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Liang C, Lv H, Liu W, Wang Q, Yao X, Li X, Hu Z, Wang J, Zhu L, Wang J. Mechanism of the adverse outcome of Chlorella vulgaris exposure to diethyl phthalate: Water environmental health reflected by primary producer toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168876. [PMID: 38013100 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
As a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic environments, diethyl phthalate (DEP) is a major threat to ecosystems because of its increasing utilization. However, the ecological responses to and toxicity mechanisms of DEP in aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. To address this environmental concern, we selected Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) as a model organism and investigated the toxicological effects of environmentally relevant DEP concentrations at the individual, physiological, biochemical, and molecular levels. Results showed that the incorporation of DEP significantly inhibited the growth of C. vulgaris, with inhibition rates ranging from 10.3 % to 83.47 %, and disrupted intracellular chloroplast structure at the individual level, while the decrease in photosynthetic pigments, with inhibition rates ranging from 8.95 % to 73.27 %, and the imbalance of redox homeostasis implied an adverse effect of DEP at the physio-biochemical level. Furthermore, DEP significantly reduced the metabolic activity of algal cells and negatively altered the cell membrane integrity and mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the apoptosis rate of algal cells presented a significant dose-effect relationship, which was mainly attributed to the fact that DEP pollutants regulated Ca2+ homeostasis and further increased the expression of Caspase-8, Caspase-9, and Caspase-3, which are associated with internal and external pathways. The gene transcriptional expression profile further revealed that DEP-mediated toxicity in C. vulgaris was mainly related to the destruction of the photosynthetic system, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, and DNA replication. Overall, this study offers constructive understandings for a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity risks posed by DEP to C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Wenrong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Zhuran Hu
- Shandong Green and Blue Bio-technology Co. Ltd, Tai'an, China
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong 271018, PR China.
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2
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Han D, Guan L, Zhang Y, Yang H, Si L, Jia T, Wu Y, Lv K, Song T, Yang G. FGF13A interacts with NPM1 and UBF and inhibits the invasion of bladder cancer cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 678:1-10. [PMID: 37603967 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Bladder cancer (BC) invasion is a critical factor that impacts the prognosis and quality of life of patients. However, the underlying mechanisms of BC invasion is far from clear. Fibroblast growth factor 13 (FGF13), a non-secretory FGF, has been found to be ectopically expressed in various tumors and implicated in tumor development, but its potential association to BC has not been investigated. Here, we reported that the expression of FGF13A, one nucleolar isoform of FGF13, was downregulated in BC patients and negatively associated with tumor invasion. Additionally, we demonstrated that overexpression of FGF13A could inhibit the migration and invasion of BC 5637 and T24 cells. We also confirmed the localization of FGF13A in the nucleolus and its interaction with nucleoproteins NPM1 and UBP. Subsequently, we identified that the N-terminal region of FGF13A was essential for its nucleolus location and interaction with NPM1. Furthermore, we found that FGF13A inhibited the generation of nascent ribosomal RNA and suppressed the migration and invasion of BC cells through its N-terminal region. Our research establishes, for the first time, a correlation between the expression of FGF13A and the onset and progression of BC. This provides novel insights into the role of FGF13A in the development of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Han
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Guan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Central Theater General Hospital of PLA, Wuhan, Hubei Providence, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huan Yang
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libu Si
- Department of Ultrasound Diagnosis, Daping Hospital, Army Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tongyu Jia
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yangyang Wu
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kaikai Lv
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Song
