1
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Li Q, Kang J, Liu N, Huang J, Zhang X, Pang K, Zhang S, Wang M, Zhao Y, Dong S, Li H, Zhao D, Lu F, Zhang W. Hydrogen sulfide improves endothelial barrier function by modulating the ubiquitination degradation of KLF4 through TRAF7 S-sulfhydration in diabetic aorta. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 216:118-138. [PMID: 38479633 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Anomalous vascular endothelium significantly contributes to various cardiovascular diseases. VE-cadherin plays a vital role in governing the endothelial barrier. Krüppel-like factor 4(KLF4), as a transcription factor, which binds the VE-cadherin promoter and enhances its transcription. Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 7 (TRAF7) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been shown to modulate the degradation of KLF4. H2S can covalently modify cysteine residues on proteins through S-sulfhydration, thereby influencing the structure and functionality of the target protein. However, the role of S-sulfhydration on endothelial barrier integrity remains to be comprehensively elucidated. This study aims to investigate whether protein S-sulfhydration in the endothelium regulates endothelial integrity and its underlying mechanism. In this study, we observed that protein S-sulfhydration was reduced in the endothelium during diabetes and TRAF7 was the main target. Overexpression of TRAF7-Cys327 mutant could mitigate the endothelial barrier damage by weakening TRAF7 interaction with KLF4 and reducing ubiquitination degradation of KLF4. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that H2S plays a pivotal role in regulating S-sulfhydration of TRAF7 at Cys327. This regulation effectively inhibits the ubiquitin-mediated degradation of KLF4, resulting in an upregulation of VE-cadherin levels. This molecular mechanism contributes to the prevention of endothelial barrier damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianzhu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiaxin Kang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ning Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Jiayi Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Xueya Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Kemiao Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shiwu Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Mengyi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yajun Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Shiyun Dong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Hongxia Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Dechao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Fanghao Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
| | - Weihua Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150086, China.
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2
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Zhang W, Chen S, Ma B, Ding Y, Liu X, He C, Wang B, Yuan M. Trifluoperazine regulates blood-brain barrier permeability via the MLCK/p-MLC pathway to promote ischemic stroke recovery. iScience 2024; 27:109156. [PMID: 38439960 PMCID: PMC10910233 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption following ischemic stroke (IS) can induce significant aftereffects. Elevated calmodulin (CaM) expression following stroke causes calcium overload-a key contributor to BBB collapse. Trifluoperazine (TFP), a CaM inhibitor, reduces CaM overexpression following IS. However, it remains unclear whether TFP participates in BBB repair after IS. We administered TFP to mice subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and bEnd.3 cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD). TFP treatment in MCAO mice reduced cerebral CaM expression and infarct size and decreased BBB permeability. OGD-treated bEnd.3 cells showed significantly increased CaM protein levels and reduced tight junction (TJ) protein levels; these changes were reversed by TFP treatment. Our results found that TFP administration in mice inhibited actin contraction following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion by suppressing the MLCK/p-MLC pathway, thereby attenuating cell retraction, improving TJ protein integrity, and reducing BBB permeability. Consequently, this treatment may promote neurological function recovery after IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wentao Zhang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Sisi Chen
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Bin Ma
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yingmei Ding
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaofen Liu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Caijun He
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Biao Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
| | - Mei Yuan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
- Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, Department of Neurology, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, China
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3
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Price DR, Garcia JGN. A Razor's Edge: Vascular Responses to Acute Inflammatory Lung Injury/Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Annu Rev Physiol 2024; 86:505-529. [PMID: 38345908 PMCID: PMC11259086 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physiol-042222-030731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Historically considered a metabolically inert cellular layer separating the blood from the underlying tissue, the endothelium is now recognized as a highly dynamic, metabolically active tissue that is critical to organ homeostasis. Under homeostatic conditions, lung endothelial cells (ECs) in healthy subjects are quiescent, promoting vasodilation, platelet disaggregation, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms. In contrast, lung ECs are essential contributors to the pathobiology of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), as the quiescent endothelium is rapidly and radically altered upon exposure to environmental stressors, infectious pathogens, or endogenous danger signals into an effective and formidable regulator of innate and adaptive immunity. These dramatic perturbations, produced in a tsunami of inflammatory cascade activation, result in paracellular gap formation between lung ECs, sustained lung edema, and multi-organ dysfunction that drives ARDS mortality. The astonishing plasticity of the lung endothelium in negotiating this inflammatory environment and efforts to therapeutically target the aberrant ARDS endothelium are examined in further detail in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Price
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill Cornell Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Center for Inflammation Sciences and Systems Medicine, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation & Technology, Jupiter, Florida, USA;
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4
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Chanez-Paredes SD, Abtahi S, Zha J, Li E, Marsischky G, Zuo L, Grey MJ, He W, Turner JR. Mechanisms underlying distinct subcellular localization and regulation of epithelial long myosin light-chain kinase splice variants. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105643. [PMID: 38199574 PMCID: PMC10862019 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelia express two long myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK) splice variants, MLCK1 and MLCK2, which differ by the absence of a complete immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain 3 within MLCK2. MLCK1 is preferentially associated with the perijunctional actomyosin ring at steady state, and this localization is enhanced by inflammatory stimuli including tumor necrosis factor (TNF). Here, we sought to identify MLCK1 domains that direct perijunctional MLCK1 localization and their relevance to disease. Ileal biopsies from Crohn's disease patients demonstrated preferential increases in MLCK1 expression and perijunctional localization relative to healthy controls. In contrast to MLCK1, MLCK2 expressed in intestinal epithelia is predominantly associated with basal stress fibers, and the two isoforms have distinct effects on epithelial migration and barrier regulation. MLCK1(Ig1-4) and MLCK1(Ig1-3), but not MLCK2(Ig1-4) or MLCK1(Ig3), directly bind to F-actin in vitro and direct perijunctional recruitment in intestinal epithelial cells. Further study showed that Ig1 is unnecessary, but that, like Ig3, the unstructured linker between Ig1 and Ig2 (Ig1/2us) is essential for recruitment. Despite being unable to bind F-actin or direct recruitment independently, Ig3 does have dominant negative functions that allow it to displace perijunctional MLCK1, increase steady-state barrier function, prevent TNF-induced MLCK1 recruitment, and attenuate TNF-induced barrier loss. These data define the minimal domain required for MLCK1 localization and provide mechanistic insight into the MLCK1 recruitment process. Overall, the results create a foundation for development of molecularly targeted therapies that target key domains to prevent MLCK1 recruitment, restore barrier function, and limit inflammatory bowel disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra D Chanez-Paredes
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Shabnam Abtahi
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Juanmin Zha
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Enkai Li
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gerald Marsischky
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Department of Biochemistry, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Michael J Grey
- Gastroenterology Division, Department of Medicine, Beth-Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Weiqi He
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Cambridge-Suda (CAM-SU) Genomic Resource Center, Suzhou Medical School of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Laboratory of Mucosal Barrier Pathobiology, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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5
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Shakhov AS, Churkina AS, Kotlobay AA, Alieva IB. The Endothelial Centrosome: Specific Features and Functional Significance for Endothelial Cell Activity and Barrier Maintenance. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15392. [PMID: 37895072 PMCID: PMC10607758 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes information about the specific features that are characteristic of the centrosome and its relationship with the cell function of highly specialized cells, such as endotheliocytes. It is based on data from other researchers and our own long-term experience. The participation of the centrosome in the functional activity of these cells, including its involvement in the performance of the main barrier function of the endothelium, is discussed. According to modern concepts, the centrosome is a multifunctional complex and an integral element of a living cell; the functions of which are not limited only to the ability to polymerize microtubules. The location of the centrosome near the center of the interphase cell, the concentration of various regulatory proteins in it, the organization of the centrosome radial system of microtubules through which intracellular transport is carried out by motor proteins and the involvement of the centrosome in the process of the perception of the external signals and their transmission make this cellular structure a universal regulatory and distribution center, controlling the entire dynamic morphology of an animal cell. Drawing from modern data on the tissue-specific features of the centrosome's structure, we discuss the direct involvement of the centrosome in the performance of functions by specialized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Sergeevich Shakhov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aleksandra Sergeevna Churkina
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–73, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anatoly Alekseevich Kotlobay
- Lopukhin Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, 1a Malaya Pirogovskaya St., 119435 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Borisovna Alieva
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–40, Leninskye Gory, 119992 Moscow, Russia
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6
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Xue S, Zhou X, Yang ZH, Si XK, Sun X. Stroke-induced damage on the blood-brain barrier. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1248970. [PMID: 37840921 PMCID: PMC10569696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1248970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a functional phenotype exhibited by the neurovascular unit (NVU). It is maintained and regulated by the interaction between cellular and non-cellular matrix components of the NVU. The BBB plays a vital role in maintaining the dynamic stability of the intracerebral microenvironment as a barrier layer at the critical interface between the blood and neural tissues. The large contact area (approximately 20 m2/1.3 kg brain) and short diffusion distance between neurons and capillaries allow endothelial cells to dominate the regulatory role. The NVU is a structural component of the BBB. Individual cells and components of the NVU work together to maintain BBB stability. One of the hallmarks of acute ischemic stroke is the disruption of the BBB, including impaired function of the tight junction and other molecules, as well as increased BBB permeability, leading to brain edema and a range of clinical symptoms. This review summarizes the cellular composition of the BBB and describes the protein composition of the barrier functional junction complex and the mechanisms regulating acute ischemic stroke-induced BBB disruption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Xin Sun
- Stroke Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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7
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Vielmuth F, Radeva MY, Yeruva S, Sigmund AM, Waschke J. cAMP: A master regulator of cadherin-mediated binding in endothelium, epithelium and myocardium. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14006. [PMID: 37243909 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of cadherin-mediated cell adhesion is crucial not only for maintaining tissue integrity and barrier function in the endothelium and epithelium but also for electromechanical coupling within the myocardium. Therefore, loss of cadherin-mediated adhesion causes various disorders, including vascular inflammation and desmosome-related diseases such as the autoimmune blistering skin dermatosis pemphigus and arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Mechanisms regulating cadherin-mediated binding contribute to the pathogenesis of diseases and may also be used as therapeutic targets. Over the last 30 years, cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) has emerged as one of the master regulators of cell adhesion in endothelium and, more recently, also in epithelial cells as well as in cardiomyocytes. A broad spectrum of experimental models from vascular physiology and cell biology applied by different generations of researchers provided evidence that not only cadherins of endothelial adherens junctions (AJ) but also desmosomal contacts in keratinocytes and the cardiomyocyte intercalated discs are central targets in this scenario. The molecular mechanisms involve protein kinase A- and exchange protein directly activated by cAMP-mediated regulation of Rho family GTPases and S665 phosphorylation of the AJ and desmosome adaptor protein plakoglobin. In line with this, phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors such as apremilast have been proposed as a therapeutic strategy to stabilize cadherin-mediated adhesion in pemphigus and may also be effective to treat other disorders where cadherin-mediated binding is compromised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Sunil Yeruva
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna M Sigmund
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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8
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Role of c-Src and reactive oxygen species in cardiovascular diseases. Mol Genet Genomics 2023; 298:315-328. [PMID: 36700976 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-023-01992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress, caused by the over production of oxidants or inactivity of antioxidants, can modulate the redox state of several target proteins such as tyrosine kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases and tyrosine phosphatases. c-Src is one such non-receptor tyrosine kinase which activates NADPH oxidases (Noxs) in response to various growth factors and shear stress. Interaction between c-Src and Noxs is influenced by cell type and primary messengers such as angiotensin II, which binds to G-protein coupled receptor and activates the intracellular signaling cascade. c-Src stimulated activation of Noxs results in elevated release of intracellular and extracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS species disturb vascular homeostasis and cause cardiac hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, atherosclerosis and hypertension. Interaction between c-Src and ROS in the pathobiology of cardiac fibrosis is hypothesized to be influenced by cell type and stimuli. c-Src and ROS have a bidirectional relationship, thus increased ROS levels due to c-Src mediated activation of Noxs can further activate c-Src by promoting the oxidation and sulfenylation of critical cysteine residues. This review highlights the role of c-Src and ROS in mediating downstream signaling pathways underlying cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, due to the central role of c-Src in activation of various signaling proteins involved in differentiation, migration, proliferation, and cytoskeletal reorganization of vascular cells, it is presented as therapeutic target for treating cardiovascular diseases except cardiac fibrosis.
