1
|
Almeida LM, Lima LP, Oliveira NAS, Silva RFO, Sousa B, Bessa J, Pinho BR, Oliveira JMA. PERK inhibition in zebrafish mimics human Wolcott-Rallison syndrome phenotypes. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.04.16.589737. [PMID: 38659860 PMCID: PMC11042256 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.16.589737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Wolcott-Rallison Syndrome (WRS) is the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus among consanguineous families. The diabetes associated with WRS is non-autoimmune, insulin-requiring and associated with skeletal dysplasia and growth retardation. The therapeutic options for WRS patients rely on permanent insulin pumping or on invasive transplants of liver and pancreas. WRS has a well identified genetic cause: loss-of-function mutations in the gene coding for an endoplasmic reticulum kinase named PERK (protein kinase R-like ER kinase). Currently, WRS research is facilitated by cellular and rodent models with PERK ablation. While these models have unique strengths, cellular models incompletely replicate the organ/system-level complexity of WRS, and rodents have limited scalability for efficiently screening potential therapeutics. To address these challenges, we developed a new in vivo model of WRS by pharmacologically inhibiting PERK in zebrafish. This small vertebrate displays high fecundity, rapid development of organ systems and is amenable to highly efficient in vivo drug testing. PERK inhibition in zebrafish produced typical WRS phenotypes such as glucose dysregulation, skeletal defects, and impaired development. PERK inhibition in zebrafish also produced broad-spectrum WRS phenotypes such as impaired neuromuscular function, compromised cardiac function and muscular integrity. These results show that zebrafish holds potential as a versatile model to study WRS mechanisms and contribute to the identification of promising therapeutic options for WRS.
Collapse
|
2
|
Liu X, Wang B, Chang M, Zhang X, Zou H, Zhang Z, Han G. USP12 regulates ER stress-associated osteogenesis in human periodontal ligament cells under tension stress. Cell Signal 2024; 114:111015. [PMID: 38113977 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The bone formation (osteogenesis) of human periodontal ligament cells (hPDLCs) under tension stress is essential for alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) remove ubiquitin from target proteins, affecting their function and mediating cell survival and differentiation. However, whether and how DUBs regulate hPDLC function under tension force is poorly understood. In this study, we first investigated the expression of DUBs in hPDLCs under cyclic tension stimulation (CTS). Up-regulation of USP12 was observed in hPDLCs and at the tension side of molar teeth in OTM C57BL6 mice models. Knockdown (KD) of USP12 led to enhanced osteogenesis of hPDLCs under CTS. RNA-seq analysis suggested that the unfolded protein response (UPR) was the prevailing biological process in hPDLCs with USP12 KD, indicating that USP12 depletion triggered endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The three major UPR-related signaling branches, namely PERK/eIF2α/ATF4, IRE1α/XBP1s, and ATF6 axis, were activated in hPDLCs with USP12 KD. By utilizing specific inhibitors, we proved that the PERK/eIF2α/ATF4 axis predominantly mediated the enhanced osteogenesis in hPDLCs with USP12 KD under CTS. In summary, our study demonstrates that USP12 serves as a key regulator for CTS-induced osteogenesis in hPDLCs, suggesting that USP12 upregulation serves as an adaptive mechanism for hPDLCs to alleviate ER stress during OTM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Beike Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Maolin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Guangli Han
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan, China; Orthodontic Department Division II, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Boone M, Zappa F. Signaling plasticity in the integrated stress response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271141. [PMID: 38143923 PMCID: PMC10740175 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Integrated Stress Response (ISR) is an essential homeostatic signaling network that controls the cell's biosynthetic capacity. Four ISR sensor kinases detect multiple stressors and relay this information to downstream effectors by phosphorylating a common node: the alpha subunit of the eukaryotic initiation factor eIF2. As a result, general protein synthesis is repressed while select transcripts are preferentially translated, thus remodeling the proteome and transcriptome. Mounting evidence supports a view of the ISR as a dynamic signaling network with multiple modulators and feedback regulatory features that vary across cell and tissue types. Here, we discuss updated views on ISR sensor kinase mechanisms, how the subcellular localization of ISR components impacts signaling, and highlight ISR signaling differences across cells and tissues. Finally, we consider crosstalk between the ISR and other signaling pathways as a determinant of cell health.
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhong M, Wu Z, Chen Z, Ren Q, Zhou J. Advances in the interaction between endoplasmic reticulum stress and osteoporosis. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115134. [PMID: 37437374 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the main site for protein synthesis, folding, and secretion, and accumulation of the unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER may induce ER stress. ER stress is an important participant in various intracellular signaling pathways. Prolonged- or high-intensity ER stress may induce cell apoptosis. Osteoporosis, characterized by imbalanced bone remodeling, is a global disease caused by many factors, such as ER stress. ER stress stimulates osteoblast apoptosis, increases bone loss, and promotes osteoporosis development. Many factors, such as the drug's adverse effects, metabolic disorders, calcium ion imbalance, bad habits, and aging, have been reported to activate ER stress, resulting in the pathological development of osteoporosis. Increasing evidence shows that ER stress regulates osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast activity, and osteoclast formation and function. Various therapeutic agents have been developed to counteract ER stress and thereby suppress osteoporosis development. Thus, inhibition of ER stress has become a potential target for the therapeutic management of osteoporosis. However, the in-depth understanding of ER stress in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis still needs more effort.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingliang Zhong
- College of Rehabilitation, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhenyu Wu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Zhixi Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Qun Ren
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Jianguo Zhou
- Department of Joint Surgery, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wu T, Jiang Y, Shi W, Wang Y, Li T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress: a novel targeted approach to repair bone defects by regulating osteogenesis and angiogenesis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:480. [PMID: 37464413 PMCID: PMC10353205 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04328-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone regeneration therapy is clinically important, and targeted regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is important in regenerative medicine. The processing of proteins in the ER controls cell fate. The accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins occurs in pathological states, triggering ER stress. ER stress restores homeostasis through three main mechanisms, including protein kinase-R-like ER kinase (PERK), inositol-requiring enzyme 1ɑ (IRE1ɑ) and activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), collectively known as the unfolded protein response (UPR). However, the UPR has both adaptive and apoptotic effects. Modulation of ER stress has therapeutic potential for numerous diseases. Repair of bone defects involves both angiogenesis and bone regeneration. Here, we review the effects of ER stress on osteogenesis and angiogenesis, with emphasis on ER stress under high glucose (HG) and inflammatory conditions, and the use of ER stress inducers or inhibitors to regulate osteogenesis and angiogenesis. In addition, we highlight the ability for exosomes to regulate ER stress. Recent advances in the regulation of ER stress mediated osteogenesis and angiogenesis suggest novel therapeutic options for bone defects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wu
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yaping Jiang
- Department of Oral Implantology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Weipeng Shi
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Yingzhen Wang
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Joint Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 59, Haier Road, Qingdao, 266003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Iyer S, Adams DJ. Bone and the Unfolded Protein Response: In Sickness and in Health. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:96-109. [PMID: 37243756 PMCID: PMC10326125 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01096-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation and optimal function of osteoblasts and osteoclasts are contingent on synthesis and maintenance of a healthy proteome. Impaired and/or altered secretory capacity of these skeletal cells is a primary driver of most skeletal diseases. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) orchestrates the folding and maturation of membrane as well as secreted proteins at high rates within a calcium rich and oxidative organellar niche. Three ER membrane proteins monitor fidelity of protein processing in the ER and initiate an intricate signaling cascade known as the Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) to remediate accumulation of misfolded proteins in its lumen, a condition referred to as ER stress. The UPR aids in fine-tuning, expanding and/or modifying the cellular proteome, especially in specialized secretory cells, to match everchanging physiologic cues and metabolic demands. Sustained activation of the UPR due to chronic ER stress, however, is known to hasten cell death and drive pathophysiology of several diseases. A growing body of evidence suggests that ER stress and an aberrant UPR may contribute to poor skeletal health and the development of osteoporosis. Small molecule therapeutics that target distinct components of the UPR may therefore have implications for developing novel treatment modalities relevant to the skeleton. This review summarizes the complexity of UPR actions in bone cells in the context of skeletal physiology and osteoporotic bone loss, and highlights the need for future mechanistic studies to develop novel UPR therapeutics that mitigate adverse skeletal outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
| | - Douglas J Adams
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12800 E 19th Ave, Mailstop:8343, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Korff C, Atkinson E, Adaway M, Klunk A, Wek RC, Vashishth D, Wallace JM, Anderson-Baucum EK, Evans-Molina C, Robling AG, Bidwell JP. NMP4, an Arbiter of Bone Cell Secretory Capacity and Regulator of Skeletal Response to PTH Therapy. Calcif Tissue Int 2023; 113:110-125. [PMID: 37147466 PMCID: PMC10330242 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-023-01088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The skeleton is a secretory organ, and the goal of some osteoporosis therapies is to maximize bone matrix output. Nmp4 encodes a novel transcription factor that regulates bone cell secretion as part of its functional repertoire. Loss of Nmp4 enhances bone response to osteoanabolic therapy, in part, by increasing the production and delivery of bone matrix. Nmp4 shares traits with scaling factors, which are transcription factors that influence the expression of hundreds of genes to govern proteome allocation for establishing secretory cell infrastructure and capacity. Nmp4 is expressed in all tissues and while global loss of this gene leads to no overt baseline phenotype, deletion of Nmp4 has broad tissue effects in mice challenged with certain stressors. In addition to an enhanced response to osteoporosis therapies, Nmp4-deficient mice are less sensitive to high fat diet-induced weight gain and insulin resistance, exhibit a reduced disease severity in response to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and resist the development of some forms of rheumatoid arthritis. In this review, we present the current understanding of the mechanisms underlying Nmp4 regulation of the skeletal response to osteoanabolics, and we discuss how this unique gene contributes to the diverse phenotypes among different tissues and stresses. An emerging theme is that Nmp4 is important for the infrastructure and capacity of secretory cells that are critical for health and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Korff
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine (IUSM), Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Emily Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Michele Adaway
