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Xie H, Deng YM, Li JY, Xie KH, Tao T, Zhang JF. Predicting the risk of primary Sjögren's syndrome with key N7-methylguanosine-related genes: A novel XGBoost model. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31307. [PMID: 38803884 PMCID: PMC11128997 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives N7-methylguanosine (m7G) plays a crucial role in mRNA metabolism and other biological processes. However, its regulators' function in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (PSS) remains enigmatic. Methods We screened five key m7G-related genes across multiple datasets, leveraging statistical and machine learning computations. Based on these genes, we developed a prediction model employing the extreme gradient boosting decision tree (XGBoost) method to assess PSS risk. Immune infiltration in PSS samples was analyzed using the ssGSEA method, revealing the immune landscape of PSS patients. Results The XGBoost model exhibited high accuracy, AUC, sensitivity, and specificity in both training, test sets and extra-test set. The decision curve confirmed its clinical utility. Our findings suggest that m7G methylation might contribute to PSS pathogenesis through immune modulation. Conclusions m7G regulators play an important role in the development of PSS. Our study of m7G-realted genes may inform future immunotherapy strategies for PSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Xie
- Department of Radiotherapy, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
- Faulty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, 999078, PR China
| | - Yin-mei Deng
- Department of Nursing, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
| | - Jiao-yan Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, The First Hospital of Changsha, 410005, Changsha, PR China
| | - Kai-hong Xie
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital (Clinical College) of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
| | - Tan Tao
- Faulty of Applied Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, 999078, PR China
| | - Jian-fang Zhang
- Department of Physical Examination, Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Beihu District, Chenzhou, 423000, PR China
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Zhang N, Ji C, Bao X, Peng X, Tang M, Yuan C. Uncovering potential new biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35534. [PMID: 37832090 PMCID: PMC10578719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is known as autoimmune disease characterized by damage to endocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for pSS using integrated bioinformatics analysis and explore the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Three pSS datasets (GSE7451, GSE23117, and GSE40611) from the gene expression omnibus database were integrated. All the datasets were processed in R (version 4.0.3). A total of 16 immune cells and 13 immune functions were obtained. The top immune cell and immune function were "activated" dendritic cells and major histocompatibility complex class I. Correlation analysis showed the top correlation among 16 immune cells were B cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, check-point and T cell co-stimulation, respectively. In comparisons of immune score, "activated" dendritic cells (.657 vs 594, P < .001), B cells (.492 vs 434, P = .004), macrophages (.631 vs 601, P = .010), inflammation-promoting (.545 vs 478, P < .001), Type I interferon Reponse (.728 vs 625, P < .001) and so on were higher in pSS than control group. In correlation analysis, the up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 gene was strongly correlated with Type I interferon response with a correlation coefficient of .87. The receiver operating characteristic curve of 5 genes showed that the area under curve was.891. In the verification model, the area under curve was.881. In addition, disease ontology analysis supported the association between DEGs and pSS. In summary, pSS has a variety of DEGs in immune infiltration, which is worthy of the attention from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chaixia Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xinyin Peng
- Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoju Tang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
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Alt-Holland A, Huang X, Mendez T, Singh ML, Papas AS, Cimmino J, Bairos T, Tzavaras E, Foley E, Pagni SE, Baleja JD. Identification of Salivary Metabolic Signatures Associated with Primary Sjögren's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:5891. [PMID: 37570863 PMCID: PMC10421170 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28155891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Sjögren's disease (SjD) is the second most prevalent autoimmune disorder that involves chronic inflammation of exocrine glands. Correct diagnosis of primary SjD (pSjD) can span over many years since disease symptoms manifest only in advanced stages of salivary and lachrymal glandular destruction, and consensus diagnostic methods have critical sensitivity and selectivity limitations. Using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, we determined the composition of metabolites in unstimulated saliva samples from 30 pSjD subjects and 30 participants who do not have Sjögren's disease (non-Sjögren's control group, NS-C). Thirty-four metabolites were quantified in each sample, and analysis was conducted on both non-normalized (concentration) and normalized metabolomics data from all study participants (ages 23-78) and on an age-restricted subset of the data (ages 30-70) while applying false discovery rate correction in determining data significance. The normalized data of saliva samples from all study participants, and of the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate, as well as significant decreases in the levels of 5-aminopentanoate, acetate, butyrate and propionate, in subjects with pSjD compared to subjects in the NS-C group. Additionally, a significant increase in choline was found only in the age-restricted subset, and a significant decrease in fucose was found only in the whole study population in normalized data of saliva samples from the pSjD group compared to the NS-C group. Metabolite concentration data of saliva samples from all study participants, but not from the age-restricted subset, indicated significant increases in the levels of glucose, glycerol, taurine, and lactate in subjects with pSjD compared to controls. The study showed that NMR metabolomics can be implemented in defining salivary metabolic signatures that are associated with disease status, and can contribute to differential analysis between subjects with pSjD and those who are not affected with this disease, in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Addy Alt-Holland
- Department of Endodontics, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Xuejian Huang
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tatiana Mendez
- Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Mabi L. Singh
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Athena S. Papas
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Joseph Cimmino
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Tiffany Bairos
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth Tzavaras
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Elizabeth Foley
- Department of Diagnostics Sciences, Division of Oral Medicine, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Sarah E. Pagni
