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Bhugra D, Liebrenz M, Ventriglio A, Ng R, Javed A, Kar A, Chumakov E, Moura H, Tolentino E, Gupta S, Ruiz R, Okasha T, Chisolm MS, Castaldelli-Maia J, Torales J, Smith A. World Psychiatric Association-Asian Journal of Psychiatry Commission on Public Mental Health. Asian J Psychiatr 2024; 98:104105. [PMID: 38861790 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2024.104105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Although there is considerable evidence showing that the prevention of mental illnesses and adverse outcomes and mental health promotion can help people lead better and more functional lives, public mental health remains overlooked in the broader contexts of psychiatry and public health. Likewise, in undergraduate and postgraduate medical curricula, prevention and mental health promotion have often been ignored. However, there has been a recent increase in interest in public mental health, including an emphasis on the prevention of psychiatric disorders and improving individual and community wellbeing to support life trajectories, from childhood through to adulthood and into older age. These lifespan approaches have significant potential to reduce the onset of mental illnesses and the related burdens for the individual and communities, as well as mitigating social, economic, and political costs. Informed by principles of social justice and respect for human rights, this may be especially important for addressing salient problems in communities with distinct vulnerabilities, where prominent disadvantages and barriers for care delivery exist. Therefore, this Commission aims to address these topics, providing a narrative overview of relevant literature and suggesting ways forward. Additionally, proposals for improving mental health and preventing mental illnesses and adverse outcomes are presented, particularly amongst at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Bhugra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neurosciences, Kings College, London SE5 8AF, United Kingdom.
| | - Michael Liebrenz
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Roger Ng
- World Psychiatric Association, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - Anindya Kar
- Advanced Neuropsychiatry Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Egor Chumakov
- Department of Psychiatry & Addiction, St Petersburg State University, St Petersburg, Russia
| | | | | | - Susham Gupta
- East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Roxanna Ruiz
- University of Francisco Moaroquin, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Smith
- Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Li G, Shi W, Gao X, Shi X, Feng X, Liang D, Li C, Phillips MR, Hall BJ. Mental health and psychosocial interventions to limit the adverse psychological effects of disasters and emergencies in China: a scoping review. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 45:100580. [PMID: 38699294 PMCID: PMC11064723 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Exposure to disasters and public health emergencies negatively affects mental health. Research documenting the psychosocial responses to these calamities in China increased dramatically after the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. However, there is no comprehensive assessment of the available literature on China's mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) responses to these events. This scoping review systematically maps existing published research and grey literature sources regarding MHPSS to disasters and emergencies in China. We examined relevant literature in English and Chinese from six databases and official websites from Jan 1, 2000, to Aug 13, 2021, and included 77 full-text records in this review. The main types of interventions reported included a) stepped care intervention models, b) individual structured psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, c) mental health education, d) psychological counselling, and e) government-based policy interventions. Most interventions were evaluated using quantitative methods that assessed the treatment of common mental disorders. The review found that rapid national mobilization, emphasis on resilience-strengthening interventions, and the widespread use of step-care models were essential components of reducing the adverse psychosocial effects of disasters. The review also identified remaining gaps, including a) a lack of integration of disaster-related services with the pre-existing health care system, b) inadequate supervision of MHPSS providers, and c) limited monitoring and evaluation of the services provided. These results show where additional research is needed in China to improve mental health services. It also provides a framework that other countries can adapt when developing and evaluating MHPSS policies and plans in response to disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Shi
- The Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xing Gao
- The Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyi Shi
