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Yılmaz Koğar E, Koğar H. A Bifactor-ESEM Representation of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231206992. [PMID: 37860945 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231206992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine the factor structure of Turkish version of the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and to analyze its psychometric properties through the bifactor-ESEM framework. Using a convenience sample of 1124 Turkish adults, seven different models were tested. The results supported the superiority of a bifactor-ESEM solution that included three specific factors (family, friends, and significant others) and a general factor. In addition, bifactor indices showed that the general factor of MSPSS is not strong enough and its multidimensional structure is supported. For the bifactor-ESEM model, strict measurement invariance was achieved according to the gender variable. Our results supported convergent validity for the general and specific factors of the MSPSS, which were found to be associated with measures of distress, loneliness, and resilience. As a result, MSPSS is a valid and reliable measurement tool with its bifactor-ESEM model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esin Yılmaz Koğar
- Faculty of Education, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Hakan Koğar
- Faculty of Education, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey
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Khazaei M, Holder MD, Sirois FM, Gallagher MW. Development and Assessment of the Personal Emotional Capital Questionnaire for Adolescents. Eval Health Prof 2023; 46:69-83. [PMID: 36520096 DOI: 10.1177/01632787221146564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Higher emotional capital is associated with enhanced positive emotions, social relationships, social capital and human capital. The present study developed and evaluated a personal emotional capital questionnaire for adolescents (PECQ-A) that assessed 10 components of this capital. The PECQ-A was administrated to two samples of Iranian 15-year-olds from two Iranian cities (N1 = 600, N2 = 300, total N = 900) recruited using multistage random cluster sampling. A confirmatory factor analysis of the first sample confirmed the ten-factor structure of the PECQ-A. The reliability of PECQ-A was acceptable (Cronbach's α = .90, McDonald's ω = .88, AVE = .57, Composite reliability CR = .89). Analyses of the second sample revealed that the PECQ-A and its components exhibited convergent validity when compared to the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), the students' GPAs, and the students' mathematics and natural sciences scores. The PECQ-A demonstrated divergent validity when contrasted with the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS21). Test-retest reliability was acceptable. Invariance measurement was confirmed for the PECQ-A. A MANOVA identified several gender differences. PECQ-A scores were not sensitive to the order that the questionnaires were administered. The results suggest that the PECQ-A is a valid and reliable measure of personal emotional capital suitable for use with adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark D Holder
- Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada
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Yousefi Afrashteh M, Janjani P. Psychometric properties of the mental health continuum-short form in Iranian adolescents. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1096218. [PMID: 36844350 PMCID: PMC9948078 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1096218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Psychological tests are necessary to assess the mental state of individuals. Mental health is one of the important psychological indicators and is increasingly considered as having various aspects of well-being. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) is a 14-item instrument that assesses mental health, focusing on emotional, psychological, and social well-being. The present study, the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the MHC-SF were examined in relation to its factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, and gender measurement invariance among adolescents. Methods The population of this study was Iranian adolescents between 11-and 18-year-old who were enrolled in the seventh to twelfth grades. A convenience sample of 822 Adolescents from four large cities in the Iran (Tehran, Zanjan, Hamedan and Ghazvin) participated in the present study. Questionnaires were completed online. Statistical analyses to evaluate the factor structure, internal consistency, construct validity, gender and age factorial invariance were performed in SPSS and LISREL. Results According to the results of confirmatory factor analysis, the MHC-SF is composed of three factors: emotional, psychological, and social well-being. Reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha method and composite reliability (>0.7). Measurement invariance were confirmed among girls and boys. Convergent and divergent validity were also evaluated and confirmed by correlating the test score with similar and different tests. Conclusion This study confirmed the psychometric properties of MHC-SF in the Iranian adolescent community. This instrument can be used in psychological research and diagnostic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Yousefi Afrashteh
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran,*Correspondence: Majid Yousefi Afrashteh, ✉
| | - Parisa Janjani
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Imam Ali Hospital, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Kerman, Iran
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Coronel-Santos MA, Rodríguez-Macías JC. Integral definition and conceptual model of mental health: Proposal from a systematic review of different paradigms. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2022; 7:978804. [PMID: 36505761 PMCID: PMC9732731 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2022.978804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Global society presents a mental health scenario characterized by the prevalence of mental disorders and the limited existence of formal care services. Faced with such a context, it is necessary to review what is understood and done in favor of mental health. This implies, in the first instance, analyzing the concept of mental health from a comprehensive approach that takes into account different perspectives from the social and natural sciences, related factors, and care options. Therefore, the present work aimed to propose an integral definition and a conceptual model of mental health based on the Systematic Literature Review, with the PRISMA approach, of the theoretical frameworks of 52 articles related to mental health published up to February 2022. A qualitative approach was used, with a Grounded Theory design, which allowed comparing different paradigms and identifying gaps in conceptual notions to build an explanatory model of mental health. The results showed three dominant paradigms that circumscribe the concept of mental health. Mental health is understood as the absence of illness, positive mental health, and a state of equilibrium. In addition, the need to propose a definition that integrates these dominant paradigms was mainly identified, and that would allow a broader understanding of the state of equilibrium as the basic process through which the individual must pass in the search for personal recovery. From the comparative analysis of the categories designated according to the Grounded Theory approach, an explanatory model was proposed to define mental health as the internal process of self-care, centered on the self-awareness and self-regulation of the human being, in which the person seeks to balance their feelings, thoughts, and behaviors, intrapersonal and interpersonal ones, to approach an optimal state of wellbeing and absence of mental disorders according to universal values and symptoms, and biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors.
