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Hashimoto Y, Greene C, Munnich A, Campbell M. The CLDN5 gene at the blood-brain barrier in health and disease. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:22. [PMID: 36978081 PMCID: PMC10044825 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00424-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The CLDN5 gene encodes claudin-5 (CLDN-5) that is expressed in endothelial cells and forms tight junctions which limit the passive diffusions of ions and solutes. The blood-brain barrier (BBB), composed of brain microvascular endothelial cells and associated pericytes and end-feet of astrocytes, is a physical and biological barrier to maintain the brain microenvironment. The expression of CLDN-5 is tightly regulated in the BBB by other junctional proteins in endothelial cells and by supports from pericytes and astrocytes. The most recent literature clearly shows a compromised BBB with a decline in CLDN-5 expression increasing the risks of developing neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, brain calcification and dementia. The purpose of this review is to summarize the known diseases associated with CLDN-5 expression and function. In the first part of this review, we highlight the recent understanding of how other junctional proteins as well as pericytes and astrocytes maintain CLDN-5 expression in brain endothelial cells. We detail some drugs that can enhance these supports and are being developed or currently in use to treat diseases associated with CLDN-5 decline. We then summarise mutagenesis-based studies which have facilitated a better understanding of the physiological role of the CLDN-5 protein at the BBB and have demonstrated the functional consequences of a recently identified pathogenic CLDN-5 missense mutation from patients with alternating hemiplegia of childhood. This mutation is the first gain-of-function mutation identified in the CLDN gene family with all others representing loss-of-function mutations resulting in mis-localization of CLDN protein and/or attenuated barrier function. Finally, we summarize recent reports about the dosage-dependent effect of CLDN-5 expression on the development of neurological diseases in mice and discuss what cellular supports for CLDN-5 regulation are compromised in the BBB in human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosuke Hashimoto
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
| | - Chris Greene
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland
| | - Arnold Munnich
- Institut Imagine, INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
- Departments of Pediatric Neurology and Medical Genetics, Hospital Necker Enfants Malades, Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75015, France
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Trinity College Dublin, Smurfit Institute of Genetics, Dublin, D02 VF25, Ireland.
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Yadunandanan Nair N, Samuel V, Ramesh L, Marib A, David DT, Sundararaman A. Actin cytoskeleton in angiogenesis. Biol Open 2022; 11:bio058899. [PMID: 36444960 PMCID: PMC9729668 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Actin, one of the most abundant intracellular proteins in mammalian cells, is a critical regulator of cell shape and polarity, migration, cell division, and transcriptional response. Angiogenesis, or the formation of new blood vessels in the body is a well-coordinated multi-step process. Endothelial cells lining the blood vessels acquire several new properties such as front-rear polarity, invasiveness, rapid proliferation and motility during angiogenesis. This is achieved by changes in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton. Actin remodelling underlies the switch between the quiescent and angiogenic state of the endothelium. Actin forms endothelium-specific structures that support uniquely endothelial functions. Actin regulators at endothelial cell-cell junctions maintain the integrity of the blood-tissue barrier while permitting trans-endothelial leukocyte migration. This review focuses on endothelial actin structures and less-recognised actin-mediated endothelial functions. Readers are referred to other recent reviews for the well-recognised roles of actin in endothelial motility, barrier functions and leukocyte transmigration. Actin generates forces that are transmitted to the extracellular matrix resulting in vascular matrix remodelling. In this review, we attempt to synthesize our current understanding of the roles of actin in vascular morphogenesis. We speculate on the vascular bed specific differences in endothelial actin regulation and its role in the vast heterogeneity in endothelial morphology and function across the various tissues of our body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Yadunandanan Nair
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Victor Samuel
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Lariza Ramesh
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Areeba Marib
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Deena T. David
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
| | - Ananthalakshmy Sundararaman
- Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Biology, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India695014
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Kim HJ, Ryu KJ, Kim M, Kim T, Kim SH, Han H, Kim H, Hong KS, Song CY, Choi Y, Hwangbo C, Kim KD, Yoo J. RhoGDI2-Mediated Rac1 Recruitment to Filamin A Enhances Rac1 Activity and Promotes Invasive Abilities of Gastric Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010255. [PMID: 35008419 PMCID: PMC8750349 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2), a regulator of Rho family GTPase, has been known to promote tumor growth and malignant progression by activating Rac1 in gastric cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanism by which RhoGDI2 activates Rac1 in gastric cancer cells remains unclear. In this study, we found that interaction between RhoGDI2 and Rac1 is a prerequisite for the recruitment of Rac1 to Filamin A. Moreover, we found that Filamin A acts as a scaffold protein that mediates Rac1 activation. Furthermore, we found that Trio, a Rac1-specific GEF, is critical for Rac1 activation in gastric cancer cells. Conclusively, RhoGDI2 increases Rac1 activity by recruiting Rac1 to Filamin A and enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and Trio, which is critical for invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Our findings suggest that RhoGDI2 might be a potential therapeutic target for reducing gastric cancer cell metastasis. Abstract Rho GDP dissociation inhibitor 2 (RhoGDI2), a regulator of Rho family GTPase, has been known to promote tumor growth and malignant progression in gastric cancer. We previously showed that RhoGDI2 positively regulates Rac1 activity and Rac1 activation is critical for RhoGDI2-induced gastric cancer cell invasion. In this study, to identify the precise molecular mechanism by which RhoGDI2 activates Rac1 activity, we performed two-hybrid screenings using yeast and found that RhoGDI2 plays an important role in the interaction between Rac1, Filamin A and Rac1 activation in gastric cancer cells. Moreover, we found that Filamin A is required for Rac1 activation and the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Depletion of Filamin A expression markedly reduced Rac1 activity in RhoGDI2-expressing gastric cancer cells. The migration and invasion ability of RhoGDI2-expressing gastric cancer cells also substantially decreased when Filamin A expression was depleted. Furthermore, we found that Trio, a Rac1-specific guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF), is critical for Rac1 activation and the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells. Therefore, we conclude that RhoGDI2 increases Rac1 activity by recruiting Rac1 to Filamin A and enhancing the interaction between Rac1 and Trio, which is critical for the invasive ability of gastric cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo-Jin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Ki-Jun Ryu
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Minju Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Taeyoung Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Seon-Hee Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyeontak Han
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Keun-Seok Hong
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Chae Yeong Song
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Yeonga Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
| | - Cheol Hwangbo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Kwang Dong Kim
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
| | - Jiyun Yoo
- Division of Applied Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.-J.K.); (K.-J.R.); (M.K.); (T.K.); (S.-H.K.); (H.H.); (H.K.); (K.-S.H.); (C.Y.S.); (Y.C.); (C.H.); (K.D.K.)
