1
|
Xia M, Yuan Y, Fang D, Tan X, Zhao F, Li X, Gao P, Zhou Z, Nan T, Xin Z, Li X, Guan R. Blocking TSP1 Ameliorates Diabetes Mellitus-Induced Erectile Dysfunction by Inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD Pathway. World J Mens Health 2024; 42:42.e73. [PMID: 39344111 DOI: 10.5534/wjmh.240065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 10/01/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the role and mechanism of thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) in the development of fibrosis in diabetes mellitus-induced erectile dysfunction (DMED). MATERIALS AND METHODS DMED was induced by intraperitoneal streptozotocin injection. All rats were categorized into three groups: control group (n=8), DMED group (n=8) and DMED+Leu-Ser-Lys-Leu (LSKL) group (n=8). After eight weeks following the induction of diabetes mellitus, the DMED+LSKL group was subjected to intraperitoneal injections of LSKL twice weekly for four weeks. To measure intracavernous pressure (ICP), a 25-gauge needle connected to a PE tube containing heparin was inserted into the corpus cavernosum (CC). Additionally, a needle was inserted into the carotid artery to measure mean arterial pressure (MAP). Sirius red staining and Masson trichrome staining were utilized to assess CC fibrosis. Moreover, high glucose (HG)-induced CC smooth muscle cells (CCSMCs) and CC fibroblasts (CCFs) were treated with or without LSKL. Western blotting and immunofluorescence were utilized to assess the phosphorylation and expression of related proteins. RESULTS Compared with those in the control group, the ratio of the maximum ICP to the MAP markedly decreased in the DMED group, as did the ratio of smooth muscle to collagen and the ratio of collagen I to collagen III. These ratios were greater in the DMED+LSKL group than in the DMED group. TSP1 was highly expressed in the CC of DMED rats. In vitro experiments indicated that TSP1 expression significantly increased in the medium of CCSMCs and CCFs cultured in HG media and that the TGF-β pathway was activated in CCSMCs. Collagen IV was overexpressed in CCSMCs, indicating severe fibrosis was severe. Adding LSKL or knocking TSP1 down can prevent the activation of TGF-β signaling, as well as the overexpression of collagen IV in CCSMCs promoted by TSP1 secreted from CCSMCs itself or CCFs. CONCLUSIONS TSP1 expression is increased in the CC of DMED rats. HG-induced TSP1 secretion via autocrine signaling from CCSMCs and/or paracrine signaling from CCFs to accelerate penile fibrosis. LSKL, an antagonist of TSP1, could improve erectile dysfunction by inhibiting the TGF-β/SMAD pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mancheng Xia
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yiming Yuan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Dong Fang
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Tan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Fangzhou Zhao
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xinfei Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Pengchao Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhuo Zhou
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China
| | - Tiegui Nan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xin
- Male Reproductive and Sexual Medicine, Department of Urology, the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
- Institute of Urology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China.
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Urology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Institution of Urology, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urogenital Diseases (Male) Molecular Diagnosis and Treatment Center, Beijing, China
- National Urological Cancer Center, Beijing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nam DE, Park SJ, Omole S, Um E, Hakami RM, Hahn YS. Activated Gab1 drives hepatocyte proliferation and anti-apoptosis in liver fibrosis via potential involvement of the HGF/c-Met signaling axis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0306345. [PMID: 38935609 PMCID: PMC11210754 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0306345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are caused by hepatic viral infection, chemicals, and metabolic stress. The protein Grb2-associated binder 1 (Gab1) binds to various growth factor receptors, and triggers cell differentiation/survival signaling pathways. To identify signaling molecules involved in the progression of liver diseases, we performed reverse-phase protein microarray (RPMA)-based screening of hepatocytes isolated from humanized mice after acute HCV infection. Acute viral infection in humanized liver mice significantly decreased the level of hepatocyte p-Gab1. Moreover, hepatoma cells upon HCV infection decreased Gab1 mRNA at later times of infection (D3 to D5) and p-Gab1 level was inversely related to the production of TGF-β. In contrast, the level of p-Gab1 was increased in CCL4-induced fibrotic liver. Hepatoma cells showed elevation of p-Gab1, along with an increase in STAT3 and ERK activation, upon treatment with HGF (ligand of HGF receptor/c-Met) and CCL4. In Gab1 knockdown hepatoma cells, cell proliferative signaling activity was reduced but the level of activated caspase-3 was increased. These findings suggest that hepatocyte Gab1 expression may play a role in promoting liver fibrosis progression by triggering ERK activation and inhibiting apoptosis. It implies that the Gab1-mediated signaling pathway would be a promising therapeutic target to treat chronic liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-eun Nam
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Soo-Jeung Park
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Samson Omole
- School of Systems Biology, and Center for Infectious Disease Research, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Eugene Um
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ramin M. Hakami
- School of Systems Biology, and Center for Infectious Disease Research, George Mason University, Manassas, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Young S. Hahn
- Beirne B. Carter Center for Immunology Research, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Deng Z, Fan T, Xiao C, Tian H, Zheng Y, Li C, He J. TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:61. [PMID: 38514615 PMCID: PMC10958066 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01764-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine expressed by almost every tissue and cell type. The signal transduction of TGF-β can stimulate diverse cellular responses and is particularly critical to embryonic development, wound healing, tissue homeostasis, and immune homeostasis in health. The dysfunction of TGF-β can play key roles in many diseases, and numerous targeted therapies have been developed to rectify its pathogenic activity. In the past decades, a large number of studies on TGF-β signaling have been carried out, covering a broad spectrum of topics in health, disease, and therapeutics. Thus, a comprehensive overview of TGF-β signaling is required for a general picture of the studies in this field. In this review, we retrace the research history of TGF-β and introduce the molecular mechanisms regarding its biosynthesis, activation, and signal transduction. We also provide deep insights into the functions of TGF-β signaling in physiological conditions as well as in pathological processes. TGF-β-targeting therapies which have brought fresh hope to the treatment of relevant diseases are highlighted. Through the summary of previous knowledge and recent updates, this review aims to provide a systematic understanding of TGF-β signaling and to attract more attention and interest to this research area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziqin Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Tao Fan
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chu Xiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - He Tian
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Yujia Zheng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Chunxiang Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| | - Jie He