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Angela Klunk
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Deepak Vashishth
- Center for Biotechnology & Interdisciplinary Studies and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Emily K Anderson-Baucum
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Carmella Evans-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics and the Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disease and the Wells Center for Pediatric Research, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alexander G Robling
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Joseph P Bidwell
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, IUSM, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xin L, Wen Y, Song J, Chen T, Zhai Q. Bone regeneration strategies based on organelle homeostasis of mesenchymal stem cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1151691. [PMID: 37033227 PMCID: PMC10081449 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1151691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The organelle modulation has emerged as a crucial contributor to the organismal homeostasis. The mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), with their putative functions in maintaining the regeneration ability of adult tissues, have been identified as a major driver to underlie skeletal health. Bone is a structural and endocrine organ, in which the organelle regulation on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) function has most been discovered recently. Furthermore, potential treatments to control bone regeneration are developing using organelle-targeted techniques based on manipulating MSCs osteogenesis. In this review, we summarize the most current understanding of organelle regulation on MSCs in bone homeostasis, and to outline mechanistic insights as well as organelle-targeted approaches for accelerated bone regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liangjing Xin
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Yao Wen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jinlin Song
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
| | - Tao Chen
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
| | - Qiming Zhai
- College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory for Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Qiming Zhai, ; Tao Chen, ; Jinlin Song,
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Feng Y, Han Z, Jiang W, Shen H, Yu Y, Zhou N, Huang X. Promotion of osteogenesis in BMSC under hypoxia by ATF4 via the PERK-eIF2α signaling pathway. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2022; 58:886-897. [PMID: 36378269 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-022-00732-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mandibular distraction osteogenesis (MDO) is an endogenous tissue engineering technology in which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC) play a key role in MDO-related osteogenesis. Activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) is involved in osteogenesis through activation of PERK (Protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase) in endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) condition under hypoxia. However, the specific role of ATF4 in MDO with BMSC remains unknown. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of ATF4 in MDO with BMSC under hypoxia. Briefly, canine BMSCs were cultured in a hypoxic chamber, and effects of hypoxia were evaluated using cell migration assay and Alizarin Red S staining. Expression levels of protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α, ATF4, osteocalcin, and bone sialoprotein were evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. BMSCs were transduced with the ATF4-small interfering RNA lentivirus. The effects were evaluated using all the aforementioned experiments. The results showed that hypoxia promoted migration, osteoblast differentiation, and ATF4 expression in BMSC. ATF4 knockdown in BMSC significantly inhibited migration and osteoblast differentiation abilities, while hypoxia reversed these effects to some extent. In addition, the molecular mechanism partly depended on the ERS signaling pathway, with ATF4 as the key factor. In summary, we presented a novel mechanism of ATF4-mediated regulation of BMSC under hypoxia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Feng
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqi Han
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Jiang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Huijuan Shen
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yangyang Yu
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Nuo Zhou
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xuanping Huang
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangxi Medical University, 10 Shuangyong Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530021, People's Republic of China.
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation and Reconstruction, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Disease Treatment, Guangxi Clinical Research Center for Craniofacial Deformity, Nanning, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Turishcheva E, Vildanova M, Onishchenko G, Smirnova E. The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Differentiation of Cells of Mesenchymal Origin. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:916-931. [PMID: 36180988 PMCID: PMC9483250 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792209005x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional membrane-enclosed organelle. One of the major ER functions is cotranslational transport and processing of secretory, lysosomal, and transmembrane proteins. Impaired protein processing caused by disturbances in the ER homeostasis results in the ER stress. Restoration of normal ER functioning requires activation of an adaptive mechanism involving cell response to misfolded proteins, the so-called unfolded protein response (UPR). Besides controlling protein folding, UPR plays a key role in other physiological processes, in particular, differentiation of cells of connective, muscle, epithelial, and neural tissues. Cell differentiation is induced by the physiological levels of ER stress, while excessive ER stress suppresses differentiation and can result in cell death. So far, it remains unknown whether UPR activation induces cell differentiation or if UPR is initiated by the upregulated synthesis of secretory proteins during cell differentiation. Cell differentiation is an important stage in the development of multicellular organisms and is tightly controlled. Suppression or excessive activation of this process can lead to the development of various pathologies in an organism. In particular, impairments in the differentiation of connective tissue cells can result in the development of fibrosis, obesity, and osteoporosis. Recently, special attention has been paid to fibrosis as one of the major complications of COVID-19. Therefore, studying the role of UPR in the activation of cell differentiation is of both theoretical and practical interest, as it might result in the identification of molecular targets for selective regulation of cell differentiation stages and as well as the potential to modulate the mechanisms involved in the development of various pathological states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariya Vildanova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Galina Onishchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Elena Smirnova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jiang M, Li Z, Zhu G. The role of endoplasmic reticulum stress in the pathophysiology of periodontal disease. J Periodontal Res 2022; 57:915-932. [PMID: 35818935 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a principal organelle for folding, post-translational modifications and transport of secretory, luminal, and membrane proteins. ER stress is a condition induced by the accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins owing to a variety of physiological and pathological phenomena. To overcome the deleterious effects of ER stress, unfolded protein response (UPR) is initiated to translocate and remove the misfolded and accumulated proteins. Plenty of evidence shows the correlation between ER stress/UPR and the pathology of inflammatory disease. Periodontal disease is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the irreversible destruction of periodontal tissues, which associates with the onset and progress of several systemic diseases. Periodontopathic bacterium and pro-inflammatory mediators play a pivotal role in the progress of periodontal disease. Besides, cigarette smoke has long been associated with periodontal disease. As an inflammatory disorder of the periodontium, periodontal disease is highly related to ER stress. In this review, we provide an overview of the pathophysiological effect of ER stress on periodontal disease through five aspects as follow: ER stress and periodontal tissue remodeling, including both soft tissue and hard tissue; ER stress and the inflammation; ER stress and systematic effect during the periodontal disease; last but not least, ER stress and the autophagic apoptosis in cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Jiang
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhuoneng Li
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Wuhan, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guangxun Zhu
- Department of Stomatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
METTL3 mediates osteoblast apoptosis by regulating endoplasmic reticulum stress during LPS-induced inflammation. Cell Signal 2022; 95:110335. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
13
|
Li L, Wen Y, Jiang L, Zhu YQ. Endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway is involved in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells. Arch Oral Biol 2021; 133:105312. [PMID: 34808514 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE RNA-activated protein kinase-like ER-resident kinase (PERK) was a major transducer of Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and it directly phosphorylated α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α), which specifically promoted the translation of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), an important transcription factor in cells' differentiation. The purpose of this study was to establish whether ER stress mediated by PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was involved in odontoblastic differentiation of human dental pulp cells (DPCs). METHODS DPCs were isolated from extracted teeth and cultured in odontogenic medium. A recombinant lentiviral vector was constructed to transfect DPCs for PERK knockdown. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and Alizarin red S staining were used to characterize the odontoblastic differentiation. Real-time polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) were performed to analyze the genes' expressions in DPCs' odontoblastic differentiation. The mRNA and protein levels of ER stress markers were examined by RT-PCR and western blot. RESULTS DPCs cultured in odontogenic media showed increased ALP activity and mineralized nodule formation. Notably, treatment with differentiation medium resulted in the up-regulation of genes, such as osteocalcin (OCN), bone sialoprotein (BSP), dentin sialophosphoprotein (DSPP), splicing x-box binding protein-1 (sXBP1), ATF4 and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78). Meanwhile, the expressions of PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway proteins, phosphorylated PERK, phosphorylated eIF2α and ATF4, increased in odontoblastic induction cells compared with controls. Furthermore, inhibition of PERK (PERK knockdown) decreased ALP activity and matrix mineralization in DPCs accompanied by the decrease expression of phosphorylated eIF2α and ATF4. CONCLUSION These results suggested that PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was involved in the odontoblastic differentiation of DPCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Li
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yang Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Long Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ya-Qin Zhu
- Department of General Dentistry, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Pharmacological targeting of endoplasmic reticulum stress in disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2021; 21:115-140. [PMID: 34702991 DOI: 10.1038/s41573-021-00320-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leads to ER stress, resulting in activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR) that aims to restore protein homeostasis. However, the UPR also plays an important pathological role in many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cancer and neurological disorders. Over the last decade, significant effort has been invested in targeting signalling proteins involved in the UPR and an array of drug-like molecules is now available. However, these molecules have limitations, the understanding of which is crucial for their development into therapies. Here, we critically review the existing ER stress and UPR-directed drug-like molecules, highlighting both their value and their limitations.