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9
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DNA methylation changes and increased mRNA expression of coagulation proteins, factor V and thrombomodulin in Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:62. [PMID: 36773096 PMCID: PMC9922242 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04714-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Late-onset Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a disease affecting the corneal endothelium (CE), associated with a cytosine-thymine-guanine repeat expansion at the CTG18.1 locus in the transcription factor 4 (TCF4) gene. It is unknown whether CTG18.1 expansions affect global methylation including TCF4 gene in CE or whether global CE methylation changes at advanced age. Using genome-wide DNA methylation array, we investigated methylation in CE from FECD patients with CTG18.1 expansions and studied the methylation in healthy CE at different ages. The most revealing DNA methylation findings were analyzed by gene expression and protein analysis. 3488 CpGs had significantly altered methylation pattern in FECD though no substantial changes were found in TCF4. The most hypermethylated site was in a predicted promoter of aquaporin 1 (AQP1) gene, and the most hypomethylated site was in a predicted promoter of coagulation factor V (F5 for gene, FV for protein). In FECD, AQP1 mRNA expression was variable, while F5 gene expression showed a ~ 23-fold increase. FV protein was present in both healthy and affected CE. Further gene expression analysis of coagulation factors interacting with FV revealed a ~ 34-fold increase of thrombomodulin (THBD). THBD protein was detected only in CE from FECD patients. Additionally, we observed an age-dependent hypomethylation in elderly healthy CE.Thus, tissue-specific genome-wide and gene-specific methylation changes associated with altered gene expression were discovered in FECD. TCF4 pathological methylation in FECD because of CTG18.1 expansion was ruled out.
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Manole S, Rancea R, Vulturar R, Simon SP, Molnar A, Damian L. Frail Silk: Is the Hughes-Stovin Syndrome a Behçet Syndrome Subtype with Aneurysm-Involved Gene Variants? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043160. [PMID: 36834577 PMCID: PMC9968083 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Hughes-Stovin syndrome is a rare disease characterized by thrombophlebitis and multiple pulmonary and/or bronchial aneurysms. The etiology and pathogenesis of HSS are incompletely known. The current consensus is that vasculitis underlies the pathogenic process, and pulmonary thrombosis follows arterial wall inflammation. As such, Hughes-Stovin syndrome may belong to the vascular cluster with lung involvement of Behçet syndrome, although oral aphtae, arthritis, and uveitis are rarely found. Behçet syndrome is a multifactorial polygenic disease with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and mostly immunological contributors. The different Behçet syndrome phenotypes are presumably based upon different genetic determinants involving more than one pathogenic pathway. Hughes-Stovin syndrome may have common pathways with fibromuscular dysplasias and other diseases evolving with vascular aneurysms. We describe a Hughes-Stovin syndrome case fulfilling the Behçet syndrome criteria. A MYLK variant of unknown significance was detected, along with other heterozygous mutations in genes that may impact angiogenesis pathways. We discuss the possible involvement of these genetic findings, as well as other potential common determinants of Behçet/Hughes-Stovin syndrome and aneurysms in vascular Behçet syndrome. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques, including genetic testing, could help diagnose a specific Behçet syndrome subtype and other associated conditions to personalize the disease management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Manole
- Department of Radiology, “Niculae Stăncioiu” Heart Institute, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Radiology, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Raluca Rancea
- Cardiology Department, Heart Institute “Niculae Stăncioiu”, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy 6, Pasteur, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 30, Fântânele Street, 400294 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence:
| | - Siao-Pin Simon
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Discipline of Rheumatology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Adrian Molnar
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Heart Institute “Niculae Stăncioiu”, 19-21 Calea Moților Street, 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Surgery, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes Street, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laura Damian
- Department of Rheumatology, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, Centre for Rare Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases (ERN-ReCONNET), 2-4 Clinicilor Street, 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 6-8 Petru Maior Street, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Peach CJ, Edgington-Mitchell LE, Bunnett NW, Schmidt BL. Protease-activated receptors in health and disease. Physiol Rev 2023; 103:717-785. [PMID: 35901239 PMCID: PMC9662810 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00044.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteases are signaling molecules that specifically control cellular functions by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs). The four known PARs are members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors. These transmembrane receptors control most physiological and pathological processes and are the target of a large proportion of therapeutic drugs. Signaling proteases include enzymes from the circulation; from immune, inflammatory epithelial, and cancer cells; as well as from commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Advances in our understanding of the structure and function of PARs provide insights into how diverse proteases activate these receptors to regulate physiological and pathological processes in most tissues and organ systems. The realization that proteases and PARs are key mediators of disease, coupled with advances in understanding the atomic level structure of PARs and their mechanisms of signaling in subcellular microdomains, has spurred the development of antagonists, some of which have advanced to the clinic. Herein we review the discovery, structure, and function of this receptor system, highlight the contribution of PARs to homeostatic control, and discuss the potential of PAR antagonists for the treatment of major diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe J Peach
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Laura E Edgington-Mitchell
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
| | - Nigel W Bunnett
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology and Neuroscience Institute, Grossman School of Medicine, New York University, New York, New York
| | - Brian L Schmidt
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, New York
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York
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12
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Song JH, Mascarenhas JB, Sammani S, Kempf CL, Cai H, Camp SM, Bermudez T, Zhang DD, Natarajan V, Garcia JGN. TLR4 activation induces inflammatory vascular permeability via Dock1 targeting and NOX4 upregulation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166562. [PMID: 36179995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The loss of vascular integrity is a cardinal feature of acute inflammatory responses evoked by activation of the TLR4 inflammatory cascade. Utilizing in vitro and in vivo models of inflammatory lung injury, we explored TLR4-mediated dysregulated signaling that results in the loss of endothelial cell (EC) barrier integrity and vascular permeability, focusing on Dock1 and Elmo1 complexes that are intimately involved in regulation of Rac1 GTPase activity, a well recognized modulator of vascular integrity. Marked reductions in Dock1 and Elmo1 expression was observed in lung tissues (porcine, rat, mouse) exposed to TLR4 ligand-mediated acute inflammatory lung injury (LPS, eNAMPT) in combination with injurious mechanical ventilation. Lung tissue levels of Dock1 and Elmo1 were preserved in animals receiving an eNAMPT-neutralizing mAb in conjunction with highly significant decreases in alveolar edema and lung injury severity, consistent with Dock1/Elmo1 as pathologic TLR4 targets directly involved in inflammation-mediated loss of vascular barrier integrity. In vitro studies determined that pharmacologic inhibition of Dock1-mediated activation of Rac1 (TBOPP) significantly exacerbated TLR4 agonist-induced EC barrier dysfunction (LPS, eNAMPT) and attenuated increases in EC barrier integrity elicited by barrier-enhancing ligands of the S1P1 receptor (sphingosine-1-phosphate, Tysiponate). The EC barrier-disrupting influence of Dock1 inhibition on S1PR1 barrier regulation occurred in concert with: 1) suppressed formation of EC barrier-enhancing lamellipodia, 2) altered nmMLCK-mediated MLC2 phosphorylation, and 3) upregulation of NOX4 expression and increased ROS. These studies indicate that Dock1 is essential for maintaining EC junctional integrity and is a critical target in TLR4-mediated inflammatory lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin H Song
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Joseph B Mascarenhas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Carrie L Kempf
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Hua Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology. University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Sara M Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, United States of America.