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chen L, Fukuda N, Ueno T, Abe M, Matsumoto T. Development of multifunctional pyrrole-imidazole polyamides that increase hepatocyte growth factor and suppress transforming growth factor-β1. J Pharmacol Sci 2024; 154:1-8. [PMID: 38081679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2023.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The DNA recognition peptide compounds pyrrole-imidazole (PI) polyamides bind to the minor groove and can block the binding of transcription factors to target sequences. To develop more PI polyamides as potential treatments for fibrotic diseases, including chronic renal failure, we developed multifunctional PI polyamides that increase hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and decrease transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1. METHODS We designed seven PI polyamides (HGF-1 to HGF-7) that bind to the chicken ovalbumin upstream promoter transcription factor-1 (COUP-TF1) binding site of the HGF promoter sequence. We selected PI polyamides that increase HGF and suppress TGF-β1 in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). FINDINGS Gel shift assays showed that HGF-2 and HGF-4 bound the appropriate dsDNAs. HGF-2 and HGF-4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1 mRNA expression in HDFs stimulated by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. HGF-2 and HGF-4 significantly inhibited the TGF-β1 protein expression in HDFs with siRNA targeting HGF, indicating that HGF-2 and HGF-4 directly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1. CONCLUSION The designed and synthetic HGF PI polyamides targeting the HGF promoter, which increased the expression of HGF and suppressed the expression of TGF-β, will be a potential practical medicine for fibrotic diseases, including progressive renal diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lan Chen
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400000, China
| | - Noboru Fukuda
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan; Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Takahiro Ueno
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Masanori Abe
- Division of Nephrology, Hypertension and Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| | - Taro Matsumoto
- Division of Cell Regeneration and Transplantation, Department of Functional Morphology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 173-8610, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sugita K, Yano K, Matsukubo M, Iwamoto Y, Ogata M, Takada L, Kedoin C, Murakami M, Harumatsu T, Onishi S, Kawano T, Muto M, Kumagai K, Ido A, Kaji T, Ieiri S. Potential mechanisms underlying the effect of hepatocyte growth factor on liver injury in short bowel syndrome model rats. Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 40:8. [PMID: 37999791 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05593-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the autophagy associated with apoptosis in hepatic damage in the short bowel syndrome rat model. METHODS SD rats underwent jugular vein catheterization for continuous total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and 90% small bowel resection. Animals were divided into two groups: TPN plus SBS (Control group) or TPN plus SBS plus intravenous administration of HGF (HGF group). On day 7, the rats were harvested, and hepatocellular injury was evaluated. RESULTS In an SBS rat model, hepatic steatosis and lobular inflammation were histologically suppressed in the HGF group (p < 0.01). The expression of tumor necrosis factor-α in the HGF group tend to be higher than that in the control group (p = 0.13). The gene expression of transforming Growth Factor-β in the HGF group was suppressed compared to the control group (p < 0.01). HGF treatment may have an antiapoptotic effect via the intrinsic pathway by caspase 9. Protein expressions of Rubicon (p = 0.03) and p62 (p < 0.01) in the HGF group were found to have increased compared to those in the control group. CONCLUSION The inhibitory effect of HGF on hepatic steatosis remains unclear, and further studies focusing on the mechanisms of fat accumulation are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsukubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masato Ogata
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Lynne Takada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Chihiro Kedoin
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masakazu Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kotaro Kumagai
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Akio Ido
- Digestive and Lifestyle Diseases, Department of Human and Environmental Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University Graduate, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, 890-8520, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li S, Hu X, Yu S, Yi P, Chen R, Huang Z, Huang Y, Huang Y, Zhou R, Fan X. Hepatic stellate cell-released CXCL1 aggravates HCC malignant behaviors through the MIR4435-2HG/miR-506-3p/TGFB1 axis. Cancer Sci 2022; 114:504-520. [PMID: 36169092 PMCID: PMC9899617 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation is a critical event in the development of hepatic fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). By the release of soluble cytokines, chemokines, and chemotaxis, HSCs affect HCC cell phenotypes through a complex tumor microenvironment. In this study, weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to identify the TGF-β signaling pathway as a key signaling pathway in Hep3B cells cultured in HSC conditioned medium. MIR4435-2HG is a hub lncRNA associated with the TGF-β signaling pathway and HSC activation. HSC-condition medium (CM) culture induced HCC cell malignant behaviors, which were partially reversed by MIR4435-2HG silencing. miR-506-3p directly bound to MIR4435-2HG and the 3'UTR of TGFB1. Similarly, overexpression of miR-506-3p also attenuated HSC-CM-induced malignant behavior of HCC cells. In HSC-CM cultured HCC cells, the effects of MIR4435-2HG knockdown on TGFB1 expression and HCC cell phenotypes were partially reversed by miR-506-3p inhibition. HSCs affected HCC cell phenotypes by releasing CXCL1. In an orthotopic xenotransplanted tumor model of HCC cells plus HSCs in mice, CXCR2 knockdown in HCC cells significantly inhibited tumorigenesis, which was partially reversed by MIR4435-2HG overexpression in HCC cells. In HCC tissue samples, the levels of CXCL1, TGF-β1, and MIR4435-2HG were upregulated, while miR-506-3p expression was downregulated. In conclusion, HSC-released CXCL1 aggravated HCC cell malignant behaviors through the MIR4435-2HG/miR-506-3p/TGFB1 axis. In addition to CXCL1, the MIR4435-2HG/miR-506-3p/TGFB1 axis might also be the underlying target for HCC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaling Li
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xingwang Hu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Songman Yu
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Panpan Yi
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ruochan Chen
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zebing Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yan Huang
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yun Huang
- Department of Surgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Rongrong Zhou
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Disease, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dong C, Fang X, Xiong J, Zhang J, Gan H, Song C, Wang L. Simultaneous Visualization of Dual Intercellular Signal Transductions via SERS Imaging of Membrane Proteins Dimerization on Single Cells. ACS NANO 2022; 16:14055-14065. [PMID: 35969886 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c03914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The visualization of protein dimerization on live cells is an urgent need and of vital importance for facile monitoring the signal transduction during intercellular communication. Herein, a highly sensitive and specific SERS strategy for simultaneously imaging dual homodimerizations of membrane proteins on single live cells was proposed by networking of AuNPs-based dual-recognition probes (dual-RPs) and SERS tags via proximity ligation-assisted catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA). The dual-RPs were prepared by comodifying hairpin-structured ssDNAs H1-Met and H1-TβRII on 50 nm AuNPs and two SERS tags for membrane proteins Met and TβRII were prepared respectively by labeling their corresponding Raman molecules and hairpin-structured single-stranded DNAs H2-Met or H2-TβRII on 15 nm AuNPs. The membrane proteins were ligated proximally by specific aptamers, and the dimerizations of proteins resulted in the proximity ligation-assisted CHA-based networking of dual-RPs and SERS tags to form 15Au-50Au network nanostructures with significantly enhanced SERS effect. The SERS strategy for visualizing the membrane protein dimerization was established and the good performance on simultaneously SERS imaging dual dimerizations of membrane proteins (i.e., Met-Met and TβRII-TβRII) was confirmed. Furthermore, the membrane protein dimerization-based signaling pathways between cancer cells and stromal cells or stem cells were observed by SERS, which indicates that the proposed SERS strategy is a good method for high-sensitivity monitoring of membrane proteins dimerizations-based multiple intercellular signal transductions in a natural and complex cellular microenvironment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xinyue Fang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingrong Xiong
