 antagonists, metformin, kinase inhibitors, beta-blockers, vitamin D, and plant-derived bioactive compounds, which may represent new options for the prevention and treatment of MM.
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15
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Duarte MF, Luis C, Baylina P, Faria MI, Fernandes R, La Fuente JM. Clinical and metabolic implications of obesity in prostate cancer: is testosterone a missing link? Aging Male 2019; 22:228-240. [PMID: 30354924 DOI: 10.1080/13685538.2018.1519695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess sex hormones in men with obesity and prostate cancer (PCa) and to study association between androgens and the pathogenesis biology of PCa in vitro. Subjects and methods: One hundred and eighty-one men older than 45 years selected from of a population attending to Urology departments screening for PCa, (78 participants without PCa and 103 patients with PCa). All participants were assessed for body mass index (BMI), age, Gleason score, and PSA. Endocrine profile was determined for LH, total testosterone (TT), 17β-estradiol (E2), prolactin and leptin. Biochemical profile (HbA1c, triacylglycerols and lipoproteins) was also determined. In vitro experiments were also performed, involving the study of 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) and E2 in the presence of adipocyte-conditioned medium (aCM). Results: All variables were continuous and described a Gaussian distribution unless mentioned. To determine the relation of aggressiveness, variable were transformed into categories. Thus, PCa aggressiveness is associated with the increase of age and BMI (p < .0001) but with is decreased with TT and E2 (p < .05). Moreover, adipocyte-secreted molecules increase aggressiveness of PCa cells in vitro. Lastly, DTH but not E2 enables invasiveness in vitro. Conclusions: It was observed a coexistence of hormone axis profile alteration with sex hormones and BMI in PCa patients, in accordance with the new perspective of PCa pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M F Duarte
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP) , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - C Luis
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - P Baylina
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
| | - M I Faria
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) , Santiago de Compostela , España
| | - R Fernandes
- Politécnico do Porto, Escola Superior de Saúde , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela (USC) , Santiago de Compostela , España
| | - J M La Fuente
- Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto (CHUP) , Porto , Portugal
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
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16
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Oliveira S, Costa J, Faria I, Guerreiro SG, Fernandes R. Vitamin A Enhances Macrophages Activity Against B16-F10 Malignant Melanocytes: A New Player for Cancer Immunotherapy? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2019; 55:E604. [PMID: 31540438 PMCID: PMC6780654 DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives: The incidence of cutaneous melanoma has been increasing. Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer irresponsive to radiation and chemotherapy, rendering this cancer a disease with poor prognosis: In order to surpass some of the limitations addressed to melanoma treatment, alternatives like vitamins have been investigated. In the present study, we address this relationship and investigate the possible role of vitamin A. Materials and Methods: We perform a co-culture assay using a macrophage cell model and RAW 264.7 from mouse, and also a murine melanoma cell line B16-F10. Macrophages were stimulated with both Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) as control, and also with LPS plus vitamin A. Results: Using B16-F10 and RAW 264.7 cell lines, we were able to demonstrate that low concentrations of vitamin A increase cytotoxic activity of macrophages, whereas higher concentrations have the opposite effect. Conclusion: These findings can constitute a new point of view related to immunostimulation by nutrients, which may be considered one major preventive strategy by enhancing the natural defense system of the body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Oliveira
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - José Costa
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Faria
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Susana G Guerreiro
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto University, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto (FMUP), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Porto (FCNAUP), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- School of Health, Porto Polytechnic (ESS, P. Porto), 4200 Porto, Portugal.
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), Porto University, 4200 Porto, Portugal.