- Department of Public Health and Community Service, Division of Biostatistics and Experimental Design, Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, One Kneeland Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - James D. Baleja
- Program in Pharmacology and Drug Development, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Medical Education, Tufts University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, USA
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Jin L, Dai M, Li C, Wang J, Wu B. Risk factors for primary Sjögren's Syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Rheumatol 2023; 42:327-338. [PMID: 36534351 PMCID: PMC9873717 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-022-06474-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) by conducting a meta-analysis of observational studies. METHODS Four electronic databases were searched from inception to August 2022. The search strategy included medical subject headings (MeSH) and text words. Outcomes were calculated and reported as the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS Twelve studies consisting of nine case-control and three cohort studies were analyzed. Significant positive relationships between infection, a family history of autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives, negative stressful life events, CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene and the onset of pSS were found, with pooled ORs and 95% CIs of 2.73 (1.93, 3.86), 5.93 (3.34, 10.52), 1.69 (1.27, 2.24) and 2.69 (1.97, 3.66), respectively. In contrast, the results showed that a history of smoking was not associated with the onset of pSS, with a pooled OR and 95% CI of 1.39 (0.76, 2.53). However, a statistically significant negative association between current smoking and pSS was detected, with a pooled OR and 95% CI of 0.4 (0.29, 0.83). CONCLUSIONS Our research indicated that infection, a family history of autoimmune disease in first-degree relatives, negative stressful life events and CGGGG insertion/deletion polymorphisms in the IRF5 gene might be risk factors for pSS. In contrast, our study demonstrated that a history of smoking was not associated with the onset of pSS, whereas current smoking was negatively associated with pSS onset. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION We registered this review on INPLASY ( https://inplasy.com/ ) under registration number INPLASY202230005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Jin
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Pan Xi Qi Zhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021 China ,Shenzhen Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.6001, Beihuan Avenue, Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000 China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Pan Xi Qi Zhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021 China
| | - Chengyin Li
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Pan Xi Qi Zhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021 China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Pan Xi Qi Zhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021 China
| | - Bin Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Chongqing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 6, Pan Xi Qi Zhi Road, Jiangbei District, Chongqing, 400021 China
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Ji J, Zhang X, Ling Y, Tian J, Wang Y, Luo Y, Zhu R, Zhou Y, Zhu T, Wang L, Zhu H. Hsa_circ_0008301 as a potential biomarker of disease activity for primary Sjogren's syndrome: Increased expression in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjogren's syndrome. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 112:109231. [PMID: 36113315 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the expression level, association with disease activity and clinical significance of hsa_circ_0008301 in the peripheral blood of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS We selected 70 pSS patients hospitalized under the Rheumatology service line at the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University from September 2018 to June 2021 as the disease group, in which general data and clinical indicators were collected. Fifty-three patients with healthy physical examinations for the same period were selected as the healthy control group, and 32 patients with non-pSS rheumatic diseases were selected as the disease control group. We collected peripheral blood samples and used fluorescence quantitative PCR to detect the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301. In addition, we analyzed the association of the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 with the clinical characteristics and disease activity of pSS patients. A receiver operating characteristic curve was used to evaluate the diagnosis and the disease activity value of hsa_circ_0008301 in patients with pSS. Meanwhile, we analyzed the differential expression of hsa_circ_0008301 in 24 pSS patients selected from the disease group before and after treatment. RESULTS The relative expression of hsa_circ_0008301 in the peripheral blood of pSS patients was significantly higher than that in the control groups including healthy control group and disease control group. The expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 was high in pSS patients with a course of disease ≥ 10 years, fatigue symptoms, platelets < 100*10^9/L, erythrocyte sedimentation rate ≥ 50 mm/h, immunoglobulin IgG > 16 g/L, complement C3 < 0.9 g/L, ESSDAI score ≥ 5 and positively correlated with the above groups. Furthermore, ROC analysis showed that hsa_circ_0008301 was statistically significant between pSS patients and healthy controls. We selected patients from the disease group before and after treatment and showed that the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 decreased significantly after treatment, compared with before. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.825 (95% CI: 0.754 ∼ 0.897; P < 0.0001). The AUC of hsa_circ_0008301 in pSS patients and the disease control group was 0.673 (95% CI: 0.563 ∼ 0.782; P = 0.005), the sensitivity was 40.00%, the specificity was 93.70%, the optimal truncation value was > 0.0420, and the maximum Youden index was 0.337. In addition, ROC analysis revealed that hsa_circ_0008301 was statistically significant between disease-active patients and stable patients. The AUC value was 0.681 (95% CI: 0.553 ∼ 0.809; P = 0.010), the sensitivity was 65.90%, the specificity was 72.40%, the optimal truncation value was > 0.0285, and the maximum Youden index was 0.383. ROC analysis indicated that hsa_circ_0008301 has some value in the diagnosis and disease activity of patients with pSS. Comparison of 24 pSS patients selected from the disease group before and after treatment showed that the expression level of hsa_circ_0008301 decreased significantly after treatment compared with before treatment (Z = - 4.257, P < 0.0001). ROC analysis indicated that hsa_circ_0008301 has some value in the diagnosis and disease activity of patients with pSS. CONCLUSIONS Hsa_circ_0008301 is expressed in higher levels in the peripheral blood of patients with pSS, which is related to the disease activity. It may be involved in the occurrence and development of pSS and may have a potential biomarker for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghui Ji
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Liver Disease Research, the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
| | - Yitong Ling
- Department of Neurology, Rizhao People's Hospital, Rizhao 276826, Shandong, China
| | - Jinhai Tian
- Biochip Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yunxia Luo