Collapse
|
15
|
Jin D, Wek SA, Kudlapur NT, Cantara WA, Bakhtina M, Wek RC, Musier-Forsyth K. Disease-associated mutations in a bifunctional aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase gene elicit the integrated stress response. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101203. [PMID: 34537243 PMCID: PMC8511952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) catalyze the charging of specific amino acids onto cognate tRNAs, an essential process for protein synthesis. Mutations in ARSs are frequently associated with a variety of human diseases. The human EPRS1 gene encodes a bifunctional glutamyl-prolyl-tRNA synthetase (EPRS) with two catalytic cores and appended domains that contribute to nontranslational functions. In this study, we report compound heterozygous mutations in EPRS1, which lead to amino acid substitutions P14R and E205G in two patients with diabetes and bone diseases. While neither mutation affects tRNA binding or association of EPRS with the multisynthetase complex, E205G in the glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (ERS) region of EPRS is defective in amino acid activation and tRNAGlu charging. The P14R mutation induces a conformational change and altered tRNA charging kinetics in vitro. We propose that the altered catalytic activity and conformational changes in the EPRS variants sensitize patient cells to stress, triggering an increased integrated stress response (ISR) that diminishes cell viability. Indeed, patient-derived cells expressing the compound heterozygous EPRS show heightened induction of the ISR, suggestive of disruptions in protein homeostasis. These results have important implications for understanding ARS-associated human disease mechanisms and development of new therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danni Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Sheree A Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis Indiana, USA
| | - Nathan T Kudlapur
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - William A Cantara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Marina Bakhtina
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald C Wek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis Indiana, USA
| | - Karin Musier-Forsyth
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Center for RNA Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus Ohio, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
He Z, Lieu L, Dong Y, Afrin S, Chau D, Kabahizi A, Wallace B, Cao J, Hwang ES, Yao T, Huang Y, Okolo J, Cheng B, Gao Y, Hu L, Williams KW. PERK in POMC neurons connects celastrol with metabolism. JCI Insight 2021; 6:145306. [PMID: 34549728 PMCID: PMC8492333 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.145306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ER stress and activation of the unfolded protein response in the periphery as well as the central nervous system have been linked to various metabolic abnormalities. Chemically lowering protein kinase R–like ER kinase (PERK) activity within the hypothalamus leads to decreased food intake and body weight. However, the cell populations required in this response remain undefined. In the current study, we investigated the effects of proopiomelanocortin-specific (POMC-specific) PERK deficiency on energy balance and glucose metabolism. Male mice deficient for PERK in POMC neurons exhibited improvements in energy balance on a high-fat diet, showing decreased food intake and body weight, independent of changes in glucose and insulin tolerances. The plant-based inhibitor of PERK, celastrol, increases leptin sensitivity, resulting in decreased food intake and body weight in a murine model of diet-induced obesity (DIO). Our data extend these observations by demonstrating that celastrol-induced improvements in leptin sensitivity and energy balance were attenuated in mice with PERK deficiency in POMC neurons. Altogether, these data suggest that POMC-specific PERK deficiency in male mice confers protection against DIO, possibly providing a new therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyan He
- Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Linh Lieu
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Yanbin Dong
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Institute of Gastroenterology and.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sadia Afrin
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Dominic Chau
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Anita Kabahizi
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Briana Wallace
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jianhong Cao
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Eun-Sang Hwang
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Ting Yao
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Children's Discovery and Innovation Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Yiru Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jennifer Okolo
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Bo Cheng
- Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Gao
- Laboratory Department, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Shandong, China
| | - Ling Hu
- Institute of Gastroenterology and.,Science and Technology Innovation Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kevin W Williams
- Center for Hypothalamic Research, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Dallas, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
English AM, Green KM, Moon SL. A (dis)integrated stress response: Genetic diseases of eIF2α regulators. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2021; 13:e1689. [PMID: 34463036 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a conserved mechanism by which eukaryotic cells remodel gene expression to adapt to intrinsic and extrinsic stressors rapidly and reversibly. The ISR is initiated when stress-activated protein kinases phosphorylate the major translation initiation factor eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2ɑ (eIF2ɑ), which globally suppresses translation initiation activity and permits the selective translation of stress-induced genes including important transcription factors such as activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Translationally repressed messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and noncoding RNAs assemble into cytoplasmic RNA-protein granules and polyadenylated RNAs are concomitantly stabilized. Thus, regulated changes in mRNA translation, stability, and localization to RNA-protein granules contribute to the reprogramming of gene expression that defines the ISR. We discuss fundamental mechanisms of RNA regulation during the ISR and provide an overview of a growing class of genetic disorders associated with mutant alleles of key translation factors in the ISR pathway. This article is categorized under: RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Translation > Translation Regulation RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M English
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Katelyn M Green
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Stephanie L Moon
- Department of Human Genetics, Center for RNA Biomedicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Han C, Xie K, Yang C, Zhang F, Liang Q, Lan C, Chen J, Huang K, Liu J, Li K, Tang Y, Wang L. HA15 alleviates bone loss in ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis by targeting HSPA5. Exp Cell Res 2021; 406:112781. [PMID: 34400174 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The imbalance between osteogenesis and adipogenesis in the bone marrow is the main characteristic of osteoporosis (OP). Thus, exploring regulation of the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes is important to identify novel targets for the treatment of OP. In the present study, the master regulator of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 5 (HSPA5) was shown to significantly accumulate in osteoblasts and adipocytes, but not in osteoclasts in bone sections from aged and postmenopausal OP mice. In vitro study revealed that HSPA5 negatively modulated osteogenic differentiation and positively promoted adipogenic differentiation, and that targeting HSPA5 with its inhibitor HA15 enhanced osteogenic differentiation and inhibited adipogenic differentiation. Also, HA15 treatment induces ER stress and autophagy, and decreases apoptosis in cells. We constructed a postmenopausal OP model in mice with ovariectomy surgery, and treated the mice with HA15. The results showed that HA15 treatment induced appropriate ER stress, activated autophagy and decreased apoptosis in osteoblasts, thereby alleviating bone loss in vivo. Our results indicated that HSPA5 participated in OP pathogenesis by regulating the differentiation of BMSCs. HSPA5 may serve as a new target for the treatment of OP, and targeting HSPA5 with HA15 prevents the progression of OP and provides a candidate therapeutic molecule for postmenopausal OP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chao Han
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Kegong Xie
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Chengliang Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Qingyang Liang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Changgong Lan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Kai Li
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Bone and Joint Degeneration Diseases, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Yujin Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Affiliated Hospital of Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China; Youjiang Medical University for Nationalities, Baise, Guangxi, PR China.
| | - Liqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sidoli M, Reed CB, Scapin C, Paez P, Cavener DR, Kaufman RJ, D'Antonio M, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L. Calcineurin Activity Is Increased in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Demyelinating Neuropathy. J Neurosci 2021; 41:4536-4548. [PMID: 33879538 PMCID: PMC8152608 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2384-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schwann cells produce a considerable amount of lipids and proteins to form myelin in the PNS. For this reason, the quality control of myelin proteins is crucial to ensure proper myelin synthesis. Deletion of serine 63 from P0 (P0S63del) protein in myelin forming Schwann cells causes Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1B neuropathy in humans and mice. Misfolded P0S63del accumulates in the ER of Schwann cells where it elicits the unfolded protein response (UPR). PERK is the UPR transducer that attenuates global translation and reduces ER stress by phosphorylating the translation initiation factor eIF2alpha. Paradoxically, Perk ablation in P0S63del Schwann cells (S63del/PerkSCKO ) reduced the level of P-eIF2alpha, leaving UPR markers upregulated, yet unexpectedly improved S63del myelin defects in vivo We therefore investigated the hypothesis that PERK may interfere with signals outside of the UPR and specifically with calcineurin/NFATc4 pro-myelinating pathway. Using mouse genetics including females and males in our experimental setting, we show that PERK and calcineurin interact in P0S63del nerves and that calcineurin activity and NFATc4 nuclear localization are increased in S63del Schwann cells, without altering EGR2/KROX20 expression. Moreover, genetic manipulation of the calcineurin subunits appears to be either protective or toxic in S63del in a context-dependent manner, suggesting that Schwann cells are highly sensitive to alterations of calcineurin activity.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work shows a novel activity and function for calcineurin in Schwann cells in the context of ER stress. Schwann cells expressing the S63del mutation in P0 protein induce the unfolded protein response and upregulate calcineurin activity. Calcineurin interacts with the ER stress transducer PERK, but the relationship between the UPR and calcineurin in Schwann cells is unclear. Here we propose a protective role for calcineurin in S63del neuropathy, although Schwann cells appear to be very sensitive to its regulation. The paper uncovers a new important role for calcineurin in a demyelinating diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariapaola Sidoli
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Developmental Biology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