- The Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyu Feng
- The Institute for Disaster Management and Reconstruction, Sichuan University, No.24 South Section 1, Yihuan Road, Chengdu, China
| | - Di Liang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, 220 Handan Rd., Shanghai, China
| | - Chunbo Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Rd., Shanghai, China
- Institute of Psychology and Behavioral Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1954 Huashan Road, Shanghai, China
| | - Michael R. Phillips
- Suicide Research and Prevention Center, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 600 Wanping Nan Rd., Shanghai, China
- Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian J. Hall
- Center for Global Health Equity, New York University Shanghai, 1555 Century Avenue, Shanghai, China
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Pavlacic JM, Ruggiero KJ, Andrews AR, Price M, Rheingold AA. Behavioral activation is associated with post-disaster mental health: Secondary longitudinal analysis from a population-based study. J Clin Psychol 2024; 80:291-305. [PMID: 37851207 PMCID: PMC10843073 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interventions in post-disaster environments may be accelerated by identifying protective behavioral factors adding incremental value to models of psychopathology using longitudinal methods. One protective behavior applicable to post-disaster contexts is behavioral activation (BA). BA is defined here as a behavioral pattern involving presence of valued activity engagement. While relevant post-disaster, the incremental value of BA behaviors in predicting longitudinal post-disaster outcomes is not well understood. We hypothesized that higher baseline engagement in behaviors consistent with a BA framework would predict decreased posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbance approximately 3, 6, and 12 months after hurricane survivors completed baseline measures. METHODS The current study is a secondary analysis from a randomized controlled trial of a disaster mental health digital intervention. Participants completed surveys at baseline and approximately 3, 6, and 12 months post-enrollment. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses were calculated following data screening to predict PTSD symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbances. RESULTS Controlling for alcohol use, prior trauma, displacement, and intervention condition, higher baseline BA consistently predicted less PTSD symptom severity, depression symptom severity, and sleep disturbances. CONCLUSION Results suggest that post-disaster interventions should consider addressing BA. The study provides evidence that BA is potentially an important protective factor longitudinally predicting sleep disturbances and psychopathology after natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M. Pavlacic
- Mental Health Service, Ralph H. Johnson VA Healthcare System
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
| | - Kenneth J. Ruggiero
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
- College of Nursing, Medical University of South Carolina
| | | | - Matthew Price
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont
| | - Alyssa A. Rheingold
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina
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4
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The clinical implications of climate change for mental health. Nat Hum Behav 2022; 6:1474-1481. [DOI: 10.1038/s41562-022-01477-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sutar R, Majumdar A, Amudhan S, Satpathy P, Singh V. Disaster and Mental Health Preparedness in India: A Scoping Review. INDIAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY HEALTH 2022. [DOI: 10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Background: Disaster and mental health preparedness are inseparable domains highlighted during all the major disasters in India. To build Disaster-Mental health Preparedness (Disaster MHP), one has to understand the existing strategies, systemic efforts, and ground-level implementation. In this scoping review, we have analyzed the mental health preparedness efforts during major disasters in India. Methodology: We followed the Peters MDJ et al framework for scoping review named ‘Guidance for conducting systematic scoping reviews. This included the searching relevant articles on PubMed and google Scholar, and concept-context of the review. Results: The review identified major efforts taken during ten disasters in past 40 years and mapping of the potential areas for development of sustainable efforts towards Disaster MHP. Conclusion: This is the first systematic scoping review from India that provides insight into strength and sustainability of disaster mental health preparedness in India. The mapping of the review focuses on the models emerged from Bhopal, Odisha, Tamilnadu and NIMHANS for the future infrastructure, capacity building, and environment required for Disaster-MHP in India.