- Department of Internal medicine 2, Changdu People's Hospital, Changdu 854000, Xizang, China
| | - Rong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Tiantian Zhu
- Yinchuan Yiyang Geriatric Hospital, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Libin Wang
- Biochip Center, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Ding J, Su G, Wang H, Tian X, Xu J, Li N, Luo X, Yang P. Comparison of metabolic profiles in aqueous humor of Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral-induced anterior uveitis patients. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2022; 50:1065-1081. [PMID: 35849327 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate and compare the metabolic profiles in the aqueous humor of Han Chinese patients with Fuchs' syndrome and presumed viral-induced anterior uveitis (PVIAU). METHODS The metabolites in the aqueous humor of 20 Fuchs' syndrome patients, 20 PVIAU patients and 20 senile cataract control patients were detected by liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. Differential metabolites were analyzed by Student's t-test, multivariate analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis was applied to explore the potential disrupted metabolic pathways in Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU. RESULTS Comparisons of metabolic profiles identified 29 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and controls, 36 differential metabolites between PVIAU patients and controls, and 30 differential metabolites between Fuchs' syndrome patients and PVIAU patients. DL-serine was markedly elevated in Fuchs' syndrome, and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in PVIAU. KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the differential metabolites in Fuchs' syndrome compared with control were mostly enriched in central carbon metabolism in cancer, adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and mineral absorption, while those in PVIAU compared with control were mostly enriched in protein digestion and absorption, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, and ABC transporters. The metabolic pathways differentially affected in Fuchs' syndrome compared to PVIAU included central carbon metabolism in cancer, protein digestion and absorption, and ascorbate and aldarate metabolism. CONCLUSIONS In Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU patients, the aqueous humor exhibited specific metabolic profiles and enriched metabolic pathways, which provides a better understanding of the pathogenesis of Fuchs' syndrome and PVIAU in Han Chinese patients. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadong Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Guannan Su
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Huafei Wang
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xin Tian
- Department of Biological Sample Bank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiang Luo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
| | - Peizeng Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Province Eye Hospital, Henan International Joint Research Laboratory for Ocular Immunology and Retinal Injury Repair, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China; The Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, Chongqing Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Chongqing, China
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Xing Y, Li B, He J, Hua H. Labial Gland Mesenchymal Stem Cell Derived Exosomes-Mediated miRNA-125b Attenuates Experimental Sjogren's Syndrome by Targeting PRDM1 and Suppressing Plasma Cells. Front Immunol 2022; 13:871096. [PMID: 35444638 PMCID: PMC9014006 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.871096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of the prototypical chronic autoimmune disorder primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) has been thought to be B-cell-centric, based on serum autoantibodies, the increased risk of B cell lymphoma, and altered B cell subsets in patients with pSS. Over the last 10 years, therapies targeting B cells have been investigated for pSS; however, current evidence for the efficacy of B cell targeted therapies in pSS is still sparse. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) might represent a promising strategy for cell therapy of autoimmune diseases via regulation of immune cells. MSC-released exosomes carry various bioactive molecules and thus have been studied in MSC-based therapy. The newly discovered labial gland MSCs (LGMSCs) have exhibited enhanced performance. Herein, we aimed to determine the effects of LGMSC-derived exosomes (LGMSC-Exos) on the symptoms of a mouse model of pSS and their regulatory effect and mechanism on B cell subsets. In vivo, treatment of the spontaneous mouse model of pSS with LGMSC-Exos resulted in reduced inflammatory infiltration and restored saliva secretion in salivary glands. In vitro, coculture of LGMSC-Exos with peripheral blood mononuclear cells of patients with pSS markedly reduced the proportions of CD19+CD20-CD27+CD38+ plasma cells among peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Further investigations provided evidence that LGMSC-Exo-derived microRNA-125b affected plasma cells of pSS by directly binding to its target gene, PRDM1 (PR domain zinc finger protein 1, also known as BLIMP1), which might be developed as a target to treat pSS. Overall, these findings provided a possible exploitable therapeutic target in pSS and provide new insights into the potential therapeutic application of exosomes in pSS and other disease mediated by B-cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixiao Xing
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Boya Li
- Department of Oral Medicine, First Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing He
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Hua
- Department of Oral Medicine, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Abstract
Systemic autoimmune diseases are reportedly associated with a high frequency of drug allergies. In particular, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren's syndrome (SS), and adult-onset Still's disease (AOSD) have recently drawn attention. Based on previous reports, drug allergies have been reported in 17.1-63%, 7-40.1%, and 17.6-54% of patients with SS, SLE, and AOSD patients, respectively. Antimicrobial agents, including sulfa drugs and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, are the most common causative agents of drug allergies. However, few studies have examined in detail the relationship between drug eruptions, a major symptom of drug allergy, and systemic autoimmune diseases, and their actual status remains unclear. These autoimmune diseases commonly exhibit a diverse range of skin manifestations in the course of these diseases, rendering it may be difficult to determine whether it is a true drug eruption. Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS)/toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN), a fatal, severe drug eruption, has also been associated with autoimmune diseases. The development of SS-like symptoms after SJS/TEN onset and high prevalence of anti-SS-A antibodies in SJS/TEN are intriguing observations. Although the presence of SLE is known to be a risk factor for SJS/TEN, common pathological conditions, such as excessive immune status, abnormal function of regulatory T cells, and neutrophil extracellular traps in autoimmune diseases such as SS and SLE, are potentially involved in the development of drug eruptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Watanabe
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.