| | - Chelsey B Reed
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Cristina Scapin
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - Pablo Paez
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Department of Biology, Center for Cellular Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Randal J Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Maurizio D'Antonio
- Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, DIBIT, Milan 20132, Italy
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Biochemistry, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
- Department of Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Tang BM, Li ZW, Wang ZY. PERK activator CCT020312 prevents inflammation-mediated osteoporosis in the ovariectomized rats. Gynecol Endocrinol 2021; 37:342-348. [PMID: 33480297 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2021.1874904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the therapeutic effects of PERK activator CCT020312 (CCT) on inflammation-mediated osteoporosis (IMO) in ovariectomized rats. METHODS Rats were divided into Sham, IMO, IMO + 1 mg/kg CCT and IMO + 2 mg/kg CCT groups. IMO models were constructed by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) on 1st day followed by injection with magnesium silicate (Talc) on the 59th day. Sham rats did not undergo OVX surgery and were injected with saline instead of Talc. From 60th to 79th day, rats were treated with DMSO (vehicle control) in the Sham and IMO groups, and 1 or 2 mg/kg CCT020312 in treatment groups. Osteopontin (OPN), osteocalcin (OCN), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), and pro-inflammatory factors were measured on the 80th day. ProdigyDEXA was used to evaluate bone mineral density and content (BMD/BMC). Bone volume/total volume (BV/TV), connectivity density (Conn.D), trabecular number (Tb.N), and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) was assessed using 3D micro-CT scanner. RESULTS CCT up-regulated Conn.D, BV/TV, and Tb.N, but down-regulated Tb.Sp in IMO rats. Besides, the declined femoral BMD and BMC in IMO rats were elevated after CCT treatment. Besides, IMO rats represented declined OPN and OCN, as well as increased TRAP, CTX-I, and pro-inflammatory factors, whereas those in the treatment groups were ameliorated regarding these indexes, with 2 mg/kg CCT showing better effect. CONCLUSION PERK activator CCT020312 can be served as a new therapeutic option for the protection against bone loss in the OVX rat model associated with inflammation probably by manipulating inflammatory factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Ming Tang
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhao-Wei Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhuo-Ya Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Guo J, Ren R, Sun K, He J, Shao J. PERK signaling pathway in bone metabolism: Friend or foe? Cell Prolif 2021; 54:e13011. [PMID: 33615575 PMCID: PMC8016635 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoblasts and osteoclasts participate in the process of bone remodelling to meet the needs of normal growth and development or repair pathological damage. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ER stress) can break the intracellular homeostasis of osteoclasts and osteoblasts, which is closely related to abnormal bone remodelling. The double‐stranded RNA‐dependent protein kinase (PKR)‐like ER kinase (PERK) is a key transmembrane protein that regulates ER stress, and growing evidence suggests that the PERK pathway plays a crucial role in regulating bone metabolism under both physiological and pathological conditions. Based on the current findings, we summarized the main mechanisms involved in bone metabolism downstream of the PERK pathway, among which elF2α, FOXO1, CaN, Nrf2 and DAG play a role in regulating the differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Importantly, strategies by the regulation of PERK pathway exert beneficial effects in preclinical trials of several bone‐related diseases. Given the importance and novelty of PERK pathway, we provide an overview and discuss the roles of PERK pathway in regulating bone metabolism and its impact on bone‐related diseases. We hope that the development of research in this field will bring a bright future for the treatment of bone‐related diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiachao Guo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ranyue Ren
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kai Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinpeng He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingfan Shao
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chu HS, Peterson C, Jun A, Foster J. Targeting the integrated stress response in ophthalmology. Curr Eye Res 2021; 46:1075-1088. [PMID: 33474991 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1867748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To summarize the Integrated Stress Response (ISR) in the context of ophthalmology, with special interest on the cornea and anterior segment. Results: The ISR is a powerful and conserved signaling pathway that allows for cells to respond to a diverse array of both intracellular and extracellular stressors. The pathway is classically responsible for coordination of the cellular response to amino acid starvation, ultraviolet light, heme dysregulation, viral infection, and unfolded protein. Under normal circumstances, it is considered pro-survival and a necessary mechanism through which protein translation is controlled. However, in cases of severe or prolonged stress the pathway can promote apoptosis, and loss of normal cellular phenotype. The activation of this pathway culminates in the global inhibition of cap-dependent protein translation and the canonical expression of the activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4). Conclusion:The eye is uniquely exposed to ISR responsive stressors due to its environmental exposure and relative isolation from the circulatory system which are necessary for its function. We will discuss how this pathway is critical for the proper function of the tissue, its role in development, as well as how targeting of the pathway could alleviate key aspects of diverse ophthalmic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Sang Chu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cornelia Peterson
- Department of Molecular & Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Albert Jun
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James Foster
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
PERK controls bone homeostasis through the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:847. [PMID: 33051453 PMCID: PMC7554039 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclasts are multinucleated giant cells with the ability to degrade bone tissue, and are closely related to abnormal bone metabolic diseases. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle responsible for protein modification, quality control, and transportation. The accumulation of unfolded or misfolded proteins in ER cavity induces ER stress. Double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) is an ER stress-sensing protein, which is ubiquitous in eukaryotic cells. Systemic PERK knockout mice show severe bone loss, suggesting that PERK is of great significance for maintaining the normal growth and development of bone tissue, but the role of PERK in osteoclastogenesis is still unclear. In this study, we found that PERK was significantly activated during RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation; knockdown of PERK by siRNA and inhibition of PERK by GSK2606414, respectively, had significant negative regulatory effects on the formation and bone resorption of osteoclasts. PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 down-regulated the mRNA levels and protein expression of osteoclast differentiation marker genes, and inhibited RANKL-induced activation of Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathways. Treatment with PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 in ovariectomized mouse model significantly suppressed bone loss and osteoclast formation. Thapsigargin activated ER stress to enhance autophagy, while GSK2606414 had a significant inhibitory effect on autophagy flux and autophagosome formation. Antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) could inhibit the expression of PERK phosphorylation, osteoclast-related proteins and autophagy-related proteins, but the use of PERK activator CCT020312 can reverse inhibition effect of NAC. Our findings demonstrate a key role for PERK in osteoclast differentiation and suggest its therapeutic potential.
Collapse
|
24
|
Hu G, Yu Y, Tang YJ, Wu C, Long F, Karner CM. The Amino Acid Sensor Eif2ak4/GCN2 Is Required for Proliferation of Osteoblast Progenitors in Mice. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:2004-2014. [PMID: 32453500 PMCID: PMC7688563 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal stem/progenitor cells (SSPC) are critical regulators of bone homeostasis by providing a continuous supply of osteoblasts throughout life. In response to inductive signals, SSPC proliferate before osteoblast differentiation. Proliferation requires the duplication of all cellular components before cell division. This imposes a unique biosynthetic requirement for amino acids that can be used for biomass production. Thus, the ability to sense and respond to amino acid availability is likely a major determinant for proliferation. Using a cellular and genetic approach, we demonstrate the amino acid sensor GCN2 is required to support the robust proliferative capacity of SSPC during bone homeostasis. GCN2 ablation results in decreased postnatal bone mass due primarily to reduced osteoblast numbers. Decreased osteoblast numbers is likely attributed to reduced SSPC proliferation as loss of GCN2 specifically affected proliferation in cultured bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) without impacting osteoblast differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, GCN2 regulates proliferation by increasing amino acid uptake downstream of the transcriptional effector ATF4. Collectively, these data suggest amino acid sensing through the GCN2/ATF4 pathway is indispensable for robust SSPC proliferation necessary for bone homeostasis. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guoli Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yilin Yu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yuning J Tang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Colleen Wu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fanxin Long
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Translational Research Program in Pediatric Orthopaedics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Courtney M Karner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Dennis EP, Edwards SM, Jackson RM, Hartley CL, Tsompani D, Capulli M, Teti A, Boot-Handford RP, Young DA, Piróg KA, Briggs MD. CRELD2 Is a Novel LRP1 Chaperone That Regulates Noncanonical WNT Signaling in Skeletal Development. J Bone Miner Res 2020; 35:1452-1469. [PMID: 32181934 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cysteine-rich with epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains 2 (CRELD2) is an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-resident chaperone highly activated under ER stress in conditions such as chondrodysplasias; however, its role in healthy skeletal development is unknown. We show for the first time that cartilage-specific deletion of Creld2 results in disrupted endochondral ossification and short limbed dwarfism, whereas deletion of Creld2 in bone results in osteopenia, with a low bone density and altered trabecular architecture. Our study provides the first evidence that CRELD2 promotes the differentiation and maturation of skeletal cells by modulating noncanonical WNT4 signaling regulated by p38 MAPK. Furthermore, we show that CRELD2 is a novel chaperone for the receptor low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1), promoting its transport to the cell surface, and that LRP1 directly regulates WNT4 expression in chondrocytes through TGF-β1 signaling. Therefore, our data provide a novel link between an ER-resident chaperone and the essential WNT signaling pathways active during skeletal differentiation that could be applicable in other WNT-responsive tissues. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by American Society for Bone and Mineral Research..
