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Li L, Si Y, Cheng M, Lang L, Li A, Liu B. Therapeutic effect of autologous bone marrow cells injected into the liver under the guidance of B‑ultrasound in the treatment of HBV‑related decompensated liver cirrhosis. Exp Ther Med 2022; 24:633. [PMID: 36160909 PMCID: PMC9468850 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The 5-year mortality rates associated with decompensated liver cirrhosis (DLC) can reach 50%, which suggests that this condition poses a serious health risk. In previous studies conducted by our group, autologous bone marrow nucleated cells (ABMNCs) were used to treat HIV-positive patients with DLC through the right omental vein; however, trauma and poor compliance were encountered. In the present study, the percutaneous liver approach to inject ABMNCs under the guidance of B-ultrasound was employed for the treatment of DLC. A total of 108 patients with DLC were retrospectively divided into the routine drug treatment group (control group; 30 cases), the right omental vein infusion of ABMNCs group (observation group 1; 38 cases) and the B-ultrasound-guided liver injection of ABMNCs group (observation group 2; 40 cases). After treatment, the liver synthesis (prothrombin time, albumin and ascites) and secretion functions (total bilirubin) in observation groups 1 and 2 were significantly improved compared with those of the control group (P<0.01) and the bone marrow function was also significantly improved compared with that of the control group (P<0.01). While, the bone marrow function (white blood cell, platelet, and hemoglobin) in observation group 1 was significantly improved compared with that of observation group 2 at the end of treatment (P<0.01). After a 1-year follow-up, the case fatality rate was 2.5% (1/40) in observation group 2, which was significantly lower than the 20% fatality rate (6/30) recorded in the control group (P<0.05). The injection of ABMNCs into the liver under the guidance of B-ultrasound was significantly better than conventional drug therapy in treating DLC. This approach has obvious advantages such as no hospitalization, minimal trauma, rapid recovery and good compliance, all of which make it worthy of application in primary hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Yanhui Si
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
| | - Mingrong Cheng
- Henuo Medical Clinic, Shanghai New Hongqiao International Medical Center, Shanghai 201100, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Aijun Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Oriental Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital Affiliated to Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P.R. China
| | - Baochi Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, P.R. China
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2
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Elkhenany H, Elkodous MA, Newby SD, El-Derby AM, Dhar M, El-Badri N. Tissue Engineering Modalities and Nanotechnology. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-55359-3_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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3
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Danoy M, Poulain S, Lereau-Bernier M, Kato S, Scheidecker B, Kido T, Miyajima A, Sakai Y, Plessy C, Leclerc E. Characterization of liver zonation-like transcriptomic patterns in HLCs derived from hiPSCs in a microfluidic biochip environment. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e3013. [PMID: 32364651 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver zonation is an important phenomenon characterized by a gradient of several functions along the liver acinus. However, this gradient remains difficult to reproduce in in-vitro conditions, making the obtention of an in-vitro method to recapitulate the liver zonation a challenging issue. In this study, we evaluated the spatial evolution of the transcriptome profile of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) differentiated toward hepatocytes-like cells (HLCs) phenotype in a microfluidic biochip environment. Cells collected at the inlet of the biochip, where the oxygen concentration is higher, were identified by the expression of genes involved in metabolic pathways related to cellular reorganization and cell proliferation. Cells collected in the middle and at the outlet of the biochips, where oxygen concentrations are lower, were characterized by the upregulation of genes involved in cellular detoxification processes (CYP450), PPAR signaling or arginine biosynthesis. A subset of 16 transcription factors (TFs) was extracted and identified as upstream regulators to HNF1A and PPARA. These TFs are also known as regulators to target genes engaged in the Wnt/βcatenin pathway, in the TGFβ/BMP/SMAD signaling, in the transition between epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal epithelial transition (MET), in the homeostasis of lipids, bile acids and carbohydrates homeostasis, in drug metabolism, in the estrogen processing and in the oxidative stress response. Overall, the analysis allowed to confirm a partial zonation-like pattern in hiPSCs-derived HLCs in the microfluidic biochip environment. These results provide important insights into the reproduction of liver zonation in-vitro for a better understanding of the phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Danoy
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Stéphane Poulain
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Division of Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Myriam Lereau-Bernier
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sachi Kato
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Division of Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Benedikt Scheidecker
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, graduate school of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taketomo Kido
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Miyajima
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Sakai
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, graduate school of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Charles Plessy
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Division of Genomic Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eric Leclerc
- CNRS UMI 2820, Laboratory for Integrated Micro Mechatronic Systems, Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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4
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Zadorozhna M, Di Gioia S, Conese M, Mangieri D. Neovascularization is a key feature of liver fibrosis progression: anti-angiogenesis as an innovative way of liver fibrosis treatment. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:2279-2288. [PMID: 32040707 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05290-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis affects over 100 million people in the world; it represents a multifactorial, fibro-inflammatory disorder characterized by exacerbated production of extracellular matrix with consequent aberration of hepatic tissue. The aetiology of this disease is very complex and seems to involve a broad spectrum of factors including the lifestyle, environment factors, genes and epigenetic changes. More evidences indicate that angiogenesis, a process consisting in the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vessels, plays a crucial role in the progression of liver fibrosis. Central to the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis is the hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) which represent a crossroad among inflammation, fibrosis and angiogenesis. Quiescent HSCs can be stimulated by a host of growth factors, pro-inflammatory mediators produced by damaged resident liver cell types, as well as by hypoxia, contributing to neoangiogenesis, which in turn can be a bridge between acute and chronic inflammation. As matter of fact, studies demonstrated that neutralization of vascular endothelial growth factor as well as other proangiogenic agents can attenuate the progression of liver fibrosis. With this review, our intent is to discuss the cause and the role of angiogenesis in liver fibrosis focusing on the current knowledge about the impact of anti-angiogenetic therapies in this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariia Zadorozhna
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenica Mangieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Via Pinto 1, 71122, Foggia, Italy.