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Khazaei M, Holder MD, Sirois FM, Oades LG, Gallagher MW. Evaluating the psychometric properties of the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) in Iranian adolescents. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-02970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hernández-Torrano D, Ibrayeva L, Muratkyzy A, Lim N, Nurtayev Y, Almukhambetova A, Clementi A, Sparks J. Validation of a Kazakhstani Version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. Front Psychol 2021; 12:754236. [PMID: 34721234 PMCID: PMC8548629 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.754236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Positive mental health and well-being are significant dimensions of health, employment, and educational outcomes. Research on positive mental health and well-being requires measurement instruments in native languages for use in local contexts and target populations. This study examines the psychometric properties of the Kazakhstani version of the Mental Health Continuum—Short Form (MHC-SF), a brief self-report instrument measuring emotional, social, and psychological well-being. The sample included 664 University students (425 females) purposefully selected in three higher education institutions in South, East, and Central Kazakhstan. Their average age was 20.25 and ranged from 18 to 43. Participants completed a Kazakhstani version of the MHC-SF online. Statistical analyses to evaluate the structural validity, reliability, and measurement invariance of the Kazakhstani version of the MHC-SF were performed. The results confirmed the superiority of the bifactor model (i.e., three separated factors of well-being plus a general factor of well-being) over the alternatives. However, most of the reliable variance was attributable to the general well-being factor. Subscale scores were unreliable, explaining very low variance beyond that explained by the general factor. The findings demonstrated the measurement invariance of the MHC-SF across gender and age. Overall, these findings support the use of the Kazakhstani version of the MHC-SF to examine a general factor of well-being and the measurement invariance of the instrument across gender and age groups. However, the results advise against the interpretation of the subscale scores as unequivocal indicators of emotional, social, and psychological well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ibrayeva
- Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Ainur Muratkyzy
- Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Natalya Lim
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerden Nurtayev
- Health and Wellness Center, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | | | - Alessandra Clementi
- Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University School of Medicine, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Jason Sparks
- Graduate School of Education, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
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Pir S, Hashemi L, Gulliver P, Fanslow J. Psychometric evaluation of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in a New Zealand context – a confirmatory factor analysis. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02401-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Appiah R, Schutte L, Wilson Fadiji A, Wissing MP, Cromhout A. Factorial validity of the Twi versions of five measures of mental health and well-being in Ghana. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236707. [PMID: 32780773 PMCID: PMC7418998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mental health is considered an integral part of human health. Reliable and valid measurement instruments are needed to assess various facets of mental health in the native language of the people involved. This paper reports on five studies examining evidence for the factorial validity of the Twi versions of five mental health and well-being measurement instruments: Affectometer-2 (AFM-2); Automatic Thought Questionnaire-Positive (ATQ-P); Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale (GSEs); Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9); and Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) in a rural Ghanaian adult sample. METHOD Measures were translated and evaluated using a research-committee approach, pilot-tested, and administered to adults (N = 444) randomly selected from four rural poor communities in Ghana. We applied confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bifactor CFA, exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and bifactor ESEM to the AFM-2, ATQ-P, and the PHQ-9, and CFA to the GSEs and the SWLS. The omega coefficient of composite reliability was computed for each measure. RESULTS A two-factor bifactor ESEM model displayed superior model fit for the AFM-2. The total scale and the Negative Affect subscale, but not the Positive Affect subscale, attained sufficient reliability. Two models (a four-factor 22-item bifactor ESEM model and a 5-factor 22-item ESEM model) fitted the data best for the ATQ-P. The bifactor ESEM model displayed a high reliability value for the total scale and satisfactory reliability values for three of its four subscales. For the GSEs, a one-factor CFA model (residuals of items 4 and 5 correlated) demonstrated superior model fit with a high reliability score for the total scale. A two-factor ESEM model outperformed all other models fitted for the PHQ-9, with moderate and satisfactory reliability scores for the subscales. A one-factor CFA model (residuals of item 4 and 5 correlated) demonstrated superior model fit for the SWLS, with a satisfactory reliability value for the total scale. CONCLUSIONS Findings established evidence for the factorial validity of the Twi versions of all five measures, with the global scores, but not all subscale scores, demonstrating satisfactory reliability. These validated measurement instruments can be used to assess mental health and well-being in the research and practice contexts of the current sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Appiah
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- College of Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Lusilda Schutte
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Angelina Wilson Fadiji