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17
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Golan T, Parikh R, Jacob E, Vaknine H, Zemser-Werner V, Hershkovitz D, Malcov H, Leibou S, Reichman H, Sheinboim D, Percik R, Amar S, Brenner R, Greenberger S, Kung A, Khaled M, Levy C. Adipocytes sensitize melanoma cells to environmental TGF-β cues by repressing the expression of miR-211. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/591/eaav6847. [PMID: 31337739 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aav6847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily members are critical signals in tissue homeostasis and pathogenesis. Melanoma grows in the epidermis and invades the dermis before metastasizing. This disease progression is accompanied by increased sensitivity to microenvironmental TGF-β. Here, we found that skin fat cells (adipocytes) promoted metastatic initiation by sensitizing melanoma cells to TGF-β. Analysis of melanoma clinical samples revealed that adipocytes, usually located in the deeper hypodermis layer, were present in the upper dermis layer within proximity to in situ melanoma cells, an observation that correlated with disease aggressiveness. In a coculture system, adipocytes secreted the cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α, which induced a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in melanoma cells by repressing the expression of the microRNA miR-211. In a xenograft model, miR-211 exhibited a dual role in melanoma progression, promoting cell proliferation while inhibiting metastatic spread. Bioinformatics and molecular analyses indicated that miR-211 directly targeted and repressed the translation of TGFBR1 mRNA, which encodes the type I TGF-β receptor. Hence, through this axis of cytokine-mediated repression of miR-211, adipocytes increased the abundance of the TGF-β receptor in melanoma cells, thereby enhancing cellular responsiveness to TGF-β ligands. The induction of TGF-β signaling, in turn, resulted in a proliferative-to-invasive phenotypic switch in cultured melanoma cells. Pharmacological inhibition of TGF-β prevented these effects. Our findings further reveal a molecular link between fat cells and metastatic progression in melanoma that might be therapeutically targeted in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamar Golan
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Roma Parikh
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Etai Jacob
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan 5290002, Israel.,Department of Structural Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel.,Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Hananya Vaknine
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Dov Hershkovitz
- Institute of Pathology, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hagar Malcov
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Stav Leibou
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Hadar Reichman
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Danna Sheinboim
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Ruth Percik
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.,Institute of Endocrinology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sarah Amar
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | - Ronen Brenner
- Institute of Pathology, E. Wolfson Medical Center, Holon 58100, Israel
| | | | - Andrew Kung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Mehdi Khaled
- INSERM 1186, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Carmit Levy
- Department of Human Genetics and Biochemistry, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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18
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Chan CC, Damen MSMA, Alarcon PC, Sanchez-Gurmaches J, Divanovic S. Inflammation and Immunity: From an Adipocyte's Perspective. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2019; 39:459-471. [PMID: 30920343 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2019.0014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Comprehension of adipocyte function has evolved beyond a long-held belief of their inert nature, as simple energy storing and releasing cells. Adipocytes, including white, brown, and beige, are capable mediators of global metabolic health, but their intersection with inflammation is a budding field of exploration. Evidence hints at a reciprocal relationship adipocytes share with immune cells. Adipocyte's capacity to behave in an "immune-like" manner and ability to sense inflammatory cues that subsequently alter core adipocyte function might play an important role in shaping immune responses. Clarifying this intricate relationship could uncover previously underappreciated contribution of adipocytes to inflammation-driven human health and disease. In this review, we highlight the potential of largely underappreciated adipocyte "immune-like" function and how it may contribute to inflammation, immunity, and pathology of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Calvin C Chan
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Michelle S M A Damen
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Pablo C Alarcon
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Joan Sanchez-Gurmaches
- 2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,4Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,5Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Senad Divanovic
- 1Medical Scientist Training Program, Immunology Graduate Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,2Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio.,3Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio.,6Division of Center for Inflammation and Tolerance, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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19