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongyu Gan
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunyuan Song
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Jiangsu National Synergistic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhang M, Liu H, Shi M, Zhang T, Lu W, Yang S, Cui Q, Li Z. Potential Mechanisms of the Impact of Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene-Modified Tendon Stem Cells on Tendon Healing. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:659389. [PMID: 34222233 PMCID: PMC8250428 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic impact of stem cells is potentially largely attributable to secretion of exosomes and soluble factors. The present study evaluates the impact of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-expressing tendon stem cells (TSCs) on tendon healing in a rat model. Patellar tendon TSCs were isolated and underwent transfection with lentiviral vectors containing HGF or green fluorescent protein (GFP) genes. In vivo, immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 1 week postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell-treated groups exhibited higher numbers of CD163+ M2 monocytes and IL-10+ cells (anti-inflammatory), and lower numbers of CCR7+ M1 monocytes and IL-6+ as well as COX-2+ cells (pro-inflammatory). Effects were most pronounced in the HGF-expressing TSCs (TSCs + HGF) treated group. Histology ± immunohistochemistry of tendons sampled 4 and 8 weeks postsurgery demonstrated that all stem cell-treated groups exhibited more ordered collagen fiber arrangement and lower levels of COLIII, α-SMA, TGF-β1, and fibronectin (proteins relevant to fibroscarring). Effects were most pronounced in the TSCs + HGF-treated group. For the in vitro study, isolated tendon fibroblasts pretreated with TGF-β1 to mimic the in vivo microenvironment of tendon injury were indirectly cocultured with TSCs, TSCs + GFP, or TSCs + HGF using a transwell system. Western blotting demonstrated that all stem cell types decreased TGF-β1-induced increases in fibroblast levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA, concomitant with decreased activation of major TGF-β1 signaling pathways (p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, but not Smad2/3). This effect was most pronounced for TSCs + HGF, which also decreased the TGF-β1-induced increase in activation of the Smad2/3 signaling pathway. The presence of specific inhibitors of these pathways during fibroblast TGF-β1 stimulation also attenuated increases in levels of COX-2, COLIII, and α-SMA. In conclusion, TSCs + HGF, which exhibit HGF overexpression, may promoting tendon healing via decreasing inflammation and fibrosis, perhaps partly via inhibiting TGF-β1-induced signaling. These findings identify a novel potential therapeutic strategy for tendon injuries, warranting additional research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhao Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hengchen Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Manyu Shi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjun Lu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shulong Yang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Qingbo Cui
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhaozhu Li
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yin F, Wang WY, Mao LC, Cai QQ, Jiang WH. Effect of Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Transfected with HGF on TGF-β1/Smad Signaling Pathway in Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Fibrosis Rats. Stem Cells Dev 2020; 29:1395-1406. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2020.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yin
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Ying Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Li-Cui Mao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi-Qi Cai
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wen-Hua Jiang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Basic Medical College of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xu X, Khoong YM, Gu S, Huang X, Ren JY, Gu YH, Li H, Gao Y, Wang Z, Zan T. Investigating the potential of LSKL peptide as a novel hypertrophic scar treatment. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 124:109824. [PMID: 31972355 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.109824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HTS) is a common pathologic dermal fibroproliferative disease after skin injury. Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) plays a central role in HTS formation and development. Thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) activates latent TGF-β by binding to latency-associated peptide-β on TGF-β structure. So far, LSKL peptide was shown to selectively antagonize TSP-1. In this study, TSP-1 was first confirmed to be highly expressed in HTS. LSKL peptide was proven to inhibit the overexpression of extracellular matrix and contractile ability of HTS fibroblasts. In vivo, LSKL could attenuate the thickness of HTS, distortion of collagen alignment and fibrogenesis. Results also demonstrated that LSKL peptide not only remarkably attenuated cell proliferation and migration, but also induced cell apoptosis of HTS fibroblasts. Western blot analysis further revealed that LSKL peptide significantly suppressed the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT, and mTOR, while not affecting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and MEK/ERK. These findings suggested that LSKL might be a promising anti-fibrosis agent to HTS through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwen Xu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi Min Khoong
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Shuchen Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Jie-Yi Ren
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yi-Hui Gu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Haizhou Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Yashan Gao
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| | - Tao Zan
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200011, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Murphy-Ullrich JE, Suto MJ. Thrombospondin-1 regulation of latent TGF-β activation: A therapeutic target for fibrotic disease. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:28-43. [PMID: 29288716 PMCID: PMC6015530 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 12/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) is a central player in fibrotic disease. Clinical trials with global inhibitors of TGF-β have been disappointing, suggesting that a more targeted approach is warranted. Conversion of the latent precursor to the biologically active form of TGF-β represents a novel approach to selectively modulating TGF-β in disease, as mechanisms employed to activate latent TGF-β are typically cell, tissue, and/or disease specific. In this review, we will discuss the role of the matricellular protein, thrombospondin 1 (TSP-1), in regulation of latent TGF-β activation and the use of an antagonist of TSP-1 mediated TGF-β activation in a number of diverse fibrotic diseases. In particular, we will discuss the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway in fibrotic complications of diabetes, liver fibrosis, and in multiple myeloma. We will also discuss emerging evidence for a role for TSP-1 in arterial remodeling, biomechanical modulation of TGF-β activity, and in immune dysfunction. As TSP-1 expression is upregulated by factors induced in fibrotic disease, targeting the TSP-1/TGF-β pathway potentially represents a more selective approach to controlling TGF-β activity in disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joanne E Murphy-Ullrich
- Departments of Pathology, Cell Developmental and Integrative Biology, and Ophthalmology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-0019, United States.