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Division of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-1327
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Takino JI, Miyazaki S, Nagamine K, Hori T. The Role of RASGRP2 in Vascular Endothelial Cells-A Mini Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222011129. [PMID: 34681791 PMCID: PMC8537898 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RAS guanyl nucleotide-releasing proteins (RASGRPs) are important proteins that act as guanine nucleotide exchange factors, which activate small GTPases and function as molecular switches for intracellular signals. The RASGRP family is composed of RASGRP1-4 proteins and activates the small GTPases, RAS and RAP. Among them, RASGRP2 has different characteristics from other RASGRPs in that it targets small GTPases and its localizations are different. Many studies related to RASGRP2 have been reported in cells of the blood cell lineage. Furthermore, RASGRP2 has also been reported to be associated with Huntington's disease, tumors, and rheumatoid arthritis. In addition, we also recently reported RASGRP2 expression in vascular endothelial cells, and clarified the involvement of xenopus Rasgrp2 in the vasculogenesis process and multiple signaling pathways of RASGRP2 in human vascular endothelial cells with stable expression of RASGRP2. Therefore, this article outlines the existing knowledge of RASGRP2 and focuses on its expression and role in vascular endothelial cells, and suggests that RASGRP2 functions as a protective factor for maintaining healthy blood vessels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-ichi Takino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-823-73-8584
| | - Shouhei Miyazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
| | - Kentaro Nagamine
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan;
| | - Takamitsu Hori
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hiroshima International University, 5-1-1 Hirokoshingai, Kure, Hiroshima 737-0112, Japan; (S.M.); (T.H.)
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Cuesta C, Arévalo-Alameda C, Castellano E. The Importance of Being PI3K in the RAS Signaling Network. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071094. [PMID: 34356110 PMCID: PMC8303222 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ras proteins are essential mediators of a multitude of cellular processes, and its deregulation is frequently associated with cancer appearance, progression, and metastasis. Ras-driven cancers are usually aggressive and difficult to treat. Although the recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of the first Ras G12C inhibitor is an important milestone, only a small percentage of patients will benefit from it. A better understanding of the context in which Ras operates in different tumor types and the outcomes mediated by each effector pathway may help to identify additional strategies and targets to treat Ras-driven tumors. Evidence emerging in recent years suggests that both oncogenic Ras signaling in tumor cells and non-oncogenic Ras signaling in stromal cells play an essential role in cancer. PI3K is one of the main Ras effectors, regulating important cellular processes such as cell viability or resistance to therapy or angiogenesis upon oncogenic Ras activation. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in the understanding of Ras-dependent activation of PI3K both in physiological conditions and cancer, with a focus on how this signaling pathway contributes to the formation of a tumor stroma that promotes tumor cell proliferation, migration, and spread.
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6
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Bandaru S, Ala C, Zhou AX, Akyürek LM. Filamin A Regulates Cardiovascular Remodeling. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126555. [PMID: 34207234 PMCID: PMC8235345 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin A (FLNA) is a large actin-binding cytoskeletal protein that is important for cell motility by stabilizing actin networks and integrating them with cell membranes. Interestingly, a C-terminal fragment of FLNA can be cleaved off by calpain to stimulate adaptive angiogenesis by transporting multiple transcription factors into the nucleus. Recently, increasing evidence suggests that FLNA participates in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, in which the interaction of FLNA with transcription factors and/or cell signaling molecules dictate the function of vascular cells. Localized FLNA mutations associate with cardiovascular malformations in humans. A lack of FLNA in experimental animal models disrupts cell migration during embryogenesis and causes anomalies, including heart and vessels, similar to human malformations. More recently, it was shown that FLNA mediates the progression of myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis. Thus, these latest findings identify FLNA as an important novel mediator of cardiovascular development and remodeling, and thus a potential target for therapy. In this update, we summarized the literature on filamin biology with regard to cardiovascular cell function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashidar Bandaru
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Chandu Ala
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Alex-Xianghua Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
| | - Levent M. Akyürek
- Division of Clinical Pathology, Sahlgrenska Academy Hospital, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden;
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden; (C.A.); (A.-X.Z.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou J, Kang X, An H, Lv Y, Liu X. The function and pathogenic mechanism of filamin A. Gene 2021; 784:145575. [PMID: 33737122 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A(FLNa) is an actin-binding protein, which participates in the formation of the cytoskeleton, anchors a variety of proteins in the cytoskeleton and regulates cell adhesion and migration. It is involved in signal transduction, cell proliferation and differentiation, pseudopodia formation, vesicle transport, tumor resistance and genetic diseases by binding with interacting proteins. In order to fully elucidate the structure, function and pathogenesis of FLNa, we summarized all substances which directly or indirectly act on FLNa so far, upstream and downstream targets which having effect on it, signaling pathways and their functions. It also recorded the expression and effect of FLNa in different diseases, including hereditary disease and tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xinmei Kang
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Hanxiang An
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Yun Lv
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Oncology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, Fujian, China.
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RasGRP2 inhibits glyceraldehyde-derived toxic advanced glycation end-products from inducing permeability in vascular endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2959. [PMID: 33536515 PMCID: PMC7859393 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82619-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are formed by the non-enzymatic reaction of sugars and proteins. Among the AGEs, glyceraldehyde-derived toxic AGEs (TAGE) are associated with various diseases, including diabetic complications such as diabetic retinopathy (DR). The risk of developing DR is strongly associated with poor glycemic control, which causes AGE accumulation and increases AGE-induced vascular permeability. We previously reported that Ras guanyl nucleotide releasing protein 2 (RasGRP2), which activates small G proteins, may play an essential role in the cell response to toxicity when exposed to various factors. However, it is not known whether RasGRP2 prevents the adverse effects of TAGE in vascular endothelial cells. This study observed that TAGE enhanced vascular permeability by disrupting adherens junctions and tight junctions via complex signaling, such as ROS and non-ROS pathways. In particular, RasGRP2 protected adherens junction disruption, thereby suppressing vascular hyper-permeability. These results indicate that RasGRP2 is an essential protective factor of vascular permeability and may help develop novel therapeutic strategies for AGE-induced DR.
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Migliori AD, Patel LA, Neale C. The RIT1 C-terminus associates with lipid bilayers via charge complementarity. Comput Biol Chem 2021; 91:107437. [PMID: 33517146 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2021.107437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
RIT1 is a member of the Ras superfamily of small GTPases involved in regulation of cellular signaling. Mutations to RIT1 are involved in cancer and developmental disorders. Like many Ras subfamily members, RIT1 is localized to the plasma membrane. However, RIT1 lacks the C-terminal prenylation that helps many other subfamily members adhere to cellular membranes. We used molecular dynamics simulations to examine the mechanisms by which the C-terminal peptide (CTP) of RIT1 associates with lipid bilayers. We show that the CTP is unstructured and that its membrane interactions depend on lipid composition. While a 12-residue region of the CTP binds strongly to anionic bilayers containing phosphatidylserine lipids, the CTP termini fray from the membrane allowing for accommodation of the RIT1 globular domain at the membrane-water interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy D Migliori
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
| | - Lara A Patel
- Center for Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States; Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States
| | - Chris Neale
- Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, United States.
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Upregulation of OSBPL3 by HIF1A promotes colorectal cancer progression through activation of RAS signaling pathway. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:571. [PMID: 32709922 PMCID: PMC7381633 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02793-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterol-binding protein like protein 3 (OSBPL3) has been shown involving in the development of several human cancers. However, the relationship between OSBPL3 and colorectal cancer (CRC), particularly the role of OSBPL3 in the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of OSBPL3 in CRC and found that its expression was significantly higher in CRC tissues than that in normal tissues. In addition, high expression of OSBPL3 was closely related to poor differentiation, advanced TNM stage and poor prognosis of CRC. Further experiments showed that over-expression of OSBPL3 promoted the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of CRC in vitro and in vivo models. Moreover, we revealed that OSBPL3 promoted CRC progression through activation of RAS signaling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hypoxia induced factor 1 (HIF-1A) can regulate the expression of OSBPL3 via binding to the hypoxia response element (HRE) in the promoter of OSBPL3. In summary, Upregulation of OSBPL3 by HIF1A promotes colorectal cancer progression through activation of RAS signaling pathway. This novel mechanism provides a comprehensive understanding of both OSBPL3 and the RAS signaling pathway in the progression of CRC and indicates that the HIF1A–OSBPL3–RAS axis is a potential target for early therapeutic intervention in CRC progression.