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Ho HC, Sim T, Guo C. Association between awareness of vulnerability and disaster preparedness in an infrastructure-resilient city: a population-based study. Public Health 2022; 209:23-29. [PMID: 35777090 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Factors associated with an individual's awareness of vulnerability can be modified by the infrastructure of a city. These factors may impact disaster preparedness among local populations in an infrastructure-resilient city, which further influences the health risks of various population subgroups. STUDY DESIGN This was a population-based study. METHODS Four population subgroups, which have previously been reported to be related to awareness of vulnerability (i.e. past experiences, sociodemographic deprivation, poor housing conditions and family medical needs), were analysed for their impacts on disaster preparedness. Validated population-based phone interviews (n = 856) were conducted in Hong Kong. Three types of disaster preparedness were studied: (1) physical preparedness; (2) social preparedness; and (3) education preparedness. RESULTS Previous experience of social hazards, accidental hazards and epidemics increased disaster preparedness among the local population. Specifically, experiences of accidental hazards and social hazards were positively associated with physical preparedness (odds ratios 1.626, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.215, 2.172) and 1.501 [95% CI 1.114, 2.024], respectively). However, experiences of natural hazards did not increase preparedness, even in Hong Kong, which is a city with high 'disaster resilience' because of its well-developed infrastructure. Moreover, individuals with a low educational level or low income had lower education preparedness, unmarried individuals had lower social preparedness, and poor housing conditions of non-private-housing households had negative associations with education preparedness. These findings partially align with local disaster responses to the 2018 Typhoon Mangkhut, the 2019 social unrest and the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic, all of which were observed after the 2018 survey reported in this study. CONCLUSIONS Social and environmental interventions should be targeted to marginalised subpopulations through location-based community strategies to encourage increased environmental knowledge and participation in disaster preparedness activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Ho
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
| | - T Sim
- S R Nathan School of Human Development, Singapore University of Social Sciences, Singapore
| | - C Guo
- Department of Geography and Resource Management, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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Freeman K, Baek K, Ngo M, Kelley V, Karas E, Citron S, Montgomery S. Exploring the Usability of a Community Resiliency Model Approach in a High Need/Low Resourced Traumatized Community. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:679-688. [PMID: 34241738 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00872-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study tested the usability of a non-stigmatizing community-based trauma intervention delivered by trained community members. The Community Resiliency Model (CRM) was taught to a high-crime, low-income community designated as a Mental Health Provider Shortage Area (19 MPSA score). Five groups of Latino, African-American, LGBTQ, Asian Pacific Islander, and Veteran participants (N-57) with a history of complex/cumulative traumas and untreated posttraumatic stress undertook a five-day 40-h CRM training with master trainers. Measures included Treatment Relevance, Use and Satisfaction (TRUSS), Brief CRM Questionnaire (Brief CRM), and Symptom Questionnaire (SQ). Participant preparedness to teach CRM to others was high (98%) and sustained at the 3-6 months follow-up with 93% reporting a daily use. Pre-to post comparison analyses showed a significant decrease in distress indicators and increase in wellbeing indicators. CRM's high usability holds promise for a broader, low cost and sustainable implementation in traumatized and under-resourced communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Freeman
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA.
| | - Kelly Baek
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Michelle Ngo
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 9254, USA
| | - Veronica Kelley
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Elaine Karas
- Department of Social Work and Social Ecology, Loma Linda University, 1898 Business Center Drive, San Bernardino, CA, 92408, USA
| | - Stephanie Citron
- Private Practice, 53 Arlington Street, Asheville, NC, 28801, USA
| | - Susanne Montgomery
- Department of Psychology, Loma Linda University, 11130 Anderson Street, Loma Linda, CA, 9254, USA