| | - Yukie Yamaguchi
- Department of Environmental Immuno-Dermatology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
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9
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Cui J, Li H, Wang T, Shen Q, Yang Y, Yu X, Hu H. Novel Immune-Related Genetic Expression for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 8:719958. [PMID: 35047519 PMCID: PMC8761677 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.719958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To identify novel immune-related genes expressed in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Methods: Gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened. The differences in immune cell proportion between normal and diseased tissues were compared, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was conducted to identify key modules, followed by a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network generation and enrichment analysis. The feature genes were screened and verified using the GEO datasets and quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: A total of 345 DEGs were identified, and the proportions of gamma delta T cells, memory B cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and activated dendritic cells differed significantly between the control and pSS groups. The turquoise module indicated the highest correlation with pSS, and 252 key genes were identified. The PPI network of key genes showed that RPL9, RBX1, and RPL31 had a relatively higher degree. In addition, the key genes were mainly enriched in coronavirus disease-COVID-2019, hepatitis C, and influenza A. Fourteen feature genes were obtained using the support vector machine model, and two subtypes were identified. The genes in the two subtypes were mainly enriched in the JAK-STAT, p53, and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. The majority of the feature genes were upregulated in the pSS group, verified using the GEO datasets and RT-qPCR analysis. Conclusions: Memory B cells, gamma delta T cells, Tregs, activated dendritic cells, RPL9, RBX1, RPL31, and the feature genes possible play vital roles in the development of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Cui
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Tianling Wang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yuanhao Yang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Xiujuan Yu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
| | - Huaixia Hu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, East Hospital of the Second People's Hospital of Lianyungang City, Lianyungang, China
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10
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Chen G, Che L, Cai X, Zhu P, Ran J. Bioinformatic Analysis Identifies Biomarkers and Treatment Targets in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Patients with Fatigue. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:7697558. [PMID: 35075430 PMCID: PMC8783724 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7697558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We aim to identify the common genes, biological pathways, and treatment targets for primary Sjögren's syndrome patients with varying degrees of fatigue features. We select datasets about transcriptomic analyses of primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with different degrees of fatigue features and normal controls in peripheral blood. We identify common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) to find shared pathways and treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue and design a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network by some practical bioinformatic tools. And hub genes are detected based on the PPI network. We perform biological pathway analysis of common genes by Gene Ontology (GO) terms and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway. Lastly, potential treatment targets for pSS patients with fatigue are found by the Enrichr platform. We discovered that 27 DEGs are identified in pSS patients with fatigue features and the severe fatigued pSS-specific gene is RTP4. DEGs are mainly localized in the mitochondria, endosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and cytoplasm and are involved in the biological process by which interferon acts on cells and cells defend themselves against viruses. Molecular functions mainly involve the process of RNA synthesis. The DEGs of pSS are involved in the signaling pathways of viruses such as hepatitis C, influenza A, measles, and EBV. Acetohexamide PC3 UP, suloctidil HL60 UP, prenylamine HL60 UP, and chlorophyllin CTD 00000324 are the four most polygenic drug molecules. PSS patients with fatigue features have specific gene regulation, and chlorophyllin may alleviate fatigue symptoms in pSS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangshu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Li Che
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Xingdong Cai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
| | - Jianmin Ran
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510220, China
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11
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Horeth E, Oyelakin A, Song EAC, Che M, Bard J, Min S, Kiripolsky J, Kramer JM, Sinha S, Romano RA. Transcriptomic and Single-Cell Analysis Reveals Regulatory Networks and Cellular Heterogeneity in Mouse Primary Sjögren's Syndrome Salivary Glands. Front Immunol 2021; 12:729040. [PMID: 34912329 PMCID: PMC8666453 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.729040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren’s Syndrome (SS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of unknown etiology which primarily affects the salivary and lacrimal glands resulting in the loss of secretory function. Treatment options for SS have been hampered due to the lack of a better understanding of the underlying gene regulatory circuitry and the interplay between the myriad pathological cellular states that contribute to salivary gland dysfunction. To better elucidate the molecular nature of SS, we have performed RNA-sequencing analysis of the submandibular glands (SMG) of a well-established primary Sjögren’s Syndrome (pSS) mouse model. Our comprehensive examination of global gene expression and comparative analyses with additional SS mouse models and human datasets, have identified a number of important pathways and regulatory networks that are relevant in SS pathobiology. To complement these studies, we have performed single-cell RNA sequencing to examine and identify the molecular and cellular heterogeneity of the diseased cell populations of the mouse SMG. Interrogation of the single-cell transcriptomes has shed light on the diversity of immune cells that are dysregulated in SS and importantly, revealed an activated state of the salivary gland epithelial cells that contribute to the global immune mediated responses. Overall, our broad studies have not only revealed key pathways, mediators and new biomarkers, but have also uncovered the complex nature of the cellular populations in the SMG that are likely to drive the progression of SS. These newly discovered insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms and cellular states of SS will better inform targeted therapeutic discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jonathan Bard
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jeremy Kiripolsky
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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12
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Pontarini E, Coleby R, Bombardieri M. Cellular and molecular diversity in Sjogren's syndrome salivary glands: Towards a better definition of disease subsets. Semin Immunol 2021; 58:101547. [PMID: 34876330 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2021.101547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a highly heterogeneous disease in terms of clinical presentation ranging from a mild disease localised to the salivary and lacrimal glands, to multiorgan complications of various degrees of severity, finishing with the evolution, in around 5% of pSS patients, to B cell lymphomas most commonly arising in the inflamed salivary glands. Currently, there are poor positive or negative predictors of disease evolution able to guide patient management and treatment at early stages of the diseases. Recent understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms driving immunopathology in pSS, particularly through histological and transcriptomic analysis of minor and parotid salivary gland (SG) biopsies, has highlighted a high degree of cellular and molecular heterogeneity of the inflammatory lesions but also allowed the identification of clusters of patients with similar underlying SG immunopathology. In particular, patients presenting with high degrees of B/T cell infiltration and the formation of ectopic lymphoid structures (ELS) in the SG have been associated, albeit with conflicting results, with higher degree of disease severity and enhanced risk of lymphoma evolution, suggesting that a dysregulated adaptive immune response plays a key role in driving disease manifestations in pSS. Recent data from randomised clinical trials with novel biological therapies in pSS have also highlighted the potential role of SG immunopathology and molecular pathology in stratifying patients for trial inclusion as well as assessing proof of mechanisms in longitudinal SG biopsies before and after treatment. Although significant progress has been made in the understanding of disease pathogenesis and heterogeneity through cellular and molecular SG pathology, further work is needed to validate their clinical utility in routine clinical settings and in randomised clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Pontarini
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Coleby
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michele Bombardieri
- Centre for Experimental Medicine and Rheumatology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom.