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13
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Anis M, Gonzales J, Halstrom R, Baig N, Humpal C, Demeritte R, Epshtein Y, Jacobson JR, Fraidenburg DR. Non-Muscle MLCK Contributes to Endothelial Cell Hyper-Proliferation through the ERK Pathway as a Mechanism for Vascular Remodeling in Pulmonary Hypertension. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113641. [PMID: 36362426 PMCID: PMC9654627 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by endothelial dysfunction, uncontrolled proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells leading to increased pulmonary vascular resistance resulting in great morbidity and poor survival. Bone morphogenetic protein receptor II (BMPR2) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PAH as the most common genetic mutation. Non-muscle myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) is an essential component of the cellular cytoskeleton and recent studies have shown that increased nmMLCK activity regulates biological processes in various pulmonary diseases such as asthma and acute lung injury. In this study, we aimed to discover the role of nmMLCK in the proliferation and migration of pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs) in the pathogenesis of PAH. We used two cellular models relevant to the pathobiology of PAH including BMPR2 silenced and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) stimulated HPAECs. Both models demonstrated an increase in nmMLCK activity along with a robust increase in cellular proliferation, inflammation, and cellular migration. The upregulated nmMLCK activity was also associated with increased ERK expression pointing towards a potential integral cytoplasmic interaction. Mechanistically, we confirmed that when nmMLCK is inhibited by MLCK selective inhibitor (ML-7), proliferation and migration are attenuated. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that nmMLCK upregulation in association with increased ERK expression may contribute to the pathogenesis of PAHby stimulating cellular proliferation and migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam Anis
- Northwestern Medical Group, Lake Forest, IL 60045, USA
| | - Janae Gonzales
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Rachel Halstrom
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Noman Baig
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Cat Humpal
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Regaina Demeritte
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Yulia Epshtein
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Dustin R. Fraidenburg
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-312-355-5918
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14
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Parinandi N, Gerasimovskaya E, Verin A. Editorial: Molecular mechanisms of lung endothelial permeability. Front Physiol 2022; 13:976873. [PMID: 35936898 PMCID: PMC9355505 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.976873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Narasimham Parinandi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Evgenia Gerasimovskaya
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Alexander Verin
- Vascular Biology Center and Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Alexander Verin,
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15
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Hemin-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction and Endothelial to Mesenchymal Transition in the Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Hypertension Due to Chronic Hemolysis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094763. [PMID: 35563154 PMCID: PMC9104708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension in sickle cell disease is an independent predictor of mortality, yet the pathogenesis of pulmonary vascular disease in chronic hemolytic disorders remains incompletely understood and treatment options are limited primarily to supportive care. The release of extracellular hemoglobin has been implicated in the development of pulmonary hypertension, and in this study we explored the direct effects of hemin, the oxidized moiety of heme, on the pulmonary artery endothelium. We found that low dose hemin exposure leads to significantly increased endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and cytokine release as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Protein expression changes in our pulmonary artery endothelial cells showed upregulation of mesenchymal markers after hemin treatment in conjunction with a decrease in endothelial markers. Endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) resulting from hemin exposure was further confirmed by showing upregulation of the transcription factors SNAI1 and SLUG, known to regulate EndoMT. Lastly, given the endothelial dysfunction and phenotypic transition observed, the endothelial cytoskeleton was considered a potential novel target. Inhibiting myosin light chain kinase, to prevent phosphorylation of myosin light chain and cytoskeletal contraction, attenuated hemin-induced endothelial hyper-proliferation, migration, and cytokine release. The findings in this study implicate hemin as a key inducer of endothelial dysfunction through EndoMT, which may play an important role in pulmonary vascular remodeling during the development of pulmonary hypertension in chronic hemolytic states.
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16
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Kempf CL, Sammani S, Bermudez T, Song JH, Hernon VR, Hufford MK, Burt J, Camp SM, Dudek SM, Garcia JG. Critical Role for the Lung Endothelial Non‐Muscle Myosin Light Chain Kinase Isoform in the Severity of Inflammatory Murine Lung Injury. Pulm Circ 2022; 12:e12061. [PMID: 35514774 PMCID: PMC9063969 DOI: 10.1002/pul2.12061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie L. Kempf
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jin H. Song
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | | | - Matthew K. Hufford
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Jessica Burt
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine University of Arizona Health Sciences Tucson AZ USA
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17
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Karki P, Birukova AA. Microtubules as Major Regulators of Endothelial Function: Implication for Lung Injury. Front Physiol 2021; 12:758313. [PMID: 34777018 PMCID: PMC8582326 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.758313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction has been attributed as one of the major complications in COVID-19 patients, a global pandemic that has already caused over 4 million deaths worldwide. The dysfunction of endothelial barrier is characterized by an increase in endothelial permeability and inflammatory responses, and has even broader implications in the pathogenesis of acute respiratory syndromes such as ARDS, sepsis and chronic illnesses represented by pulmonary arterial hypertension and interstitial lung disease. The structural integrity of endothelial barrier is maintained by cytoskeleton elements, cell-substrate focal adhesion and adhesive cell junctions. Agonist-mediated changes in endothelial permeability are directly associated with reorganization of actomyosin cytoskeleton leading to cell contraction and opening of intercellular gaps or enhancement of cortical actin cytoskeleton associated with strengthening of endothelial barrier. The role of actin cytoskeleton remodeling in endothelial barrier regulation has taken the central stage, but the impact of microtubules in this process remains less explored and under-appreciated. This review will summarize the current knowledge on the crosstalk between microtubules dynamics and actin cytoskeleton remodeling, describe the signaling mechanisms mediating this crosstalk, discuss epigenetic regulation of microtubules stability and its nexus with endothelial barrier maintenance, and overview a role of microtubules in targeted delivery of signaling molecules regulating endothelial permeability and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anna A Birukova
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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18
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Zhao MJ, Jiang HR, Sun JW, Wang ZA, Hu B, Zhu CR, Yin XH, Chen MM, Ma XC, Zhao WD, Luan ZG. Roles of RAGE/ROCK1 Pathway in HMGB1-Induced Early Changes in Barrier Permeability of Human Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Cell. Front Immunol 2021; 12:697071. [PMID: 34745088 PMCID: PMC8564108 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.697071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) causes microvascular endothelial cell barrier dysfunction during acute lung injury (ALI) in sepsis, but the mechanisms have not been well understood. We studied the roles of RAGE and Rho kinase 1 (ROCK1) in HMGB1-induced human pulmonary endothelial barrier disruption. Methods In the present study, the recombinant human high mobility group box 1 (rhHMGB1) was used to stimulate human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs). The endothelial cell (EC) barrier permeability was examined by detecting FITC-dextran flux. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability under rhHMGB1 treatments. The expression of related molecules involved in RhoA/ROCK1 pathway, phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), F-actin, VE-cadherin and ZO-1 of different treated groups were measured by pull-down assay, western blot and immunofluorescence. Furthermore, we studied the effects of Rho kinase inhibitor (Y-27632), ROCK1/2 siRNA, RAGE-specific blocker (FPS-ZM1) and RAGE siRNA on endothelial barrier properties to elucidate the related mechanisms. Results In the present study, we demonstrated that rhHMGB1 induced EC barrier hyperpermeability in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner by measuring FITC-dextran flux, a reflection of the loss of EC barrier integrity. Moreover, rhHMGB1 induced a dose-dependent and time-dependent increases in paracellular gap formation accompanied by the development of stress fiber rearrangement and disruption of VE-cadherin and ZO-1, a phenotypic change related to increased endothelial contractility and endothelial barrier permeability. Using inhibitors and siRNAs directed against RAGE and ROCK1/2, we systematically determined that RAGE mediated the rhHMGB1-induced stress fiber reorganization via RhoA/ROCK1 signaling activation and the subsequent MLC phosphorylation in ECs. Conclusion HMGB1 is capable of disrupting the endothelial barrier integrity. This study demonstrates that HMGB1 activates RhoA/ROCK1 pathway via RAGE, which phosphorylates MLC inducing stress fiber formation at short time, and HMGB1/RAGE reduces AJ/TJ expression at long term independently of RhoA/ROCK1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Jiao Zhao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hao-Ran Jiang
- Department of Breast Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jing-Wen Sun
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zi-Ang Wang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Cheng-Rui Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Han Yin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Ming Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhao
- Department of Developmental Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zheng-Gang Luan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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19
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Momi S, Falcinelli E, Petito E, Ciarrocca Taranta G, Ossoli A, Gresele P. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 on activated platelets triggers endothelial PAR-1 initiating atherosclerosis. Eur Heart J 2021; 43:504-514. [PMID: 34529782 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Platelets participate in atherogenesis with mechanisms not yet fully clarified. Vascular wall MMP-2 is involved in the arterial remodelling accompanying atherosclerosis. Platelets contain and release MMP-2 but no informations are available on its role in atherosclerotic lesion formation. METHODS AND RESULTS We generated double knockout mice lacking the LDL receptor and MMP-2 only in circulating blood cells showing that they develop significantly lesser femoral intima thickening after photochemical-induced arterial damage and atherosclerotic lesions in the aorta, measured by the en face method, after 4 months of atherogenic diet. Moreover, repeated transfusions of autologous-activated platelets in LDLR-/- mice on atherogenic diet significantly enhanced the extension of aortic atherosclerotic lesions while transfusion of activated platelets from MMP-2-/- mice did not. In vitro coincubation studies showed that platelet-derived MMP-2 plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis through a complex cross-talk between activated platelets, monocyte/macrophages, and endothelial cells. Translational studies in patients with CAD and chronic HIV infection showed that platelet surface expression of MMP-2 highly significantly correlated with the degree of carotid artery stenosis. CONCLUSION We show a previously unknown mechanism of the pathway through which platelets expressing MMP-2 trigger the initial phases of atherosclerosis and provide a mechanism showing that they activate endothelial PAR-1 triggering endothelial p38MAPK signalling and the expression of adhesion molecules. The development of drugs blocking selectively platelet MMP-2 or its expression may represent a new approach to the prevention of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Momi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Emanuela Falcinelli
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Eleonora Petito