| | - Mark J Suto
- Southern Research, 2000 Ninth Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35205, United States
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The role of the NLRP3 inflammasome and the activation of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of chronic viral hepatic inflammation. Cytokine 2018; 110:389-396. [PMID: 29803661 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2018.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic viral hepatitis is a prevalent disease with major health implications. Its underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are not fully understood. IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome involvement has been suggested in recent years, from in vitro data and data from peripheral blood samples. Therefore, we investigated IL-1β and the NLRP3 inflammasome in liver tissues in an effort to clarify their role in the pathophysiology of chronic viral hepatitis. METHODS We studied liver biopsies from patients with a new diagnosis of either chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and chronic hepatitis C (CHC) or patients with chronic hepatitis B in remission (CHB-rem). The biopsies were separated in two parts. The first part was sent to histology to determine the grade of inflammation and fibrosis. From the second part, RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA used in semi-quantitative Real-Time PCR to measure the levels of IL1B, CASP1, NLRP3, ASC and IL1RA. The cell lines used in the in vitro experiments were Huh7.5, LX2 and THP-1 in variety of combinations of monocultures, co-cultures and triple cultures with one of the cell lines infected with the JFH-1 HCV clone. From the cell cultures RNA was extracted and converted to cDNA. For cell lines, we focused in the expression of IL1B and NLRP3. RESULTS The expression of IL1B, CASP1 and NLRP3 were found significantly different between our groups (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 and p = 0.038, respectively). CHB patients displayed significantly higher IL1B and CASP1 mRNA levels compared to both CHB-rem and CHC patients. IL1B expression significantly correlates with liver biochemical data in CHB patients (AST: p = 0.006, r = 0.457; ALT p = 0.002, r = 0.497). Finally, mRNA levels of IL1B in CHB patients significantly correlate with the degree of inflammation (p = 0.016) but not the stage of fibrosis (p = 0.362). Interestingly, the relative expression of IL1B in triple culture experiments in vitro was below of 1.5-fold, suggesting no activation of IL1B. Moreover, no activation of NLRP3 was demonstrated in all investigated in vitro conditions. CONCLUSION IL-1β might play an important role in the pathogenesis of chronic hepatic inflammation from HBV, but not from HCV.
Collapse
|
13
|
Wang LS, Wang H, Zhang QL, Yang ZJ, Kong FX, Wu CT. Hepatocyte Growth Factor Gene Therapy for Ischemic Diseases. Hum Gene Ther 2018; 29:413-423. [DOI: 10.1089/hum.2017.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Li-Sheng Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- School of Nursing, Jilin University, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Qing-Lin Zhang
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Jian Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Xuan Kong
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| | - Chu-Tse Wu
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Radiobiology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kim D, Lee S, Lim JY, Kwon S. Characteristics and Responses of Human Vocal Fold Cells in a Vibrational Culture Model. Laryngoscope 2018; 128:E258-E264. [PMID: 29392734 DOI: 10.1002/lary.27113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS This study was conducted to provide a vibrational culture model to investigate the effects of mechanical environments on cellular functions, and elucidate physiological characteristics of two different types of cells in vocal folds under static and vibrational conditions. STUDY DESIGN In vitro study of human vocal fold fibroblasts (hVFFs) and human macula flava stellate cells (hMF-SCs). METHODS hVFFs and hMF-SCs were exposed to a 2-second-on/2-second-off, 205 Hz vibration regime for 4 hours by using a vibrational culture model. We compared cell morphology, cell viability, and gene expression in extracellular matrix-related components, growth factors, and differentiation markers under static and vibratory conditions. RESULTS hVFFs and hMF-SCs differed in their morphologies and gene expression levels under static condition. The applied vibration did not induce changes in morphology and viability of either cell type. However, gene expression levels changed in both cell types in response to vibration; in particular, hMF-SCs exhibited a more sensitive response to vibration than that shown by hVFFs. CONCLUSIONS The vibrational culture model developed in this study enabled us to investigate the effects of the applied vibration on two types of vocal fold resident cells. As a result, we could demonstrate that hVFFs and hMF-SCs exhibited distinctively different characteristics under vibrational conditions. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE NA. Laryngoscope, 128:E258-E264, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjoo Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Songyi Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Inha University College of Medicine, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Liu H, Wang X, Han R, Zuo K, Yuan X, Li Y, Zhou J, Yan L, Chu Y. Isolation and molecular cloning of hepatocyte growth factor from guinea pig (gHGF), and expression of truncated variant of gHGF with improved anti-fibrotic activity in Escherichia coli. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 106:908-916. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 08/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
16
|
Li H, Venkatraman L, Narmada BC, White JK, Yu H, Tucker-Kellogg L. Computational analysis reveals the coupling between bistability and the sign of a feedback loop in a TGF-β1 activation model. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2017; 11:136. [PMID: 29322934 PMCID: PMC5763301 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-017-0508-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bistable behaviors are prevalent in cell signaling and can be modeled by ordinary differential equations (ODEs) with kinetic parameters. A bistable switch has recently been found to regulate the activation of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the context of liver fibrosis, and an ordinary differential equation (ODE) model was published showing that the net activation of TGF-β1 depends on the balance between two antagonistic sub-pathways. RESULTS Through modeling the effects of perturbations that affect both sub-pathways, we revealed that bistability is coupled with the signs of feedback loops in the model. We extended the model to include calcium and Krüppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), both regulators of Thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) and Plasmin (PLS). Increased levels of extracellular calcium, which alters the TSP1-PLS balance, would cause high levels of TGF-β1, resembling a fibrotic state. KLF2, which suppresses production of TSP1 and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI1), would eradicate bistability and preclude the fibrotic steady-state. Finally, the loop PLS - TGF-β1 - PAI1 had previously been reported as negative feedback, but the model suggested a stronger indirect effect of PLS down-regulating PAI1 to produce positive (double-negative) feedback in a fibrotic state. Further simulations showed that activation of KLF2 was able to restore negative feedback in the PLS - TGF-β1 - PAI1 loop. CONCLUSIONS Using the TGF-β1 activation model as a case study, we showed that external factors such as calcium or KLF2 can induce or eradicate bistability, accompanied by a switch in the sign of a feedback loop (PLS - TGF-β1 - PAI1) in the model. The coupling between bistability and positive/negative feedback suggests an alternative way of characterizing a dynamical system and its biological implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huipeng Li
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Lakshmi Venkatraman
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
| | - Balakrishnan Chakrapani Narmada
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669 Singapore
| | - Jacob K. White
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Hanry Yu
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117411 Singapore
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117456 Singapore
- Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117597 Singapore
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, 138602 Singapore
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138669 Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