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
- Inclusive Economic Development, Human Sciences Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Marié P. Wissing
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - Amanda Cromhout
- Africa Unit for Transdisciplinary Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Joshanloo M. Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the MHC-SF in the USA. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. This study examines the factor structure of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in a sample of 23,674 students at 26 American universities. The measurement invariance of the scale is also examined across gender, nationality, and sexual orientation. Exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) are used for data analysis. The results support the three-dimensional factor structure of the scale as well as full or partial measurement invariance across the groups. Results show that Item 13 (related to autonomy) demonstrates differential item functioning across gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Stanga V, Turrina C, Valsecchi P, Sacchetti E, Vita A. Well-being in patients with schizophrenia, mood and personality disorders attending psychiatric services in the community. A controlled study. Compr Psychiatry 2019; 91:1-5. [PMID: 30852390 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor attention is paid by recent research to the prevalence of mental well-being in psychiatric patients and the comparison between groups with different diagnoses. Data suggest that the presence of mental illness does not necessarily mean the absence of well-being, particularly in stable outpatients. METHODS A consecutive series of 375 patients attending two community mental health centers was given the Mental Health Continuum Short Form (MHC-SF) and the Clinical Global Impression - Severity scale. Diagnoses were made after the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview and a chart review of all relevant clinical information. The flourishing category and the three components of MHC-SF were used to rate well-being. A total of 274 controls were taken from the employees at a local firm. RESULTS The rates of flourishing mental health were: 33.1% schizophrenia, 36.6% bipolar disorder, 23.3% unipolar depression, 24.4% cluster B personality disorder, and 53.3% controls (p < 0.001). The comparison of the three MHC components across diagnostic groups found that unipolar depression and cluster B personality patients had significantly lower scores compared to bipolar and schizophrenia patients. Flourishing mental health was detected more often in males than females (34.9% vs. 24.1% - p < 0.05). For schizophrenia patients indices of well-being were better in those on depot medications. CONCLUSIONS Psychiatric outpatients with major mental illness have lower rates of well-being compared to controls, although about one-third is flourishing. Patients with unipolar depression and cluster B personality disorder may deserve special attention when planning intervention for fostering well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Stanga
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Cesare Turrina
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Paolo Valsecchi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Emilio Sacchetti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Department of Mental Health, ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
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Ferentinos P, Yotsidi V, Porichi E, Douzenis A, Papageorgiou C, Stalikas A. Well-being in Patients with Affective Disorders Compared to Nonclinical Participants: A Multi-Model Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form. J Clin Psychol 2019; 75:1585-1612. [PMID: 30995352 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF), measuring emotional, social, and psychological well-being, has scarcely been validated in clinical populations. We evaluated MHC-SF in 203 patients with affective disorders and 163 nonclinical participants. METHOD Traditional confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), bifactor CFA, three-factor exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM), and bifactor ESEM models were compared. Convergent/discriminant validity was tested against classic well-being validators and current mood state. RESULTS All three subscales were significantly lower in patients. Test-retest reliability in patients was moderate. Bifactor ESEM fitted data best and displayed full scalar gender and partial scalar invariance across groups. Factor strength indices suggested that MHC-SF is primarily unidimensional, especially in patients. However, subscales differed considerably on size, internal consistency, distinctness, discriminant validity, and temporal stability. CONCLUSIONS MHC-SF was valid and reliable for monitoring well-being in both clinical and nonclinical samples, but further research is needed before safely concluding on its dimensionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Ferentinos
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Yotsidi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens, Greece.,Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Department of Psychology, Athens, Greece
| | - Evgenia Porichi
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens, Greece
| | - Athanassios Douzenis
- National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2nd Department of Psychiatry, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Anastassios Stalikas
- Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences, Department of Psychology, Athens, Greece
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Measuring the performance of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) in a primary care youth mental health service. Ir J Psychol Med 2019; 36:201-205. [DOI: 10.1017/ipm.2018.55] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