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Giulia Ciarrocca Taranta
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
| | - Alice Ossoli
- Center E. Grossi Paoletti, Department of Pharmacologic and Biomolecular Science, University of Milan, via delle Corse, Milan 06132, Italy
| | - Paolo Gresele
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Section of Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Perugia, Strada Vicinale Via delle Corse, Perugia 06132, Italy
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20
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Li X, Fetter R, Schwabe T, Jung C, Liu L, Steller H, Gaul U. The cAMP effector PKA mediates Moody GPCR signaling in Drosophila blood-brain barrier formation and maturation. eLife 2021; 10:68275. [PMID: 34382936 PMCID: PMC8390003 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) of Drosophila comprises a thin epithelial layer of subperineural glia (SPG), which ensheath the nerve cord and insulate it against the potassium-rich hemolymph by forming intercellular septate junctions (SJs). Previously, we identified a novel Gi/Go protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), Moody, as a key factor in BBB formation at the embryonic stage. However, the molecular and cellular mechanisms of Moody signaling in BBB formation and maturation remain unclear. Here, we identify cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) as a crucial antagonistic Moody effector that is required for the formation, as well as for the continued SPG growth and BBB maintenance in the larva and adult stage. We show that PKA is enriched at the basal side of the SPG cell and that this polarized activity of the Moody/PKA pathway finely tunes the enormous cell growth and BBB integrity. Moody/PKA signaling precisely regulates the actomyosin contractility, vesicle trafficking, and the proper SJ organization in a highly coordinated spatiotemporal manner. These effects are mediated in part by PKA's molecular targets MLCK and Rho1. Moreover, 3D reconstruction of SJ ultrastructure demonstrates that the continuity of individual SJ segments, and not their total length, is crucial for generating a proper paracellular seal. Based on these findings, we propose that polarized Moody/PKA signaling plays a central role in controlling the cell growth and maintaining BBB integrity during the continuous morphogenesis of the SPG secondary epithelium, which is critical to maintain tissue size and brain homeostasis during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Li
- Tianjin Cancer Hospital Airport Hospital, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Rockefeller University, New York, United States
| | - Richard Fetter
- Janelia Farm Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States
| | - Tina Schwabe
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Jung
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Liren Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital; National Clinical Research Center for Cancer; Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy; Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Ulrike Gaul
- Department of Biochemistry, Gene Center, Center of Integrated Protein Science (CIPSM), University of Munich, Munich, Germany.,Rockefeller University, New York, United States
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21
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Sun X, Sun B, Sammani S, Bermudez T, Dudek S, Camp S, Garcia J. Genetic and epigenetic regulation of the non-muscle myosin light chain kinase isoform by lung inflammatory factors and mechanical stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:963-977. [PMID: 33792658 PMCID: PMC8047480 DOI: 10.1042/cs20201448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The myosin light chain kinase gene, MYLK, encodes three proteins via unique promoters, including the non-muscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK), a cytoskeletal protein centrally involved in regulation of vascular integrity. As MYLK coding SNPs are associated with severe inflammatory disorders (asthma, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)), we explored clinically relevant inflammatory stimuli and promoter SNPs in nmMLCK promoter regulation. METHODS Full-length or serially deleted MYLK luciferase reporter promoter activities were measured in human lung endothelial cells (ECs). SNP-containing non-muscle MYLK (nmMYLK) DNA fragments were generated and nmMYLK promoter binding by transcription factors (TFs) detected by protein-DNA electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Promoter demethylation was evaluated by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza). A preclinical mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI) was utilized for nmMLCK validation. RESULTS Lung EC levels of nmMLCK were significantly increased in LPS-challenged mice and LPS, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), 18% cyclic stretch (CS) and 5-Aza each significantly up-regulated EC nmMYLK promoter activities. EC exposure to FG-4592, a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor that increases hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) expression, increased nmMYLK promoter activity, confirmed by HIF1α/HIF2α silencing. nmMYLK promoter deletion studies identified distal inhibitory and proximal enhancing promoter regions as well as mechanical stretch-, LPS- and TNFα-inducible regions. Insertion of ARDS-associated SNPs (rs2700408, rs11714297) significantly increased nmMYLK promoter activity via increased transcription binding (glial cells missing homolog 1 (GCM1) and intestine-specific homeobox (ISX), respectively). Finally, the MYLK rs78755744 SNP (-261G/A), residing within a nmMYLK CpG island, significantly attenuated 5-Aza-induced promoter activity. CONCLUSION These findings indicate nmMYLK transcriptional regulation by clinically relevant inflammatory factors and ARDS-associated nmMYLK promoter variants are consistent with nmMLCK as a therapeutic target in severe inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Belinda L. Sun
- Department of Pathology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Tadeo Bermudez
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, U.S.A
| | - Sara M. Camp
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
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22
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Chen YC, Dinavahi SS, Feng Q, Gowda R, Ramisetti S, Xia X, LaPenna KB, Chirasani VR, Cho SH, Hafenstein SL, Battu MB, Berg A, Sharma AK, Kirchhausen T, Dokholyan NV, Amin S, He P, Robertson GP. Activating Sphingosine-1-phospahte signaling in endothelial cells increases myosin light chain phosphorylation to decrease endothelial permeability thereby inhibiting cancer metastasis. Cancer Lett 2021; 506:107-119. [PMID: 33600895 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2021.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Targeting the metastatic process to prevent disease dissemination in cancer remains challenging. One step in the metastatic cascade involves cancer cells transiting through the vascular endothelium after inflammation has increased the permeability of this cellular layer. Reducing inflammation-mediated gaps in the vascular endothelium could potentially be used to retard metastasis. This study describes the development of a novel ASR396-containing nanoparticle designed to activate the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 1 (S1PR1) in order to tighten the junctions between the endothelial cells lining the vascular endothelium thereby inhibiting metastasis. ASR396 was derived from the S1PR1 agonist SEW2871 through chemical modification enabling the new compound to be loaded into a nanoliposome. ASR396 retained S1PR1 binding activity and the nanoliposomal formulation (nanoASR396) made it systemically bioavailable upon intravenous injection. Studies conducted in microvessels demonstrated that nanoASR396 significantly attenuated inflammatory mediator-induced permeability increase through the S1PR1 activation. Similarly, nanoASR396 inhibited gap formation mediated by inflammatory agents on an endothelial cell monolayer by decreasing levels of phosphorylated myosin light chain protein thereby inhibiting cellular contractility. In animal models, nanoASR396 inhibited lung metastasis by up to 80%, indicating its potential for retarding melanoma metastasis. Thus, a novel bioavailable nanoparticle-based S1PR1 agonist has been developed to negate the effects of inflammatory mediators on the vascular endothelium in order to reduce the metastatic dissemination of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chi Chen
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Saketh S Dinavahi
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Qilong Feng
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Raghavendra Gowda
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Srinivasa Ramisetti
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Xinghai Xia
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Kyle B LaPenna
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Venkat R Chirasani
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Sung Hyun Cho
- The Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Susan L Hafenstein
- Departments of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | | | - Arthur Berg
- Departments of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Arun K Sharma
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Tom Kirchhausen
- Departments of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School and Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine at Boston Children's Hospital, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Nikolay V Dokholyan
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA
| | - Shantu Amin
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Pingnian He
- Departments of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
| | - Gavin P Robertson
- Departments of Pharmacology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Departments of Pathology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Dermatology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; Departments of Surgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Foreman Foundation for Melanoma Research, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma and Skin Cancer Center, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA; The Melanoma Therapeutics Program, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, 17033, USA.
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23
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VIP modulates human macrophages phenotype via FPRL1 via activation of RhoA-GTPase and PLC pathways. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:309-321. [PMID: 33502586 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-021-01436-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN This study is aimed at uncovering the signaling pathways activated by vasoactive intestinal peptide in human macrophages MATERIALS: Human peripheral blood mononuclear cell-derived macrophages were used for the in vitro investigation of the VIP-activated signaling pathways. METHODS AND TREATMENT Time-course and dose-response experiments and siRNA were used in human macrophages co-challenged with various concentrations of VIP and different MAPK pharmacologic inhibitors to investigate signaling pathways activated by VIP. Flow analysis was performed to assess the levels of CD11b, CD35 and CD66. Luminescence spectrometry was used to measure the levels of the released hydrogen peroxide and the intracellular calcium levels in the media. RESULTS Macrophages incubated with VIP showed increased phospho-AKT and phospho-ERK1/2 levels in a GTP-RhoA-GTPase-dependent manner. Similarly, VIP increased intracellular release of H2O2 and calcium via PLC and GTP-RhoA-GTPase, in addition to inducing the expression of CD11b, CD35, CD66 and MMP9. Furthermore, VIP activated P38 MAPK through the cAMP/PKA pathway but was independent of both PLC and RhoA signaling. The above-mentioned VIP effects were mediated via activation of the FPRL1 receptor. CONCLUSION VIP/FPRL1/VPAC/GTP-RhoA-GTPase signaling modulated macrophages phenotype through activation of multiple signaling pathways including ERK1/2, AKT, P38, ROS, cAMP and calcium.
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24
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Anti-inflammatory Effects of Statins in Lung Vascular Pathology: From Basic Science to Clinical Trials. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1303:33-56. [PMID: 33788186 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-63046-1_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (or statins) are cholesterol-lowering drugs and are among the most widely prescribed medications in the United States. Statins exhibit pleiotropic effects that extend beyond cholesterol reduction including anti-atherosclerotic, antiproliferative, anti-inflammatory, and antithrombotic effects. Over the last 20 years, statins have been studied and examined in pulmonary vascular disorders, including both chronic pulmonary vascular disease such as pulmonary hypertension, and acute pulmonary vascular endothelial injury such as acute lung injury. In both research and clinical settings, statins have demonstrated promising vascular protection through modulation of the endothelium, attenuation of vascular leak, and promotion of endothelial repair following lung inflammation. This chapter provides a summary of the rapidly changing literature, summarizes the anti-inflammatory mechanism of statins on pulmonary vascular disorders, and explores clinical evidence for statins as a potential therapeutic approach to modulation of the endothelium as well as a means to broaden our understanding of pulmonary vasculopathy pathophysiology.