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Almeida J, Costa J, Coelho P, Cea V, Galesio M, Noronha JP, Diniz MS, Prudêncio C, Soares R, Sala C, Fernandes R. Adipocyte proteome and secretome influence inflammatory and hormone pathways in glioma. Metab Brain Dis 2019; 34:141-152. [PMID: 30302719 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0327-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Gliomas represent the most common primary malignant brain tumors in adults, with an extremely poor prognosis. Among several risk factors, lifestyle was also recently identified as a major risk factor for the development of primary glioma. In the present study, we explore the relationship between obesity and glioma in a cellular model. Thus, we have study the influence of adipocytes secretome on glioma cell line GL261. Using the 3T3-L1 adipocyte cell line, and its conditioned medium (adipokines-enriched medium), we showed that adipocyte-released factors relate with glioma angiogenic, growth, hormones and metabolic behavior by MALDI-TOF-MS and proteomic array analysis. In a first view, STI1, hnRNPs and PGK1 are under expressed on CGl. Similarly, both carbonic anhydrase and aldose reductase are even suppressed in glioma cells that grown under adipokines-enriched environment. Contrariwise, RFC1, KIF5C, ANXA2, N-RAP and RACK1 are overexpressed in GL261 cell the in the presence of the adipokines-enriched medium. We further identified the factors that are released by adipocyte cells, and revealed that several pro-inflammatory and angiogenic factors, such as IL-6, IL-11, LIF, PAI-1, TNF-α, endocan, HGF, VEGF IGF-I, were secreted to the medium into a high extent, whereas TIMP-1 and SerpinE1 were under expressed on CGl. This study discloses an interesting in vitro model for the study of glioma biology under a "obesity" environment, that can be explored for the understanding of cancer cells biology, for the search of biomarkers, prognostic markers and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Almeida
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - J Costa
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P Coelho
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Unit of Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology, i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - V Cea
- CNR Neuroscience Institute Milan, and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - M Galesio
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Fine Chemistry and Biotechnology, NOVA University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - J P Noronha
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Fine Chemistry and Biotechnology, NOVA University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - M S Diniz
- REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Centre for Fine Chemistry and Biotechnology, NOVA University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - C Prudêncio
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - R Soares
- Unit of Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology, i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Unit of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - C Sala
- CNR Neuroscience Institute Milan, and Department of Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- School of Health, Polytechnic of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Unit of Metabolism, Nutrition and Endocrinology, i3S, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
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20
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Del Cornò M, Conti L, Gessani S. Innate Lymphocytes in Adipose Tissue Homeostasis and Their Alterations in Obesity and Colorectal Cancer. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2556. [PMID: 30455701 PMCID: PMC6230679 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and a leading cause of death, with burden expected to increase in the coming years. Enhanced adiposity, particularly visceral fat, is associated with increased cancer incidence representing an important indicator of survival, prognosis, recurrence rates, and response to therapy for several tumors including CRC. Compelling evidence has been achieved that the low-grade chronic inflammation characterizing obesity represents a main factor that can favor carcinogenesis. Adipocytes and adipose tissue (AT) infiltrating immune cells contribute to obesity-related inflammation by releasing soluble factors affecting, both locally and systemically, the function of several cell types, including immune and cancer cells. The unbalanced production of immune mediators as well as the profound changes in the repertoire and activation state of immune cells in AT of obese subjects represent key events in the processes that set the basis for a pro-tumorigenic microenvironment. AT harbors a unique profile of immune cells of different origin that play an important role in tissue homeostasis. Among these, tissue-resident innate lymphocytes are emerging as important AT components whose depletion/aberrant activation occurring in obesity could have an impact on inflammation and immune-surveillance against tumors. However, a direct link between obesity-induced dysfunction and cancer development has not been demonstrated yet. In this review, we provide an overview of human obesity- and CRC-induced alterations of blood and adipose tissue-associated innate lymphocytes, and discuss how the adipose tissue microenvironment in obesity might influence the development of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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21
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Li FF, Zhang H, Li JJ, Cao YN, Dong X, Gao C. Interaction with adipocytes induces lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell migration and tumor growth. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:1973-1980. [PMID: 29956800 PMCID: PMC6072224 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipocytes have been demonstrated to promote the progression of various tumors through modulation of cancer cell metabolism. However, their role in lung cancer progression remains undetermined. In the present study, adipocytes and lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells were cultured in a Transwell co‑culture system. Cancer cells were additionally cultured in conditioned medium, obtained from adipocytes or co‑cultured cells. A MTT and colony formation assay were performed to assess A549 cell proliferation. The expression of epithelial‑mesenchymal transition protein markers E‑cadherin and vimentin were measured by western blotting. A549 cell migration and invasion was determined with wound healing, Transwell and Matrigel assays. Oil Red‑O staining was used to evaluate intracellular lipid content. Colorimetric assays were utilized to detect free fatty acid, glucose uptake, lactate production and triglyceride content in cells. The results revealed a reciprocal interaction between adipocytes and A549 cells, which significantly enhanced A549 cell proliferation and metastasis; whereas, the expression of E‑cadherin was decreased and vimentin was increased in A549 cells. Additionally, A549 cells exhibited metabolic reprogramming in vitro following co‑culture with adipocytes. It was demonstrated that lipid droplets accumulation, glucose consumption and lactate production increased in tumor cells exposed to adipocytes. Furthermore, adipocytes co‑cultured with A549 cells exhibited a decrease in the number and size of lipid droplets, a decrease in the intracellular triglyceride content and a significant increase in the release of free fatty acids. These findings highlighted the crucial role of adipocytes in the modulation of lung adenocarcinoma A549 cell metabolism and suggested the involvement of adipocytes in lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Fan Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Nan Cao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Dong