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Vähätupa M, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. Exploration of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Model to Discover New Therapeutic Drug Targets in Retinopathies. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:873. [PMID: 32595503 PMCID: PMC7300227 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is a pure hypoxia-driven angiogenesis model and the most widely used model for ischemic retinopathies, such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). OIR model has been used to test new potential anti-angiogenic factors for human diseases. We have recently performed the most comprehensive characterization of OIR by a relatively novel mass spectrometry (MS) technique, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics and used genetically modified mice strains to identify novel molecular drug targets in angiogenic retinal diseases. We have confirmed the relevance of the identified molecular targets to human diseases by determining their expression pattern in neovascular membranes obtained from PDR and RVO patients. Based on our results, crystallins were the most prominent proteins induced by early hypoxic environment during the OIR, while actomyosin complex and Filamin A-R-Ras axis, that regulates vascular permeability of the angiogenic blood vessels, stood out at the peak of angiogenesis. Our results have revealed potential new therapeutic targets to address hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis and the associated vascular permeability in number of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A. H. Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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Yoon JK, Kim DH, Kang ML, Jang HK, Park HJ, Lee JB, Yi SW, Kim HS, Baek S, Park DB, You J, Lee SD, Sei Y, Ahn SI, Shin YM, Kim CS, Bae S, Kim Y, Sung HJ. Anti-Atherogenic Effect of Stem Cell Nanovesicles Targeting Disturbed Flow Sites. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2000012. [PMID: 32239653 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202000012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis development leads to irreversible cascades, highlighting the unmet need for improved methods of early diagnosis and prevention. Disturbed flow formation is one of the earliest atherogenic events, resulting in increased endothelial permeability and subsequent monocyte recruitment. Here, a mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived nanovesicle (NV) that can target disturbed flow sites with the peptide GSPREYTSYMPH (PREY) (PMSC-NVs) is presented which is selected through phage display screening of a hundred million peptides. The PMSC-NVs are effectively produced from human MSCs (hMSCs) using plasmid DNA designed to functionalize the cell membrane with PREY. The potent anti-inflammatory and pro-endothelial recovery effects are confirmed, similar to those of hMSCs, employing mouse and porcine partial carotid artery ligation models as well as a microfluidic disturbed flow model with human carotid artery-derived endothelial cells. This nanoscale platform is expected to contribute to the development of new theragnostic strategies for preventing the progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Kee Yoon
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Lan Kang
- TMD LAB Co., Ltd, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Ki Jang
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ji Park
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Jung Bok Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 04310, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Yi
- TMD LAB Co., Ltd, Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Kim
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Sewoom Baek
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Dan Bi Park
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin You
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Yoshitaka Sei
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Song Ih Ahn
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Young Min Shin
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - YongTae Kim
- George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), Institute for Electronics and Nanotechnology (IEN), Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia, 30313, USA
| | - Hak-Joon Sung
- Department of Medical Engineering, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
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13
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Takino JI, Sato T, Nagamine K, Hori T. The inhibition of Bax activation-induced apoptosis by RasGRP2 via R-Ras-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway in the endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16717. [PMID: 31723205 PMCID: PMC6854084 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-53419-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of endothelial cells is a very important event in various diseases and angiogenesis. We recently reported that ras guanyl nucleotide releasing protein 2 (RasGRP2), which is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, was expressed in the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and that Rap1 activation by its overexpression inhibited apoptosis by suppressing tumor necrosis factor-α induced-reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. However, other signaling pathways and roles of RasGRP2 not mediated via Rap1 are not well understood. Therefore, we compared the Mock (M) and the RasGRP2-stable overexpression (R) immortalized HUVECs using BAM7 and anisomycin, which are apoptosis inducers. BAM7 and anisomycin induced apoptosis without causing ROS production, and such apoptosis was significantly increased in M cells, but not in R cells. RasGRP2 suppressed BAM7- and anisomycin-induced apoptosis, but not via the Rap1 pathway as observed using Rap1 knockdown. Furthermore, RasGRP2 activated not only Rap1 but also R-Ras, and suppressed apoptosis by activating R-Ras-phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway. The phosphorylation of Akt by RasGRP2 inhibited Bax translocation by promoting translocation of hexokinase-2 (HK-2) from cytoplasm to mitochondria. Taken together, it was suggested that RasGRP2 suppresses the Bax activation-induced apoptosis by promoting HK-2 translocation to mitochondria via R-Ras-PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Ichi Takino
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan.
| | - Takuma Sato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Nagamine
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takamitsu Hori
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Hiroshima International University, Hiroshima, Japan
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14
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Vähätupa M, Nättinen J, Jylhä A, Aapola U, Kataja M, Kööbi P, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo H, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. SWATH-MS Proteomic Analysis of Oxygen-Induced Retinopathy Reveals Novel Potential Therapeutic Targets. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3294-3306. [PMID: 30025079 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) is the most widely used model for ischemic retinopathies such as retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), and retinal vein occlusion (RVO). The purpose of this study was to perform the most comprehensive characterization of OIR by a recently developed technique, sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH-MS) proteomics. Methods Control and OIR retina samples collected from various time points were subjected to SWATH-MS and detailed data analysis. Immunohistochemistry from mouse retinas as well as neovascular membranes from human PDR and RVO patients were used for the detection of the localization of the proteins showing altered expression in the retina and to address their relevance to human ischemic retinopathies. Results We report the most extensive proteomic profiling of OIR to date by quantifying almost 3000 unique proteins and their expression differences between control and OIR retinas. Crystallins were the most prominent proteins induced by hypoxia in the retina, while angiogenesis related proteins such as Filamin A and nonmuscle myosin IIA stand out at the peak of angiogenesis. Majority of the changes in protein expression return to normal at P42, but there is evidence to suggest that proteins involved in neurotransmission remain at reduced level. Conclusions The results reveal new potential therapeutic targets to address hypoxia-induced pathological angiogenesis taking place in number of retinal diseases. The extensive proteomic profiling combined with pathway analysis also identifies novel molecular networks that could contribute to the pathogenesis of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Janika Nättinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Center for Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Jylhä
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Center for Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ulla Aapola
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Center for Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Kataja
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Peeter Kööbi
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,The Center for Proteomics and Personalized Medicine, Tampere, Finland.,Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Faculty of Medicine & Life Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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15