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25
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Reina-Torres E, De Ieso ML, Pasquale LR, Madekurozwa M, van Batenburg-Sherwood J, Overby DR, Stamer WD. The vital role for nitric oxide in intraocular pressure homeostasis. Prog Retin Eye Res 2020; 83:100922. [PMID: 33253900 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Catalyzed by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) activity, NO is a gaseous signaling molecule maintaining endothelial and cardiovascular homeostasis. Principally, NO regulates the contractility of vascular smooth muscle cells and permeability of endothelial cells in response to either biochemical or biomechanical cues. In the conventional outflow pathway of the eye, the smooth muscle-like trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and Schlemm's canal (SC) endothelium control aqueous humor outflow resistance, and therefore intraocular pressure (IOP). The mechanisms by which outflow resistance is regulated are complicated, but NO appears to be a key player as enhancement or inhibition of NO signaling dramatically affects outflow function; and polymorphisms in NOS3, the gene that encodes eNOS modifies the relation between various environmental exposures and glaucoma. Based upon a comprehensive review of past foundational studies, we present a model whereby NO controls a feedback signaling loop in the conventional outflow pathway that is sensitive to changes in IOP and its oscillations. Thus, upon IOP elevation, the outflow pathway tissues distend, and the SC lumen narrows resulting in increased SC endothelial shear stress and stretch. In response, SC cells upregulate the production of NO, relaxing neighboring TM cells and increasing permeability of SC's inner wall. These IOP-dependent changes in the outflow pathway tissues reduce the resistance to aqueous humor drainage and lower IOP, which, in turn, diminishes the biomechanical signaling on SC. Similar to cardiovascular pathogenesis, dysregulation of the eNOS/NO system leads to dysfunctional outflow regulation and ocular hypertension, eventually resulting in primary open-angle glaucoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Louis R Pasquale
- Eye and Vision Research Institute of New York Eye and Ear Infirmary at Mount Sinai, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Darryl R Overby
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - W Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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26
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Helfield B, Chen X, Watkins SC, Villanueva FS. Transendothelial Perforations and the Sphere of Influence of Single-Site Sonoporation. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2020; 46:1686-1697. [PMID: 32402675 PMCID: PMC7293920 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 02/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Acoustically driven gas bubble cavitation locally concentrates energy and can result in physical phenomena including sonoluminescence and erosion. In biomedicine, ultrasound-driven microbubbles transiently increase plasma membrane permeability (sonoporation) to promote drug/gene delivery. Despite its potential, little is known about cellular response in the aftermath of sonoporation. In the work described here, using a live-cell approach, we assessed the real-time interplay between transendothelial perforations (∼30-60 s) up to 650 µm2, calcium influx, breaching of the local cytoskeleton and sonoporation resealing upon F-actin recruitment to the perforation site (∼5-10 min). Through biophysical modeling, we established the critical role of membrane line tension in perforation resealing velocity (10-30 nm/s). Membrane budding/shedding post-sonoporation was observed on complete perforation closure, yet successful pore repair does not mark the end of sonoporation: protracted cell mobility from 8 µs of ultrasound is observed up to 4 h post-treatment. Taken holistically, we established the biophysical context of endothelial sonoporation repair with application in drug/gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Helfield
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Xucai Chen
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Department of Cell Biology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Flordeliza S Villanueva
- Center for Ultrasound Molecular Imaging and Therapeutics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA; Pittsburgh Heart and Vascular Medicine Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
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27
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Myosin light chain kinase inhibitor ML7 improves vascular endothelial dysfunction and permeability via the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in a rabbit model of atherosclerosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 128:110258. [PMID: 32516749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction (ED) and hyperpermeability are considered as the initiating steps in early atherosclerosis. Phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC) is key to cause vascular hyperpermeability via endothelial cell contraction. However, it is unclear whether MLC phosphorylation can also regulate the balance between contraction and relaxation of endothelial cells, thereby affecting endothelium-dependent diastolic function and leading to ED. The present study investigated relationships between ED and MLC phosphorylation and underlying mechanisms. Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control, AS, and ML7 (MLCK inhibitor) groups, and fed with normal diet, high-fat diet (HFD), and HFD plus oral ML7 (1 mg/kg daily) respectively. HFD-fed rabbits showed typical atheromatous lesions and endothelial hyperpermeability, and these lesions could be partly reversed following ML7 therapy. Western blotting revealed significant increased expression of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and phosphorylation of MLC, JNK, and ERK in the arterial wall of rabbits in the AS group compared with those of the control group (p < 0.05), whereas the ML7 group showed markedly decreased levels of these proteins compared with the AS group (p < 0.05). The endothelium-dependent relaxation rate was significantly reduced both in vitro and in vivo in AS group, and was improved using ML7 therapy. Taken together, these results indicate that MLCK expression and subsequent MLC phosphorylation increase vascular endothelial permeability and endothelium-dependent diastolic dysfunction by promoting endothelial cell contraction, which may be initiated by the activation of the MAP/ERK (MEK) and MAP/JNK (MEK) pathways.
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28
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Verin AD, Batori R, Kovacs-Kasa A, Cherian-Shaw M, Kumar S, Czikora I, Karoor V, Strassheim D, Stenmark KR, Gerasimovskaya EV. Extracellular adenosine enhances pulmonary artery vasa vasorum endothelial cell barrier function via Gi/ELMO1/Rac1/PKA-dependent signaling mechanisms. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2020; 319:C183-C193. [PMID: 32432925 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00505.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The vasa vasorum (VV), the microvascular network around large vessels, has been recognized as an important contributor to the pathological vascular remodeling in cardiovascular diseases. In bovine and rat models of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (PH), we have previously shown that chronic hypoxia profoundly increased pulmonary artery (PA) VV permeability, associated with infiltration of inflammatory and progenitor cells in the arterial wall, perivascular inflammation, and structural vascular remodeling. Extracellular adenosine was shown to exhibit a barrier-protective effect on VV endothelial cells (VVEC) via cAMP-independent mechanisms, which involved adenosine A1 receptor-mediated activation of Gi-phosphoinositide 3-kinase-Akt pathway and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. Using VVEC isolated from the adventitia of calf PA, in this study we investigated in more detail the mechanisms linking Gi activation to downstream barrier protection pathways. Using a small-interference RNA (siRNA) technique and transendothelial electrical resistance assay, we found that the adaptor protein, engulfment and cell motility 1 (ELMO1), the tyrosine phosphatase Src homology region 2 domain-containing phosphatase-2, and atypical Gi- and Rac1-mediated protein kinase A activation are implicated in VVEC barrier enhancement. In contrast, the actin-interacting GTP-binding protein, girdin, and the p21-activated kinase 1 downstream target, LIM kinase, are not involved in this response. In addition, adenosine-dependent cytoskeletal rearrangement involves activation of cofilin and inactivation of ezrin-radixin-moesin regulatory cytoskeletal proteins, consistent with a barrier-protective mechanism. Collectively, our data indicate that targeting adenosine receptors and downstream barrier-protective pathways in VVEC may have a potential translational significance in developing pharmacological approach for the VV barrier protection in PH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Batori
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Istvan Czikora
- Augusta University Vascular Biology Center, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Vijaya Karoor
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek Strassheim
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Kurt R Stenmark
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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29
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Delvaeye T, De Smet MAJ, Verwaerde S, Decrock E, Czekaj A, Vandenbroucke RE, Lemeire K, Gonçalves A, Declercq W, Vandenabeele P, Krysko DV, Leybaert L. Blocking connexin43 hemichannels protects mice against tumour necrosis factor-induced inflammatory shock. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16623. [PMID: 31719598 PMCID: PMC6851386 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon intravenous injection of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) in mice, a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is initiated, characterized by an acute cytokine storm and induction of vascular hyperpermeability. Connexin43 hemichannels have been implicated in various pathological conditions, e.g. ischemia and inflammation, and can lead to detrimental cellular outcomes. Here, we explored whether targeting connexin43 hemichannels could alleviate TNF-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction and lethality in SIRS. Therefore, we verified whether administration of connexin43-targeting-peptides affected survival, body temperature and vascular permeability in vivo. In vitro, TNF-effects on connexin43 hemichannel function were investigated by single-channel studies and Ca2+-imaging. Blocking connexin43 hemichannels with TAT-Gap19 protected mice against TNF-induced mortality, hypothermia and vascular leakage, while enhancing connexin43 hemichannel function with TAT-CT9 provoked opposite sensitizing effects. In vitro patch-clamp studies revealed that TNF acutely activated connexin43 hemichannel opening in endothelial cells, which was promoted by CT9, and inhibited by Gap19 and intracellular Ca2+-buffering. In vivo experiments aimed at buffering intracellular Ca2+, and pharmacologically targeting Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-II, a known modulator of endothelial barrier integrity, demonstrated their involvement in permeability alterations. Our results demonstrate significant benefits of inhibiting connexin43 hemichannels to counteract TNF-induced SIRS-associated vascular permeability and lethality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinneke Delvaeye
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Maarten A J De Smet
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Stijn Verwaerde
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elke Decrock
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Aleksandra Czekaj
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Roosmarijn E Vandenbroucke
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kelly Lemeire
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amanda Gonçalves
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.,VIB BioImaging Core, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Wim Declercq
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Peter Vandenabeele
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium. .,Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium. .,Methusalem Program, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Dmitri V Krysko
- Department of Human Structure and Repair, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Luc Leybaert
- Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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30
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Gündüz D, Troidl C, Tanislav C, Rohrbach S, Hamm C, Aslam M. Role of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK Signalling in cAMP/Epac-Mediated Endothelial Barrier Stabilisation. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1387. [PMID: 31787905 PMCID: PMC6855264 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Activation of the cAMP/Epac signalling stabilises endothelial barrier function. Moreover, its activation is accompanied by an activation of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling in diverse cell types but their impact on endothelial barrier function is largely unknown. Here the role of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling in cAMP/Epac-mediated endothelial barrier stabilisation was analysed. Methods Endothelial barrier function was analysed in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) by measuring flux of albumin. A modified cAMP analogue 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (Epac agonist) was used to specifically activate cAMP/Epac signalling. Results Epac agonist reduces the basal and attenuates thrombin-induced endothelial hyperpermeability accompanied by an activation of PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling. The qPCR data demonstrate HUVECs express PI3Kα, PI3Kβ, and PI3Kγ but not PI3Kδ isoforms. The western blot data demonstrate Epac agonist activates PI3Kα and PI3Kβ isoforms. Inhibition of MEK/ERK but not PI3K/Akt pathway potentiates the endothelial barrier protective effects of cAMP/Epac signalling. Inhibition of MEK/ERK signalling in the presence of Epac agonist induces a reorganisation of actin cytoskeleton to the cell periphery, enhanced VE-cadherin localisation at cell-cell junctions, and dephosphorylation of myosin light chains (MLC) but not inhibition of RhoA/Rock signalling. Moreover, Epac agonist promotes endothelial cell (EC) survival via reduction in activities of pro-apoptotic caspases in a PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling-dependent manner. Conclusion Our data demonstrate that the Epac agonist simultaneously activates diverse signalling pathways in ECs, which may have differential effects on endothelial barrier function. It activates PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK signalling which mainly govern its pro-survival effects on ECs. Inhibition of MEK/ERK but not PI3K/Akt signalling enhances barrier stabilising and barrier protective effects of cAMP/Epac activation. Chemical Compounds Used In This Study 8-pCPT-2′-O-Me-cAMP (PubChem CID: 9913268); Akt inhibitor VIII (PubChem CID: 10196499); AS-252424 (PubChem CID: 11630874); IC-87114 (PubChem CID: 9908783); PD 98059 (PubChem CID: 4713); PIK-75 (PubChem CID: 10275789); TGX-221 (PubChem CID: 9907093); Thrombin (PubChem CID: 90470996); U0126 (PubChem CID: 3006531); Wortmannin (PubChem CID: 312145).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dursun Gündüz