- Senior Department of Urology, The Third Medical Center of PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Kasahara K, Muramatsu J, Kurashina Y, Miura S, Miyata S, Onoe H. Spatiotemporal single-cell tracking analysis in 3D tissues to reveal heterogeneous cellular response to mechanical stimuli. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadf9917. [PMID: 37831766 PMCID: PMC10575577 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adf9917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical stimuli have been recognized as important for tissue maturation, homeostasis and constructing engineered three-dimensional (3D) tissues. However, we know little about the cellular mechanical response in tissues that could be considerably heterogeneous and spatiotemporally dynamic due to the complex structure of tissues. Here, we report a spatiotemporal single-cell tracking analysis of in vitro 3D tissues under mechanical stretch, to reveal the heterogeneous cellular behavior by using a developed stretch and optical live imaging system. The system could affect the cellular orientation and directly measure the distance of cells in in vitro 3D myoblast tissues (3DMTs) at the single-cell level. Moreover, we observed the spatiotemporal heterogeneous cellular locomotion and shape changes under mechanical stretch in 3DMTs. This single-cell tracking analysis can become a principal method to investigate the heterogeneous cellular response in tissues and provide insights that conventional analyses have not yet offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keitaro Kasahara
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Jumpei Muramatsu
- School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Yuta Kurashina
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
- Division of Advanced Mechanical Systems Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Nakacho, Koganei-shi, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Shigenori Miura
- Department of Mechano-Informatics, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Shogo Miyata
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Onoe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522, Japan
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Wang T, Yan L, Wang L, Sun J, Qu H, Ma Y, Song R, Tong X, Zhu J, Yuan Y, Gu J, Bian J, Liu Z, Zou H. VPS41-mediated incomplete autophagy aggravates cadmium-induced apoptosis in mouse hepatocytes. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 459:132243. [PMID: 37562348 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.132243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to cadmium (Cd), an environmental heavy metal contaminant, is a serious threat to global health that increases the burden of liver diseases. Autophagy and apoptosis are important in Cd-induced liver injury. However, the regulatory mechanisms involved in the progression of Cd-induced liver damage are poorly understood. Herein, we investigated the role of vacuolar protein sorting 41 (VPS41) in Cd-induced autophagy and apoptosis in hepatocytes. We used targeted VPS41 regulation to elucidate the mechanism of Cd-induced hepatotoxicity. Our data showed that Cd triggered incomplete autophagy by downregulating VPS41, aggravating Cd-induced hepatocyte apoptosis. Mechanistically, Cd-induced VPS41 downregulation interfered with the mTORC1-TFEB/TFE3 axis, leading to an imbalance in autophagy initiation and termination and abnormal activation of autophagy. Moreover, Cd-induced downregulation of VPS41 inhibited autophagosome-lysosome fusion, leading to blocked autophagic flux. This triggers incomplete autophagy, which causes excessive P62 accumulation, accelerating Caspase-9 (CASP9) cleavage. Incomplete autophagy blocks clearance of cleaved CASP9 (CL-CASP9) via the autophagic pathway, promoting apoptosis. Notably, VPS41 overexpression alleviated Cd-induced incomplete autophagy and apoptosis, independent of the homotypic fusion and protein sorting complex. This study provides a new mechanistic understanding of the relationship between autophagy and apoptosis, suggesting that VPS41 is a new therapeutic target for Cd-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lianqi Yan
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410000, Hunan, China; Department of Orthopedics, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Subei People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Li Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jian Sun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huayi Qu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yonggang Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruilong Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xishuai Tong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiaqiao Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China.