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13
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Li N, Li L, Wu M, Li Y, Yang J, Wu Y, Xu H, Luo D, Gao Y, Fei X, Jiang L. Integrated Bioinformatics and Validation Reveal Potential Biomarkers Associated With Progression of Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697157. [PMID: 34367157 PMCID: PMC8343000 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease of the exocrine glands characterized by specific pathological features. Previous studies have pointed out that salivary glands from pSS patients express a unique profile of cytokines, adhesion molecules, and chemokines compared to those from healthy controls. However, there is limited evidence supporting the utility of individual markers for different stages of pSS. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers associated with pSS disease progression and analyze the associations between key genes and immune cells. Methods We combined our own RNA sequencing data with pSS datasets from the NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) via bioinformatics analysis. Salivary gland biopsies were collected from 14 pSS patients, 6 non-pSS patients, and 6 controls. Histochemical staining and transmission electron micrographs (TEM) were performed to macroscopically and microscopically characterize morphological features of labial salivary glands in different disease stages. Then, we performed quantitative PCR to validate hub genes. Finally, we analyzed correlations between selected hub genes and immune cells using the CIBERSORT algorithm. Results We identified twenty-eight DEGs that were upregulated in pSS patients compared to healthy controls. These were mainly involved in immune-related pathways and infection-related pathways. According to the morphological features of minor salivary glands, severe interlobular and periductal lymphocytic infiltrates, acinar atrophy and collagen in the interstitium, nuclear shrinkage, and microscopic organelle swelling were observed with pSS disease progression. Hub genes based on above twenty-eight DEGs, including MS4A1, CD19, TCL1A, CCL19, CXCL9, CD3G, and CD3D, were selected as potential biomarkers and verified by RT-PCR. Expression of these genes was correlated with T follicular helper cells, memory B cells and M1 macrophages. Conclusion Using transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis combined with our clinical data, we identified seven key genes that have potential value for evaluating pSS severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengyao Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yusi Li
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yicheng Wu
- Core Facility of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haimin Xu
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Luo
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Gao
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaochun Fei
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Liting Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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14
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de Paiva CS, Trujillo-Vargas CM, Schaefer L, Yu Z, Britton RA, Pflugfelder SC. Differentially Expressed Gene Pathways in the Conjunctiva of Sjögren Syndrome Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca. Front Immunol 2021; 12:702755. [PMID: 34349764 PMCID: PMC8326832 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.702755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Sjögren syndrome (SS) is an autoimmune condition that targets the salivary and lacrimal glands, with cardinal clinical signs of dry eye (keratoconjunctivitis sicca, KCS) and dry mouth. The conjunctiva of SS patients is often infiltrated by immune cells that participate in the induction and maintenance of local inflammation. The purpose of this study was to investigate immune-related molecular pathways activated in the conjunctiva of SS patients. Female SS patients (n=7) and controls (n=19) completed a series of oral, ocular surface exams. Symptom severity scores were evaluated using validated questionnaires (OSDI and SANDE). All patients fulfilled the ACR/EULAR criteria for SS and the criteria for KCS. Fluorescein and lissamine green dye staining evaluated tear-break-up time (TBUT), corneal and conjunctival disease, respectively. Impression cytology of the temporal bulbar conjunctiva was performed to collect cells lysed and subjected to gene expression analysis using the NanoString Immunology Panel. 53/594 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were observed between SS and healthy controls; 49 DEGs were upregulated, and 4 were downregulated (TRAF5, TGFBI, KLRAP1, and CMKLRI). The top 10 DEGs in descending order were BST2, IFITM1, LAMP3, CXCL1, IL19, CFB, LY96, MX1, IL4R, CDKN1A. Twenty pathways had a global significance score greater or equal to 2. Spearman correlations showed that 29/49 upregulated DEGs correlated with either TBUT (inverse) or OSDI or conjunctival staining score (positive correlations). Venn diagrams identified that 26/29 DEGs correlated with TBUT, 5/26 DEGs correlated with OSDI, and 16/26 correlated with conjunctival staining scores. Five upregulated DEGs (CFB, CFI, IL1R1, IL2RG, IL4R) were uniquely negatively correlated with TBUT. These data indicate that the conjunctiva of SS patients exhibits a phenotype of immune activation, although some genes could be inhibitory. Some of the DEGs and pathways overlap with previous DEGs in salivary gland biopsies, but new DEGs were identified, and some of these correlated with symptoms and signs of dry eye. Our results indicate that gene analysis of conjunctiva imprints is a powerful tool to understand the pathogenesis of SS and develop new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia S. de Paiva
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Claudia M. Trujillo-Vargas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
- Grupo de Inmunodeficiencias Primarias, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia UdeA, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Laura Schaefer
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Zhiyuan Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Robert A. Britton
- Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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15
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Lin Y, Yao X, Yan M, Zhou L, Huang W, Xiao Y, Wu D, Chen J. Integrated analysis of transcriptomics to identify hub genes in primary Sjögren's syndrome. Oral Dis 2021; 28:1831-1845. [PMID: 34145926 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The treatment of patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome is a clinical challenge. Gene expression profile analysis and comprehensive network methods for complex diseases can provide insight into molecular characteristics in the clinical context. MATERIALS AND METHODS We downloaded gene expression datasets from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. We screened differentially expressed genes (DEG) between the pSS patients and the controls by the robust rank aggregation (RRA) method. We explored DEGs' potential function using gene function annotation and PPI network analysis. RESULTS GSE23117 GSE40611 GSE80805 and GSE127952were included, including 38 patients and 30 controls. The RRA integrated analysis determined 294 significant DEGs (241 upregulated and 53 downregulated), and the most significant gene aberrantly expressed in SS was CXCL9 (p = 6.39E-15), followed by CXCL13 (p = 1.53E-13). Immune response (GO:0006955; p = 4.29E-32) was the most significantly enriched biological process in GO (gene ontology) analysis. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction (hsa04060; p = 6.46E-10) and chemokine signaling pathway (hsa04062; p = 9.54E-09) were significantly enriched. We defined PTPRC, CD86, and LCP2 as the hub genes based on the PPI results. CONCLUSION Our integrated analysis identified gene signatures and helped understand molecular changes in pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanjun Lin