| | - Lisa Tucker-Kellogg
- Computational and Systems Biology Program, Singapore-MIT Alliance, Singapore, 117576 Singapore
- Center for Computational Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857 Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lee S, Kim Y, Shin HS, Lim JY. Comparative characteristics of laryngeal-resident mesenchymal stromal cell populations isolated from distinct sites in the rat larynx. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:200. [PMID: 28962587 PMCID: PMC5622476 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0650-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 08/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although tissue-resident mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in the larynx have been described, their distinct characteristics and roles have not been thoroughly explored. Therefore, we investigated stem cell characteristics and regenerative potentials of single clonal populations isolated from rat epiglottic mucosa (EM), lamina propria (LP), and macula flava (MF) to determine whether they comprised laryngeal tissue-resident stem cells. METHODS Single clonal laryngeal cells were isolated following microdissection of the EM, LP, and MF from the rat larynx. Several clonal populations from the three laryngeal subsites were selected and expanded in vitro. We compared the stem cell characteristics of self-renewal and differentiation potential, as well as the cell surface phenotypes and gene expression profiles, of laryngeal MSC-like cells to that of bone marrow MSCs (BM-MSCs). We also investigated the regenerative potential of the laryngeal cells in a radiation-induced laryngeal injury animal model. RESULTS Self-renewing, clonal cell populations were obtained from rat EM, LP, and MF. EM-derived and LP-derived clonal cells had fibroblast-like features, while MF-resident clonal cells had stellate cell morphology and lipid droplets containing vitamin A. All laryngeal clonal cell populations had MSC-like cell surface marker expression (CD29, CD44, CD73, and CD90) and the potential to differentiate into bone and cartilage cell lineages; EM-derived and MF-derived cells, but not LP-derived cells, were also able to differentiate into adipocytes. Clonal cells isolated from the laryngeal subsites exhibited differential extracellular matrix-related gene expression. We found that the mesenchymal and stellate cell-related genes desmin and nestin were enriched in laryngeal MSC-like cells relative to BM-MSCs (P < 0.001). Growth differentiation factor 3 (GDF3) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) transcript and protein levels were higher in MF-derived cells than in other laryngeal populations (P < 0.001). At 4 weeks after transplantation, laryngeal MF-derived and EM-derived cells contributed to laryngeal epithelial and/or glandular regeneration in response to radiation injury. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that cell populations with MSC characteristics reside in the EM, LP, and MF of the larynx. Laryngeal MSC-like cells contribute to regeneration of the larynx following injury; further investigation is needed to clarify the differential roles of the populations in laryngeal tissue regeneration, as well as the clinical implications for the treatment of laryngeal disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Songyi Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeseulmi Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Shin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Yol Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 211 Eonju-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06273, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hirata M, Tajima H, Miyashita T, Miyata T, Nakanuma S, Makino I, Hayashi H, Oyama K, Takamura H, Ninomiya I, Fushida S, Nakata H, Iseki S, Harada S, Wakayama T, Ohta T. Extravasated platelet aggregation in the livers of rats with drug‑induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:3147-3152. [PMID: 28358421 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy plays an important role in the treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Oxaliplatin, however, causes sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), which is characterized by portal hypertension, splenomegaly, thrombocytopenia, and liver dysfunction. SOS is diagnosed histopathologically by disruption of the sinusoidal endothelium, collagen deposition, fibrosis especially around zone 3, dilatation of the sinusoidal space and congestion. This study assessed the characteristics of a rat model of SOS. SOS was induced in rats by administration of monocrotaline (MCT). Blood chemistries and macroscopic and microscopic findings were compared in rats administered MCT and vehicle (control group). Levels of expression in the liver of CD41, P‑selectin, rat endothelial cell antigen‑1, CD34, and cleaved caspase‑3 were analyzed immunohistochemically. Moreover, livers of these rats were analyzed by electron microscopy. Macroscopically, MCT‑treated rats showed accumulation of bloody ascites and blue liver and were diagnosed with SOS histologically. Serum concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase (P=0.003), alanine aminotransferase (P=0.008), total‑bilirubin (P=0.012), direct‑bilirubin (P=0.007), indirect‑bilirubin (P=0.003), lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.001) and hyaluronic acid (P=0.016) were significantly higher, and platelet counts significantly lower (P=0.004), in MCT‑treated than in control rats. The livers of MCT‑treated rats were immunohistochemically positive for CD41 and P‑selectin, suggesting platelet aggregates; for rat endothelial cell antigen‑1 and CD34, suggesting sinusoidal endothelial disorder; and for cleaved caspase‑3, suggesting hepatocyte apoptosis. Electron microscopic findings revealed platelet aggregation in the space of Disse in the MCT group. Extravasated platelet aggregation in Disse's space may be involved in the development of SOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Hirata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Tajima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Itasu Ninomiya
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakata
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Shoichi Iseki
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Harada
- Center of Biochemical Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Tomohiko Wakayama
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Division of Cancer Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920‑8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Narmada BC, Goh YT, Li H, Sinha S, Yu H, Cheung C. Human Stem Cell-Derived Endothelial-Hepatic Platform for Efficacy Testing of Vascular-Protective Metabolites from Nutraceuticals. Stem Cells Transl Med 2017; 6:851-863. [PMID: 28297582 PMCID: PMC5442778 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2016-0129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis underlies many cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Nutraceuticals are emerging as a therapeutic moiety for restoring vascular health. Unlike small-molecule drugs, the complexity of ingredients in nutraceuticals often confounds evaluation of their efficacy in preclinical evaluation. It is recognized that the liver is a vital organ in processing complex compounds into bioactive metabolites. In this work, we developed a coculture system of human pluripotent stem cell-derived endothelial cells (hPSC-ECs) and human pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (hPSC-HEPs) for predicting vascular-protective effects of nutraceuticals. To validate our model, two compounds (quercetin and genistein), known to have anti-inflammatory effects on vasculatures, were selected. We found that both quercetin and genistein were ineffective at suppressing inflammatory activation by interleukin-1β owing to limited metabolic activity of hPSC-ECs. Conversely, hPSC-HEPs demonstrated metabolic capacity to break down both nutraceuticals into primary and secondary metabolites. When hPSC-HEPs were cocultured with hPSC-ECs to permit paracrine interactions, the continuous turnover of metabolites mitigated interleukin-1β stimulation on hPSC-ECs. We observed significant reductions in inflammatory gene expressions, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κB, and interleukin-8 production. Thus, integration of hPSC-HEPs could accurately reproduce systemic effects involved in drug metabolism in vivo to unravel beneficial constituents in nutraceuticals. This physiologically relevant endothelial-hepatic platform would be a great resource in predicting the efficacy of complex nutraceuticals and mechanistic interrogation of vascular-targeting candidate compounds. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2017;6:851-863.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeek Teck Goh