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5
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Zhang Q, Liu G, Liu R, Liu J, Zeng X, Ren D, Yan X, Yuan X. Dual role of endoplasmic reticulum stress-ATF-6 activation in autophagy and apoptosis induced by cyclic stretch in myoblast. Apoptosis 2023; 28:796-809. [PMID: 36881290 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-023-01825-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mandibular growth that is induced by functional appliances is closely associated with skeletal and neuromuscular adaptation. Accumulating evidence has proved that apoptosis and autophagy have a vital role in adaptation process. However, little is known about the underlying mechanisms. This study sought to determine whether ATF-6 is involved in stretch-induced apoptosis and autophagy in myoblast. The study also sought to uncover the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL and Annexin V and PI staining. Autophagy was detected by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis and immunofluorescent staining for autophagy-related protein light chain 3 (LC3). Real time-PCR and western blot were performed to evaluate the expression level of mRNA and proteins that were associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), autophagy and apoptosis. RESULTS Cyclic stretch significantly decreased the cell viability and induced apoptosis and autophagy of myoblasts time-dependently. Stretching stimuli activated ATF-6 pathway and induced ERS-mediated apoptosis. Moreover, using 4-PBA significantly inhibited ERS-related apoptosis, as well as partially decreasing autophagy. In addition, inhibition of autophagy by 3-MA enhanced apoptosis by affecting the expression of CHOP and Bcl-2. However, it had no obvious effects on ERS-related proteins of GRP78 and ATF-6. More importantly, knockdown ATF-6 effectively weakened apoptosis and autophagy. It did so by regulating the expression of Bcl-2, Beclin1 and CHOP, but not cleaved Caspase-12, LC3II and p62 in stretched myoblast. CONCLUSION ATF-6 pathway was activated in myoblast by mechanical stretch. ATF-6 may regulate the process of stretch-induced myoblast apoptosis and autophagy via CHOP, Bcl-2 and Beclin1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Guirong Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Orthodontics, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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6
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Ren D, Liu R, Yan X, Zhang Q, Zeng X, Yuan X. Intensive stretch-activated CRT-PMCA1 feedback loop promoted apoptosis of myoblasts through Ca 2+ overloading. Apoptosis 2022; 27:929-945. [PMID: 35976579 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-022-01759-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical stretch exerted pro-apoptotic effect on myoblasts, the mechanism of which is currently unknown. Intracellular Ca2+ accumulation has been implicated in stretch-induced apoptosis. calreticulin (CRT) and plasma membrane Ca2+ transporting ATPase 1 (PMCA1) are two critical components of Ca2+ signaling system participating in intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. In this study, we explored the contribution of CRT and PMCA1 in mediating stretch-induced Ca2+ accumulation and apoptosis of myoblasts. Stretching stimuli elevated level of CRT while inhibited activity of PMCA1. Moreover, there were bidirectional regulations between CRT and PMCA1, which formed the positive feedback loop leading to continuous increment of CRT level and repression of PMCA1 activity, in stretched myoblasts. Specifically, increased CRT level inhibited PMCA1 activity via suppressing Calmodulin (CaM), while reduced PMCA1 activity promoted CRT expression through activating p38MAPK pathway. Thus, the CRT-CaM-PMCA1 and PMCA1-p38MAPK-CRT pathways constituted a close cycle comprising CRT, PMCA1, CaM and p38MAPK. Inhibition of both CaM and p38MAPK affected the other three factors in stretched myoblasts. Circulation of the vicious cycle resulted in escalated Ca2+ overloading in myoblasts under continuous stretching stimuli. CRT knock-down, PMCA1 overexpression, and p38MAPK inhibition all attenuated the raised intracellular Ca2+ level and ameliorated myoblast apoptosis in the stretching environment. Conversely, CRT overexpression, PMCA1 knock-down, and CaM inhibition all aggravated stretch-induced Ca2+ overloading and myoblast apoptosis. A positive feedback loop between CRT and PMCA1 was activated in stretched myoblasts, which contributed to intracellular Ca2+ accumulation and resultant myoblast apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuemin Zeng
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Central Laboratory of Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China. .,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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7
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Zhou J. The hypothetical molecular pathways of ursolic acid to attenuate the premature ovarian failure in human. Med Hypotheses 2021; 153:110636. [PMID: 34174651 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2021.110636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Premature ovarian failure, which is also called premature menopause, refers to the stop of menstruation and the formation of oocyte before 40 years old. As a disease which is closely related to the formation of oocyte and relevant meiosis, the role of adjacent cells such as ovarian granulosa cell or the membranous follicular cells in the pathogenesis of premature ovarian failure is currently being investigated. One of the most popular theories concludes that premature ovarian failure is due to the apoptosis of the ovarian granulosa cells, as they are responsible for the synthesis and regulation of multiple types of hormones and internal factors that are related to reproduction, for example, the inhibin, activin, and follistatin. The apoptosis of the ovarian granulosa cells can be initiated by various of internal or external environmental factors such as the hazardous chemicals in the ovarian or the excessive exposure to the physical radiation as a result of the occupation. While the detailed underlying mechanisms to cause the apoptosis of the ovarian granulosa cell are still unclear. The ursolic acid is white concrete at room temperature, and many studies have elucidated that it can relieve hypoxia and endoplasmic reticulum stress. In this article, the author proposed five molecular pathways of ursolic acid to relieve or cure premature ovarian failure in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Zhou