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Wilson JE, Andrews P, Ainsworth A, Roy K, Ely EW, Oldham MA. Pseudodelirium: Psychiatric Conditions to Consider on the Differential for Delirium. J Neuropsychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 33:356-364. [PMID: 34392693 PMCID: PMC8929410 DOI: 10.1176/appi.neuropsych.20120316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The phenotypes of several psychiatric conditions can very closely resemble delirium; the authors describe such presentations as pseudodelirium. However, because the clinical management of these conditions differs markedly from that of delirium, prompt differentiation is essential. The authors provide an educational review to assist clinicians in identifying and managing psychiatric conditions that may be especially challenging to differentiate from delirium. METHODS Based on clinical experience, the authors identified four psychiatric conditions as among the most difficult to differentiate from delirium: disorganized psychosis, Ganser syndrome, delirious mania, and catatonia. An overview of each condition, description of clinical features, differentiation of specific phenotypes from delirium, and review of clinical management are also provided. RESULTS The thought and behavioral disorganization in disorganized psychosis can be mistaken for the clouded sensorium and behavioral dysregulation encountered in delirium. The fluctuating alertness and apparent confusion in Ganser syndrome resemble delirium's altered arousal and cognitive features. As its name suggests, delirious mania presents as a mixture of hyperactive delirium and mania; additional features may include psychosis, autonomic activation, and catatonia. Both delirium and catatonia have hypokinetic and hyperkinetic variants, and the two syndromes can also co-occur. CONCLUSIONS The clinical presentations of several psychiatric conditions can blend with the phenotype of delirium, at times even co-occurring with it. Detailed evaluation is often required to differentiate such instances of pseudodelirium from delirium proper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Ellen Wilson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Patricia Andrews
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Center for Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
| | | | - Kamalika Roy
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR
| | - E. Wesley Ely
- Center for Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Department of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN
- Veteran’s Affairs Tennessee Valley, Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, TN
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Wang L, Norman I, Xiao T, Li Y, Leamy M. Psychological First Aid Training: A Scoping Review of Its Application, Outcomes and Implementation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18094594. [PMID: 33926108 PMCID: PMC8123604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18094594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Worldwide commitment to disseminate Psychological First Aid (PFA) training to enable frontline workers to support distressed individuals and/or manage their own self-care is increasing, but the evidence base of PFA training is uncertain. Method: a scoping review was undertaken by searching seven databases and hand-searching grey literature to maximise coverage of potential studies. Results: Twenty-three studies met the inclusion criteria. Three PFA training models were commonly used in research studies. A broad selection of PFA training outcomes were observed including learning, behavior, satisfaction and practice in crisis mental and behavior health preparedness. Conclusions: Research evidence of reasonable quality demonstrates that PFA training significantly improves knowledge of appropriate psychosocial response and PFA skills in supporting people in acute distress, thereby enhancing self-efficacy and promoting resilience. However, this review highlights inadequate guidance on how PFA training should be applied and adapted, significant shortcomings of reporting PFA training delivery, limited training evaluation and unclear training outcomes. Whilst behavioral, knowledge and system impact of the PFA training are promising, methodologically stronger evaluations which include systematic training adaptation and selection of sensitive outcome measures is needed to strengthen future implementation of PFA training and thereby enhance population preparedness for future emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8SW, UK; (I.N.); (M.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
- Correspondence: or
| | - Ian Norman
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8SW, UK; (I.N.); (M.L.)
| | - Tao Xiao
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Yamin Li
- Clinical Nursing Teaching and Research Section, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China;
| | - Mary Leamy
- Florence Nightingale Faculty of Nursing, Midwifery & Palliative Care, King’s College London, London SE1 8SW, UK; (I.N.); (M.L.)