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
| | - Cong Gao
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230601, P.R. China
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22
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Del Cornò M, D'Archivio M, Conti L, Scazzocchio B, Varì R, Donninelli G, Varano B, Giammarioli S, De Meo S, Silecchia G, Pennestrì F, Persiani R, Masella R, Gessani S. Visceral fat adipocytes from obese and colorectal cancer subjects exhibit distinct secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profiles and deliver immunosuppressive signals to innate immunity cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:63093-63105. [PMID: 27494857 PMCID: PMC5325349 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a low-grade chronic inflammatory state representing an important risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Adipocytes strongly contribute to inflammation by producing inflammatory mediators. In this study we investigated the role of human visceral fat adipocytes in regulating the functions of innate immunity cells. Adipocyte-conditioned media (ACM) from obese (n = 14) and CRC (lean, n = 14; obese, n = 13) subjects released higher levels of pro-inflammatory/immunoregulatory factors as compared to ACM from healthy lean subjects (n = 13). Dendritic cells (DC), differentiated in the presence of ACM from obese and CRC subjects, expressed elevated levels of the inhibitory molecules PD-L1 and PD-L2, and showed a reduced IL-12/IL-10 ratio in response to both TLR ligand- and γδ T lymphocyte-induced maturation. Furthermore, CRC patient-derived ACM inhibited DC-mediated γδ T cell activation. The immunosuppressive signals delivered by ACM from obese and CRC individuals were associated with a pro-inflammatory secretory and ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acid profile of adipocytes. Interestingly, STAT3 activation in adipocytes correlated with dihomo-γlinolenic acid content and was further induced by arachidonic acid, which conversely down-modulated PPARγ. These results provide novel evidence for a cross-talk between human adipocytes and innate immunity cells whose alteration in obesity and CRC may lead to immune dysfunctions, thus setting the basis for cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Del Cornò
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo D'Archivio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Conti
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Beatrice Scazzocchio
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Rosaria Varì
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gloria Donninelli
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Varano
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefania Giammarioli
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone De Meo
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Silecchia
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotecnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Roberta Masella
- Departments of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Sandra Gessani
- Departments of Hematology, Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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23
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Song H, Lim DY, Jung JI, Cho HJ, Park SY, Kwon GT, Kang YH, Lee KW, Choi MS, Park JHY. Dietary oleuropein inhibits tumor angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis in the B16F10 melanoma allograft model: a mechanism for the suppression of high-fat diet-induced solid tumor growth and lymph node metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 8:32027-32042. [PMID: 28410190 PMCID: PMC5458266 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity stimulates melanoma progression in the B16F10 allograft model. In this study, we examined whether oleuropein (OL), the most abundant phenolic compound in olives, inhibits HFD-induced melanoma progression. Four-week-old male C57BL/6N mice were fed a HFD-diet with or without OL. After 16 weeks of feeding, B16F10-luc cells were subcutaneously injected and the primary tumor was resected 3 weeks later. OL suppressed HFD-induced solid tumor growth. In the tumor tissues, OL reduced HFD-induced expression of angiogenesis (CD31, VE-cadherin, VEGF-A, and VEGFR2), lymphangiogenesis (LYVE-1, VEGF-C, VEGF-D, and VEGFR3), and hypoxia (HIF-1α and GLUT-1) markers as well as HFD-induced increases in lipid vacuoles and M2 macrophages (MΦs). All animals were euthanized 2.5 weeks after tumor resection. OL suppressed HFD-induced increases in lymph node (LN) metastasis; expression of VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D in the LN; and M2-MΦs and the size of adipocytes in adipose tissues surrounding LNs. Co-culture results revealed that the crosstalk between B16F10s, M2-MΦs, and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells under hypoxic conditions increased the secretion of VEGF-A and -D, which stimulated tube formation and migration of endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lymphatic endothelial cells (LEC), respectively. Additionally, OL directly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and tube formation by HUVECs and LECs. The overall results indicated that dietary OL inhibits lipid and M2-MΦ accumulation in HFD-fed mice, which contributes to decreases in VEGF secretion, thereby leading to inhibition of angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerim Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Do Young Lim
- The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN 55912, USA
| | - Jae In Jung