- Class 182, Queen Mary School, Medical Department, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, Jiangxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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8
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Safi A, Heidarian E, Ahmadi R. Quercetin Synergistically Enhances the Anticancer Efficacy of Docetaxel through Induction of Apoptosis and Modulation of PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and JAK/STAT3 Signaling Pathways in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Line. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2021; 10:11-22. [PMID: 34268250 PMCID: PMC8256834 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.10.1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Docetaxel is widely used in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. However, its effectiveness is limited due to chemoresistance and its undesirable side effects. The combination of chemotherapeutic agents and natural compounds is an effective strategy to overcome drug resistance and the ensuing inevitable toxicities. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with strong antioxidant and anticancer activities. This study aimed to evaluate the cytotoxic and modulatory effects of combined docetaxel and quercetin on the MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cell line. The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay. The induction of apoptosis was examined using flow cytometry. The role of p53 in the apoptotic process was evaluated via qRT-PCR. The levels of BAX, BCL2, ERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins were measured by Western blot analysis. The results showed that the single-agent treatment with docetaxel or quercetin leads to a decrease in the viability of the MDA-MB-231 cells at 48 h. Furthermore, the combination of docetaxel (7 nM) and quercetin (95 μM) displayed the greatest synergistic effects with a combination index value of 0.76 accompanied by the up regulation of p53 and a significant increase in BAX level, as well as decrease in the levels of BCL2, pERK1/2, AKT, and STAT3 proteins (P < 0.05). The concomitant use of docetaxel and quercetin leads to the cell growth inhibition associated with the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell survival. Therefore, this study provides a promising therapeutic approach to enhance the efficacy of docetaxel in a less-toxic manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Safi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Esfandiar Heidarian
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Reza Ahmadi
- Clinical Biochemistry Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
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9
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Yu ZH, Ji YC, Li K, Liang T, Liu B, Chen HL, Ni L, Luo ZP, Yang HL. Stiffness of the extracellular matrix affects apoptosis of nucleus pulposus cells by regulating the cytoskeleton and activating the TRPV2 channel protein. Cell Signal 2021; 84:110005. [PMID: 33862152 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2021.110005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It is known that nucleus pulposus cells (NPs) play an important role in intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD), and a previous study indicated that the stiffness of NP tissue changes during the degeneration process. However, the mechanism underlying the cellular response to ECM stiffness is still unclear. To analyze the effects of extracellular matrix (ECM) with different degrees of stiffness on NPs, we prepared polyacrylamide (PA) gels with different elastic moduli, and cells grown under different stiffness conditions were obtained and analyzed. The results showed that the spreading morphology of NPs changed significantly under increased ECM elastic modulus conditions and that TRPV2 and the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway were activated by stiffer ECM. At the same time, mitochondria released cytochrome c (Cyt c) and activated caspase proteins to promote the apoptosis of NPs. After TRPV2 was specifically knocked out, the activation of the PI3K / AKT signaling pathway decreased, and the release of Cyt c and NP apoptosis were reduced. These results indicate that TRPV2 is closely linked to the detection of extracellular mechanical signals, and that conversion of mechanical and biological signals plays an important role in regulating the biological behavior of cells. This study offers a new perspective on the cellular and biochemical events underlying IVDD which could result in novel treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Hui Yu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Chao Ji
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ting Liang
- Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hai-Lei Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jiangsu Rudong County People's Hospital, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Ni
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Zong-Ping Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hui-Lin Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Orthopaedic Institute, Medical College, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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10