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Toomer K, Sauls K, Fulmer D, Guo L, Moore K, Glover J, Stairley R, Bischoff J, Levine RA, Norris RA. Filamin-A as a Balance between Erk/Smad Activities During Cardiac Valve Development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2018; 302:117-124. [PMID: 30288957 PMCID: PMC6312478 DOI: 10.1002/ar.23911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) affects 2.4% of the population and has poorly understood etiology. Recent genetic studies have begun to unravel the complexities of MVP and through these efforts, mutations in the FLNA (Filamin-A) gene were identified as disease causing. Our in vivo and in vitro studies have validated these genetic findings and have revealed FLNA as a central regulator of valve morphogenesis. The mechanisms by which FLNA mutations result in myxomatous mitral valve disease are currently unknown, but may involve proteins previously associated with mutated regions of the FLNA protein, such as the small GTPase signaling protein, R-Ras. Herein, we report that Filamin-A is required for R-Ras expression and activation of the Ras-Mek-Erk pathway. Loss of the Ras/Erk pathway correlated with hyperactivation of pSmad2/3, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production and enlarged mitral valves. Analyses of integrin receptors in the mitral valve revealed that Filamin-A was required for β1-integrin expression and provided a potential mechanism for impaired ECM compaction and valve enlargement. Our data support Filamin-A as a protein that regulates the balance between Erk and Smad activation and an inability of Filamin-A deficient valve interstitial cells to effectively remodel the increased ECM production through a β1-integrin mechanism. As a consequence, loss of Filamin-A function results in increased ECM production and generation of a myxomatous phenotype characterized by improperly compacted mitral valve tissue. Anat Rec, 302:117-124, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelynn Toomer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kimberly Sauls
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Diana Fulmer
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Lilong Guo
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Kelsey Moore
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Janiece Glover
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Rebecca Stairley
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Joyce Bischoff
- Vascular Biology Program and Department of Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert A Levine
- Cardiac Ultrasound Laboratory, Cardiology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Russell A Norris
- Cardiovascular Developmental Biology Center, Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, Children's Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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16
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Nakhaei-Rad S, Haghighi F, Nouri P, Rezaei Adariani S, Lissy J, Kazemein Jasemi NS, Dvorsky R, Ahmadian MR. Structural fingerprints, interactions, and signaling networks of RAS family proteins beyond RAS isoforms. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:130-156. [PMID: 29457927 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2018.1431605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saeideh Nakhaei-Rad
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Parivash Nouri
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Soheila Rezaei Adariani
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Jana Lissy
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Neda S Kazemein Jasemi
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Radovan Dvorsky
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
| | - Mohammad Reza Ahmadian
- a Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Medical Faculty , Heinrich-Heine University , Düsseldorf , Germany
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17
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Prystopiuk V, Fels B, Simon CS, Liashkovich I, Pasrednik D, Kronlage C, Wedlich-Söldner R, Oberleithner H, Fels J. A two-phase response of endothelial cells to hydrostatic pressure. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.206920. [DOI: 10.1242/jcs.206920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular endothelium is exposed to three types of mechanical forces: blood flow-mediated shear stress, vessel-diameter dependent wall tension and hydrostatic pressure. Despite considerable variations of blood pressure in normal and pathological physiology, little is known about the acute molecular and cellular effects of hydrostatic pressure on endothelial cells. Here, we used a combination of quantitative fluorescence microscopy, atomic force microscopy and molecular perturbations to characterize the specific response of endothelial cells to pressure application. We identified a two-phase response of endothelial cells to acute (1 h) vs. chronic (24 h) pressure application (100 mmHg). While both regimes induce cortical stiffening, the acute response is linked to calcium-mediated myosin activation, whereas the chronic cell response is dominated by increased cortical actin density and a loss in endothelial barrier function. GsMTx-4 and amiloride inhibit the acute pressure response, which suggest the sodium channel ENaC as key player in endothelial pressure sensing. The described two-phase pressure response may participate in the differential effects of transient changes in blood pressure and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Prystopiuk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
- current address: Institute of Life Sciences, Université Catholique de Louvain, Croix du Sud, 4-5, bte L7.07.06, Louvain-la-Neuve B-1348, Belgium
| | - Benedikt Fels
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Caroline Sophie Simon
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dzmitry Pasrednik
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Cornelius Kronlage
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Roland Wedlich-Söldner
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Johannes Fels
- Institute of Cell Dynamics and Imaging, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 56, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Cells-In-Motion Cluster of Excellence (EXC1003-CiM), University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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18
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Dephosphorylation of Y685-VE-Cadherin Involved in Pulmonary Microvascular Endothelial Barrier Injury Induced by Angiotensin II. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:8696481. [PMID: 28119542 PMCID: PMC5227173 DOI: 10.1155/2016/8696481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiotensin II (AngII) caused pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier injury, which induced acute aortic dissection (AAD) combined with acute lung injury (ALI). However, the exact mechanism is unclear. We investigated the role of dephosphorylation of Y685-VE-cadherin in the AngII induced pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier injury. Mice or pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (PMVECs) were divided into control group, AngII group, AngII+PP2 (Src kinase inhibitor) group, and PP2 group. PP2 was used to inhibit the phosphorylation of Y685-VE-cadherin. Pathological changes, infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, and pulmonary microvascular permeability were used to determine the pulmonary microvascular endothelial barrier function. Flow cytometry was used to determine the apoptosis of PMVECs, and immunofluorescence was used to determine the skeletal arrangement. Transendothelial resistance was used to detect the permeability of endothelial barrier. Phosphorylation of Y685-VE-cadherin was significantly reduced after AngII stimulation (P < 0.05), together with skeletal rearrangement, and elevation of endothelial permeability which finally induced endothelial barrier injury. After PP2 interference, the phosphorylation of Y685-VE-cadherin was further reduced and the endothelial permeability was further elevated. These data indicated that AngII could induce pulmonary injury by triggering endothelial barrier injury, and such process may be related to the dephosphorylation of Y685-VE-cadherin and the endothelial skeletal rearrangement.
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19
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Feng H, Pyykkö I, Zou J. Involvement of Ubiquitin-Editing Protein A20 in Modulating Inflammation in Rat Cochlea Associated with Silver Nanoparticle-Induced CD68 Upregulation and TLR4 Activation. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2016; 11:240. [PMID: 27142878 PMCID: PMC4854861 DOI: 10.1186/s11671-016-1430-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were shown to temporarily impair the biological barriers in the skin of the external ear canal, mucosa of the middle ear, and inner ear, causing partially reversible hearing loss after delivery into the middle ear. The current study aimed to elucidate the molecular mechanism, emphasizing the TLR signaling pathways in association with the potential recruitment of macrophages in the cochlea and the modulation of inflammation by ubiquitin-editing protein A20. Molecules potentially involved in these signaling pathways were thoroughly analysed using immunohistochemistry in the rat cochlea exposed to AgNPs at various concentrations through intratympanic injection. The results showed that 0.4 % AgNPs but not 0.02 % AgNPs upregulated the expressions of CD68, TLR4, MCP1, A20, and RNF11 in the strial basal cells, spiral ligament fibrocytes, and non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ. 0.4 % AgNPs had no effect on CD44, TLR2, MCP2, Rac1, myosin light chain, VCAM1, Erk1/2, JNK, p38, IL-1β, TNF-α, TNFR1, TNFR2, IL-10, or TGF-β. This study suggested that AgNPs might confer macrophage-like functions on the strial basal cells and spiral ligament fibrocytes and enhance the immune activities of non-sensory supporting cells of Corti's organ through the upregulation of CD68, which might be involved in TLR4 activation. A20 and RNF11 played roles in maintaining cochlear homeostasis via negative regulation of the expressions of inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Feng
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Ilmari Pyykkö
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland
| | - Jing Zou
- Hearing and Balance Research Unit, Field of Oto-laryngology, School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Medisiinarinkatu 3, 33520, Tampere, Finland.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Chinese PLA, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China.