- Division of Bio-Imaging, Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Han Jin Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - So Young Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoo Taik Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.,Berry and Biofood Research Institute, Jeonbuk 56417, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Won Lee
- WCU Biomodulation Major, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Han Yoon Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon 24252, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Seoul National University, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea.,Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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24
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Whole-body imaging of lymphovascular niches identifies pre-metastatic roles of midkine. Nature 2017; 546:676-680. [PMID: 28658220 DOI: 10.1038/nature22977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cutaneous melanoma is a type of cancer with an inherent potential for lymph node colonization, which is generally preceded by neolymphangiogenesis. However, sentinel lymph node removal does not necessarily extend the overall survival of patients with melanoma. Moreover, lymphatic vessels collapse and become dysfunctional as melanomas progress. Therefore, it is unclear whether (and how) lymphangiogenesis contributes to visceral metastasis. Soluble and vesicle-associated proteins secreted by tumours and/or their stroma have been proposed to condition pre-metastatic sites in patients with melanoma. Still, the identities and prognostic value of lymphangiogenic mediators remain unclear. Moreover, our understanding of lymphangiogenesis (in melanomas and other tumour types) is limited by the paucity of mouse models for live imaging of distal pre-metastatic niches. Injectable lymphatic tracers have been developed, but their limited diffusion precludes whole-body imaging at visceral sites. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3 (VEGFR3) is an attractive 'lymphoreporter' because its expression is strongly downregulated in normal adult lymphatic endothelial cells, but is activated in pathological situations such as inflammation and cancer. Here, we exploit this inducibility of VEGFR3 to engineer mouse melanoma models for whole-body imaging of metastasis generated by human cells, clinical biopsies or endogenously deregulated oncogenic pathways. This strategy revealed early induction of distal pre-metastatic niches uncoupled from lymphangiogenesis at primary lesions. Analyses of the melanoma secretome and validation in clinical specimens showed that the heparin-binding factor midkine is a systemic inducer of neo-lymphangiogenesis that defines patient prognosis. This role of midkine was linked to a paracrine activation of the mTOR pathway in lymphatic endothelial cells. These data support the use of VEGFR3 reporter mice as a 'MetAlert' discovery platform for drivers and inhibitors of metastasis.
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25
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Coelho P, Silva L, Faria I, Vieria M, Monteiro A, Pinto G, Prudêncio C, Fernandes R, Soares R. Adipocyte Secretome Increases Radioresistance of Malignant Melanocytes by Improving Cell Survival and Decreasing Oxidative Status. Radiat Res 2017; 187:581-588. [PMID: 28362167 DOI: 10.1667/rr14551.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy is a treatment option for the majority of malignancies. However, because melanoma is known to be radioresistant, the use of ionizing radiation as an adjuvant therapy in cutaneous melanoma patients is ineffective. Obesity has now been recognized as a risk factor for melanoma. High adiposity is generally associated with a more pro-oxidative status. Oxidative stress is a major player in radiation therapy and also a common link between obesity and cancer. Several adipocyte-released proteins are known to have a role in controlling cellular growth and pro-survival signaling. For that reason, we investigated the influence of 3T3-L1 mature adipocyte secretome in B16-F10 malignant melanocyte radiosensitivity. We evaluated B16-F10 cell survival and redox homeostasis when exposed to four daily doses of ionizing radiation (2 Gy per day) up to a total of 8 Gy in a medical linear accelerator. B16-F10 melanocytes exhibited slight alterations in survival, catalase activity, nitrative stress and total oxidant concentration after the first 2 Gy irradiation. The motility of the melanocytes was also delayed by ionizing radiation. Subsequent irradiations of the malignant melanocytes led to more prominent reductions in overall survival. Remarkably, 3T3-L1 adipocyte-secreted molecules were able to increase the viability and migration of melanocytes, as well as lessen the pro-oxidant burden induced by both the single and cumulative X-ray doses. In vitro adipocyte-released factors protected B16-F10 malignant melanocytes from both oxidative stress and loss of viability triggered by radiation, enhancing the radioresistant phenotype of these cells with a concomitant activation of the AKT signaling pathway. These results both help to elucidate how obesity influences melanoma radioresistance and support the usage of conventional medical linear accelerators as a valid model for the in vitro radiobiological study of tumor cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Coelho
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Liliana Silva
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Isabel Faria
- d Radioterapia, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Portugal
| | - Mónica Vieria
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Armanda Monteiro
- e Serviço de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gabriela Pinto
- e Serviço de Radioterapia, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina Prudêncio
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Rúben Fernandes
- b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal.,c Ciências Químicas e Biomoléculas, CISA
| | - Raquel Soares
- a Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal.,b Instituto de Inovação e Investigação em Saúde, University of Porto, Portugal
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26
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Oliveira S, Coelho P, Prudêncio C, Vieira M, Soares R, Guerreiro SG, Fernandes R. Melanoma and obesity: Should antioxidant vitamins be addressed? Life Sci 2016; 165:83-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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