1
|
Lee DY, Bahar ME, Kim CW, Seo MS, Song MG, Song SY, Kim SY, Kim DR, Kim DH. Autophagy in Osteoarthritis: A Double-Edged Sword in Cartilage Aging and Mechanical Stress Response: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3005. [PMID: 38792546 PMCID: PMC11122125 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13103005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Although osteoarthritis (OA) development is epidemiologically multifactorial, a primary underlying mechanism is still under debate. Understanding the pathophysiology of OA remains challenging. Recently, experts have focused on autophagy as a contributor to OA development. Method: To better understand the pathogenesis of OA, we survey the literature on the role of autophagy and the molecular mechanisms of OA development. To identify relevant studies, we used controlled vocabulary and free text keywords to search the MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and SCOPUS database. Thirty-one studies were included for data extraction and systematic review. Among these studies, twenty-five studies investigated the effects of autophagy in aging and OA chondrocytes, six studies examined the effects of autophagy in normal human chondrocytes, and only one study investigated the effects of mechanical stress-induced autophagy on the development of OA in normal chondrocytes. Results: The studies suggest that autophagy activation prevents OA by exerting cell-protective effects in normal human chondrocytes. However, in aging and osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes, the role of autophagy is intricate, as certain studies indicate that stimulating autophagy in these cells can have a cytotoxic effect, while others propose that it may have a protective (cytoprotective) effect against damage or degeneration. Conclusions: Mechanical stress-induced autophagy is also thought to be involved in the development of OA, but further research is required to identify the precise mechanism. Thus, autophagy contributions should be interpreted with caution in aging and the types of OA cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yeong Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Barun Hospital, Jinju 52725, Republic of Korea;
| | - Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Chang-Won Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Min-Seok Seo
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Myung-Geun Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inha University Hospital, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea;
| | - Sang-Youn Song
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Soung-Yon Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| | - Deok-Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (M.E.B.); (M.-S.S.)
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea; (C.-W.K.); (S.-Y.S.); (S.-Y.K.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saengsiwaritt W, Ngamtipakon P, Udomsinprasert W. Vitamin D and autophagy in knee osteoarthritis: A review. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 123:110712. [PMID: 37523972 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), the highly prevalent degenerative disease affecting the joint, perpetually devastates the health of the elderly. Of various mechanisms known to participate in KOA etiology, apoptosis of chondrocytes is widely regarded as the primary cause of cartilage degradation. It has been suggested that the induction of autophagy in chondrocytes could potentially prolong the progression of KOA by modulating intracellular metabolic processes, which may be helpful for ameliorating chondrocyte apoptosis and eventual cartilage degeneration. Autophagy, a physiological process characterized by intracellular self-degradation, has been reportedly implicated in various pathologic conditions including KOA. Interestingly, vitamin D has been shown to regulate autophagy in human chondrocytes through multiple pathways, specifically AMPK/mTOR signaling pathway. This observation underscores the potential of vitamin D as a novel approach for restoring the functionality and survivability of chondrocytes in KOA. Supporting vitamin D's clinical significance, previous studies have demonstrated its substantial involvement in the symptoms and irregular joint morphology observed in KOA patients, strengthening potential therapeutic efficacy of vitamin D in treatment of KOA. Herein, the purpose of this review was to determine the mechanisms underlying the multi-processes of vitamin D implicated in autophagy in several cells including chondrocytes, which would bring unique insights into KOA pathogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Phatchana Ngamtipakon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Wanvisa Udomsinprasert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
MicroRNA-197 regulates chondrocyte proliferation, migration, and inflammation in pathogenesis of osteoarthritis by targeting EIF4G2. Biosci Rep 2021; 40:226296. [PMID: 32880393 PMCID: PMC7494986 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20192095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in many pathological conditions including osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of miR-197 in OA and the potential molecular mechanism. The expression levels of miR-197 were detected by quantitative real-time PCR analysis. Cell proliferation and migration abilities were performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-di-phenyltetrazolium bromide and transwell assays. The concentrations of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, were detect using ELISA assay. Furthermore, luciferase reporter and rescue assays were applied to identify the functional target gene of miR-197 in OA. The results showed that miR-197 expression was significantly down-regulated in the OA cartilage tissues compared with normal cartilage tissues, accompanied by up-regulation of EIF4G2 expression. An inverse correlation was found between EIF4G2 and miR-197 expressions in OA cartilage tissues. Treatment with miR-197 mimics promoted the growth and migration abilities of chondrocytes, while miR-197 inhibitors induced the opposite effects. Furthermore, restoration of miR-197 significantly decreased IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α expression, whereas knockdown of miR-197 led to a induction in these inflammatory mediators. Moreover, EIF4G2 was predicted and confirmed as a directly target of miR-197. Overexpressed miR-197 could down-regulate EIF4G2 expression in chondrocytes, while miR-197 knockdown could elevate EIF4G2 expression. Additionally, EIF4G2 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-197 mimics on chondrocytes proliferation, migration, and inflammation. Taken together, our study demonstrated that miR-197 promotes chondrocyte proliferation, increases migration, and inhibits inflammation in the pathogenesis of OA by targeting EIF4G2, indicating the potential therapeutic targets of the miR-197/EIF4G2 axis for OA treatment.