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He Z, Li H, Han X, Zhou F, Du J, Yang Y, Xu Q, Zhang S, Zhang S, Zhao N, Yan M, Yu Z. Irisin inhibits osteocyte apoptosis by activating the Erk signaling pathway in vitro and attenuates ALCT-induced osteoarthritis in mice. Bone 2020; 141:115573. [PMID: 32768686 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Moderate exercise can alleviate symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) such as pain, stiffness, and joint deformities that are associated with progressive cartilaginous degeneration, osteophyte formation, subchondral bone changes, and synovial inflammation. Irisin is an exercise-related myokine that reportedly plays a crucial role in bone remodeling. However, its role in OA remains unknown. This study aimed to determine whether irisin can attenuate OA progression and the mechanism of its therapeutic effect. Three-month-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomized to groups that underwent sham operation, and anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) intraperitoneally injected with vehicle or irisin in vivo. Apoptosis was induced by stretching murine osteocyte-like MLO-Y4 cells in vitro. Irisin reduced wear, maintained the proportion of hyaline cartilage, a more complete cartilage structure, and lower Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI) scores at 4 weeks after ACLT. Irisin reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in cartilage and caspase 3 in the subchondral bone. Irisin exerted rescue effects in microstructural parameters of subchondral trabecular bone including bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), connection density (Conn. D), and the structure model index (SMI) compared with ACLT-vehicle group. Bone histomorphometry showed that irisin increased subchondral bone remodeling. The decreasing ratio (%) of the eroded surface (ES/BS) was reversed by irisin in the ACLT+vehicle group. Staining with tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase showed a decreased number of osteoclasts. Irisin significantly increased the proliferation of osteocytes, protected them from apoptosis, and maintained cellular activity by regulating the expression of Bax, Bcl-2, and osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kB-ligand (OPG/Rankl). Irisin activated serine/threonine-selective protein kinases (Erk) and p38 signaling, and its anti-apoptosis function depended on the Erk signaling pathway. Irisin attenuated OA progression by decreasing osteocyte apoptosis and improving the microarchitecture of subchondral bone. Activation of the Erk pathway by irisin plays an important role in reducing osteocyte apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Hanjun Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Xuequan Han
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Jingke Du
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Yiqi Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuhong Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Shuangyan Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Ning Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Mengning Yan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
| | - Zhifeng Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopedic Implant, Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, China.
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11
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Wang Y, Song J, Liu X, Liu J, Zhang Q, Yan X, Yuan X, Ren D. Multiple Effects of Mechanical Stretch on Myogenic Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:336-352. [PMID: 31950873 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2019.0286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Stomatology, Medical School of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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12
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Sun XY, Zhong CY, Qiu QQ, Li ZW, Liu MY, Wang X, Jin CH. Synthesis, activity evaluation, and pro-apoptotic properties of novel 1,2,4-triazol-3-amine derivatives as potent anti-lung cancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2019; 34:1210-1217. [PMID: 31286781 PMCID: PMC6691921 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1636044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a series of 4,5-bis(substituted phenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine compounds was designed, synthesised, and evaluated to determine their potential as anti-lung cancer agents. According to the results of screening of lung cancer cell lines A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H23 in vitro, most of the synthesised compounds have potent cytotoxic activities with IC50 values ranging from 1.02 to 48.01 µM. Particularly, compound 4,5-bis(4-chlorophenyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (BCTA) was the most potent anti-cancer agent, with IC50 values of 1.09, 2.01, and 3.28 µM against A549, NCI-H460, and NCI-H23 cells, respectively, meaning many-fold stronger anti-lung cancer activity than that of the chemotherapeutic agent 5-fluorouracil. We also explored the effects of BCTA on apoptosis in lung cancer cells by flow cytometry and western blotting. Our results indicated that BCTA induced apoptosis by upregulating proteins BAX, caspase 3, and PARP. Thus, the potential application of compound BCTA as a drug should be further examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yu Sun
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Chun-Yan Zhong
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Qing-Qing Qiu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Zhen-Wang Li
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Mei-Yu Liu
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Xin Wang
- a Department of Pharmacy , College of Animal Science and Technique, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
| | - Cheng-Hao Jin
- b Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University , Daqing , China
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13
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Mou Z, Wang Y, Li Y. RETRACTED: Brazilein induces apoptosis and G1/G0 phase cell cycle arrest by up-regulation of miR-133a in human vestibular schwannoma cells. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 107:95-101. [PMID: 30610843 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2018.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Given the comments of Dr Elisabeth Bik regarding this article “... the Western blot bands in all 400+ papers are all very regularly spaced and have a smooth appearance in the shape of a dumbbell or tadpole, without any of the usual smudges or stains. All bands are placed on similar looking backgrounds, suggesting they were copy/pasted from other sources, or computer generated”, the journal requested the authors to provide the raw data. However, the authors were not able to fulfil this request and therefore the Editor-in-Chief decided to retract the article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyan Mou
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Yongmei Li
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Yantai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264000, China.