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20
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Ritelli M, Morlino S, Giacopuzzi E, Carini G, Cinquina V, Chiarelli N, Majore S, Colombi M, Castori M. Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with lethal cardiac valvular dystrophy in males carrying a novel splice mutation in FLNA. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 173:169-176. [PMID: 27739212 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A is an X-linked, ubiquitous actin-binding protein whose mutations are associated to multiple disorders with limited genotype-phenotype correlations. While gain-of-function mutations cause various bone dysplasias, loss-of-function variants are the most common cause of periventricular nodular heterotopias with variable soft connective tissue involvement, as well as X-linked cardiac valvular dystrophy (XCVD). The term "Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) with periventricular heterotopias" has been used in females with neurological, cardiovascular, integument and joint manifestations, but this nosology is still a matter of debate. We report the clinical and molecular update of an Italian family with an X-linked recessive soft connective tissue disorder and which was described, in 1975, as the first example of EDS type V of the Berlin nosology. The cutaneous phenotype of the index patient was close to classical EDS and all males died for a lethal cardiac valvular dystrophy. Whole exome sequencing identified the novel c.1829-1G>C splice variation in FLNA in two affected cousins. The nucleotide change was predicted to abolish the canonical splice acceptor site of exon 13 and to activate a cryptic acceptor site 15 bp downstream, leading to in frame deletion of five amino acid residues (p.Phe611_Gly615del). The predicted in frame deletion clusters with all the mutations previously identified in XCVD and falls within the N-terminus rod 1 domain of filamin A. Our findings expand the male-specific phenotype of FLNA mutations that now includes classical-like EDS with lethal cardiac valvular dystrophy, and offer further insights for the genotype-phenotype correlations within this spectrum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ritelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Morlino
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Edoardo Giacopuzzi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giulia Carini
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valeria Cinquina
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nicola Chiarelli
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Majore
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marina Colombi
- Division of Biology and Genetics, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Castori
- Unit of Clinical Genetics, San Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy
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21
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Vähätupa M, Prince S, Vataja S, Mertimo T, Kataja M, Kinnunen K, Marjomäki V, Uusitalo H, Komatsu M, Järvinen TAH, Uusitalo-Järvinen H. Lack of R-Ras Leads to Increased Vascular Permeability in Ischemic Retinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2016; 57:4898-4909. [PMID: 27654416 PMCID: PMC5032915 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.16-19212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The role of R-Ras in retinal angiogenesis and vascular permeability was evaluated in an oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) model using R-Ras knockout (KO) mice and in human diabetic neovascular membranes. Methods Mice deficient for R-Ras and their wild-type (WT) littermates were subjected to 75% oxygen from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12 and then returned to room air. At P17 retinal vascularization was examined from whole mounts, and retinal vascular permeability was studied using Miles assay. Real-time RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression of R-Ras in retina during development or in the OIR model. The degree of pericyte coverage and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin expression on WT and R-Ras KO retinal blood vessels was quantified using confocal microscopy. The correlation of R-Ras with vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and human serum albumin on human proliferative diabetic retinopathy membranes was assessed using immunohistochemistry. Results In retina, R-Ras expression was mostly restricted to the vasculature. Retinal vessels in the R-Ras KO mice were significantly more permeable than WT controls in the OIR model. A significant reduction in the direct physical contact between pericytes and blood vessel endothelium as well as reduced VE-cadherin immunostaining was found in R-Ras–deficient mice. In human proliferative diabetic retinopathy neovascular membranes, R-Ras expression negatively correlated with increased vascular leakage and expression of VEGFR2, a marker of blood vessel immaturity. Conclusions Our results suggest that R-Ras has a role in controlling retinal vessel maturation and stabilization in ischemic retinopathy and provides a potential target for pharmacologic manipulation to treat diabetic retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vähätupa
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 2Department of Anatomy, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Stuart Prince
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Suvi Vataja
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teija Mertimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Marko Kataja
- Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Kati Kinnunen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Varpu Marjomäki
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science/Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Hannu Uusitalo
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 3Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Masanobu Komatsu
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake Nona, Orlando, Florida, United States
| | - Tero A H Järvinen
- Department of Anatomy, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 7Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Hannele Uusitalo-Järvinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland 3Eye Centre, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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22
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Factors regulating capillary remodeling in a reversible model of inflammatory corneal angiogenesis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32137. [PMID: 27561355 PMCID: PMC4999823 DOI: 10.1038/srep32137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Newly formed microcapillary networks arising in adult organisms by angiogenic and inflammatory stimuli contribute to pathologies such as corneal and retinal blindness, tumor growth, and metastasis. Therapeutic inhibition of pathologic angiogenesis has focused on targeting the VEGF pathway, while comparatively little attention has been given to remodeling of the new microcapillaries into a stabilized, functional, and persistent vascular network. Here, we used a novel reversible model of inflammatory angiogenesis in the rat cornea to investigate endogenous factors rapidly invoked to remodel, normalize and regress microcapillaries as part of the natural response to regain corneal avascularity. Rapid reversal of an inflammatory angiogenic stimulus suppressed granulocytic activity, enhanced recruitment of remodelling macrophages, induced capillary intussusception, and enriched pathways and processes involving immune cells, chemokines, morphogenesis, axonal guidance, and cell motility, adhesion, and cytoskeletal functions. Whole transcriptome gene expression analysis revealed suppression of numerous inflammatory and angiogenic factors and enhancement of endogenous inhibitors. Many of the identified genes function independently of VEGF and represent potentially new targets for molecular control of the critical process of microvascular remodeling and regression in the cornea.