Collapse
|
4
|
Molecular mechanisms of mechanical load-induced osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL ORTHOPAEDICS 2021; 45:1125-1136. [PMID: 33459826 DOI: 10.1007/s00264-021-04938-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mechanical loading enhances the progression of osteoarthritis. However, its molecular mechanisms have not been established. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review was to summarize the probable mechanisms of mechanical load-induced osteoarthritis. METHODS A comprehensive search strategy was used to search PubMed and EMBASE databases (from the 15th of January 2015 to the 20th of October 2020). Search terms included "osteoarthritis", "mechanical load", and "mechanism". RESULTS Abnormal mechanical loading activates the interleukin-1β, tumour necrosis factor-α, nuclear factor kappa-B, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, microRNAs pathways, and the oxidative stress pathway. These pathways induce the pathological progression of osteoarthritis. Mechanical stress signal receptors such as integrin, ion channel receptors, hydrogen peroxide-inducible clone-5, Gremlin-1, and transient receptor potential channel 4 are present in the articular cartilages. CONCLUSION This review highlights the molecular mechanisms of mechanical loading in inducing chondrocyte apoptosis and extracellular matrix degradation. These mechanisms provide potential targets for osteoarthritis prevention and treatment.
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao DL, Li HT, Liu SH. TIMP3/TGF‑β1 axis regulates mechanical loading‑induced chondrocyte degeneration and angiogenesis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2637-2644. [PMID: 32945489 PMCID: PMC7453520 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chondrocytes in injured cartilage tissue are susceptible to mechanical loading; mechanical overloading can induce cartilage degeneration. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether mechanical loading can regulate chondrocyte degeneration and angiogenesis via the tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP3)/transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 axis. Primary human chondrocytes were obtained from knee articular cartilage of a healthy donor. Then, normal chondrocytes or TIMP3 lentivirus-transfected (LV-TIMP3) chondrocytes were subjected to mechanical loading (10 MPa compression). Then, chondrocytes were stimulated with 1 µg/ml lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or treated with LDN-193189 (inhibitor of TGF-β1 signaling pathway). In addition, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were co-cultured with chondrocytes or LV-TIMP3 chondrocytes. The expression levels of collagen-I, proteoglycan, TIMP3, TGF-β1, Smad2 and Smad3 were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR and western blotting. Moreover, cell apoptosis and viability were determined using flow cytometry and MTT analysis, while cell migration was observed by Transwell assays. In addition, the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGF receptor (R)2 binding rate in HUVECs was detected by a solid-phase binding assay. It was demonstrated that mechanical loading significantly inhibited the expression levels of collagen-I and proteoglycan in chondrocytes, as well as reducing cell proliferation and promoting cell apoptosis. In addition, the expression levels of TIMP3, TGF-β1, phosphorylated (p)-Smad2 and p-Smad3 were significantly decreased in degenerated chondrocytes that were induced by LPS, as well as in chondrocytes treated with LDN-193189. Furthermore, TIMP3 overexpression suppressed cell migration and reduced the VEGF/VEGFR2 binding rate in HUVECs. Mechanical loading significantly inhibited the expression levels of TIMP3, TGF-β1, p-Smad2 and p-Smad3 in chondrocytes, and also increased cell migration of HUVECs; TGF-β1 treatment or TIMP3 overexpression reversed these effects. Thus, the TIMP3/TGF-β1 axis may be a vital signaling pathway in mechanical loading-induced chondrocyte degeneration and angiogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- De-Lai Zhao
- No. 8 Orthopaedic Ward, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Hong-Tao Li
- Section l, Department of Orthopaedics, First Affiliated Hospital, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| | - Shao-Hui Liu
- No. 8 Orthopaedic Ward, Harbin Fifth Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jiang S, Liu Y, Xu B, Zhang Y, Yang M. Noncoding RNAs: New regulatory code in chondrocyte apoptosis and autophagy. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2020; 11:e1584. [PMID: 31925936 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a bone and joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage degradation. In the face of global trends of population aging, OA is expected to become the fourth most common disabling disease by 2020. Nevertheless, the detailed pathogenesis of OA has not yet been elucidated. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), including long noncoding RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, do not encode proteins but have recently emerged as important regulators of apoptosis and autophagy of chondrocytes, thereby highlighting a potential role in chondrocyte injury leading to OA onset and progression. We here review recent findings on these regulatory roles of ncRNAs to provide new directions for research on the pathogenesis of OA and offer new therapeutic targets for prevention and treatment. This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyu Jiang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China.,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Bilian Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Operating Room, Tianjin Binhai New Area Tanggu Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Yang