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Evangelisches Jung Stilling Krankenhaus GmbH, Siegen, Germany
| | - Christian Troidl
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Experimental Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Tanislav
- Department of Neurology, Evangelisches Jung Stilling Krankenhaus GmbH, Siegen, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Hamm
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Giessen, Germany.,Experimental Cardiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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31
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Karki P, Birukov KG. Rho and Reactive Oxygen Species at Crossroads of Endothelial Permeability and Inflammation. Antioxid Redox Signal 2019; 31:1009-1022. [PMID: 31126187 PMCID: PMC6765062 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Increased endothelial permeability and inflammation are two major hallmarks of the life-threatening conditions such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis. There is a growing consensus in the field that the Rho family of small guanosine triphosphates are critical regulators of endothelial function at both physiological and pathological states. A basal level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is essential for maintaining metabolic homeostasis, vascular tone, and angiogenesis; however, excessive ROS generation impairs endothelial function and promotes lung inflammation. In this review, we will focus on the role of Rho in control of endothelial function and also briefly discuss a nexus between ROS generation and Rho activation during endothelial dysfunction. Recent Advances: Extensive studies in the past decades have established that a wide range of barrier-disruptive and proinflammatory agonists activate the Rho pathway that, ultimately, leads to endothelial dysfunction via disruption of endothelial barrier and further escalation of inflammation. An increasing body of evidence suggests that a bidirectional interplay exists between the Rho pathway and ROS generation during endothelial dysfunction. Rac, a member of the Rho family, is directly involved in ROS production and ROS, in turn, activate RhoA, Rac, and Cdc42. Critical Issues: A precise mechanism of interaction between ROS generation and Rho activation and its impact on endothelial function needs to be elucidated. Future Directions: By employing advanced molecular techniques, the sequential cascades in the Rho-ROS crosstalk signaling axis need to be explored. The therapeutic potential of the Rho pathway inhibitors in endothelial-dysfunction associated cardiopulmonary disorders needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap Karki
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Konstantin G Birukov
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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32
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Gomez JL, Himes BE, Kaminski N. Precision Medicine in Critical Illness: Sepsis and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. PRECISION IN PULMONARY, CRITICAL CARE, AND SLEEP MEDICINE 2019. [PMCID: PMC7120471 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-31507-8_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) each cause substantial morbidity and mortality. In contrast to other lung diseases, the entire course of disease in these syndromes is measured in days to weeks rather than months to years, which raises unique challenges in achieving precision medicine. We review advances in sepsis and ARDS resulting from omics studies, including those involving genome-wide association, gene expression, targeted proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. We focus on promising evidence of biological subtypes in both sepsis and ARDS that consistently display high risk for death. In sepsis, a gene expression signature with dysregulated adaptive immune signaling has evidence for a differential response to systemic steroid therapy, whereas in ARDS, a hyperinflammatory pattern identified in plasma using targeted proteomics responded more favorably to randomized interventions including high positive end-expiratory pressure, volume conservative fluid therapy, and simvastatin therapy. These early examples suggest heterogeneous biology that may be challenging to detect by clinical factors alone and speak to the promise of a precision approach that targets the right treatment at the right time to the right patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Gomez
- Assistant Professor Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine Section, Department of Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Blanca E. Himes
- Assistant Professor of Informatics, Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Boehringer-Ingelheim Endowed, Professor of Internal Medicine, Chief of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT USA
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33
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Mascarenhas JB, Tchourbanov AY, Danilov SM, Zhou T, Wang T, Garcia JGN. The Splicing Factor hnRNPA1 Regulates Alternate Splicing of the MYLK Gene. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 58:604-613. [PMID: 29077485 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0141oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Profound lung vascular permeability is a cardinal feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI), two syndromes known to centrally involve the nonmuscle isoform of myosin light chain kinase (nmMLCK) in vascular barrier dysregulation. Two main splice variants, nmMLCK1 and nmMLCK2, are well represented in human lung endothelial cells and encoded by MYLK, and they differ only in the presence of exon 11 in nmMLCK1, which contains critical phosphorylation sites (Y464 and Y471) that influence nmMLCK enzymatic activity, cellular translocation, and localization in response to vascular agonists. We recently demonstrated the functional role of SNPs in altering MYLK splicing, and in the present study we sought to identify the role of splicing factors in the generation of nmMLCK1 and nmMLCK2 spliced variants. Using bioinformatic in silico approaches, we identified a putative binding site for heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1 (hnRNPA1), a recognized splicing factor. We verified hnRNPA1 binding to MYLK by gel shift analyses and that hnRNPA1 gene and protein expression is upregulated in mouse lungs obtained from preclinical models of ARDS and VILI and in human endothelial cells exposed to 18% cyclic stretch, a model that reproduces the excessive mechanical stress observed in VILI. Using an MYLK minigene approach, we established a direct role of hnRNPA1 in MYLK splicing and in the context of 18% cyclic stretch. In summary, these data indicate an important regulatory role for hnRNPA1 in MYLK splicing, and they increase understanding of MYLK splicing in the regulation of lung vascular integrity during acute lung inflammation and excessive mechanical stress, such as that observed in ARDS and VILI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sergei M Danilov
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and.,3 Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Tong Zhou
- 4 Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The University of Nevada, Reno School of Medicine, Reno, Nevada
| | - Ting Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, and
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34
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Shakhov AS, Dugina VB, Alieva IB. Structural Features of Actin Cytoskeleton Required for Endotheliocyte Barrier Function. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:358-369. [PMID: 31228927 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919040035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic actin structures are essential components of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. According to the classic concepts, actin structures perform contractile and motor functions, ensuring the possibility of cell shape changes during cell spreading, polarization, and movement both in vitro and in vivo, from the early embryogenesis stages and throughout the life of a multicellular organism. Intracellular organization of actin structures, their biochemical composition, and dynamic properties play a key role in the realization of specific cellular and tissue functions and vary in different cell types. This paper is a review of recent studies on the organization and properties of actin structures in endotheliocytes, interaction of these structures with other cytoskeletal components and elements involved in cell adhesion, as well as their role in the functional activity of endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Shakhov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - V B Dugina
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - I B Alieva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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35
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Zhang Y, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zeng W, Li S, Chen C, Song X, Sun J, Sun Z, Cui C, Cao X, Zheng L, Wang P, Zhao W, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Zhu M, Chen H. ZIPK mediates endothelial cell contraction through myosin light chain phosphorylation and is required for ischemic-reperfusion injury. FASEB J 2019; 33:9062-9074. [PMID: 31180722 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802052rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The paracellular gap formed by endothelial cell (EC) contraction is fundamental for endothelium permeability, but the mechanism underlying EC contraction has yet to be determined. Here, we identified the zipper-interacting protein kinase (ZIPK) as the kinase for EC contraction and myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation. Inhibition of ZIPK activity by pharmacological inhibitors and small interfering RNAs led to a significant decrease in the mono- and diphosphorylation of MLCs along with a contractile response to thrombin, suggesting an essential role of ZIPK in EC paracellular permeability. To assess the role of ZIPK in vivo, we established mouse lines with conditional deletion of Zipk gene. The endothelium-specific deletion of Zipk led to embryonic lethality, whereas the UBC-CreERT2-mediated deletion of Zipk by tamoxifen induction at adulthood caused no apparent phenotype. The induced deletion of Zipk significantly inhibited ischemia-reperfusion-induced blood-brain barrier dysfunction and neuronal injuries from middle cerebral artery occlusion and reperfusion, as evidenced by reduced infarct and edema volume, attenuated Evans blue dye leakage, and improved neuronal behavior. We thus concluded that ZIPK and its phosphorylation of MLC were required for EC contraction and ischemic neuronal injuries. ZIPK may be a prospective therapeutic target for stroke.-Zhang, Y., Zhang, C., Zhang, H., Zeng, W., Li, S., Chen, C., Song, X., Sun, J., Sun, Z., Cui, C., Cao, X., Zheng, L., Wang, P., Zhao, W., Zhang, Z., Xu, Y., Zhu, M., Chen, H. ZIPK mediates endothelial cell contraction through myosin light chain phosphorylation and is required for ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiteng Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenghai Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Zeng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Caiping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaobin Song
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiyuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Congcong Cui
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Cao
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Lirong Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Xu
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Minsheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Model Animal Research Center, and Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory of Model Animal for Disease Study, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huaqun Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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36
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Stiff Substrates Enhance Endothelial Oxidative Stress in Response to Protein Kinase C Activation. Appl Bionics Biomech 2019; 2019:6578492. [PMID: 31110559 PMCID: PMC6487160 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6578492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arterial stiffness, which increases with aging and hypertension, is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. While stiffer substrates are known to affect single endothelial cell morphology and migration, the effect of substrate stiffness on endothelial monolayer function is less understood. The objective of this study was to determine if substrate stiffness increased endothelial monolayer reactive oxygen species (ROS) in response to protein kinase C (PKC) activation and if this oxidative stress then impacted adherens junction integrity. Porcine aortic endothelial cells were cultured on varied stiffness polyacrylamide gels and treated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), which stimulates PKC and ROS without increasing actinomyosin contractility. PMA-treated endothelial cells on stiffer substrates increased ROS and adherens junction loss without increased contractility. ROS scavengers abrogated PMA effects on cell-cell junctions, with a more profound effect in cells on stiffer substrates. Finally, endothelial cells in aortae from elastin haploinsufficient mice (Eln+/-), which were stiffer than aortae from wild-type mice, showed decreased VE-cadherin colocalization with peripheral actin following PMA treatment. These data suggest that oxidative stress may be enhanced in endothelial cells in stiffer vessels, which could contribute to the association between arterial stiffness and cardiovascular disease.