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
| | - Huan Li
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Nanos, Singapore
| | - Sanjay Sinha
- The Anne McLaren Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust‐Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Hanry Yu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Nanos, Singapore
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Mechanobiology Institute, Singapore
- Singapore‐MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, BioSyM, Singapore
| | - Christine Cheung
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Proteos, Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Wang Y, Yu X, Chen E, Li L. Liver-derived human mesenchymal stem cells: a novel therapeutic source for liver diseases. Stem Cell Res Ther 2016; 7:71. [PMID: 27176654 PMCID: PMC4866276 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0330-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent an attractive cell type for research and therapy due to their ability to proliferate, differentiate, modulate immune reactions, and secrete trophic factors. MSCs exist in a multitude of tissues, including bone marrow, umbilical cord, and adipose tissues. Moreover, MSCs have recently been isolated from the liver. Compared with other MSC types, liver-derived human MSCs (LHMSCs) possess general morphologies, immune functions, and differentiation capacities. Interestingly, LHMCSs produce higher levels of pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic cytokines than those of bone marrow-derived MSCs. Thus, these cells may be a promising therapeutic source for liver diseases. This paper summarizes the biological characteristics of LHMSCs and their potential benefits and risks for the treatment of liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yini Wang
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xiaopeng Yu
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Ermei Chen
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lanuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Mao S, Zhang J. The emerging role of hepatocyte growth factor in renal diseases. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:303-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1080275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
22
|
TGF-β in Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation and Liver Fibrogenesis: Updated. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-015-0089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
23
|
Epigenetic modifications by histone deacetylases: Biological implications and therapeutic potential in liver fibrosis. Biochimie 2015; 116:61-9. [PMID: 26116886 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is an important pathological repair process in reaction to liver injury characterized by progressive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components. Mechanism that orchestrates this fibrotic disorder is the activation of hepatic stellate cell (HSC) that requires extensive alterations in gene expression. Reversible deacetylation of histone proteins is one of the most abundant epigenetic modifications and is crucial in modulating gene expression. Recent evidence has highlighted a pathological imbalance between the acetylation and deacetylation of histone proteins regulated by histone deacetylases (HDACs). In the past several years, the role of HDACs in liver fibrosis initiation and progression, as well as the therapeutic effects of HDAC inhibitors, has been well studied. Here, the innovative aspects of histone deacetylation will be presented, with respect to the roles of HDACs in liver fibrosis, the affected genes and signal pathways involved in HSCs activation, as well as significant data emerging from the field in support of HDAC inhibitors as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tajima H, Ohta T, Miyashita T, Nakanuma S, Matoba M, Miyata T, Sakai S, Okamoto K, Makino I, Kinoshita J, Hayashi H, Nakamura K, Oyama K, Inokuchi M, Nakagawara H, Takamura H, Kitagawa H, Fushida S, Ikeda H. Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy induces extravasated platelet aggregation in the liver. Mol Clin Oncol 2015; 3:555-558. [PMID: 26137266 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2015.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy plays a central role in the treatment of patients with colorectal liver metastasis (CRLM). This treatment, however, has been associated with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (SOS), a clinically important adverse effect characterized by a bluish hue of the liver, splenomegaly and thrombocytopenia, resulting in liver dysfunction. The significant association between the sinusoidal endothelium and platelets has suggested that oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy affects platelets in the liver. This study compared platelet counts in patients who did and did not receive oxaliplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). The peripheral blood platelet count was significantly lower in the NAC group (n=17) compared to that in the non-NAC, or control group (n=15) (P<0.05). The spleen index was also higher in the NAC group, although the difference was not significant. However, the spleens of the patients in the NAC group were significantly enlarged following treatment (P<0.01). Immunostaining for the platelet surface marker CD42b (glycoprotein Ib), revealed more platelets in the liver in the NAC compared to the control group, particularly in the centrilobular zone III, adjacent to the hepatic central vein and in contact with hepatocytes (P<0.01). The platelets present in the spaces of Disse, referred to as extravasated platelet aggregation (EPA), secrete a number of growth factors, including transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor-A, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and thromboxane A2. In conclusion, EPA may play an important role in the development of hepatic SOS. Moreover, antiplatelet drugs may prevent the onset of SOS and hepatic injury in patients treated with oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy for CRLM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Tajima
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Ohta
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Miyashita
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Shinichi Nakanuma
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Miki Matoba
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Takashi Miyata
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Seisho Sakai
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Koichi Okamoto
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Isamu Makino
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Jun Kinoshita
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hironori Hayashi
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Keishi Nakamura
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Katsunobu Oyama
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masafumi Inokuchi
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hisatoshi Nakagawara
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takamura
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Kitagawa
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Sachio Fushida
- Division of Cancer Medicine, Department of Gastroenterologic Surgery, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Hiroko Ikeda
- Department of Pathology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Krishna SM, Seto SW, Jose RJ, Biros E, Moran CS, Wang Y, Clancy P, Golledge J. A peptide antagonist of thrombospondin-1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm progression in the angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein-E-deficient mouse. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:389-98. [PMID: 25524772 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interaction of the activating sequence in thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) with the conserved sequence (leucine-serine-lysine-leucine [LSKL]) in the latency-associated peptide region of latent transforming growth factor (TGF)-β complex is important in regulating TGF-β1 activity. We aimed to assess the effect of blocking peptide LSKL on the progression of pre-established abdominal aortic aneurysm in angiotensin II-infused apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE(-/-)) mice. APPROACH AND RESULTS Abdominal aortic aneurysm was established in 3-month-old male ApoE(-/-) mice with subcutaneous infusion of angiotensin II for 28 days. After this, mice received LSKL peptide or control SLLK (serine-leucine-leucine-lysine) peptide (4 mg/kg) via daily intraperitoneal injection for an additional 2 weeks. Administration of LSKL peptide promoted larger suprarenal aortic diameter, as determined by ultrasound and morphometric analysis, and stimulated more severe atherosclerosis within the aortic arch. In addition, mice receiving LSKL peptide exhibited elevated circulating proinflammatory cytokine levels and greater inflammatory cells within the suprarenal aorta compared with controls. Mice receiving LSKL peptide showed low plasma TGF-β1 activity and low levels of aortic tissue phosphorylated to total Smad2/3. Aortic gene expression of TGF-β receptor 1 (TGFBRI) and receptor 2 (TGFBRII), but not TGF-β1 and thrombospondin-1, were lower in mice receiving LSKL peptide than controls. LSKL peptide administration was associated with greater aortic elastin fragmentation and lower expression and activity of the TGF-β1-target gene lysyl oxidase like 1 (LOXL1). CONCLUSIONS Attenuation of thrombospondin-1-directed activation of TGF-β1 promotes abdominal aortic aneurysm and atherosclerosis progression in the angiotensin II-infused ApoE(-/-) mouse model.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism