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ella P Dennis
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Sarah M Edwards
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Robert M Jackson
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Claire L Hartley
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Dimitra Tsompani
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mattia Capulli
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Teti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | | | - David A Young
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Katarzyna A Piróg
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michael D Briggs
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Iyer S, Melendez-Suchi C, Han L, Baldini G, Almeida M, Jilka RL. Elevation of the unfolded protein response increases RANKL expression. FASEB Bioadv 2020; 2:207-218. [PMID: 32259048 PMCID: PMC7133738 DOI: 10.1096/fba.2019-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increased production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL is a common feature of pathologic bone loss, but the underlying cause of this increase is poorly understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Failure to resolve misfolding results in excess UPR signaling that stimulates cytokine production and cell death. We therefore investigated whether RANKL is one of the cytokines stimulated in response to elevated UPR in bone cells. Pharmacologic induction of UPR with tunicamycin (Tm)-stimulated RANKL expression in cultures of primary osteoblastic cells and in osteoblast and osteocyte cell lines. Pharmacologic inhibition of the UPR blunted Tm-induced RANKL production. Silencing Edem1 or Sel1l, proteins that aid in degradation of misfolded proteins, also induced UPR and increased RANKL mRNA. Moreover, Tm or hypoxia increased RANKL and bone resorption in cultures of neonatal murine calvaria. Administration of Tm to adult mice caused dilation of ER in osteoblasts and osteocytes, elevated the UPR, and increased RANKL expression and osteoclast number. These findings support the hypothesis that excessive UPR signaling stimulates the expression of RANKL by osteoblasts and osteocytes, and thereby facilitates excessive bone resorption and bone loss in pathologic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srividhya Iyer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | | | - Li Han
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Giulia Baldini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Maria Almeida
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
| | - Robert L Jilka
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism Center for Osteoporosis and Metabolic Bone Diseases University of Arkansas Medical Sciences Little Rock AR USA
- Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System Little Rock AR USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling contributes to osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:125-135. [PMID: 32124153 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09863-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) is a type I transmembrane protein located in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The PERK-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) pathway has been proved to be involved in osteoblast differentiation, but the involvement of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway in osteogenic differentiation of human periodontal ligament stem cells (hPDLSCs) has remained unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore the role of PERK in osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs and to assess whether PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 contributes to the process of osteogenic differentiation in hPDLSCs. In our study, we constructed PERK-overexpressed and PERK-silenced hPDLSCs by lentiviral transduction. Furthermore, lentivirus-transfected cells were induced to differentiate into osteoblast cells for different days. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and Alizarin Red staining were used to evaluate the mineralization capacity, and the expression levels of related genes-ATF4, ALP, bone sialoprotein, runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), and osteocalcin were measured to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation of hPDLSCs. The results showed that over-expression of PERK greatly increased ALP activity and the expression levels of related osteogenic genes, which displayed the strongest osteogenesis capacity. However, suppression of PERK caused decreased ALP activity and the weakest osteogenesis capacity, and the levels of ATF4 and p-eIF2α in PERK-silenced hPDLSCs were also decreased. Our results indicated that the PERK gene plays an important role in the differentiation of hPDLSCs to osteoblast-like cells. The PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway contributes to osteoblast differentiation of hPDLSCs.
Collapse
|
28
|
De Franco E, Caswell R, Johnson MB, Wakeling MN, Zung A, Dũng VC, Bích Ngọc CT, Goonetilleke R, Vivanco Jury M, El-Khateeb M, Ellard S, Flanagan SE, Ron D, Hattersley AT. De Novo Mutations in EIF2B1 Affecting eIF2 Signaling Cause Neonatal/Early-Onset Diabetes and Transient Hepatic Dysfunction. Diabetes 2020; 69:477-483. [PMID: 31882561 PMCID: PMC7100014 DOI: 10.2337/db19-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is caused by reduced β-cell number or impaired β-cell function. Understanding of the genetic basis of this disorder highlights fundamental β-cell mechanisms. We performed trio genome sequencing for 44 patients with PNDM and their unaffected parents to identify causative de novo variants. Replication studies were performed in 188 patients diagnosed with diabetes before 2 years of age without a genetic diagnosis. EIF2B1 (encoding the eIF2B complex α subunit) was the only gene with novel de novo variants (all missense) in at least three patients. Replication studies identified two further patients with de novo EIF2B1 variants. In addition to having diabetes, four of five patients had hepatitis-like episodes in childhood. The EIF2B1 de novo mutations were found to map to the same protein surface. We propose that these variants render the eIF2B complex insensitive to eIF2 phosphorylation, which occurs under stress conditions and triggers expression of stress response genes. Failure of eIF2B to sense eIF2 phosphorylation likely leads to unregulated unfolded protein response and cell death. Our results establish de novo EIF2B1 mutations as a novel cause of permanent diabetes and liver dysfunction. These findings confirm the importance of cell stress regulation for β-cells and highlight EIF2B1's fundamental role within this pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K.
| | - Richard Caswell
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Matthew N Wakeling
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Amnon Zung
- Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Kaplan Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vũ Chí Dũng
- Vietnam National Children's Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | | | | | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| | - David Ron
- Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, U.K
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Salpea P, Cosentino C, Igoillo-Esteve M. A Review of Mouse Models of Monogenic Diabetes and ER Stress Signaling. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2128:55-67. [PMID: 32180185 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0385-7_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a major public health problem: it is estimated that 420 million people are affected globally. Monogenic forms of diabetes are less common, but variants in monogenic diabetes genes have been shown to contribute to type 2 diabetes risk. In vitro and in vivo models of monogenic forms of diabetes related to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response provided compelling evidence on the role of ER stress and dysregulated ER stress signaling on β cell demise in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. In this chapter, we describe the genetics, background, and phenotype of ER stress-related monogenic diabetes mouse models, and we comment on their advantages and disadvantages. We conclude that these mouse models are very useful tools for monogenic diabetes molecular pathogenesis studies, although there is a variability on the methodology that is used. Regarding the use of these models for therapeutic testing of ER stress modulators, a specific consideration should be given to the fact that they recapitulate some, but not all, the phenotypic characteristics of the human disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Karagöz GE, Acosta-Alvear D, Walter P. The Unfolded Protein Response: Detecting and Responding to Fluctuations in the Protein-Folding Capacity of the Endoplasmic Reticulum. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2019; 11:cshperspect.a033886. [PMID: 30670466 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most of the secreted and plasma membrane proteins are synthesized on membrane-bound ribosomes on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They require engagement of ER-resident chaperones and foldases that assist in their folding and maturation. Since protein homeostasis in the ER is crucial for cellular function, the protein-folding status in the organelle's lumen is continually surveyed by a network of signaling pathways, collectively called the unfolded protein response (UPR). Protein-folding imbalances, or "ER stress," are detected by highly conserved sensors that adjust the ER's protein-folding capacity according to the physiological needs of the cell. We review recent developments in the field that have provided new insights into the ER stress-sensing mechanisms used by UPR sensors and the mechanisms by which they integrate various cellular inputs to adjust the folding capacity of the organelle to accommodate to fluctuations in ER protein-folding demands.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Elif Karagöz
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| | - Diego Acosta-Alvear
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California 93106
| | - Peter Walter
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Tavasolian F, Hosseini AZ, Mirzaei A, Abdollahi E, Jandaghi P, Soudi S, Naderi M, Saburi E, Momtazi-Borojeni AA, Johnston TP, Sahebkar A. Unfolded protein response-mediated modulation of mesenchymal stem cells. IUBMB Life 2019; 72:187-197. [PMID: 31444957 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) receives unfolded proteins predestined for the secretory pathway or to be incorporated as transmembrane proteins. The ER has to accommodate the proper folding and glycosylation of these proteins and also to properly incorporate transmembrane proteins. However, under various circumstances, the proteins shuttling through the ER can be misfolded and undergo aggregation, which causes activation of the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is mediated through three primary pathways: activating transcription factor-6, inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1), and PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, which up-regulate ER folding chaperones and temporarily suppress protein translation. The UPR can be both cytoprotective and/or cytotoxic depending on the duration of UPR activation and the type of host cell. Proteostasis controls stem cell function, while stress responses affect stem cell identity and differentiation. The present review aimed to explore and discuss the effects of the UPR pathways on mesenchymal stem cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fataneh Tavasolian
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ahmad Z Hosseini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Mirzaei
- Cellular & Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Elham Abdollahi