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterial, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Stomatological Key Lab of Fujian College and University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Xiu Yao
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental Esthetics and Biomechanics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Mingdong Yan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Laboratory of Oral Tissue Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Wenxiu Huang
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Yanjun Xiao
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Dong Wu
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Department of Oral Implantology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Research Center of Dental and Craniofacial Implants, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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16
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Huang H, Xie W, Geng Y, Fan Y, Zhang Z. Mortality in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2021; 60:4029-4038. [PMID: 33878179 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keab364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It remains debated whether patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) are at greater risk of mortality. We aimed to determine the magnitude of all-cause mortality risk in patients with pSS compared with the general population through a systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS We searched Pubmed, EMBASE and Cochrane Library for studies published from inception to October 2020. STATA meta-analysis software was used to calculate the pooled risk estimates for mortality (standardized mortality ratio, SMR). RESULTS Our search identified 2796 articles, of which 14 studies with 14584 patients were eventually included for the analysis. A total of 902 deaths were observed. Overall, we found a 1.46-fold increased risk of death in pSS patients when compared with the general population (meta-SMR: 1.46, 95% CI 1.10-1.93). Subgroup analyses showed that mortality risks were higher in European countries (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.33), in retrospective studies (meta-SMR: 1.50, 95% CI 1.09-2.05), in studies based on referral cohorts (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI 1.04-2.30), in studies that enrolled patients >500 (meta-SMR: 1.70, 95% CI 1.11-2.61), and in studies with follow-up time longer than 8 years (meta-SMR: 1.55, 95% CI 0.87-2.77). Significantly greater mortality risk was found in patients with older age, male gender, vasculitis, interstitial lung disease, low complements, positive anti-La/SSB and cryoglobulinemia. CONCLUSION The existing data indicated ∼50% increase of mortality among patients with pSS compared with the general population. More attention should be paid to those patients with poor prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Wenhui Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yan Geng
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Yong Fan
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
| | - Zhuoli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing 100034, China
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17
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Liu YC, Yam GHF, Lin MTY, Teo E, Koh SK, Deng L, Zhou L, Tong L, Mehta JS. Comparison of tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles changes between small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). J Adv Res 2021; 29:67-81. [PMID: 33842006 PMCID: PMC8020296 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The tear proteomics and neuromediators are associated with clinical dry eye parameters following refractive surgery. Purpose To investigate and compare the tear proteomic and neuromediator profiles following small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) versus laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods In this randomized controlled trial with paired-eye design, 70 patients were randomized to receive SMILE in one eye and LASIK in the other eye. Tear samples were collected preoperatively, and 1 week, 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively, and were examined for protein concentration changes using sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectrometry (SWATH-MS). The data were analyzed with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources for enriched gene ontology terms and over-represented pathways. Tear neuromediators levels were correlated with clinical parameters. Results Post-SMILE eyes had significantly better Oxford staining scores and tear break-up time (TBUT) than post-LASIK eyes at 1 and 3 months, respectively. Tear substance P and nerve growth factor levels were significantly higher in the LASIK group for 3 months and 1 year, respectively. SMILE and LASIK shared some similar biological responses postoperatively, but there was significant up-regulation in leukocyte migration and wound healing at 1 week, humoral immune response and apoptosis at 1 month, negative regulation of endopeptidase activity at 3 to 6 months, and extracellular structure organization at 1 year in the post-LASIK eyes. Tear mucin-like protein 1 and substance P levels were significantly correlated with TBUT (r = -0.47, r = -0.49, respectively). Conclusion Significant differences in the tear neuromediators and proteomics were observed between SMILE and LASIK, even though clinical dry eye signs have subsided and became comparable between 2 procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Liu
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - Gary Hin-Fai Yam
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Molly Tzu-Yu Lin
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Ericia Teo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Siew-Kwan Koh
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Lu Deng
- Department of Statistics and Applied Probability, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lei Zhou
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Ocular Proteomics, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Louis Tong
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Ocular Surface Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
| | - Jodhbir S. Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore
- Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
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18
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Huijser E, Versnel MA. Making Sense of Intracellular Nucleic Acid Sensing in Type I Interferon Activation in Sjögren's Syndrome. J Clin Med 2021; 10:532. [PMID: 33540529 PMCID: PMC7867173 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10030532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune rheumatic disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mucous membranes, which can be accompanied by various extraglandular autoimmune manifestations. The majority of patients exhibit persistent systemic activation of the type I interferon (IFN) system, a feature that is shared with other systemic autoimmune diseases. Type I IFNs are integral to anti-viral immunity and are produced in response to stimulation of pattern recognition receptors, among which nucleic acid (NA) receptors. Dysregulated detection of endogenous NAs has been widely implicated in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune diseases. Stimulation of endosomal Toll-like receptors by NA-containing immune complexes are considered to contribute to the systemic type I IFN activation. Accumulating evidence suggest additional roles for cytosolic NA-sensing pathways in the pathogenesis of systemic autoimmune rheumatic diseases. In this review, we will provide an overview of the functions and signaling of intracellular RNA- and DNA-sensing receptors and summarize the evidence for a potential role of these receptors in the pathogenesis of pSS and the sustained systemic type I IFN activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marjan A. Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