ObjectivesMental health is regarded as more than the absence of mental health difficulties, with clinical and research focus moving towards measurement of well-being. The Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) was developed to assess overall and emotional, social and psychological well-being. Little is known about the use of the MHC-SF with young people engaging with mental health services. The current pilot study sought to examine the performance of the MHC-SF in an Irish primary care youth mental health service for 12–25 year olds.MethodsA sample of 229 young people (female n=143; male n=85, unknown n=1) aged 12–24 years (M=15.87, SD=2.51) who completed the MHC-SF prior to commencing their first intervention session in Jigsaw participated in this study. The psychometric properties of the MHC-SF were investigated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach’s alpha for internal consistency.ResultsCFA supported the three-factor structure of the MHC-SF for emotional, social, and psychological well-being, and very good internal consistency was observed.ConclusionFindings provide evidence for the psychometric properties of the MHC-SF in a primary care youth mental health setting, and suggest that the MHC-SF’s three-factor structure is valid for use in this context. Limitations and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Franken K, Lamers SM, Ten Klooster PM, Bohlmeijer ET, Westerhof GJ. Validation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form and the dual continua model of well-being and psychopathology in an adult mental health setting. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:2187-2202. [PMID: 29978482 PMCID: PMC6282789 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The growing evidence for the dual continua model of psychopathology and well-being has important implications for measuring outcomes in mental health care. The aim of the current study is to validate a measure of well-being as well as the dual continua model in adults with mood, anxiety, personality, and developmental disorders. METHODS 472 adult psychiatric outpatients filled out the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF) and the Outcome Questionnaire before start of treatment. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) confirmed the three-factor structure of emotional, psychological, and social well-being of the MHC-SF. The dual continua model had the best fit in the complete sample and the different diagnostic groups. CONCLUSION The MHC-SF is a reliable and valid instrument to measure well-being in the psychiatric population. Although relatively high correlations between psychopathology and well-being exist, the results underline the importance to measure well-being in addition to psychopathology in mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katinka Franken
- University of TwenteEnschedeThe Netherlands
- GGNetWarnsveldThe Netherlands
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Laverdière O, Descôteaux J, Beaulieu-Tremblay T, Simard V. Attachment assessment in clinical practice: Factor structure of the attachment questionnaire. J Clin Psychol 2018; 75:546-561. [PMID: 30368817 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attachment theory is of great relevance to psychotherapy process and outcome. The labor-intensive and time-consuming nature of attachment codification impedes its widespread use in clinical practice. The Attachment Questionnaire (AQ), a clinician-rated instrument, was developed to address these limitations. However, the status of validation of the AQ remains preliminary. The objective of this study is to further validate the AQ by evaluating its factor structure and convergent validity. METHODS To this end, 389 psychotherapists completed the AQ and assessed patients' personality disorders and level of functioning. RESULTS Factor analyses revealed that a five-factor solution provided a better fit than the original four-factor solution. The additional factor, inhibited exploration, captured difficulties in open, nondefensive, exploration of memories and their effects. Correlations between AQ factors and criterion variables support the convergent validity of the AQ. CONCLUSIONS These results are discussed in light of patients' characteristics and recent advances in attachment research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Laverdière
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean Descôteaux
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Valérie Simard
- Département de Psychologie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
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Silverman AL, Forgeard M, Beard C, Björgvinsson T. Psychometric Properties of the Mental Health Continuum – Short Form in a Psychiatric Sample. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41543-018-0011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Joshanloo M. The structure of the MHC-SF in a large American sample: contributions of multidimensional scaling. J Ment Health 2018; 29:139-143. [PMID: 29698065 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1466044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Multidimensional scaling (MDS) is a data reduction tool that produces a visual representation of the association between variables to facilitate the identification of underlying concepts and structures. This technique has been underused in well-being research.Aim: This study used MDS to unravel the underlying concepts and structures in the 14 items of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF).Methods: A sample of 22 606 American students was used. Two-dimensional MDS plots were generated for the entire sample, and separately for each gender group.Results: MDS yielded three non-overlapping clusters of the items that correspond to the three hypothesized well-being concepts measured by the MHC-SF. The results also showed that the items vary along the two underlying dimensions of personal vs. social, and hedonic vs. eudaimonic. The same general structure was found in both females and males.Conclusion: These results supplement and extend the findings of prior factor analytic studies on the MHC-SF by showing that the items of the scale can be distinguished along two separate continua. The results also support the tripartite model of mental well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