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Immunology and Allergy, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Sara Soudi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmood Naderi
- Cell-Based Therapies Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Saburi
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Hasan Hospital, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.,Immunogenetic and Cell Culture Department, Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi-Borojeni
- Halal Research Center of IRI, FDA, Tehran, Iran.,Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Thomas P Johnston
- Division of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Science, School of Pharmacy, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Endoplasmic reticulum stress regulates mechanical stress-induced ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament. EUROPEAN SPINE JOURNAL : OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE EUROPEAN SPINE SOCIETY, THE EUROPEAN SPINAL DEFORMITY SOCIETY, AND THE EUROPEAN SECTION OF THE CERVICAL SPINE RESEARCH SOCIETY 2019; 28:2249-2256. [PMID: 31325051 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-019-06074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The pathogenesis of ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is not completely clear. Previous study has confirmed a single-pass type I endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane protein kinase (PERK), which is a major transducer of the ER stress, participates in the process of OPLL in vitro. This study aimed to demonstrate the role of ER stress in mechanical stress (MS)-induced OPLL. METHODS The posterior longitudinal ligaments were collected intraoperatively. The expression of ER stress markers in ligament tissue samples was compared between OPLL and non-OPLL patients in vivo. Ligament fibroblasts were isolated and cultured. Loaded by MS, the expression of ER stress markers in fibroblasts deriving from non-ossified areas of the ligament tissues from OPLL patients was detected. The influence of inhibition of ER stress on MS-induced OPLL and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways by MS was also investigated. RESULTS We confirmed the ER stress markers were highly expressed in non-ossified areas of the ligament tissues from OPLL patients but could barely be detected in the ligaments from non-OPLL patients in vivo. We also found ER stress could be activated by MS during the process of OPLL in vitro. Moreover, inhibition of ER stress could hinder MS-induced OPLL and activation of MAPK signaling pathways by MS in vitro. CONCLUSION Activated ER stress was observed in OPLL patients both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanical stress could activate ER stress response in posterior longitudinal ligament fibroblasts and further promote OPLL in vitro. In this process, ER stress might work through the MAPK signaling pathways. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
Collapse
|
33
|
Aryal YP, Neupane S, Adhikari N, An C, Ha J, Kwon T, Yamamoto H, Jung J, Park E, Kim J, Cho S, Sohn W, Lee Y, Chae H, Kim H, Kim J. An endoplasmic reticulum stress regulator,
Tmbim6
, modulates secretory stage of mice molar. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:20354-20365. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yam Prasad Aryal
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Nirpesh Adhikari
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Chang‐Hyeon An
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Jung‐Hong Ha
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Tae‐Yub Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Hitoshi Yamamoto
- Department of Histology and Developmental Biology Tokyo Dental College Tokyo Japan
| | - Jae‐Kwang Jung
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Eui‐Kyun Park
- Department of Oral Pathology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Ji‐Youn Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene Gachon University Incheon Korea
| | - Sung‐Won Cho
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology Yonsei University College of Dentistry Seoul Korea
| | - Wern‐Joo Sohn
- Pre‐Major of Cosmetics and Pharmaceutics Daegu Haany University Gyeongsan Korea
| | - Youngkyun Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| | - Han‐Jung Chae
- Department of Pharmacology and New Drug Development Institute Chonbuk National University Jeonju Korea
| | - Hyung‐Ryong Kim
- Institute of Tissue Regeneration Engineering (ITREN) Dankook University Cheonan Korea
| | - Jae‐Young Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, IHBR Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Wu CT, Chen YW, Su YH, Chiu CY, Guan SS, Yang RS, Liu SH. Gender difference of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein homologous protein deficiency in susceptibility to osteopenia. J Orthop Res 2019; 37:942-947. [PMID: 30835896 DOI: 10.1002/jor.24264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Expression of CCAAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein (CHOP) is induced during endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, which is related to apoptosis in several cell types. CHOP null mice have been exhibited to decrease bone formation. However, a study of transgenic mice overexpressing CHOP in the bone microenvironment showed that CHOP overexpression impairs the osteoblastic function leading to osteopenia. The regulatory role of CHOP in bone formation is controversial and still remains to be clarified. Here, we investigated the alterations in bone microstructure of CHOP knockout (Chop-/- ) mice and tested the gender difference of CHOP deficiency in susceptibility to osteopenia. Adult female and male mice (WT) and Chop-/- mice were used. The microcomputed tomography (µCT) analysis in trabecular bone and cortical bone of tibia was determined. Trabecular bone volume fraction (BV/TV), trabecular number, and bone mineral density (BMD) in tibia are markedly decreased in both male and female Chop-/- mice compared to the control WT mice. Unexpectedly, the BMD and BV/TV in trabecular bone of tibia in female Chop-/- mice were significantly lower than in male Chop-/- mice. The similar results could also be observed in the cortical bone of tibia in Chop-/- mice. This gender difference was also observed in the decreased capacity of osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow cells isolated from Chop-/- mice. These results indicated that ER stress-related CHOP signaling might play an important role in the bone formation in a mouse model, especially in females. There is the gender difference of CHOP deficiency in susceptibility to osteopenia. © 2019 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Tien Wu
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Wen Chen
- Department of Physiology and Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hao Su
- Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yuan Chiu
- Institute of Food Safety and Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Siao-Syun Guan
- Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Seg Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hwa Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, No.1, Jen-Ai Road, Section 1, Taipei 10051, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Zhang K, Wang M, Li Y, Li C, Tang S, Qu X, Feng N, Wu Y. The PERK-EIF2α-ATF4 signaling branch regulates osteoblast differentiation and proliferation by PTH. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2019; 316:E590-E604. [PMID: 30668150 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00371.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its related peptide (PTH-related peptide 1-34) are two of the Food and Drug Administration-approved bone-promoting drugs for age-related osteoporosis. Treatment with PTH stimulates bone formation. However, the molecular mechanisms of PTH-mediated osteoblast differentiation and cell proliferation are still not completely understood. In this study, we showed that PTH induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in osteoblasts through the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (EIF2α)-activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4)-signaling pathway. After separately blocking PERK-EIF2α-ATF4 signaling with two different inhibitors [AMG'44 and integrated stress response inhibitor (ISRIB)] or specific small interfering RNA for PERK and ATF4, the following targets were all downregulated: expression of osteoblast differentiation markers [runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), alkaline phosphatase (Alp), type I collagen (Col1a1), and osteocalcin (Ocn)], cell proliferation markers (CyclinE, CyclinD, and CDC2), amino acid import (Glyt1), and metabolism-related genes (Asns). Additionally, Alp-positive staining cells, Alp activity, matrix mineralization, Ocn secretion, and cell proliferation indexes were inhibited. Interestingly, we found that salubrinal enhanced PTH-induced osteoblast differentiation and proliferation by maintenance of phosphorylation of EIF2α. Furthermore, we observed that PTH increased the association between heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) and PERK and maintained PERK protein stabilization in the early stages of PTH-induced ER stress. Treatment of MC3T3-E1 cells with geldanamycin, an HSP90 inhibitor, decreased PERK protein expression and inhibited osteoblast differentiation and cell proliferation upon PTH treatment. Taken together, our data demonstrate that PTH regulates osteoblast differentiation and cell proliferation, partly by activating the HSP90-dependent PERK-EIF2α-ATF4 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Zhang
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| | - Yingjiang Li
- The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunping Li
- Department of Occupational Health, Wuxi Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| | - Shaidi Tang
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| | - Xiuxia Qu
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| | - Ninghan Feng
- The Affiliated Wuxi No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Lab of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
- Public Health Research Center, Jiangnan University , Wuxi, Jiangsu , China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ufbp1 promotes plasma cell development and ER expansion by modulating distinct branches of UPR. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1084. [PMID: 30842412 PMCID: PMC6403283 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-08908-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The IRE1α/XBP1 branch of unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway has a critical function in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) expansion in plasma cells via unknown mechanisms; interestingly, another UPR branch, PERK, is suppressed during plasma cell development. Here we show that Ufbp1, a target and cofactor of the ufmylation pathway, promotes plasma cell development by suppressing the activation of PERK. By contrast, the IRE1α/XBP1 axis upregulates the expression of Ufbp1 and ufmylation pathway genes in plasma cells, while Ufbp1 deficiency impairs ER expansion in plasma cells and retards immunoglobulin production. Structure and function analysis suggests that lysine 267 of Ufbp1, the main lysine in Ufbp1 that undergoes ufmylation, is dispensable for the development of plasmablasts, but is required for immunoglobulin production and stimulation of ER expansion in IRE1α-deficient plasmablasts. Thus, Ufbp1 distinctly regulates different branches of UPR pathway to promote plasma cell development and function. IRE1 and PERK, both important mediators of the unfold protein response pathway, are differentially regulated during plasma cell differentiation. Here the authors show that an ufmylation target, Ufbp1, suppresses PERK to stimulate plasma cell development and is induced by the IRE1/XBP1 pathway to promote ER expansion .