- Angiotensin II
- Animals
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/blood
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/chemically induced
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/genetics
- Aortic Aneurysm, Abdominal/pathology
- Apolipoproteins E/deficiency
- Apolipoproteins E/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/blood
- Atherosclerosis/chemically induced
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Cytokines/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Disease Progression
- Elastin/metabolism
- Inflammation Mediators/blood
- Injections, Intraperitoneal
- Male
- Mice, Knockout
- Peptides/administration & dosage
- Peptides/toxicity
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type I
- Receptor, Transforming Growth Factor-beta Type II
- Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Smad2 Protein/metabolism
- Smad3 Protein/metabolism
- Thrombospondin 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Thrombospondin 1/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/blood
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smriti M Krishna
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Sai Wang Seto
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Roby J Jose
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Erik Biros
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Corey S Moran
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Yutang Wang
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Paula Clancy
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.)
| | - Jonathan Golledge
- From the Vascular Biology Unit, Queensland Research Centre for Peripheral Vascular Disease, College of Medicine and Dentistry, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (S.M.K., S.W.S., R.J.J., E.B., C.S.M., Y.W., P.C., J.G.); and Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia (J.G.).
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Yu FX, Teng YY, Zhu QD, Zhang QY, Tang YH. Inhibitory effects of capsaicin on hepatic stellate cells and liver fibrosis. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:406-12. [PMID: 25289759 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) play an important role in the process of liver fibrosis. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of capsaicin on HSCs and liver fibrosis. Cultured HSCs were incubated with various concentrations of capsaicin. Cell proliferation was examined using a cell counting kit. Production of hydrogen peroxide was determined using a 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. The mRNA and protein expression of target genes was analyzed by reverse transcription PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide (PI) costaining followed by flow cytometric analysis. A CCl4 rat liver fibrosis model was used to assess in vivo effects of capsaicin by histological examination and measurement of liver fibrosis markers, including hydroxyproline content, serum type III collagen, and hyaluronic acid (HA) levels. Our results show that capsaicin dose-dependently inhibited cell proliferation, suppressed cell activation, and decreased hydrogen peroxide production in cultured HSCs. Capsaicin reduced the mRNA levels of tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in HSCs. Moreover, capsaicin-induced cell apoptosis was associated with increased expression of Bax, cytochrome c (cyt c), and caspase-3, but reduced levels of Bcl-2. The animal studies further revealed that capsaicin efficiently reduced the extent of liver fibrosis, inhibited HSC proliferation, and promoted cell apoptosis. Our findings suggest that capsaicin might inhibit fibrogenesis by inhibiting the activities of HSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Xiang Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-Yan Teng
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian-Dong Zhu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yin-He Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Patel D, Haque A, Jones CN, Tuleouva N, Foster E, Vu T, Reddi AH, Revzin A. Local control of hepatic phenotype with growth factor-encoded surfaces. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:44-52. [PMID: 24247788 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40140e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The goal of the present study was to modulate the phenotype expression of hepatocytes in vitro on surfaces imprinted with growth factors (GFs). Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) or transforming-growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) were mixed with collagen (I) and robotically printed onto standard glass slides to create arrays of 300 μm or 500 μm diameter spots. Primary rat hepatocytes were seeded on top of the arrays, forming clusters corresponding in size to the underlying protein spots. The TGF-β1 spots appeared to downregulate markers of hepatic (epithelial) phenotype while upregulating expression of mesenchymal markers. Conversely, hepatocytes cultured on HGF spots maintained high level of epithelial markers. When hepatocytes were seeded onto alternating spots of HGF and TGF-β1, their phenotype was found to depend on center-to-center distance between the spots. At shorter distances cross-expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers was observed while at distances exceeding 1.25 mm divergence of phenotypes, epithelial on HGF and mesenchymal on TGF-β was seen. Overall, our results demonstrate that GF-encoded surfaces can modulate phenotype within groups of cells cultured on the same surface. Given the importance of phenotype switching in development, fibrosis and cancer, this platform may be used to gain useful insights into the mechanisms of processes such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or stem cell fate selections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Patel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, 451 East Health Sciences St. #2619, Davis, CA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gene expression profiling and secretome analysis differentiate adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells and human hepatic stellate cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e86137. [PMID: 24516514 PMCID: PMC3906387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0086137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult-derived human liver stem/progenitor cells (ADHLSC) are obtained after primary culture of the liver parenchymal fraction. The cells are of fibroblastic morphology and exhibit a hepato-mesenchymal phenotype. Hepatic stellate cells (HSC) derived from the liver non-parenchymal fraction, present a comparable morphology as ADHLSC. Because both ADHLSC and HSC are described as liver stem/progenitor cells, we strived to extensively compare both cell populations at different levels and to propose tools demonstrating their singularity. ADHLSC and HSC were isolated from the liver of four different donors, expanded in vitro and followed from passage 5 until passage 11. Cell characterization was performed using immunocytochemistry, western blotting, flow cytometry, and gene microarray analyses. The secretion profile of the cells was evaluated using Elisa and multiplex Luminex assays. Both cell types expressed α-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, fibronectin, CD73 and CD90 in accordance with their mesenchymal origin. Microarray analysis revealed significant differences in gene expression profiles. HSC present high expression levels of neuronal markers as well as cytokeratins. Such differences were confirmed using immunocytochemistry and western blotting assays. Furthermore, both cell types displayed distinct secretion profiles as ADHLSC highly secreted cytokines of therapeutic and immuno-modulatory importance, like HGF, interferon-γ and IL-10. Our study demonstrates that ADHLSC and HSC are distinct liver fibroblastic cell populations exhibiting significant different expression and secretion profiles.
