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Khazdair MR, Ghorani V, Boskabady MH. Experimental and clinical evidence on the effect of carvacrol on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders: A comprehensive review. Biofactors 2022; 48:779-794. [PMID: 35555834 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Carvacrol (CAR) showed various pharmacological and therapeutic effects in different disorders. In the current article, the experimental and clinical effects of CAR on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are described. Various databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, and Scopus, were searched regarding the effects of CAR on respiratory and allergic disorders until the end of October 2021. CAR showed the relaxant effect, with various possible mechanisms suggesting the bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. The preventive effects of CAR on experimental animal models of respiratory diseases were shown through mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory. CAR also showed therapeutic potential on lung cancer, lung infections, and allergic and immunologic disorders. Clinical studies also revealed therapeutic effects of CAR on asthma, sulfur-mustard-induced lug disorders, and some other allergic and immunologic diseases. Pharmacological and therapeutic effects of CAR indicate possible remedy effects of this agent in the treatment of respiratory, allergic, and immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahammad R Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad H Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Tabaa MME, Fattah AMK, Shaalan M, Rashad E, El Mahdy NA. Dapagliflozin mitigates ovalbumin-prompted airway inflammatory-oxidative successions and associated bronchospasm in a rat model of allergic asthma. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:487-506. [PMID: 35549595 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2077723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a chronic inflammatory lung disease that universally affects millions of people. Despite numerous well-defined medications, asthma is poorly managed. The study aimed to clarify the potential therapeutic effect of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) against lung inflammation, oxidative stress and associated bronchospasm in OVA-sensitized rat asthma model. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-five rats were allocated into (Control, Asthma, DEXA, DAPA, and DAPA+DEXA). All treatments were administered orally once a day for two weeks. BALF levels of IL-17, TNFα, IL-1β, and MCP-1 were determined to assess airway inflammation. For oxidative stress determination, BALF MDA levels and TAC were measured. The BALF S100A4 level and NO/sGC/cGMP pathway were detected. Lung histopathological findings and immunohistochemical investigation of eNOS and iNOS activities were recorded. RESULTS DAPA significantly reduced (p < 0.001) airway inflammatory-oxidative markers (IL-17, TNFα, IL-1β, MCP1, and MDA), but increased (p < 0.001) TAC, and mitigated bronchospasm by activating NO/sGC/cGMP and reducing S100A4 (p < 0.001). The biochemical and western blot studies were supported by histopathological and immunohistochemical investigations. CONCLUSIONS : DAPA is presenting a new prospective possibility for future asthma therapy due to its anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and bronchodilator properties. DAPA has the property of reducing Dexamethasone (DEXA)-associated unfavorable effects during asthma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Mohammed El Tabaa
- Pharmacology & Environmental Toxicology, Environmental Studies & Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City,Egypt
| | - Aliaa Mohammed Kamel Fattah
- Environmental Studies & Research Institute (ESRI), University of Sadat City, Sadat city, Minofia Governorate, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Shaalan
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Eman Rashad
- Cytology and Histology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Nageh Ahmed El Mahdy
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy,Tanta University, Egypt
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Ghorani V, Beigoli S, Khazdair MR, Boskabady MH. The effect of Zataria multiflora on respiratory allergic and immunologic disorders, experimental and clinical evidence: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2022; 36:1135-1155. [PMID: 35080049 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Zataria multiflora (Z. multiflora) is used in traditional and modern medicine for therapeutic objectives especially in respiratory disorders. Therefore, updated experimental and clinical studies on the effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory, allergic, and immunologic disorders are reviewed. Various electronic search engines including PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched using appropriate keywords until the end of November 2021. Books, thesis-hard copies of some articles were also included. The effects of Z. multiflora on respiratory disorders including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung infection, and lung cancer were shown. Extracts of Z. multiflora showed the relaxant effect with various mechanisms. The preventive effects of Z. multiflora were also demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and antiinflammatory properties in the experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases. Carvacrol and thymol are probably responsible for the therapeutic effect of plant among 56 constituents of Z. multiflora. In addition, bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its constituents on asthma, COPD, lung disorders due to noxious agents and allergic and immunologic disorders were shown in the clinical studies. Therefore Z. multiflora and its constituents may be considered as a preventive and/or relieving therapy in various respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Clinical Research Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Sima Beigoli