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Joshanloo M. Evaluating the Factor Structure of the MIDI Personality Scale Using Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling. JAPANESE PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jpr.12186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Factorial/Discriminant Validity and Longitudinal Measurement Invariance of MHC-SF in Korean Young Adults. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9742-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Joshanloo M. Structural and discriminant validity of the tripartite model of mental well-being: differential relationships with the big five traits. J Ment Health 2017; 28:168-174. [PMID: 28868947 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1370633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tripartite model of mental well-being offers a comprehensive account of the nature of mental well-being. According to this model, mental well-being is composed of three distinct yet related dimensions of subjective (hedonic), psychological and social well-being. AIMS The present study investigated the structural and discriminant validity of the three well-being factors. METHODS A large American sample (N = 2732) was used. Data were analyzed using both Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Exploratory Structural Equation Modeling (ESEM). RESULTS It was found that the well-being variables loaded on three separate factors, indicating that the tripartite model was consistent with the data. Discriminant validity was further evidenced by moderate correlations between the latent factors, and differential relationships with the Big Five personality traits. ESEM proved to be a more appropriate approach for analyzing the data given the presence of cross-loadings. CONCLUSIONS These results support adequate structural and discriminant validity for the dimensions of the tripartite model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- a Department of Psychology , Keimyung University , Daegu , South Korea
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Joshanloo M, Niknam S. The Tripartite Model of Mental Well-Being in Iran: Factorial and Discriminant Validity. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9595-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Doré I, O'Loughlin JL, Sabiston CM, Fournier L. Psychometric Evaluation of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form in French Canadian Young Adults. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2017; 62:286-294. [PMID: 28363262 PMCID: PMC5407549 DOI: 10.1177/0706743716675855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the factor structure, internal consistency, reliability, sex invariance, and discriminant validity of the French Canadian version of the Mental Health Continuum-Short Form (MHC-SF). METHOD A total of 1485 French-speaking postsecondary students in Quebec, Canada (58% female; mean age = 18.4, SD = 2.4), completed the MHC-SF. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the factorial structure of the MHC-SF. Internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha, and reliability was assessed with the rho reliability coefficient. Invariance testing across sex was conducted using multigroup CFA comparing 4 increasingly restrictive models, and discriminant validity was examined against the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) using Pearson correlation coefficients and CFA. RESULTS CFA supported the correlated 3-factor structure of the MHC-SF, with emotional, social, and psychological well-being subscales. The scale and each subscale items had internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alphas) above .70 and reliability coefficients (Jöreskog's rho) ranging from .79 to .90. Based on the multigroup CFA, configural, metric, scalar, and error variance invariance of the MHC-SF was observed across sex. Finally, the 2-continua model, suggesting that mental health and mental illness are distinct but related dimensions, was supported by both moderate inverse correlations between MHC-SF and HADS subscale scores and the 2-factor structure in CFA. CONCLUSIONS These data support the multidimensional structure of the MHC-SF and provide evidence of internal consistency, reliability, and invariance across sex. The MHC-SF is a valid and reliable measure of mental health that is distinct from mental illness among French Canadian young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Doré
- 1 Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec.,2 Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
| | - Jennifer L O'Loughlin
- 1 Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec.,2 Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
| | - Catherine M Sabiston
- 3 Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Louise Fournier
- 1 Centre de recherche du centre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), Montréal, Quebec.,2 Département de médecine sociale et préventive, École de santé publique (ESPUM), Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec
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Joshanloo M, Capone V, Petrillo G, Caso D. Discriminant validity of hedonic, social, and psychological well-being in two Italian samples. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Joshanloo M. Factor structure and criterion validity of original and short versions of the Negative and Positive Affect Scale (NAPAS). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Joshanloo M, Bobowik M, Basabe N. Factor structure of mental well-being: Contributions of exploratory structural equation modeling. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.06.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Joshanloo M, Jovanović V. The factor structure of the mental health continuum-short form (MHC-SF) in Serbia: an evaluation using exploratory structural equation modeling. J Ment Health 2016; 26:510-515. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2016.1222058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Joshanloo
- Department of Psychology, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea and
| | - Veljko Jovanović
- Department of Psychology, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
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Reinvestigation of the factor structure of the MHC-SF in the Netherlands: Contributions of exploratory structural equation modeling. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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