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Olson JR, Lucy M, Kellogg MA, Schmitz K, Berntson T, Stuber J, Bruns EJ. What Happens When Training Goes Virtual? Adapting Training and Technical Assistance for the School Mental Health Workforce in Response to COVID-19. SCHOOL MENTAL HEALTH 2021; 13:160-173. [PMID: 33425042 PMCID: PMC7781169 DOI: 10.1007/s12310-020-09401-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The Northwest Mental Health Technology Transfer Center (MHTTC) provides workforce training and technical assistance (TA) to support evidence-based school mental health practices. Historically, this support targeted school professionals through in-person and online trainings, workshops, and coaching. However, in response to COVID-19 restrictions, all support moved to online formats, and the Center introduced trainings for families and caregivers. The purpose of this article is to present preliminary process and outcome data that compare the reach and impact of support before and following COVID-19-related restrictions. Results suggest that transition to online support resulted in a wider reach and a more diverse audience, with no decrease in trainee satisfaction and perceived impact. Furthermore, families and caregivers reported positive gains in knowledge and behaviors following participation in a virtual youth suicide prevention training. Together, these findings suggest that online training and TA can provide tangible benefits to professionals and family members who support student mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan R. Olson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Megan Lucy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Marianne A. Kellogg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Kelcey Schmitz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Taylor Berntson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Jennifer Stuber
- Forefront Suicide Prevention, University of Washington School of Social Work, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Eric J. Bruns
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA USA
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Chaudhury S, Devabhaktuni S, Saldanha D. Combating COVID-19 stress with psychological resilience. MEDICAL JOURNAL OF DR. D.Y. PATIL VIDYAPEETH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/mjdrdypu.mjdrdypu_370_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Acute psychosocial care of families in paediatric resuscitation settings: Variables associated with parent emotional response. Australas Emerg Care 2020; 24:224-229. [PMID: 33309546 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2020.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family presence in paediatric resuscitation settings is now accepted practice. However, there is limited evidence to guide psychosocial care of these families. This study aimed to increase the understanding of family demographics and needs for psychosocial care at the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia and to identify the factors that impact on families at this time of emotional and social distress. METHOD A retrospective clinical data-mining methodology was utilised (n = 1123). Descriptive and inferential data analysis was undertaken using STATA software to identify population demographics, patterns in service usage and family experience, and to identify factors associated with parents' emotional responses. FINDINGS Four areas were identified that support evidence-informed psychosocial care for families in paediatric resuscitation contexts: 1) family and parent dynamics 2) families' experiences of distress in relation to patient diagnostic category 3) systemic nature of family response, and 4) the identification and analysis of family emotional support needs, which is central to the psychosocial response.
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Bronfman NC, Cisternas PC, Repetto PB, Castañeda JV, Guic E. Understanding the Relationship Between Direct Experience and Risk Perception of Natural Hazards. RISK ANALYSIS : AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE SOCIETY FOR RISK ANALYSIS 2020; 40:2057-2070. [PMID: 32524656 DOI: 10.1111/risa.13526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Risk perception has been largely examined in studies that have aimed to explain and predict preparedness behavior in the context of natural hazards. Findings from studies on the relationship between previous experience, preparedness, and risk perception in disaster situations have been inconsistent. Hence, the main goal of this work was to explore the influence of physical and emotional experience on risk perception regarding natural hazards. This study was conducted in a statistically representative sample of the city of Iquique, in northern Chile (n = 701), who completed a survey one month after the occurrence of an earthquake and tsunami (8.2 Mw). The survey assessed the experience and preparation actions of survivors in relation to this event. Using a structural equation model, we examined nine proposed relationships, six of which were significant. The final model had an adequate fit (χ² = 752.23, df = 283, comparative fit index [CFI] = 0.90, root mean square error of approximation [RMSEA] = 0.049). Direct experience showed the greatest influence on risk perception: while direct physical experience (i.e., the physical and material consequences associated with the earthquake) maintained a direct positive effect on risk perception, direct emotional experience (i.e., the fear of experiencing an earthquake) produced an indirect positive effect (through worry). Emotional experience, however, did not directly influence current preparedness and risk perception. Implications for understanding the relationship between risk perception and direct experience are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás C Bronfman
- Engineering Sciences Department, Universidad Andres Bello, Santiago, Chile
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela C Cisternas
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
- Industrial and Systems Engineering Department, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paula B Repetto