Collapse
|
37
|
Américo-Da-Silva L, Diaz J, Bustamante M, Mancilla G, Oyarzún I, Verdejo HE, Quiroga C. A new role for HERPUD1 and ERAD activation in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization. FASEB J 2018; 32:4681-4695. [PMID: 29570393 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201701229rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone integrity depends on a finely tuned balance between bone synthesis by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. The secretion capacity of mature osteoblasts requires strict control of proteostasis. Endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) prevents the accumulation of unfolded ER proteins via dislocation to the cytosol and degradation by the proteasome. The ER membrane protein, homocysteine-inducible endoplasmic reticulum protein with ubiquitin-like domain 1 (HERPUD1), is a key component of the ERAD multiprotein complex which helps to stabilize the complex and facilitate the efficient degradation of unfolded proteins. HERPUD1 expression is strongly up-regulated by the unfolded protein response and cellular stress. The aim of the current study was to establish whether HERPUD1 and ERAD play roles in osteoblast differentiation and maturation. We evaluated preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell and primary rat osteoblast differentiation by measuring calcium deposit levels, alkaline phosphatase activity, and runt-related transcription factor 2 and osterix expression. We found that ERAD and proteasomal degradation were activated and that HERPUD1 expression was increased as osteoblast differentiation progressed. The absence of HERPUD1 blocked osteoblast mineralization in vitro and significantly reduced alkaline phosphatase activity. In contrast, HERPUD1 overexpression activated the osteoblast differentiation program. Our results demonstrate that HERPUD1 and ERAD are important for the activation of the osteoblast maturation program and may be useful new targets for elucidating bone physiology.-Américo-Da-Silva, L., Diaz, J., Bustamante, M., Mancilla, G., Oyarzún, I., Verdejo, H. E., Quiroga, C. A new role for HERPUD1 and ERAD activation in osteoblast differentiation and mineralization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luan Américo-Da-Silva
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jheimmy Diaz
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mario Bustamante
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Georthan Mancilla
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ingrid Oyarzún
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Hugo E Verdejo
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Clara Quiroga
- División de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Advanced Center for Chronic Diseases, Universidad de Chile and Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sowers CR, Wang R, Bourne RA, McGrath BC, Hu J, Bevilacqua SC, Paton JC, Paton AW, Collardeau-Frachon S, Nicolino M, Cavener DR. The protein kinase PERK/EIF2AK3 regulates proinsulin processing not via protein synthesis but by controlling endoplasmic reticulum chaperones. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:5134-5149. [PMID: 29444822 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.813790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations of the protein kinase PERK (EIF2AK3) in humans and mice cause permanent neonatal diabetes and severe proinsulin aggregation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), highlighting the essential role of PERK in insulin production in pancreatic β cells. As PERK is generally known as a translational regulator of the unfolded protein response (UPR), the underlying cause of these β cell defects has often been attributed to derepression of proinsulin synthesis, resulting in proinsulin overload in the ER. Using high-resolution imaging and standard protein fractionation and immunological methods we have examined the PERK-dependent phenotype more closely. We found that whereas proinsulin aggregation requires new protein synthesis, global protein and proinsulin synthesis are down-regulated in PERK-inhibited cells, strongly arguing against proinsulin overproduction being the root cause of their aberrant ER phenotype. Furthermore, we show that PERK regulates proinsulin proteostasis by modulating ER chaperones, including BiP and ERp72. Transgenic overexpression of BiP and BiP knockdown (KD) both promoted proinsulin aggregation, whereas ERp72 overexpression and knockdown rescued it. These findings underscore the importance of ER chaperones working in concert to achieve control of insulin production and identify a role for PERK in maintaining a functional balance among these chaperones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carrie R Sowers
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Rong Wang
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Rebecca A Bourne
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Barbara C McGrath
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Jingjie Hu
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - Sarah C Bevilacqua
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
| | - James C Paton
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Adrienne W Paton
- the Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, Australia
| | - Sophie Collardeau-Frachon
- the Department of Pathology, Hôpital-Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon I and CarMeN, INSERM Unit U1060, 69677 Bron, France, and
| | - Marc Nicolino
- the Service d'endocrinologie et de diabétologie pédiatriques et maladies héréditaires du métabolisme, Hôpital Femme-Mère-Enfant, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69677 Bron, France
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- From the Department of Biology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
PERK-mediated translational control is required for collagen secretion in chondrocytes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:773. [PMID: 29335505 PMCID: PMC5768675 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19052-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
As chondrocytes are highly secretory and they experience a variety of stresses, physiological unfolded protein response (UPR) signalling is essential for extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion and chondrogenesis. In the three branches of the UPR pathway, PERK governs the translational attenuation and transcriptional upregulation of amino acid and redox metabolism and induction of apoptosis. It was previously demonstrated that a defect of the PERK branch of the UPR signalling pathway causes the accumulation of unfolded proteins, leading to cell death without perturbing endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-to-Golgi transport in pancreatic β cells. However, little is known about the role of PERK in chondrocytes. In this study, we found that PERK signalling is activated in chondrocytes, and inhibition of PERK reduces collagen secretion despite causing excessive collagen synthesis in the ER. Perk−/− mice displayed reduced collagen in articular cartilage but no differences in chondrocyte proliferation or apoptosis compared to the findings in wild-type mice. PERK inhibition increases misfolded protein levels in the ER, which largely hinder ER-to-Golgi transport. These results suggest that the translational control mediated by PERK is a critical determinant of ECM secretion in chondrocytes.
Collapse
|
40
|
Cancer-specific PERK signaling drives invasion and metastasis through CREB3L1. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1079. [PMID: 29057869 PMCID: PMC5651903 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01052-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PERK signaling is required for cancer invasion and there is interest in targeting this pathway for therapy. Unfortunately, chemical inhibitors of PERK's kinase activity cause on-target side effects that have precluded their further development. One strategy for resolving this difficulty would be to target downstream components of the pathway that specifically mediate PERK's pro-invasive and metastatic functions. Here we identify the transcription factor CREB3L1 as an essential mediator of PERK's pro-metastatic functions in breast cancer. CREB3L1 acts downstream of PERK, specifically in the mesenchymal subtype of triple-negative tumors, and its inhibition by genetic or pharmacological methods suppresses cancer cell invasion and metastasis. In patients with this tumor subtype, CREB3L1 expression is predictive of distant metastasis. These findings establish CREB3L1 as a key downstream mediator of PERK-driven metastasis and a druggable target for breast cancer therapy.
Collapse
|
41
|
Cnop M, Toivonen S, Igoillo-Esteve M, Salpea P. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and eIF2α phosphorylation: The Achilles heel of pancreatic β cells. Mol Metab 2017; 6:1024-1039. [PMID: 28951826 PMCID: PMC5605732 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2017.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pancreatic β cell dysfunction and death are central in the pathogenesis of most if not all forms of diabetes. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying β cell failure is important to develop β cell protective approaches. SCOPE OF REVIEW Here we review the role of endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysregulated endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling in β cell failure in monogenic and polygenic forms of diabetes. There is substantial evidence for the presence of endoplasmic reticulum stress in β cells in type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Direct evidence for the importance of this stress response is provided by an increasing number of monogenic forms of diabetes. In particular, mutations in the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response provide insight into its importance for human β cell function and survival. The knowledge gained from different rodent models is reviewed. More disease- and patient-relevant models, using human induced pluripotent stem cells differentiated into β cells, will further advance our understanding of pathogenic mechanisms. Finally, we review the therapeutic modulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and signaling in β cells. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Pancreatic β cells are sensitive to excessive endoplasmic reticulum stress and dysregulated eIF2α phosphorylation, as indicated by transcriptome data, monogenic forms of diabetes and pharmacological studies. This should be taken into consideration when devising new therapeutic approaches for diabetes.
Collapse
Key Words
- ATF, activating transcription factor
- CHOP, C/EBP homologous protein
- CRISPR, clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
- CReP, constitutive repressor of eIF2α phosphorylation
- Diabetes
- ER, endoplasmic reticulum
- ERAD, ER-associated degradation
- Endoplasmic reticulum stress
- GCN2, general control non-derepressible-2
- GIP, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide
- GLP-1, glucagon-like peptide 1
- GWAS, genome-wide association study
- HNF1A, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1-α
- HRI, heme-regulated inhibitor kinase
- IAPP, islet amyloid polypeptide
- IER3IP1, immediate early response-3 interacting protein-1
- IRE1, inositol-requiring protein-1
- ISR, integrated stress response
- Insulin
- Islet
- MEHMO, mental retardation, epilepsy, hypogonadism and -genitalism, microcephaly and obesity
- MODY, maturity-onset diabetes of the young
- NRF2, nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2
- PBA, 4-phenyl butyric acid
- PERK, PKR-like ER kinase
- PKR, protein kinase RNA
- PP1, protein phosphatase 1
- PPA, phenylpropenoic acid glucoside
- Pancreatic β cell
- Pdx1, pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1
- RIDD, regulated IRE1-dependent decay
- RyR2, type 2 ryanodine receptor/Ca2+ release channel
- SERCA, sarcoendoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase
- TUDCA, taurine-conjugated ursodeoxycholic acid derivative
- UPR, unfolded protein response
- WFS, Wolfram syndrome
- XBP1, X-box binding protein 1
- eIF2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2
- eIF2α
- hESC, human embryonic stem cell
- hPSC, human pluripotent stem cell
- hiPSC, human induced pluripotent stem cell
- uORF, upstream open reading frame
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Cnop
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
- Division of Endocrinology, Erasmus Hospital, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sanna Toivonen
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mariana Igoillo-Esteve
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paraskevi Salpea
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Chan WCW, Tsang KY, Cheng YW, Ng VCW, Chik H, Tan ZJ, Boot-Handford R, Boyde A, Cheung KMC, Cheah KSE, Chan D. Activating the unfolded protein response in osteocytes causes hyperostosis consistent with craniodiaphyseal dysplasia. Hum Mol Genet 2017; 26:4572-4587. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
|
43
|
Ablation of Perk in Schwann Cells Improves Myelination in the S63del Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B Mouse. J Neurosci 2017; 36:11350-11361. [PMID: 27807175 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1637-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In factory cells, the accumulation of misfolded protein provokes the unfolded protein response (UPR). For example, deletion of serine 63 (S63del) in myelin protein zero (P0) induces P0 accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of Schwann cells and a persistent UPR associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B (CMT1B) demyelinating peripheral neuropathy in human and mouse. PERK (protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase) is the ER stress sensor that attenuates global translation by phosphorylating eIF2α. Inhibition of the eIF2α holophosphatase GADD34:PP1, increases the phosphorylation of eIF2α in Schwann cells and largely rescues S63del neuropathy. Nonetheless, reducing phosphorylation of eIF2α, by Perk haploinsufficiency, also ameliorates the myelin defects of S63del nerves. This contradictory finding prompted us to investigate whether the beneficial effect of Perk deficiency on myelination could derive from neurons. To test this hypothesis, we generated and compared Schwann cell- and neuron-specific ablation of Perk in S63del nerves. Our data suggest that the detrimental effect of Perk in CMT1B derives primarily from Schwann cells. Furthermore, we show that Perk loss of function in Schwann cells restores myelination without diminishing accumulation of P0 or markers of ER stress, suggesting that Perk may modulate myelination through a pathway independent of the UPR. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT In many endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related disorders, activation of the unfolded protein sensor protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase (PERK) kinase is beneficial. Nonetheless, in Charcot-Marie-Tooth 1B neuropathy mice, we show that activation of PERK in Schwann cells, but not in neurons, is detrimental for myelination. PERK may interfere with myelination, independent of its role in ER stress.