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14
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Qiao C, Ye W, Li S, Wang H, Ding X. Icariin modulates mitochondrial function and apoptosis in high glucose-induced glomerular podocytes through G protein-coupled estrogen receptors. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 473:146-155. [PMID: 29373840 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Podocyte apoptosis in glomerular lesions has been found to have a dominant role in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The present research aimed to explore the beneficial effect of icariin on diabetic podocytes by interfering in the process of apoptosis. Podocyte apoptosis was significantly exacerbated after high glucose treatment, with the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) increasing simultaneously. Here, we demonstrated that icariin, which is a G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER) agonist, inhibited podocyte apoptosis by reducing ROS, maintaining the integrity of mitochondrial membranes. Moreover, the stabilization of mitochondria by icariin was reversed when GPER was knocked down in podocytes. Meanwhile, icariin inhibited the caspase cascade in podocyte apoptosis by promoting Bcl-2 expression and mitochondrial translocation. The above findings at least partly elucidated the mechanism by which icariin stabilized podocytes by inducing the mitochondrial Bcl-2 translocation and therefore preventing downstream apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Qiao
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Wenjuan Ye
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Sai Li
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Hui Wang
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xuansheng Ding
- China Pharmaceutical University, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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15
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Song J, Zhang Q, Wang S, Yang F, Chen Z, Dong Q, Ji Q, Yuan X, Ren D. Cleavage of caspase-12 at Asp94, mediated by endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), contributes to stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. J Cell Physiol 2018; 233:9473-9487. [PMID: 29943814 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mechanical overloading can lead to skeletal muscle damage instead of remodeling. This is attributed to the excessive apoptosis of myoblasts, mechanism of which remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and caspase-12 in mediating the stretch-induced apoptosis of myoblasts. Myoblast apoptosis was evaluated by Hoechst staining, DNA fragmentation assay, Annexin V binding, and propidium iodide staining, as well as caspase-3 and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase 1 cleavage. First, our results showed that apoptosis was elevated in a time-dependent manner when myoblasts were subjected to cyclic mechanical stretch (CMS) for 12, 24, and 36 hr. Concomitantly, CMS triggered the ERS and caspase-12 cleavage; ERS inhibitor GSK 2606414 suppressed the CMS-induced cleavage of caspase-12 and myoblast apoptosis. Silencing caspase-12 attenuated the apoptosis of myoblasts under CMS. Furthermore, CMS-induced myoblast apoptosis was partially recovered by overexpressing wild-type caspase-12 in caspase-12-silenced myoblasts. In contrast, overexpressing mutant caspase-12 (D94N), which cannot be cleaved into the active caspase-12 fragments, failed to accomplish the same effect. Finally, C2C12 overexpressing truncated caspase-12 segment (TC-casp12-D94), which starts from Asp94 and ends at Asn419, underwent apoptosis under both static and stretched conditions. Interestingly, C2C12 myoblasts seemed to be resistant to stretch-induced apoptosis upon low-serum-induced differentiation. In conclusion, our study provided evidence that caspase-12 cleavage at Asp94, induced by ERS under mechanical stimuli, is the key molecule in initiating the stretch-triggered apoptosis of myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Song
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Yang
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhenggang Chen
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Quanjiang Dong
- Department of Central Laboratory, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiuxia Ji
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiao Yuan
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dapeng Ren