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Javiera V Castañeda
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eliana Guic
- Research Center for Integrated Disaster Risk Management (CIGIDEN), Santiago, Chile
- Department of Psychology, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Shah K, Bedi S, Onyeaka H, Singh R, Chaudhari G. The Role of Psychological First Aid to Support Public Mental Health in the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cureus 2020; 12:e8821. [PMID: 32742836 PMCID: PMC7384717 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychological first aid (PFA) is one of the vital tools in delivering psychological interventions to those who have undergone or experienced traumatic events. Traumatic experiences during calamities, outbreaks of infections, and war can induce a significant amount of stress in the absence of early and effective intervention provided by trained caregivers. The coronavirus pandemic has caused significant levels of fear as governments impose quarantine and lockdown to contain the infection. Countries around the globe have halted several social and economic operations to curb the spread of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). However, panic, helplessness, and horror aided by the infection due to the lack of a definitive cure has exposed the population to significant mental distress, thus warranting psychological intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Shah
- Psychiatry, Griffin Memorial Hospital, Norman, USA
| | | | - Henry Onyeaka
- Psychiatry, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Romil Singh
- Internal Medicine, Metropolitan Hospital, Jaipur, IND
| | - Gaurav Chaudhari
- Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, USA
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Iskander J, McLanahan E, Thomas JD, Henry JB, Byrne D, Williams H. Public Health Emergency Response Lessons Learned by Rapid Deployment Force 3, 2006-2016. Am J Public Health 2018; 108:S179-S182. [PMID: 30192670 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2018.304496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Following Hurricane Katrina, the uniformed US Public Health Service created an updated system through which its officers participated in emergency responses. The Rapid Deployment Force (RDF) concept, begun in 2006, involved five teams of officers with diverse clinical and public health skill sets organized into an incident command system led by a team commander. Each team can deploy within 12 hours, according to a defined but flexible schedule. The core RDF mission is to set up and provide care for up to 250 patients, primarily persons with chronic diseases or disabilities, in a temporary federal medical station. Between 2006 and 2016, the RDF 3 team deployed multiple times in response to natural disasters and public health emergencies. Notable responses included Hurricane Sandy in 2012, the unaccompanied children mission in 2014, and the Louisiana floods in 2016. Lessons learned from the RDF 3 experience include the need for both clinical and public health capacity, the value of having special mental health resources, the benefits of collaboration with other federal medical responders, and recognition of the large burden of chronic disease management issues following natural disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Iskander
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
| | - Eva McLanahan
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
| | - Jennifer D Thomas
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
| | - J Brian Henry
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
| | - David Byrne
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
| | - Holly Williams
- John Iskander, Eva McLanahan, Jennifer D. Thomas, David Byrne, and Holly Williams are with the US Public Health Service and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA. J. Brian Henry is with the US Public Health Service and Bureau of Prisons, Butner, NC
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Southwick SM, Satodiya R, Pietrzak RH. Disaster Mental Health and Positive Psychology: An Afterward to the Special Issue. J Clin Psychol 2017; 72:1364-1368. [PMID: 27870076 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The articles in this Special Issue are devoted to integrating the fields of disaster mental health and positive psychology. Their focus on resilience building, individual and community preparation, meaning making, and posttraumatic growth represents an important new development in disaster mental health. The overarching goal of this effort is to inform strategies to help both individuals-including children, adolescent, adult disaster survivors, and relief workers-and communities prepare for, respond to, recover from, and possibly even grow stronger in the face of adversity. To achieve this goal, this body of literature suggests that it is important for disaster mental health workers to partner with community leaders, organizations, and the population at large to understand community vulnerabilities, take advantage of existing strengths, and respect cultural factors implicated in disaster recovery. It further suggests that an effective community-based approach to disaster recovery will make psychosocial support and skill-building programs available to large numbers of survivors, which is critical for responding to future national and international disasters. Continued high-quality research that is comprehensive and considers not only relevant psychological, social, cultural, and biological factors but also interrelations between individuals, organizations and communities is needed to advance this relatively new and important direction of the disaster mental health field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven M Southwick
- Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division
| | - Ritvij Satodiya
- Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Yale University School of Medicine.,Department of Veterans Affairs, National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Clinical Neurosciences Division
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