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19
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Oyelakin A, Horeth E, Song EAC, Min S, Che M, Marzullo B, Lessard CJ, Rasmussen A, Radfar L, Scofield RH, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Grundahl K, De Rossi SS, Kurago Z, Farris AD, Sivils KL, Sinha S, Kramer JM, Romano RA. Transcriptomic and Network Analysis of Minor Salivary Glands of Patients With Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Immunol 2021; 11:606268. [PMID: 33488608 PMCID: PMC7821166 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.606268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized primarily by immune-mediated destruction of exocrine tissues, such as those of the salivary and lacrimal glands, resulting in the loss of saliva and tear production, respectively. This disease predominantly affects middle-aged women, often in an insidious manner with the accumulation of subtle changes in glandular function occurring over many years. Patients commonly suffer from pSS symptoms for years before receiving a diagnosis. Currently, there is no effective cure for pSS and treatment options and targeted therapy approaches are limited due to a lack of our overall understanding of the disease etiology and its underlying pathology. To better elucidate the underlying molecular nature of this disease, we have performed RNA-sequencing to generate a comprehensive global gene expression profile of minor salivary glands from an ethnically diverse cohort of patients with pSS. Gene expression analysis has identified a number of pathways and networks that are relevant in pSS pathogenesis. Moreover, our detailed integrative analysis has revealed a primary Sjögren’s syndrome molecular signature that may represent important players acting as potential drivers of this disease. Finally, we have established that the global transcriptomic changes in pSS are likely to be attributed not only to various immune cell types within the salivary gland but also epithelial cells which are likely playing a contributing role. Overall, our comprehensive studies provide a database-enriched framework and resource for the identification and examination of key pathways, mediators, and new biomarkers important in the pathogenesis of this disease with the long-term goals of facilitating earlier diagnosis of pSS and to mitigate or abrogate the progression of this debilitating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinsola Oyelakin
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Erich Horeth
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Eun-Ah Christine Song
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Sangwon Min
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Monika Che
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Brandon Marzullo
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Christopher J Lessard
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Lida Radfar
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - R Hal Scofield
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States.,Department of Veteran's Affairs Medical Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - David M Lewis
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Donald U Stone
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Scott S De Rossi
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - Zoya Kurago
- Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - A Darise Farris
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Kathy L Sivils
- Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, OK, United States
| | - Satrajit Sinha
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Jill M Kramer
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Rose-Anne Romano
- Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States.,Department of Biochemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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20
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Luo J, Liao X, Zhang L, Xu X, Ying S, Yu M, Zhu L, Lin S, Wang X. Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals Potential Roles of ICOS in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:592490. [PMID: 33344450 PMCID: PMC7747463 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.592490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a chronic systemic autoimmune disease characterized by exocrine gland damage and extraglandular involvements. To identify potential biomarkers for the early detection of pSS and to further investigate the potential roles of the biomarkers in the progression of pSS, our previous RNA sequencing data and four microarray data of salivary glands (SGs) were combined for integrative transcriptome analysis between pSS and non-pSS. Differential gene expression analysis, gene co-expression network analysis, and pathway analysis were conducted to detect hub genes, which were subsequently investigated in peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) and plasma. Correlation analysis, single-gene Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were applied to investigate the potential function of the hub genes and their classification capacity for pSS. A total of 51 common up-regulated genes were identified among different pSS cohorts. A key module was found to be the most closely linked to pSS, which was significantly associated with inflammation-related pathways. Seven overlapped hub genes (ICOS, SELL, CR2, BANK1, MS4A1, ZC3H12D, and CCR7) were identified, among which ICOS was demonstrated to be involved in most crucial immune pathways. ICOS was up-regulated not only in SGs but also in PBMC and plasma in pSS, and the expression of ICOS was closely associated with lymphocytic infiltration in SGs and disease activity of pSS patients. It showed a strong classification capacity with classic clinical index in SGs (ROC curve 0.9821) and significant distinct discrimination in PBMC (ROC curve 0.9107). These findings are expected to gain a further insight into the pathogenesis of pSS and provide a promising candidate for the early detection of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Luo
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Liao
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lihe Zhang
- Rheumatology Department, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Senhong Ying
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Mengjiao Yu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lixia Zhu
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suxian Lin
- Rheumatology Department, Wenzhou People’s Hospital, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiaobing Wang
- Rheumatology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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21