- Department of Stomatology Medical Center, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Lyons DC, Perry KJ, Henry JQ. Morphogenesis along the animal-vegetal axis: fates of primary quartet micromere daughters in the gastropod Crepidula fornicata. BMC Evol Biol 2017; 17:217. [PMID: 28915788 PMCID: PMC5603038 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-017-1057-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Spiralia are a large, morphologically diverse group of protostomes (e.g. molluscs, annelids, nemerteans) that share a homologous mode of early development called spiral cleavage. One of the most highly-conserved features of spiralian development is the contribution of the primary quartet cells, 1a-1d, to the anterior region of the embryo (including the brain, eyes, and the anterior ciliary band, called the prototroch). Yet, very few studies have analyzed the ultimate fates of primary quartet sub-lineages, or examined the morphogenetic events that take place in the anterior region of the embryo. Results This study focuses on the caenogastropod slipper snail, Crepidula fornicata, a model for molluscan developmental biology. Through direct lineage tracing of primary quartet daughter cells, and examination of these cells during gastrulation and organogenesis stages, we uncovered behaviors never described before in a spiralian. For the first time, we show that the 1a2-1d2 cells do not contribute to the prototroch (as they do in other species) and are ultimately lost before hatching. During gastrulation and anterior-posterior axial elongation stages, these cells cleavage-arrest and spread dramatically, contributing to a thin provisional epidermis on the dorsal side of the embryo. This spreading is coupled with the displacement of the animal pole, and other pretrochal cells, closer to the ventrally-positioned mouth, and the vegetal pole. Conclusions This is the first study to document the behavior and fate of primary quartet sub-lineages among molluscs. We speculate that the function of 1a2-1d2 cells (in addition to two cells derived from 1d12, and the 2b lineage) is to serve as a provisional epithelium that allows for anterior displacement of the other progeny of the primary quartet towards the anterior-ventral side of the embryo. These data support a new and novel mechanism for axial bending, distinct from canonical models in which axial bending is suggested to be driven primarily by differential proliferation of posterior dorsal cells. These data suggest also that examining sub-lineages in other spiralians will reveal greater variation than previously assumed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre C Lyons
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Kimberly J Perry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jonathan Q Henry
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, University of Illinois, 601 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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17
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Rønning SB, Andersen PV, Pedersen ME, Hollung K. Primary bovine skeletal muscle cells enters apoptosis rapidly via the intrinsic pathway when available oxygen is removed. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182928. [PMID: 28792534 PMCID: PMC5549745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Muscle cells undergo changes post-mortem during the process of converting muscle into meat, and this complex process is far from revealed. Recent reports have suggested programmed cell death (apoptosis) to be important in the very early period of converting muscle into meat. The dynamic balance that occurs between anti-apoptotic members, such as Bcl-2, and pro-apoptotic members (Bid, Bim) helps determine whether the cell initiates apoptosis. In this study, we used primary bovine skeletal muscle cells, cultured in monolayers in vitro, to investigate if apoptosis is induced when oxygen is removed from the growth medium. Primary bovine muscle cells were differentiated to form myotubes, and anoxia was induced for 6h. The anoxic conditions significantly increased (P<0.05) the relative gene expression of anti- and pro-apoptotic markers (Aif, Bcl-2, Bid and Bim), and the PARK7 (P<0.05) and Grp75 (Hsp70) protein expressions were transiently increased. The anoxic conditions also led to a loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, which is an early apoptotic event, as well as cytochrome c release from the mitochondria. Finally, reorganization and degradation of cytoskeletal filaments occurred. These results suggest that muscle cells enters apoptosis via the intrinsic pathway rapidly when available oxygen in the muscle diminishes post-mortem.
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