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37
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Georgouli M, Herraiz C, Crosas-Molist E, Fanshawe B, Maiques O, Perdrix A, Pandya P, Rodriguez-Hernandez I, Ilieva KM, Cantelli G, Karagiannis P, Mele S, Lam H, Josephs DH, Matias-Guiu X, Marti RM, Nestle FO, Orgaz JL, Malanchi I, Fruhwirth GO, Karagiannis SN, Sanz-Moreno V. Regional Activation of Myosin II in Cancer Cells Drives Tumor Progression via a Secretory Cross-Talk with the Immune Microenvironment. Cell 2019; 176:757-774.e23. [PMID: 30712866 PMCID: PMC6370915 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
ROCK-Myosin II drives fast rounded-amoeboid migration in cancer cells during metastatic dissemination. Analysis of human melanoma biopsies revealed that amoeboid melanoma cells with high Myosin II activity are predominant in the invasive fronts of primary tumors in proximity to CD206+CD163+ tumor-associated macrophages and vessels. Proteomic analysis shows that ROCK-Myosin II activity in amoeboid cancer cells controls an immunomodulatory secretome, enabling the recruitment of monocytes and their differentiation into tumor-promoting macrophages. Both amoeboid cancer cells and their associated macrophages support an abnormal vasculature, which ultimately facilitates tumor progression. Mechanistically, amoeboid cancer cells perpetuate their behavior via ROCK-Myosin II-driven IL-1α secretion and NF-κB activation. Using an array of tumor models, we show that high Myosin II activity in tumor cells reprograms the innate immune microenvironment to support tumor growth. We describe an unexpected role for Myosin II dynamics in cancer cells controlling myeloid function via secreted factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Georgouli
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Cecilia Herraiz
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Eva Crosas-Molist
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Bruce Fanshawe
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Oscar Maiques
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anna Perdrix
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK; Tumour-Stroma Interactions in Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Pahini Pandya
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Irene Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Kristina M Ilieva
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Gaia Cantelli
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Panagiotis Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; Department of Oncology, Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University Hospital of Hamburg Eppendorf, Hamburg 20246, Germany
| | - Silvia Mele
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Hoyin Lam
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Debra H Josephs
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK; School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guy's Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Xavier Matias-Guiu
- Departments of Pathology Hospital U Arnau de Vilanova and Hospital U de Bellvitge, IRBLLEIDA, IDIBELL, University of Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Rosa M Marti
- Department of Dermatology, Hospital U Arnau de Vilanova, IRBLLEIDA, University of Lleida, CIBERONC, Lleida, Spain
| | - Frank O Nestle
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Jose L Orgaz
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ilaria Malanchi
- Tumour-Stroma Interactions in Cancer Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 1AT, UK
| | - Gilbert O Fruhwirth
- Department of Imaging Chemistry and Biology, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, St. Thomas Hospital, King's College London, London SE1 7EH, UK
| | - Sophia N Karagiannis
- St John's Institute of Dermatology, King's College London and National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre at Guy's and St Thomas' Hospitals and King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Victoria Sanz-Moreno
- Barts Cancer Institute, John Vane Science Building, Charterhouse Square, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK; Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK.
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38
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Kazakova OA, Khapchaev AY, Ragimov AA, Salimov EL, Shirinsky VP. Western Blotting-Based Quantitative Measurement of Myosin II Regulatory Light Chain Phosphorylation in Small Amounts of Non-muscle Cells. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:11-19. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297919010024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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39
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Nalle SC, Zuo L, Ong MLDM, Singh G, Worthylake AM, Choi W, Manresa MC, Southworth AP, Edelblum KL, Baker GJ, Joseph NE, Savage PA, Turner JR. Graft-versus-host disease propagation depends on increased intestinal epithelial tight junction permeability. J Clin Invest 2019; 129:902-914. [PMID: 30667372 DOI: 10.1172/jci98554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) that affects multiple organs. GVHD-associated intestinal damage can be separated into two distinct phases, initiation and propagation, which correspond to conditioning-induced damage and effector T cell activation and infiltration, respectively. Substantial evidence indicates that intestinal damage induced by pretransplant conditioning is a key driver of GVHD initiation. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of dysregulated intestinal permeability on the subsequent GVHD propagation phase. The initiation phase of GVHD was unchanged in mice lacking long MLCK (MLCK210), an established regulator of epithelial tight junction permeability. However, MLCK210-deficient mice were protected from sustained barrier loss and exhibited limited GVHD propagation, as indicated by reduced histopathology, fewer CD8+ effector T cells in the gut, and improved overall survival. Consistent with these findings, intestinal epithelial MLCK210 expression and enzymatic activity were similarly increased in human and mouse GVHD biopsies. Intestinal epithelial barrier loss mediated by MLCK210 is therefore a key driver of the GVHD propagation. These data suggest that inhibition of MLCK210-dependent barrier regulation may be an effective approach to limiting GVHD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam C Nalle
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Li Zuo
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Ma Lora Drizella M Ong
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gurminder Singh
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Alicia M Worthylake
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wangsun Choi
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mario Cabrero Manresa
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Anna P Southworth
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Karen L Edelblum
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Center for Inflammation and Immunity, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Cancer Center, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Gregory J Baker
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Harvard Program in Therapeutic Science, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nora E Joseph
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Peter A Savage
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jerrold R Turner
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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40
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Bátori R, Kumar S, Bordán Z, Cherian-Shaw M, Kovács-Kása A, MacDonald JA, Fulton DJR, Erdődi F, Verin AD. Differential mechanisms of adenosine- and ATPγS-induced microvascular endothelial barrier strengthening. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5863-5879. [PMID: 29271489 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of the endothelial cell (EC) barrier is critical to vascular homeostasis and a loss of barrier integrity results in increased vascular permeability. While the mechanisms that govern increased EC permeability have been under intense investigation over the past several decades, the processes regulating the preservation/restoration of the EC barrier remain poorly understood. Herein we show that the extracellular purines, adenosine (Ado) and adenosine 5'-[γ-thio]-triphosphate (ATPγS) can strengthen the barrier function of human lung microvascular EC (HLMVEC). This ability involves protein kinase A (PKA) activation and decreases in myosin light chain 20 (MLC20) phosphorylation secondary to the involvement of MLC phosphatase (MLCP). In contrast to Ado, ATPγS-induced PKA activation is accompanied by a modest, but significant decrease in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) levels supporting the existence of an unconventional cAMP-independent pathway of PKA activation. Furthermore, ATPγS-induced EC barrier strengthening does not involve the Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3 (EPAC1) which is directly activated by cAMP but is instead dependent upon PKA-anchor protein 2 (AKAP2) expression. We also found that AKAP2 can directly interact with the myosin phosphatase-targeting protein MYPT1 and that depletion of AKAP2 abolished ATPγS-induced increases in transendothelial electrical resistance. Ado-induced strengthening of the HLMVEC barrier required the coordinated activation of PKA and EPAC1 in a cAMP-dependent manner. In summary, ATPγS-induced enhancement of the EC barrier is EPAC1-independent and is instead mediated by activation of PKA which is then guided by AKAP2, in a cAMP-independent mechanism, to activate MLCP which dephosphorylates MLC20 resulting in reduced EC contraction and preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Róbert Bátori
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Sanjiv Kumar
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | - Justin A MacDonald
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Smooth Muscle Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - David J R Fulton
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Pharmacology, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
| | - Ferenc Erdődi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary.,MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signalling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Alexander D Verin
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia.,Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, Georgia
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41
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Mechanisms of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Herpes Simplex Encephalitis. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2018; 14:157-172. [PMID: 30456443 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-018-9821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) is often caused by infection with herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1), a neurotropic double-stranded DNA virus. HSE infection always impacts the temporal and frontal lobes or limbic system, leading to edema, hemorrhage, and necrotic changes in the brain parenchyma. Additionally, patients often exhibit severe complications following antiviral treatment, including dementia and epilepsy. HSE is further associated with disruptions to the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which consists of microvascular endothelial cells, tight junctions, astrocytes, pericytes, and basement membranes. Following an HSV-1 infection, changes in BBB integrity and permeability can result in increased movement of viruses, immune cells, and/or cytokines into the brain parenchyma. This leads to an enhanced inflammatory response in the central nervous system and further damage to the brain. Thus, it is important to protect the BBB from pathogens to reduce brain damage from HSE. Here, we discuss HSE and the normal structure and function of the BBB. We also discuss growing evidence indicating an association between BBB breakdown and the pathogenesis of HSE, as well as future research directions and potential new therapeutic targets. Graphical Abstract During herpes simplex encephalitis, the functions and structures of each composition of BBB have been altered by different factors, thus the permeability and integrity of BBB have been broken. The review aim to explore the potential mechanisms and factors in the process, probe the next research targets and new therapeutic targets.
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42
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Liu P, Rojo de la Vega M, Sammani S, Mascarenhas JB, Kerins M, Dodson M, Sun X, Wang T, Ooi A, Garcia JGN, Zhang DD. RPA1 binding to NRF2 switches ARE-dependent transcriptional activation to ARE-NRE-dependent repression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E10352-E10361. [PMID: 30309964 PMCID: PMC6217430 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1812125115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
NRF2 regulates cellular redox homeostasis, metabolic balance, and proteostasis by forming a dimer with small musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma proteins (sMAFs) and binding to antioxidant response elements (AREs) to activate target gene transcription. In contrast, NRF2-ARE-dependent transcriptional repression is unreported. Here, we describe NRF2-mediated gene repression via a specific seven-nucleotide sequence flanking the ARE, which we term the NRF2-replication protein A1 (RPA1) element (NRE). Mechanistically, RPA1 competes with sMAF for NRF2 binding, followed by interaction of NRF2-RPA1 with the ARE-NRE and eduction of promoter activity. Genome-wide in silico and RNA-seq analyses revealed this NRF2-RPA1-ARE-NRE complex mediates negative regulation of many genes with diverse functions, indicating that this mechanism is a fundamental cellular process. Notably, repression of MYLK, which encodes the nonmuscle myosin light chain kinase, by the NRF2-RPA1-ARE-NRE complex disrupts vascular integrity in preclinical inflammatory lung injury models, illustrating the translational significance of NRF2-mediated transcriptional repression. Our findings reveal a gene-suppressive function of NRF2 and a subset of negatively regulated NRF2 target genes, underscoring the broad impact of NRF2 in physiological and pathological settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Liu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | | | - Saad Sammani
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Joseph B Mascarenhas
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Michael Kerins
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Matthew Dodson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Aikseng Ooi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;
| | - Donna D Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721;
- The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
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Abstract
The pulmonary endothelial cell forms a critical semi-permeable barrier between the vascular and interstitial space. As part of the blood-gas barrier in the lung, the endothelium plays a key role in normal physiologic function and pathologic disease. Changes in endothelial cell shape, defined by its plasma membrane, determine barrier integrity. A number of key cytoskeletal regulatory and effector proteins including non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3 mediate actin rearrangements to form cortical and membrane associated structures in response to barrier enhancing stimuli. These actin formations support and interact with junctional complexes and exert forces to protrude the lipid membrane to and close gaps between individual cells. The current knowledge of these cytoskeletal processes and regulatory proteins are the subject of this review. In addition, we explore novel advancements in cellular imaging that are poised to shed light on the complex nature of pulmonary endothelial permeability.