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23
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Mercey O, Kodjabachian L, Barbry P, Marcet B. MicroRNAs as key regulators of GTPase-mediated apical actin reorganization in multiciliated epithelia. Small GTPases 2016; 7:54-8. [PMID: 27144998 PMCID: PMC4905265 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2016.1151099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiciliated cells (MCCs), which are present in specialized vertebrate tissues such as mucociliary epithelia, project hundreds of motile cilia from their apical membrane. Coordinated ciliary beating in MCCs contributes to fluid propulsion in several biological processes. In a previous work, we demonstrated that microRNAs of the miR-34/449 family act as new conserved regulators of MCC differentiation by specifically repressing cell cycle genes and the Notch pathway. Recently, we have shown that miR-34/449 also modulate small GTPase pathways to promote, in a later stage of differentiation, the assembly of the apical actin network, a prerequisite for proper anchoring of centrioles-derived neo-synthesized basal bodies. We characterized several miR-34/449 targets related to small GTPase pathways including R-Ras, which represents a key and conserved regulator during MCC differentiation. Direct RRAS repression by miR-34/449 is necessary for apical actin meshwork assembly, notably by allowing the apical relocalization of the actin binding protein Filamin-A near basal bodies. Our studies establish miR-34/449 as central players that orchestrate several steps of MCC differentiation program by regulating distinct signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Mercey
- a CNRS-IPMC, UMR-7275 , Sophia-Antipolis , France.,b University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS) , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | | | - Pascal Barbry
- a CNRS-IPMC, UMR-7275 , Sophia-Antipolis , France.,b University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS) , Sophia-Antipolis , France
| | - Brice Marcet
- a CNRS-IPMC, UMR-7275 , Sophia-Antipolis , France.,b University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS) , Sophia-Antipolis , France
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24
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Yan X, Yan M, Guo Y, Singh G, Chen Y, Yu M, Wang D, Hillery CA, Chan AM. R-Ras Regulates Murine T Cell Migration and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 Binding. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145218. [PMID: 26710069 PMCID: PMC4692399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The trafficking of T-lymphocytes to peripheral draining lymph nodes is crucial for mounting an adaptive immune response. The role of chemokines in the activation of integrins via Ras-related small GTPases has been well established. R-Ras is a member of the Ras-subfamily of small guanosine-5’-triphosphate-binding proteins and its role in T cell trafficking has been investigated in R-Ras null mice (Rras−/−). An examination of the lymphoid organs of Rras−/− mice revealed a 40% reduction in the cellularity of the peripheral lymph nodes. Morphologically, the high endothelial venules of Rras−/− mice were more disorganized and less mature than those of wild-type mice. Furthermore, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from Rras−/− mice had approximately 42% lower surface expression of L-selectin/CD62L. These aberrant peripheral lymph node phenotypes were associated with proliferative and trafficking defects in Rras−/− T cells. Furthermore, R-Ras could be activated by the chemokine, CCL21. Indeed, Rras−/− T cells had approximately 14.5% attenuation in binding to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 upon CCL21 stimulation. Finally, in a graft-versus host disease model, recipient mice that were transfused with Rras−/− T cells showed a significant reduction in disease severity when compared with mice transplanted with wild-type T cells. These findings implicate a role for R-Ras in T cell trafficking in the high endothelial venules during an effective immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Yan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mingfei Yan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yihe Guo
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Gobind Singh
- Department of Oncological Sciences, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mei Yu
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Demin Wang
- Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Cheryl A Hillery
- Department of Pediatrics, The Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America.,Blood Research Institute, BloodCenter of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrew M Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR
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25
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Chevalier B, Adamiok A, Mercey O, Revinski DR, Zaragosi LE, Pasini A, Kodjabachian L, Barbry P, Marcet B. miR-34/449 control apical actin network formation during multiciliogenesis through small GTPase pathways. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8386. [PMID: 26381333 PMCID: PMC4595761 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate multiciliated cells (MCCs) contribute to fluid propulsion in several biological processes. We previously showed that microRNAs of the miR-34/449 family trigger MCC differentiation by repressing cell cycle genes and the Notch pathway. Here, using human and Xenopus MCCs, we show that beyond this initial step, miR-34/449 later promote the assembly of an apical actin network, required for proper basal bodies anchoring. Identification of miR-34/449 targets related to small GTPase pathways led us to characterize R-Ras as a key regulator of this process. Protection of RRAS messenger RNA against miR-34/449 binding impairs actin cap formation and multiciliogenesis, despite a still active RhoA. We propose that miR-34/449 also promote relocalization of the actin binding protein Filamin-A, a known RRAS interactor, near basal bodies in MCCs. Our study illustrates the intricate role played by miR-34/449 in coordinating several steps of a complex differentiation programme by regulating distinct signalling pathways. MicroRNAs of the miR-34/449 family initiate formation of multiciliated cells through the suppression of cell cycle genes and Notch. Here the authors show that miR-34/449 also regulate the assembly of an apical actin network necessary for basal body anchoring by regulating the expression of R-Ras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoît Chevalier
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR-7275, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Anna Adamiok
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Mercey
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR-7275, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Diego R Revinski
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laure-Emmanuelle Zaragosi
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR-7275, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Andrea Pasini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Laurent Kodjabachian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, UMR7288, Institut de Biologie du Développement de Marseille (IBDM), 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Barbry
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR-7275, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
| | - Brice Marcet
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IPMC), UMR-7275, 660 route des Lucioles, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France.,University of Nice-Sophia-Antipolis (UNS), Institut de Pharmacologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, 660 route des Lucioles, Valbonne, 06560 Sophia-Antipolis, France
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26
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Sauls K, Toomer K, Williams K, Johnson AJ, Markwald RR, Hajdu Z, Norris RA. Increased Infiltration of Extra-Cardiac Cells in Myxomatous Valve Disease. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2015; 2:200-213. [PMID: 26473162 PMCID: PMC4603574 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd2030200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the actin-binding gene Filamin-A have been linked to non-syndromic myxomatous valvular dystrophy and associated mitral valve prolapse. Previous studies by our group traced the adult valve defects back to developmental errors in valve interstitial cell-mediated extracellular matrix remodeling during fetal valve gestation. Mice deficient in Filamin-A exhibit enlarged mitral leaflets at E17.5, and subsequent progression to a myxomatous phenotype is observed by two months. For this study, we sought to define mechanisms that contribute to myxomatous degeneration in the adult Filamin-A-deficient mouse. In vivo experiments demonstrate increased infiltration of hematopoietic-derived cells and macrophages in adolescent Filamin-A conditional knockout mice. Concurrent with this infiltration of hematopoietic cells, we show an increase in Erk activity, which localizes to regions of MMP2 expression. Additionally, increases in cell proliferation are observed at two months, when hematopoietic cell engraftment and signaling are pronounced. Similar changes are observed in human myxomatous mitral valve tissue, suggesting that infiltration of hematopoietic-derived cells and/or increased Erk signaling may contribute to myxomatous valvular dystrophy. Consequently, immune cell targeting and/or suppression of pErk activities may represent an effective therapeutic option for mitral valve prolapse patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Sauls
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Katelynn Toomer
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Katherine Williams
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Amanda J. Johnson
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Roger R. Markwald
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
| | - Zoltan Hajdu
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, 200 C Patewood Drive, Greenville, SC 29615, USA; E-Mail:
| | - Russell A. Norris
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Children’s Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, 171 Ashley Ave, Charleston, SC 29425, USA; E-Mails: (K.S.); (K.T.); (K.W.); (A.J.J.); (R.R.M.)
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +1-843-792-3544; Fax: +1-843-792-0664
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27
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Resistance of R-Ras knockout mice to skin tumour induction. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11663. [PMID: 26133397 PMCID: PMC4488886 DOI: 10.1038/srep11663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The R-ras gene encodes a small GTPase that is a member of the Ras family. Despite close sequence similarities, R-Ras is functionally distinct from the prototypic Ras proteins; no transformative activity and no activating mutations of R-Ras in human malignancies have been reported for it. R-Ras activity appears inhibitory towards tumour proliferation and invasion, and to promote cellular quiescence. Contrary to this, using mice with a deletion of the R-ras gene, we found that R-Ras facilitates DMBA/TPA-induced skin tumour induction. The tumours appeared in wild-type (WT) mice on average 6 weeks earlier than in R-Ras knockout (R-Ras KO) mice. WT mice developed almost 6 times more tumours than R-Ras KO mice. Despite strong R-Ras protein expression in the dermal blood vessels, no R-Ras could be detected in the epidermis from where the tumours arose. The DMBA/TPA skin tumourigenesis-model is highly dependent upon inflammation, and we found a greatly attenuated skin inflammatory response to DMBA/TPA-treatment in the R-Ras KO mice in the context of leukocyte infiltration and proinflammatory cytokine expression. Thus, these data suggest that despite its characterised role in promoting cellular quiescence, R-Ras is pro-tumourigenic in the DMBA/TPA tumour model and important for the inflammatory response to DMBA/TPA treatment.