- Shenzhen Ritzcon Biological Technology Co., LTD, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Razmara E, Bitaraf A, Yousefi H, Nguyen TH, Garshasbi M, Cho WCS, Babashah S. Non-Coding RNAs in Cartilage Development: An Updated Review. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4475. [PMID: 31514268 PMCID: PMC6769748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In the development of the skeleton, the long bones are arising from the process of endochondral ossification (EO) in which cartilage is replaced by bone. This complex process is regulated by various factors including genetic, epigenetic, and environmental elements. It is recognized that DNA methylation, higher-order chromatin structure, and post-translational modifications of histones regulate the EO. With emerging understanding, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been identified as another mode of EO regulation, which is consist of microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). There is expanding experimental evidence to unlock the role of ncRNAs in the differentiation of cartilage cells, as well as the pathogenesis of several skeletal disorders including osteoarthritis. Cutting-edge technologies such as epigenome-wide association studies have been employed to reveal disease-specific patterns regarding ncRNAs. This opens a new avenue of our understanding of skeletal cell biology, and may also identify potential epigenetic-based biomarkers. In this review, we provide an updated overview of recent advances in the role of ncRNAs especially focus on miRNA and lncRNA in the development of bone from cartilage, as well as their roles in skeletal pathophysiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Razmara
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Amirreza Bitaraf
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Hassan Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Tina H Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, LSUHSC School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Masoud Garshasbi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | | | - Sadegh Babashah
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Wang N, He J, Pan C, Wang J, Ma M, Shi X, Xu Z. Resveratrol Activates Autophagy via the AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway to Improve Cognitive Dysfunction in Rats With Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:859. [PMID: 31481868 PMCID: PMC6710371 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH) is a main cause of vascular dementia and is also an etiological factor of neurological diseases and mental disorders. However, few treatments are available for CCH, and new medications are needed. In the present study, we employed a rat model of CCH that was based on bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and investigated the therapeutic effects of resveratrol and its detailed mechanism of action. We evaluated neurological deficit scores and performed the Morris water maze test, hematoxylin and eosin staining, TUNEL staining, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, and Western blot. Resveratrol reduced neurological deficit scores in CCH rats and reduced pathological damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Resveratrol activated autophagy and inhibited the expression of AKT/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway-related proteins. Treatment with a phosphoinositide-3 kinase inhibitor reversed the protective effect of resveratrol. These findings suggest that resveratrol improves cognitive function in a rat model of CCH and reduces oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage in the frontal cortex and hippocampus by activating autophagy and inhibiting neuronal apoptosis. These effects may be regulated by the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jinting He
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chengliang Pan
- College of Clinical Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaoqi Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ming Ma
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinxiu Shi
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhongxin Xu
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Modulated Autophagy by MicroRNAs in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1484152. [PMID: 31205933 PMCID: PMC6530247 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1484152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a chronic joint disease characterized by articular cartilage regression. The etiology of OA is diverse, the exact pathogenesis of which remains unclear. Autophagy is a conserved maintenance mechanism in eukaryotic cells. Dysfunction of chondrocyte autophagy is regarded as a crucial pathogenesis of cartilage degradation in OA. MircoRNAs (miRNAs) are a category of small noncoding RNAs, acting as posttranscriptional modulators that regulate biological processes and cell signaling pathways via target genes. A series of miRNAs are involved in the progression of chondrocyte autophagy and are connected with numerous factors and pathways. This article focuses on the mechanisms of chondrocyte autophagy in OA and reviews the role of miRNA in their modulation. Potentially relevant miRNAs are also discussed in order to provide new directions for future research and improve our understanding of the autophagic network of miRNAs.
Collapse
|