Collapse
|
44
|
Shi M, Song W, Han T, Chang B, Li G, Jin J, Zhang Y. Role of the unfolded protein response in topography-induced osteogenic differentiation in rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Acta Biomater 2017; 54:175-185. [PMID: 28315494 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The topography of biomaterials can significantly influence the osteogenic differentiation of cells. Understanding topographical signal transduction is critical for developing biofunctional surfaces, but the current knowledge is insufficient. Recently, numerous reports have suggested that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and osteogenic differentiation are inter-linked. Therefore, we hypothesize that the UPR pathway may be involved in the topography-induced osteogenesis. In the present study, different surface topographies were fabricated on pure titanium foils and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and UPR pathway were systematically investigated. We found that ER stress and the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway were activated in a time- and topography-dependent manner. Additionally, the activation of the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway by different topographies was in line with their osteogenic induction capability. More specifically, the osteogenic differentiation could be enhanced or weakened when the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway was promoted or inhibited, respectively. Furthermore, tuning of the degree of ER stress with different concentrations of thapsigargin revealed that mild ER stress promotes osteogenic differentiation, whereas excessive ER stress inhibits osteogenic differentiation and causes apoptosis. Taken together, our findings suggest that the UPR may play a critical role in topography-induced osteogenic differentiation, which may help to provide new insights into topographical signal transduction. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Suitable implant surface topography can effectively improve bioactivity and eventual bone affinity. However, the mechanism of topographical signaling transduction is unclear and criteria for designation of an appropriate implant surface topography is lacking. This study shows that the ER stress and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 pathway were activated by micro- and micro/nano-topographies, which is corresponding to the osteogenic induction abilities of these topographies. Furthermore, we have found that mild ER stress improves osteogenic differentiation, whereas excessive ER stress inhibits osteogenic differentiation and causes apoptosis. Our findings demonstrate that the UPR plays a critical role in the topography induced osteogenic differentiation, which may help to provide new insights into the topographical signaling transduction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Wen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Tianxiao Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, PR China
| | - Bei Chang
- PLA Rocket Force General Hospital, Beijing 100088, PR China
| | - Guangwen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Jianfeng Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China
| | - Yumei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, Department of Prosthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Shanahan CM, Furmanik M. Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells: A Novel Regulator of Vascular Disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 2017; 13:94-105. [PMID: 27758694 PMCID: PMC5440785 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666161014094738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 09/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease continues to be the leading cause of death in industrialised societies. The idea that the arterial smooth muscle cell (ASMC) plays a key role in regulating many vascular pathologies has been gaining importance, as has the realisation that not enough is known about the pathological cellular mechanisms regulating ASMC function in vascular remodelling. In the past decade endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been recognised as a stress response underlying many physiological and pathological processes in various vascular cell types. Here we summarise what is known about how ER stress signalling regulates phenotypic switching, trans/dedifferentiation and apoptosis of ASMCs and contributes to atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysms and vascular calcification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Shanahan
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| | - Malgorzata Furmanik
- British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, James Black Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London, SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Bmp Induces Osteoblast Differentiation through both Smad4 and mTORC1 Signaling. Mol Cell Biol 2017; 37:MCB.00253-16. [PMID: 27920253 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00253-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The bone morphogenetic protein (Bmp) family of secreted molecules has been extensively studied in the context of osteoblast differentiation. However, the intracellular signaling cascades that mediate the osteoblastogenic function of Bmp have not been fully elucidated. By profiling mRNA expression in the bone marrow mesenchymal progenitor cell line ST2, we discover that BMP2 induces not only genes commonly associated with ossification and mineralization but also genes important for general protein synthesis. We define the two groups of genes as mineralization related versus protein anabolism signatures of osteoblasts. Although it induces the expression of several Wnt genes, BMP2 activates the osteogenic program largely independently of de novo Wnt secretion. Remarkably, although Smad4 is necessary for the activation of the mineralization-related genes, it is dispensable for BMP2 to induce the protein anabolism signature, which instead critically depends on the transcription factor Atf4. Upstream of Atf4, BMP2 activates mTORC1 to stimulate protein synthesis, resulting in an endoplasmic reticulum stress response mediated by Perk. Thus, Bmp signaling induces osteoblast differentiation through both Smad4- and mTORC1-dependent mechanisms.
Collapse
|
47
|
Zhu S, Henninger K, McGrath BC, Cavener DR. PERK Regulates Working Memory and Protein Synthesis-Dependent Memory Flexibility. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162766. [PMID: 27627766 PMCID: PMC5023101 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PERK (EIF2AK3) is an ER-resident eIF2α kinase required for memory flexibility and metabotropic glutamate receptor-dependent long-term depression, processes known to be dependent on new protein synthesis. Here we investigated PERK’s role in working memory, a cognitive ability that is independent of new protein synthesis, but instead is dependent on cellular Ca2+ dynamics. We found that working memory is impaired in forebrain-specific Perk knockout and pharmacologically PERK-inhibited mice. Moreover, inhibition of PERK in wild-type mice mimics the fear extinction impairment observed in forebrain-specific Perk knockout mice. Our findings reveal a novel role of PERK in cognitive functions and suggest that PERK regulates both Ca2+ -dependent working memory and protein synthesis-dependent memory flexibility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siying Zhu
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Keely Henninger
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Barbara C McGrath
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Douglas R Cavener
- Department of Biology, Center of Cellular Dynamics, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Horiuchi K, Tohmonda T, Morioka H. The unfolded protein response in skeletal development and homeostasis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2016; 73:2851-69. [PMID: 27002737 PMCID: PMC11108572 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Osteoblasts and chondrocytes produce a large number of extracellular matrix proteins to generate and maintain the skeletal system. To cope with their functions as secretory cells, these cells must acquire a considerable capacity for protein synthesis and also the machinery for the quality-control and transport of newly synthesized secreted proteins. The unfolded protein response (UPR) plays a crucial role during the differentiation of these cells to achieve this goal. Unexpectedly, however, studies in the past several years have revealed that the UPR has more extensive functions in skeletal development than was initially assumed, and the UPR critically orchestrates many facets of skeletal development and homeostasis. This review focuses on recent findings on the functions of the UPR in the differentiation of osteoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoclasts. These findings may have a substantial impact on our understanding of bone metabolism and also on establishing treatments for congenital and acquired skeletal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Horiuchi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
- Department of Anti-aging Orthopedic Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan.
| | - Takahide Tohmonda
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
- Department of Anti-aging Orthopedic Research, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Hideo Morioka
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lindahl M, Saarma M, Lindholm P. Unconventional neurotrophic factors CDNF and MANF: Structure, physiological functions and therapeutic potential. Neurobiol Dis 2016; 97:90-102. [PMID: 27425895 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) promote the survival of midbrain dopaminergic neurons which degenerate in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, CDNF and MANF are structurally and functionally clearly distinct from the classical, target-derived neurotrophic factors (NTFs) that are solely secreted proteins. In cells, CDNF and MANF localize in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and evidence suggests that MANF, and possibly CDNF, is important for the maintenance of ER homeostasis. MANF expression is particularly high in secretory tissues with extensive protein production and thus a high ER protein folding load. Deletion of MANF in mice results in a diabetic phenotype and the activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in the pancreatic islets. However, information about the intracellular and extracellular mechanisms of MANF and CDNF action is still limited. Here we will discuss the structural motifs and physiological functions of CDNF and MANF as well as their therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases and diabetes. Currently available knockout models of MANF and CDNF in mice, zebrafish and fruit fly will increase information about the biology of these interesting proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lindahl
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O.Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mart Saarma
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O.Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Lindholm
- Institute of Biotechnology, P.O.Box 56, Viikinkaari 5, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Young SK, Shao Y, Bidwell JP, Wek RC. Nuclear Matrix Protein 4 Is a Novel Regulator of Ribosome Biogenesis and Controls the Unfolded Protein Response via Repression of Gadd34 Expression. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13780-8. [PMID: 27129771 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.729830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) maintains protein homeostasis by governing the processing capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to manage ER client loads; however, key regulators within the UPR remain to be identified. Activation of the UPR sensor PERK (EIFAK3/PEK) results in the phosphorylation of the α subunit of eIF2 (eIF2α-P), which represses translation initiation and reduces influx of newly synthesized proteins into the overloaded ER. As part of this adaptive response, eIF2α-P also induces a feedback mechanism through enhanced transcriptional and translational expression of Gadd34 (Ppp1r15A),which targets type 1 protein phosphatase for dephosphorylation of eIF2α-P to restore protein synthesis. Here we describe a novel mechanism by which Gadd34 expression is regulated through the activity of the zinc finger transcription factor NMP4 (ZNF384, CIZ). NMP4 functions to suppress bone anabolism, and we suggest that this occurs due to decreased protein synthesis of factors involved in bone formation through NMP4-mediated dampening of Gadd34 and c-Myc expression. Loss of Nmp4 resulted in an increase in c-Myc and Gadd34 expression that facilitated enhanced ribosome biogenesis and global protein synthesis. Importantly, protein synthesis was sustained during pharmacological induction of the UPR through a mechanism suggested to involve GADD34-mediated dephosphorylation of eIF2α-P. Sustained protein synthesis sensitized cells to pharmacological induction of the UPR, and the observed decrease in cell viability was restored upon inhibition of GADD34 activity. We conclude that NMP4 is a key regulator of ribosome biogenesis and the UPR, which together play a central role in determining cell viability during endoplasmic reticulum stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sara K Young
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
| | - Yu Shao
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202-5126
| | | | - Ronald C Wek
- From the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology,
| |
Collapse
|