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28
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Szeto SG, Williams EC, Rudner AD, Lee JM. Phosphorylation of filamin A by Cdk1 regulates filamin A localization and daughter cell separation. Exp Cell Res 2015; 330:248-266. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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29
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García-Ponce A, Citalán-Madrid AF, Velázquez-Avila M, Vargas-Robles H, Schnoor M. The role of actin-binding proteins in the control of endothelial barrier integrity. Thromb Haemost 2014; 113:20-36. [PMID: 25183310 DOI: 10.1160/th14-04-0298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial barrier of the vasculature is of utmost importance for separating the blood stream from underlying tissues. This barrier is formed by tight and adherens junctions (TJ and AJ) that form intercellular endothelial contacts. TJ and AJ are integral membrane structures that are connected to the actin cytoskeleton via various adaptor molecules. Consequently, the actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role in regulating the stability of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability. While a circumferential cortical actin ring stabilises junctions, the formation of contractile stress fibres, e. g. under inflammatory conditions, can contribute to junction destabilisation. However, the role of actin-binding proteins (ABP) in the control of vascular permeability has long been underestimated. Naturally, ABP regulate permeability via regulation of actin remodelling but some actin-binding molecules can also act independently of actin and control vascular permeability via various signalling mechanisms such as activation of small GTPases. Several studies have recently been published highlighting the importance of actin-binding molecules such as cortactin, ezrin/radixin/moesin, Arp2/3, VASP or WASP for the control of vascular permeability by various mechanisms. These proteins have been described to regulate vascular permeability under various pathophysiological conditions and are thus of clinical relevance as targets for the development of treatment strategies for disorders that are characterised by vascular hyperpermeability such as sepsis. This review highlights recent advances in determining the role of ABP in the control of endothelial cell contacts and vascular permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Schnoor
- Dr. Michael Schnoor, CINVESTAV del IPN, Department for Molecular Biomedicine, Av. IPN 2508, San Pedro Zacatenco, GAM, 07360 Mexico City, Mexico, Tel.: +52 55 5747 3321, Fax: +52 55 5747 3938, E-mail:
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30
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Lund B, Wesolowska-Andersen A, Lausen B, Borst L, Rasmussen KK, Müller K, Klungland H, Gupta R, Schmiegelow K. Host genome variations and risk of infections during induction treatment for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Eur J Haematol 2014; 92:321-30. [DOI: 10.1111/ejh.12243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bendik Lund
- Department of Paediatrics; St. Olavs Hospital; Trondheim Norway
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | | | - Birgitte Lausen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Louise Borst
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Kirsten Kørup Rasmussen
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Klaus Müller
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Helge Klungland
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health; Faculty of Medicine; Norwegian University of Science and Technology; Trondheim Norway
| | - Ramneek Gupta
- Center for Biological Sequence Analysis; Technical University of Denmark; Lyngby Denmark
| | - Kjeld Schmiegelow
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine; The University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Copenhagen Denmark
- The Institute of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Paediatrics; The Faculty of Health Sciences; The University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
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Valvular dystrophy associated filamin A mutations reveal a new role of its first repeats in small-GTPase regulation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2013; 1843:234-44. [PMID: 24200678 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Filamin A (FlnA) is a ubiquitous actin binding protein which anchors various transmembrane proteins to the cell cytoskeleton and provides a scaffold to many cytoplasmic signaling proteins involved in actin cytoskeleton remodeling in response to mechanical stress and cytokines stimulation. Although the vast majority of FlnA binding partners interact with the carboxy-terminal immunoglobulin like (Igl) repeats of FlnA, little is known on the role of the amino-N-terminal repeats. Here, using cardiac mitral valvular dystrophy associated FlnA-G288R and P637Q mutations located in the N-terminal Igl repeat 1 and 4 respectively as a model, we identified a new role of FlnA N-terminal repeats in small Rho-GTPases regulation. Using FlnA-deficient melanoma and HT1080 cell lines as expression systems we showed that FlnA mutations reduce cell spreading and migration capacities. Furthermore, we defined a signaling network in which FlnA mutations alter the balance between RhoA and Rac1 GTPases activities in favor of RhoA and provided evidences for a role of the Rac1 specific GTPase activating protein FilGAP in this process. Together our work ascribed a new role to the N-terminal repeats of FlnA in Small GTPases regulation and supports a conceptual framework for the role of FlnA mutations in cardiac valve diseases centered around signaling molecules regulating cellular actin cytoskeleton in response to mechanical stress.
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32
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Loirand G, Sauzeau V, Pacaud P. Small G Proteins in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological and Pathological Aspects. Physiol Rev 2013; 93:1659-720. [DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00021.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Small G proteins exist in eukaryotes from yeast to human and constitute the Ras superfamily comprising more than 100 members. This superfamily is structurally classified into five families: the Ras, Rho, Rab, Arf, and Ran families that control a wide variety of cell and biological functions through highly coordinated regulation processes. Increasing evidence has accumulated to identify small G proteins and their regulators as key players of the cardiovascular physiology that control a large panel of cardiac (heart rhythm, contraction, hypertrophy) and vascular functions (angiogenesis, vascular permeability, vasoconstriction). Indeed, basal Ras protein activity is required for homeostatic functions in physiological conditions, but sustained overactivation of Ras proteins or spatiotemporal dysregulation of Ras signaling pathways has pathological consequences in the cardiovascular system. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress in our understanding of the role of small G proteins and their regulators in cardiovascular physiology and pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervaise Loirand
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Pierre Pacaud
- INSERM, UMR S1087; University of Nantes; and CHU Nantes, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
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Jacquemet G, Morgan MR, Byron A, Humphries JD, Choi CK, Chen CS, Caswell PT, Humphries MJ. Rac1 is deactivated at integrin activation sites through an IQGAP1-filamin-A-RacGAP1 pathway. J Cell Sci 2013; 126:4121-35. [PMID: 23843620 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.121988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration makes a fundamental contribution to both normal physiology and disease pathogenesis. Integrin engagement with extracellular ligands spatially controls, via the cyclical activation and deactivation of the small GTPase Rac1, the dynamic membrane protrusion and cytoskeletal reorganization events that are required for directional migration. Although the pathways that control integrin-mediated Rac1 activation are reasonably well defined, the mechanisms that are responsible for switching off activity are poorly understood. Here, proteomic analysis of activated integrin-associated complexes suggests filamin-A and IQ-motif-containing GTPase-activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) as candidates that link β1 integrin to Rac1. siRNA-mediated knockdown of either filamin-A or IQGAP1 induced high, dysregulated Rac1 activity during cell spreading on fibronectin. Using immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry, filamin-A and IQGAP1 were shown to be part of a complex that is recruited to active β1 integrin. Mass spectrometric analysis of individual filamin-A, IQGAP1 and Rac1 pull-downs and biochemical analysis, identified RacGAP1 as a novel IQGAP1 binding partner. Further immunoprecipitation and immunocytochemistry analyses demonstrated that RacGAP1 is recruited to IQGAP1 and active β1 integrin, and that suppression of RacGAP1 expression triggered elevated Rac1 activity during spreading on fibronectin. Consistent with these findings, reduced expression of filamin-A, IQGAP1 or RacGAP1 triggered unconstrained membrane protrusion and disrupted directional cell migration on fibrillar extracellular matrices. These findings suggest a model whereby integrin engagement, followed by filamin-A, IQGAP1 and RacGAP1 recruitment, deactivates Rac1 to constrain its activity spatially and thereby coordinate directional cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Jacquemet