Collapse
|
29
|
Jin S, Zhang M, Gao Y, Zhang X, Cui G, Zhang Y. The efficacy of Jing Wan Hong ointment for nerve injury diabetic foot ulcer and its mechanisms. J Diabetes Res 2014; 2014:259412. [PMID: 25538944 PMCID: PMC4247915 DOI: 10.1155/2014/259412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Jing Wan Hong ointment contains 30 kinds of Chinese herbs, with functions of activating blood circulation to disperse blood stasis, clearing heat, eliminating dampness, and reducing swelling by detoxification. Therefore, Jing Wan Hong ointment may facilitate the healing of ulcers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and mechanisms of Jing Wan Hong ointment for healing diabetic foot ulceration in Wistar rats induced by streptozotocin and sciatic nerve damage. The results showed that Jing Wan Hong ointment had a marked effect on foot ulcers in diabetic rats induced by initial nerve injury. These effects were manifested by reducing the foot ulcer size and Wagner grade after seven days of treatment. The diabetic rats with foot ulcers were almost healed after 21 days of treatment. Moreover, the mechanisms of this effect seem to be dependent on increased expression of PDGF mRNA, but there was no influence on the expression of TGF-β, VEGF, and FLT-1 mRNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shumei Jin
- Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Mixia Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Tianjin Children's Hospital, Tianjin 300074, China
| | | | - Guangzhi Cui
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- *Guangzhi Cui: and
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- Chinese Materia Medica College, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 312 Anshanxi Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300193, China
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China
- *Yanjun Zhang:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Narmada BC, Kang Y, Venkatraman L, Peng Q, Sakban RB, Nugraha B, Jiang X, Bunte RM, So PTC, Tucker-Kellogg L, Mao HQ, Yu H. Hepatic stellate cell-targeted delivery of hepatocyte growth factor transgene via bile duct infusion enhances its expression at fibrotic foci to regress dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis. Hum Gene Ther 2013; 24:508-19. [PMID: 23527815 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2012.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver fibrosis generates fibrotic foci with abundant activated hepatic stellate cells and excessive collagen deposition juxtaposed with healthy regions. Targeted delivery of antifibrotic therapeutics to hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) might improve treatment outcomes and reduce adverse effects on healthy tissue. We delivered the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene specifically to activated hepatic stellate cells in fibrotic liver using vitamin A-coupled liposomes by retrograde intrabiliary infusion to bypass capillarized hepatic sinusoids. The antifibrotic effects of DsRed2-HGF vector encapsulated within vitamin A-coupled liposomes were validated by decreases in fibrotic markers in vitro. Fibrotic cultures transfected with the targeted transgene showed a significant decrease in fibrotic markers such as transforming growth factor-β1. In rats, dimethylnitrosamine-induced liver fibrosis is manifested by an increase in collagen deposition and severe defenestration of sinusoidal endothelial cells. The HSC-targeted transgene, administered via retrograde intrabiliary infusion in fibrotic rats, successfully reduced liver fibrosis markers alpha-smooth muscle actin and collagen, accompanied by an increase in the expression of DsRed2-HGF near the fibrotic foci. Thus, targeted delivery of HGF gene to hepatic stellate cells increased the transgene expression at the fibrotic foci and strongly enhanced its antifibrotic effects.
Collapse
|
31
|
Wang Q, Wang LX, Zeng JP, Liu XJ, Liang XM, Zhou YB. Histone demethylase retinoblastoma binding protein 2 regulates the expression of α-smooth muscle actin and vimentin in cirrhotic livers. Braz J Med Biol Res 2013; 46:739-45. [PMID: 24068189 PMCID: PMC3854431 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20132843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver cirrhosis is one of the most common diseases of Chinese patients. Herein,
we report the high expression of a newly identified histone 3 lysine 4
demethylase, retinoblastoma binding protein 2 (RBP2), and its role in liver
cirrhosis in humans. The siRNA knockdown of RBP2 expression in hepatic stellate
cells (HSCs) reduced levels of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and vimentin and
decreased the proliferation of HSCs; and overexpression of RBP2 increased α-SMA
and vimentin levels. Treatment with transforming growth factor β (TGF-β)
upregulated the expression of RBP2, α-SMA, and vimentin, and the siRNA knockdown
of RBP2 expression attenuated TGF-β-mediated upregulation of α-SMA and vimentin
expression and HSC proliferation. Furthermore, RBP2 was highly expressed in
cirrhotic rat livers. Therefore, RBP2 may participate in the pathogenesis of
liver cirrhosis by regulating the expression of α-SMA and vimentin. RBP2 may be
a useful marker for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cirrhosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Wang
- Shandong University, Department of Microbiology, Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Chinese Ministry of Education, School of Medicine, Jinan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|