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Joachims ML, Leehan KM, Dozmorov MG, Georgescu C, Pan Z, Lawrence C, Marlin MC, Macwana S, Rasmussen A, Radfar L, Lewis DM, Stone DU, Grundahl K, Scofield RH, Lessard CJ, Wren JD, Thompson LF, Guthridge JM, Sivils KL, Moore JS, Farris AD. Sjögren's Syndrome Minor Salivary Gland CD4 + Memory T Cells Associate with Glandular Disease Features and have a Germinal Center T Follicular Helper Transcriptional Profile. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072164. [PMID: 32650575 PMCID: PMC7408878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the types of salivary gland (SG) T cells contributing to Sjögren's syndrome (SS), we evaluated SG T cell subtypes for association with disease features and compared the SG CD4+ memory T cell transcriptomes of subjects with either primary SS (pSS) or non-SS sicca (nSS). SG biopsies were evaluated for proportions and absolute numbers of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. SG memory CD4+ T cells were evaluated for gene expression by microarray. Differentially-expressed genes were identified, and gene set enrichment and pathways analyses were performed. CD4+CD45RA- T cells were increased in pSS compared to nSS subjects (33.2% vs. 22.2%, p < 0.0001), while CD8+CD45RA- T cells were decreased (38.5% vs. 46.0%, p = 0.0014). SG fibrosis positively correlated with numbers of memory T cells. Proportions of SG CD4+CD45RA- T cells correlated with focus score (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), corneal damage (r = 0.43, p < 0.0001), and serum Ro antibodies (r = 0.40, p < 0.0001). Differentially-expressed genes in CD4+CD45RA- cells indicated a T follicular helper (Tfh) profile, increased homing and increased cellular interactions. Predicted upstream drivers of the Tfh signature included TCR, TNF, TGF-β1, IL-4, and IL-21. In conclusion, the proportions and numbers of SG memory CD4+ T cells associate with key SS features, consistent with a central role in disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Joachims
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Kerry M. Leehan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Mikhail G. Dozmorov
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Constantin Georgescu
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Zijian Pan
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Christina Lawrence
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - M. Caleb Marlin
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Susan Macwana
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Astrid Rasmussen
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Lida Radfar
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 N Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.R.); (D.M.L.)
| | - David M. Lewis
- College of Dentistry, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1201 N Stonewall Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, USA; (L.R.); (D.M.L.)
| | - Donald U. Stone
- Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 608 Stanton L. Young Boulevard, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA;
| | - Kiely Grundahl
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - R. Hal Scofield
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 1100 N Lindsay Avenue, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
- Department of Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, 931 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Christopher J. Lessard
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Jonathan D. Wren
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Linda F. Thompson
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Joel M. Guthridge
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Kathy L. Sivils
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - Jacen S. Moore
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
| | - A. Darise Farris
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Arthritis & Clinical Immunology Program, 825 NE 13th Street, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA; (M.L.J.); (K.M.L.); (M.G.D.); (C.G.); (Z.P.); (C.L.); (M.C.M.); (S.M.); (A.R.); (K.G.); (R.H.S.); (C.J.L.); (J.D.W.); (L.F.T.); (J.M.G.); (K.L.S.); (J.S.M.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-405-271-7389
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22
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Wang J, Zhou L, Liu B. Update on disease pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of primary Sjögren's syndrome. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:723-727. [PMID: 32297483 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a typical multisystem disease, characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands leading to glandular dysfunction. Multiple systemic manifestations occur in those of serious conditions, with different courses and outcomes. Its pathogenesis is complex, and its diagnosis and management are being constantly updated and improved. We have failed to have much progress in targeted immunotherapy for pSS, and as yet this is still based on empirical treatment. Many studies have tried to define pSS more accurately, to study its pathogenesis, to find effective treatment strategies, opening up new avenues for early diagnosis and precise management of pSS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lingyan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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23
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Zhong D, Wu C, Bai J, Xu D, Zeng X, Wang Q. Co-expression network analysis reveals the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in juvenile dermatomyositis. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8611. [PMID: 32110496 PMCID: PMC7034382 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by chronic organ inflammation. The pathogenic mechanisms remain ill-defined. Methods Raw microarray data of JDM were obtained from the gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Based on the GSE3307 dataset with 39 samples, weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify key modules associated with pathological state. Functional enrichment analyses were conducted to identify potential mechanisms. Based on the criteria of high connectivity and module membership, candidate hub genes were selected. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed to identify hub genes. Another dataset (GSE11971) was used for the validation of real hub genes. Finally, the real hub genes were used to screen out small-molecule compounds via the Connectivity map database. Results Three modules were considered as key modules for the pathological state of JDM. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that responses to interferon and metabolism were dysregulated. A total of 45 candidate hub genes were selected according to the pre-established criteria, and 20 genes could differentiate JDM from normal controls by validation of another external dataset (GSE11971). These real hub genes suggested the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in JDM. Furthermore, drug repositioning highlighted the importance of acacetin, helveticoside, lanatoside C, deferoxamine, LY-294002, tanespimycin and L01AD from downregulated genes with the potential to perturb the development of JDM, while betonicine, felodipine, valproic acid, trichostatin A and sirolimus from upregulated genes provided potentially therapeutic goals for JDM. Conclusions There are 20 real hub genes associated with the pathological state of JDM, suggesting the pivotal role of mitochondrial dysfunction and interferon signature in JDM. This analysis predicted several kinds of small-molecule compounds to treat JDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Chanyuan Wu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Bai
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Rheumatology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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