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, UK
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Popovic M, Rensen-de Leeuw M, Rehmann H. Selectivity of CDC25 homology domain-containing guanine nucleotide exchange factors. J Mol Biol 2013; 425:2782-94. [PMID: 23659792 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2013.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2013] [Accepted: 04/27/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Ras family of small G-proteins plays an essential role in the regulation of a variety of signal transduction processes, ranging from cell cycle control to the regulation of exocytosis. Signalling by the Ras G-proteins is initiated by the CDC25 homology domain (CDC25-HD) containing guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs); each GEF, with its specific selectivity profile towards G-proteins, commonly acts on only a small subset of the Ras family members. Thus, GEFs play a pivotal part in establishing the activation of the downstream signalling routes. The structural basis for the establishment of selectivity in the GEF-G-protein interaction is only partially understood, and several controversies on the selectivity of GEFs are discussed in the literature. In the present study, we undertook a systematic approach to determine the selectivity of CDC25-HD for members of the Ras family. We generated a data set of 126 pairs using a standardised in vitro approach encompassing purified recombinant proteins, and a comprehensive mutational study analysed the basis of the selectivity. Together, these data highlight the distinct selectivity of various GEFs and allow for predictions of untested combinations of GEFs and G-proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Popovic
- Molecular Cancer Research, Centre of Biomedical Genetics and Cancer Genomics Centre, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Yue J, Huhn S, Shen Z. Complex roles of filamin-A mediated cytoskeleton network in cancer progression. Cell Biosci 2013; 3:7. [PMID: 23388158 PMCID: PMC3573937 DOI: 10.1186/2045-3701-3-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Filamin-A (FLNA), also called actin-binding protein 280 (ABP-280), was originally identified as a non-muscle actin binding protein, which organizes filamentous actin into orthogonal networks and stress fibers. Filamin-A also anchors various transmembrane proteins to the actin cytoskeleton and provides a scaffold for a wide range of cytoplasmic and nuclear signaling proteins. Intriguingly, several studies have revealed that filamin-A associates with multiple non-cytoskeletal proteins of diverse function and is involved in several unrelated pathways. Mutations and aberrant expression of filamin-A have been reported in human genetic diseases and several types of cancer. In this review, we discuss the implications of filamin-A in cancer progression, including metastasis and DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyin Yue
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903, USA.
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Su W, Mruk DD, Lie PPY, Lui WY, Cheng CY. Filamin A is a regulator of blood-testis barrier assembly during postnatal development in the rat testis. Endocrinology 2012; 153:5023-35. [PMID: 22872576 PMCID: PMC3512009 DOI: 10.1210/en.2012-1286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The blood-testis barrier (BTB) is an important ultrastructure in the testis. A delay in its assembly during postnatal development leads to meiotic arrest. Also, a disruption of the BTB by toxicants in adult rats leads to a failure in spermatogonial differentiation. However, the regulation of BTB assembly remains unknown. Herein, filamin A, an actin filament cross-linker that is known to maintain and regulate cytoskeleton structure and function in other epithelia, was shown to be highly expressed during the assembly of Sertoli cell BTB in vitro and postnatal development of BTB in vivo, perhaps being used to maintain the actin filament network at the BTB. A knockdown of filamin A by RNA interference was found to partially perturb the Sertoli cell tight junction (TJ) permeability barrier both in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, this down-regulating effect on the TJ barrier function after the knockdown of filamin A was associated with a mis-localization of both TJ and basal ectoplasmic specialization proteins. Filamin A knockdown also induced a disorganization of the actin filament network in Sertoli cells in vitro and in vivo. Collectively, these findings illustrate that filamin A regulates BTB assembly by recruiting these proteins to the microenvironment in the seminiferous epithelium to serve as the building blocks. In short, filamin A participates in BTB assembly by regulating protein recruitment during postnatal development in the rat testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Su
- Population Council, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Nallapalli RK, Ibrahim MX, Zhou AX, Bandaru S, Sunkara SN, Redfors B, Pazooki D, Zhang Y, Borén J, Cao Y, Bergo MO, Akyürek LM. Targeting filamin A reduces K-RAS-induced lung adenocarcinomas and endothelial response to tumor growth in mice. Mol Cancer 2012; 11:50. [PMID: 22857000 PMCID: PMC3441416 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many human cancer cells express filamin A (FLNA), an actin-binding structural protein that interacts with a diverse set of cell signaling proteins, but little is known about the biological importance of FLNA in tumor development. FLNA is also expressed in endothelial cells, which may be important for tumor angiogenesis. In this study, we defined the impact of targeting Flna in cancer and endothelial cells on the development of tumors in vivo and on the proliferation of fibroblasts in vitro. Methods First, we used a Cre-adenovirus to simultaneously activate the expression of oncogenic K-RAS and inactivate the expression of Flna in the lung and in fibroblasts. Second, we subcutaneously injected mouse fibrosarcoma cells into mice lacking Flna in endothelial cells. Results Knockout of Flna significantly reduced K-RAS–induced lung tumor formation and the proliferation of oncogenic K-RAS–expressing fibroblasts, and attenuated the activation of the downstream signaling molecules ERK and AKT. Genetic deletion of endothelial FLNA in mice did not impact cardiovascular development; however, knockout of Flna in endothelial cells reduced subcutaneous fibrosarcoma growth and vascularity within tumors. Conclusions We conclude that FLNA is important for lung tumor growth and that endothelial Flna impacts local tumor growth. The data shed new light on the biological importance of FLNA and suggest that targeting this protein might be useful in cancer therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh K Nallapalli
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, SE-405 30, Göteborg, Sweden
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Su W, Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Filamin A: A regulator of blood-testis barrier assembly during post-natal development. SPERMATOGENESIS 2012; 2:73-78. [PMID: 22670216 PMCID: PMC3364794 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.20223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Filamins are a family of actin-binding proteins composed of filamin A, B and C. Besides of their ability to induce perpendicular branching of F-actin filaments via their actin binding domains near the N-terminus, filamins can regulate multiple cellular functions because of their unique ability to recruit more than 90 protein binding partners to their primary sequences which are having highly diversified cellular functions. However, this family of proteins has not been examined in the testis until recently. Herein, we highlight recent findings in the field regarding the role of these proteins in cell epithelia, and based on recent data in the testis regarding their role on spermatogenesis, this review provides the basis for future functional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Su
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research; Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; China Medical University; Shen Yang, China
| | - Dolores D. Mruk
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research; Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
| | - C. Yan Cheng
- The Mary M. Wohlford Laboratory for Male Contraceptive Research; Center for Biomedical Research; The Population Council; New York, NY USA
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Filamin-A-Related Myxomatous Mitral Valve Dystrophy: Genetic, Echocardiographic and Functional Aspects. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2011; 4:748-56. [DOI: 10.1007/s12265-011-9308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2011] [Accepted: 07/10/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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