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahammad Reza Khazdair
- Cardiovascular Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Chen C, Dai CY, Han F, Wu JY, Sun L, Wu XY. Interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin with interleukin-4 in adaptive immunity during Aspergillus fumigatus keratitis. Int J Ophthalmol 2021; 14:1473-1483. [PMID: 34667722 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2021.10.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the potential interactions of thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) with interleukin-4 (IL-4) in adaptive immunity during fungal keratitis (FK). METHODS An FK mouse model was induced with Aspergillus fumigatus (AF) hyphal infection. Mice were divided into several groups: untreated, phosphate buffer saline (PBS), infected with AF, and pretreated with a scrambled siRNA, a TSLP-specific siRNA (TSLP siRNA), murine recombinant TSLP (rTSLP), immunoglobulin G (IgG), murine recombinant IFN (rIFN-γ), murine recombinant IL-4 (rIL-4), rIL-13, murine recombinant IL-17A (rIL-17A), and murine recombinant IL-17F (rIL-17F) groups. Quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or Western blot were performed to determine mRNA and protein levels in the inflamed cornea. Cytokine locations were observed by immunofluoresence staining after AF hyphal infection. RESULTS Compared to those in the untreated group, TSLP and T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokine levels in the AF group were upregulated at 24h post infection (hpi), and those of T helper type 2 (Th2) and T helper type 17 (Th17) cytokines were increased at 5d post infection (dpi). Th2 cytokine levels were decreased in the TSLP siRNA-pretreated group and increased in the rTSLP-pretreated group compared with the AF group. The TSLP level was increased in the rIL-4-pretreated group, but there were no significant changes among the other groups. Immunofluorescence staining showed cytokine locations after AF hyphal infection. CONCLUSION TSLP induces a Th2 immune response and promots Th2 T cell differentiation in vivo. IL-4 promotes TSLP secretion. Therefore, TSLP with IL-4 regulates adaptive immunity in FK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Chen-Yang Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Fang Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China.,Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Jia-Yin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250012, Shandong Province, China
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Amin F, Memarzia A, Kazemi Rad H, Shakeri F, Boskabady MH. Systemic inflammation and oxidative stress induced by inhaled paraquat in rat improved by carvacrol, possible role of PPARγ receptors. Biofactors 2021; 47:778-787. [PMID: 34089284 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Control rats were exposed to saline aerosol, two groups were exposed to paraquat (PQ), 27 (PQ-L) and 54 (PQ-H) mg/m3 aerosols and six groups were treated with carvacrol, 20 (C-L) and 80 (C-H) mg/kg/day, pioglitazone, 5 (Pio-L) and 10 (Pio-H) mg/kg/day, C-L+Pio-L and dexamethasone, 0.03 mg/kg/day, for 16 days after the end of exposure to PQ-H. Different variables were measured after the end of treatment period. Total and differential white blood cells counts, nitrite, malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-10, and interferon-gamma levels were significant increased, but thiol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, IL-17, and tumor necrosis factor alpha were decreased in the blood due to both doses of PQ (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Most measured parameters were significantly improved in treated groups with both doses of carvacrol, pioglitazone, the combination of C-L+Pio-L and dexamethasone compared to PQ-H group (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Treatment with C-L+Pio-L showed significantly higher effects compared to each one alone (p < 0.05-p < 0.001). Systemic oxidative stress and inflammation due to inhaled PQ were improved by carvacrol and pioglitazone. Higher effects of C-L+Pio-L than each one alone suggests carvacrol modulating PPAR-γ receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Amin
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Arghavan Memarzia
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamideh Kazemi Rad
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Shakeri
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Ghorani V, Alavinezhad A, Rajabi O, Boskabady MH. Carvacrol improves pulmonary function tests, oxidant/antioxidant parameters and cytokine levels in asthmatic patients: A randomized, double-blind, clinical trial. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 85:153539. [PMID: 33773189 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carvacrol effects on inflammatory mediators, lung pathology and tracheal responsiveness were indicated in animal models of pulmonary diseases. PURPOSE To evaluate carvacrol effects on respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function tests (PFT), oxidative stress markers and cytokine levels in asthmatic patients. STUDY DESIGN This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind, clinical trial. METHODS Thirty-three moderate asthmatic patients were divided to the two groups of: placebo group (n = 16) and carvacrol group (1.2 mg/kg/day, n = 17). Prepared capsules were taken for two months along, 3 times/day along with routine medications. Respiratory symptoms, PFT, and oxidative stress markers were evaluated before the treatment (step 0), and one (step I) and two months (step II) after the beginning of the treatment. However, cytokine levels in serum and supernatant of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), and their gene expression were evaluated in step 0 and II. RESULTS In carvacrol-treated group, respiratory symptoms significantly decreased after one- and two-month treatment with carvacrol compared to pre-treatment values (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Compared to step 0, PFT values were significantly increased in step I and II, in treated group with carvacrol (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Most oxidative stress markers were improved following carvacrol treatment (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Treatment with carvacrol for two-month also significantly improved cytokine levels in serum and supernatant of PBMC, compared to step 0 (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). However, no significant changes were observed in the above-noted parameters in the placebo group. CONCLUSION Due to anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect, carvacrol could be suggested as a therapeutic agent for asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahideh Ghorani
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Azam Alavinezhad
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Omid Rajabi
- Department of Drug and Food Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Carvacrol and PPARγ agonist, pioglitazone, affects inhaled paraquat-induced lung injury in rats. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8129. [PMID: 33854134 PMCID: PMC8047048 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposed rats to normal saline and paraquat (PQ) aerosol as control and PQ group, rats exposed to PQ and treated with 20 and 80 mg/kg/day carvacrol, 5 and 10 mg/kg/day pioglitazone, low dose of pioglitazone + carvacrol and 0.03 mg/kg/day dexamethasone (Dexa) for 16 days after the end of PQ exposure were studied (n = 6 in each group). Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and ovalbumin (OVA) as well as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) and interleukin (IL)-6 level in the lung tissue homogenize as well as TGF-β, IL-6, oxidant and antioxidant levels oxidant and antioxidants were increased in PQ group (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). Lung pathological changes, tracheal responsiveness to methacholine and OVA as well as TGF-β, IL-6 oxidant and antioxidant levels were improved in all treated groups except lung pathological changes in treated group with low dose of pioglitazone (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). The effects of low dose of pioglitazone and carvacrol alone were significantly lower than in the combination group of low dose of pioglitazone + carvacrol (p < 0.05 to p < 0.001). Carvacrol treatment improved inhaled PQ-induced lug injury similar to the effects of dexamethasone. The synergic effect of carvacrol and pioglitazone suggests PPAR-γ receptor mediated effects of carvacrol on inhaled PQ-induced lung injury.
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Saadat S, Aslani MR, Ghorani V, Keyhanmanesh R, Boskabady MH. The effects of Nigella sativa on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders, evidence from experimental and clinical studies, a comprehensive and updated review. Phytother Res 2021; 35:2968-2996. [PMID: 33455047 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 11/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Nigella sativa (N. sativa) seed had been used traditionally due to several pharmacological effects. The updated experimental and clinical effects of N. sativa and its constituents on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders are provided in this comprehensive review article. Various databases including PubMed, Science Direct and Scopus were used. The preventive effects of N. sativa on pulmonary diseases were mainly due to its constituents such as thymoquinone, thymol, carvacrol and alpha-hederin. Extracts and constituents of N. sativa showed the relaxant effect, with possible mechanisms indicating its bronchodilatory effect in obstructive pulmonary diseases. In experimental animal models of different respiratory diseases, the preventive effect of various extracts and constituents of N. sativa was demonstrated by mechanisms such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory effects. Bronchodilatory and preventive effects of the plant and its components on asthma, COPD and lung disorders due to exposure to noxious agents as well as on allergic and immunologic disorders were also shown in the clinical studies. Various extracts and constituents of N. sativa showed pharmacological and therapeutic effects on respiratory, allergic and immunologic disorders indicating possible remedy effect of that the plant and its effective substances in treating respiratory, allergic and immunologic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Saadat
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Aslani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Lung Inflammatory Diseases Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Clinical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rana Keyhanmanesh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Boskabady
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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