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44
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Endothelial Protrusions in Junctional Integrity and Barrier Function. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2018; 82:93-140. [PMID: 30360784 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial cells of the microcirculation form a semi-permeable diffusion barrier between the blood and tissues. This permeability of the endothelium, particularly in the capillaries and postcapillary venules, is a normal physiological function needed for blood-tissue exchange in the microcirculation. During inflammation, microvascular permeability increases dramatically and can lead to tissue edema, which in turn can lead to dysfunction of tissues and organs. The molecular mechanisms that control the barrier function of endothelial cells have been under investigation for several decades and remain an important topic due to the potential for discovery of novel therapeutic strategies to reduce edema. This review highlights current knowledge of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that lead to endothelial hyperpermeability during inflammatory conditions associated with injury and disease. This includes a discussion of recent findings demonstrating temporal protrusions by endothelial cells that may contribute to intercellular junction integrity between endothelial cells and affect the diffusion distance for solutes via the paracellular pathway.
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45
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Iyinikkel J, Murray F. GPCRs in pulmonary arterial hypertension: tipping the balance. Br J Pharmacol 2018; 175:3063-3079. [PMID: 29468655 PMCID: PMC6031878 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, fatal disease characterised by increased pulmonary vascular resistance and excessive proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC). GPCRs, which are attractive pharmacological targets, are important regulators of pulmonary vascular tone and PASMC phenotype. PAH is associated with the altered expression and function of a number of GPCRs in the pulmonary circulation, which leads to the vasoconstriction and proliferation of PASMC and thereby contributes to the imbalance of pulmonary vascular tone associated with PAH; drugs targeting GPCRs are currently used clinically to treat PAH and extensive preclinical work supports the utility of a number of additional GPCRs. Here we review how GPCR expression and function changes with PAH and discuss why GPCRs continue to be relevant drug targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Iyinikkel
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Fiona Murray
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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fMLP-dependent activation of Akt and ERK1/2 through ROS/Rho A pathways is mediated through restricted activation of the FPRL1 (FPR2) receptor. Inflamm Res 2018; 67:711-722. [PMID: 29922854 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-018-1163-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN The objective of this study is to uncover the signal transduction pathways of N-formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) in monocyte. MATERIALS OR SUBJECTS Freshly isolated human peripheral blood monocytes (PBMC) were used for in vitro assessment of signal transduction pathways activated by fMLP. TREATMENT Time-course and dose-response experiments were used to evaluate the effect of fMLP along with the specific inhibitors/stimulators on the activation of downstream signaling kinases. METHODS Freshly isolated human PBMC were stimulated with fMLP for the desired time. Western blot and siRNA analysis were used to evaluate the activated intracellular signaling kinases, and flow analysis was performed to assess the levels of CD11b. Furthermore, luminescence spectrometry was performed to measure the levels of released hydrogen peroxide in the media. RESULTS fMLP strongly stimulated the activation of AKT and ERK1/2 through a RhoA-GTPase-dependent manner and also induced H2O2 release by monocytes. Furthermore, fMLP mediated its effects through restricted activation of formylpeptide receptor-like 1 (FPRL1/FPR2), but independently of either EGFR transactivation or intracellular calcium release. In addition, NAC reversed fMLP- and H2O2-induced activation of Akt and RhoA-GTPase. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggested that fMLP-activated ERK1/2 and Akt pathways through specific activation of the FPRL1/ROS/RoA-GTPase pathway.
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Izawa Y, Gu YH, Osada T, Kanazawa M, Hawkins BT, Koziol JA, Papayannopoulou T, Spatz M, Del Zoppo GJ. β1-integrin-matrix interactions modulate cerebral microvessel endothelial cell tight junction expression and permeability. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:641-658. [PMID: 28787238 PMCID: PMC5888854 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17722108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acutely following focal cerebral ischemia disruption of the microvessel blood-brain barrier allows transit of plasma proteins into the neuropil as edema formation that coincides with loss of microvessel endothelial β1-integrins. We extend previous findings to show that interference with endothelial β1-integrin-matrix adhesion by the monoclonal IgM Ha2/5 increases the permeability of primary cerebral microvascular endothelial cell monolayers through reorganization of claudin-5, occludin, and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) from inter-endothelial borders. Interference with β1-integrin-matrix adhesion initiates F-actin conformational changes that coincide with claudin-5 redistribution. β1-integrin-matrix interference simultaneously increases phosphorylation of myosin light chain (MLC), while inhibition of MLC kinase (MLCK) and Rho kinase (ROCK) abolishes the Ha2/5-dependent increased endothelial permeability by 6 h after β1-integrin-matrix interference. These observations are supported by concordant observations in the cortex of a high-quality murine conditional β1-integrin deletion construct. Together they support the hypothesis that detachment of β1-integrins from abluminal matrix ligands increases vascular endothelial permeability through reorganization of tight junction (TJ) proteins via altered F-actin conformation, and indicate that the β1-integrin-MLC signaling pathway is engaged when β1-integrin detachment occurs. These findings provide a novel approach to the research and treatment of cerebral disorders where the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier accounts for their progression and complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikane Izawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu-Huan Gu
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Takashi Osada
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,2 Department of Neurology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Kanazawa
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,3 Department of Neurology, Brain Research Institute, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan
| | - Brian T Hawkins
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,4 Discovery, Science, & Technology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - James A Koziol
- 5 Department of Molecular and Experimental Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Thalia Papayannopoulou
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Maria Spatz
- 6 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gregory J Del Zoppo
- 1 Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,7 Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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Wang T, Brown ME, Kelly GT, Camp SM, Mascarenhas JB, Sun X, Dudek SM, Garcia JGN. Myosin light chain kinase ( MYLK) coding polymorphisms modulate human lung endothelial cell barrier responses via altered tyrosine phosphorylation, spatial localization, and lamellipodial protrusions. Pulm Circ 2018; 8:2045894018764171. [PMID: 29480069 PMCID: PMC5846938 DOI: 10.1177/2045894018764171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a potent bioactive endogenous lipid that signals a rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton via the regulation of non-muscle myosin light chain kinase isoform (nmMLCK). S1P induces critical nmMLCK Y464 and Y471 phosphorylation resulting in translocation of nmMLCK to the periphery where spatially-directed increases in myosin light chain (MLC) phosphorylation and tension result in lamellipodia protrusion, increased cell-cell adhesion, and enhanced vascular barrier integrity. MYLK, the gene encoding nmMLCK, is a known candidate gene in lung inflammatory diseases, with coding genetic variants (Pro21His, Ser147Pro, Val261Ala) that confer risk for inflammatory lung injury and influence disease severity. The functional mechanisms by which these MYLK coding single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) affect biologic processes to increase disease risk and severity remain elusive. In the current study, we utilized quantifiable cell immunofluorescence assays to determine the influence of MYLK coding SNPs on S1P-mediated nmMLCK phosphorylation and translocation to the human lung endothelial cell (EC) periphery . These disease-associated MYLK variants result in reduced levels of S1P-induced Y464 phosphorylation, a key site for nmMLCK enzymatic regulation and activation. Reduced Y464 phosphorylation resulted in attenuated nmMLCK protein translocation to the cell periphery. We further conducted EC kymographic assays which confirmed that lamellipodial protrusion in response to S1P challenge was retarded by expression of a MYLK transgene harboring the three MYLK coding SNPs. These data suggest that ARDS/severe asthma-associated MYLK SNPs functionally influence vascular barrier-regulatory cytoskeletal responses via direct alterations in the levels of nmMLCK tyrosine phosphorylation, spatial localization, and lamellipodial protrusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Mary E Brown
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriel T Kelly
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Sara M Camp
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Joseph B Mascarenhas
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Xiaoguang Sun
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Steven M Dudek
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joe G N Garcia
- 1 Department of Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, USA
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Harrington EO, Vang A, Braza J, Shil A, Chichger H. Activation of the sweet taste receptor, T1R3, by the artificial sweetener sucralose regulates the pulmonary endothelium. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2017; 314:L165-L176. [PMID: 28971978 PMCID: PMC5866431 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00490.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A hallmark of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is pulmonary vascular permeability. In these settings, loss of barrier integrity is mediated by cell-contact disassembly and actin remodeling. Studies into molecular mechanisms responsible for improving microvascular barrier function are therefore vital in the development of therapeutic targets for reducing vascular permeability in ARDS. The sweet taste receptor T1R3 is a G protein-coupled receptor, activated following exposure to sweet molecules, to trigger a gustducin-dependent signal cascade. In recent years, extraoral locations for T1R3 have been identified; however, no studies have focused on T1R3 within the vasculature. We hypothesize that activation of T1R3, in the pulmonary vasculature, plays a role in regulating endothelial barrier function in settings of ARDS. Our study demonstrated expression of T1R3 within the pulmonary vasculature, with a drop in expression levels following exposure to barrier-disruptive agents. Exposure of lung microvascular endothelial cells to the intensely sweet molecule sucralose attenuated LPS- and thrombin-induced endothelial barrier dysfunction. Likewise, sucralose exposure attenuated bacteria-induced lung edema formation in vivo. Inhibition of sweet taste signaling, through zinc sulfate, T1R3, or G-protein siRNA, blunted the protective effects of sucralose on the endothelium. Sucralose significantly reduced LPS-induced increased expression or phosphorylation of the key signaling molecules Src, p21-activated kinase (PAK), myosin light chain-2 (MLC2), heat shock protein 27 (HSP27), and p110α phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (p110αPI3K). Activation of T1R3 by sucralose protects the pulmonary endothelium from edemagenic agent-induced barrier disruption, potentially through abrogation of Src/PAK/p110αPI3K-mediated cell-contact disassembly and Src/MLC2/HSP27-mediated actin remodeling. Identification of sweet taste sensing in the pulmonary vasculature may represent a novel therapeutic target to protect the endothelium in settings of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth O Harrington
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Alexander Vang
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Julie Braza
- Vascular Research Laboratory, Providence Veterans Affairs Medical Center , Providence, Rhode Island.,Department of Medicine, Alpert Medical School of Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Aparna Shil
- Biomedical Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge , United Kingdom
| | - Havovi Chichger
- Biomedical Research Group, Anglia Ruskin University , Cambridge , United Kingdom
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