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5
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Maklakova IY, Grebnev DY, Yusupova VC, Gavrilov IV, Primakova EA. Impact of the Transplantation of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells after Liver Resection on Blood Biochemical Parameters in Mature and Old Laboratory Animals. ADVANCES IN GERONTOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s2079057019020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Mikael PE, Willard C, Koyee A, Barlao CG, Liu X, Han X, Ouyang Y, Xia K, Linhardt RJ, Dordick JS. Remodeling of Glycosaminoglycans During Differentiation of Adult Human Bone Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Toward Hepatocytes. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:278-289. [PMID: 30572803 PMCID: PMC6389772 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to generate functional hepatocytes to aid in liver repair and regeneration upon availability of a renewable, and potentially personalized, source of human hepatocytes (hHEP). Currently, the vast majority of primary hHEP are obtained from human tissue through cadavers. Recent advances in stem cell differentiation have opened up the possibility to obtain fully functional hepatocytes from embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells, or adult stem cells. With respect to the latter, human bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) can serve as a source of autogenetic and allogenic multipotent stem cells for liver repair and regeneration. A major aspect of hBMSC differentiation is the extracellular matrix (ECM) composition and, in particular, the role of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the differentiation process. In this study, we examine the influence of four distinct culture conditions/protocols (T1-T4) on GAG composition and hepatic markers. α-Fetoprotein and hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α were expressed continually over 21 days of differentiation, as indicated by real time quantitative PCR analysis, while albumin (ALB) expression did not begin until day 21. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) appears to be more effective than activin A in promoting hepatic-like cells through the mesenchymal-epithelial transition, perhaps due to the former binding to the HGF receptor to form a unique complex that diversifies the biological functions of HGF. Of the four protocols tested, uniform hepatocyte-like morphological changes, ALB secretion, and glycogen storage were found to be highest with protocol T2, which involves both early- and late-stage combinations of growth factors. The total GAG profile of the hBMSC ECM is rich in heparan sulfate (HS) and hyaluronan, both of which fluctuate during differentiation. The GAG profile of primary hHEP showed an HS-rich ECM, and thus, it may be possible to guide hBMSC differentiation to more mature hepatocytes by controlling the GAG profile expressed by differentiating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paiyz E. Mikael
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Charles Willard
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Aurvan Koyee
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia
| | - Charmaine-Grace Barlao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xinyue Liu
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Xiaorui Han
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Yilan Ouyang
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Ke Xia
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York
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7
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Kaushik G, Ponnusamy MP, Batra SK. Concise Review: Current Status of Three-Dimensional Organoids as Preclinical Models. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1329-1340. [PMID: 29770526 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) cultures use the property of some cells to self-organize in matrices and generate structures that can be programmed to represent an organ or a pathology. Organoid cultures are the 3D cultivation of source tissue (ranging from cells to tissue fragments) in a support matrix and specialized media that nearly resembles the physiological environment. Depending on the source tissue, growth factors, and inhibitors provided, organoids can be programmed to recapitulate the biology of a system and progression of pathology. Organoids are genetically stable, and genetically amenable, making them very suitable tools to study tissue homeostasis and cancer. In this Review, we focus on providing recent technical advances from published literature to efficiently use organoids as a tool for disease modeling and therapeutics. Also, we discuss stem cell biology principles used to generate multiple organoids and their characteristics, with a brief description of methodology. A major theme of this review is to expand organoid applications to the study disease progression and drug response in different cancers. We also discuss shortcomings, limitations, and advantages of developed 3D cultures, with the rationale behind the methodology. Stem Cells 2018;36:1329-1340.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Kaushik
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Moorthy P Ponnusamy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
| | - Surinder K Batra
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.,Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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8
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Maymó JL, Riedel R, Pérez-Pérez A, Magatti M, Maskin B, Dueñas JL, Parolini O, Sánchez-Margalet V, Varone CL. Proliferation and survival of human amniotic epithelial cells during their hepatic differentiation. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0191489. [PMID: 29346426 PMCID: PMC5773201 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0191489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells derived from placental tissues are an attractive source of cells for regenerative medicine. Amniotic epithelial cells isolated from human amnion (hAECs) have desirable and competitive characteristics that make them stand out between other stem cells. They have the ability to differentiate toward all three germ layers, they are not tumorigenic and they have immunosuppressive properties. Although liver transplantation is the best way to treat acute and chronic hepatic failure patients, there are several obstacles. Recently, stem cells have been spotlighted as alternative source of hepatocytes because of their potential for hepatogenic differentiation. In this work, we aimed to study the proliferation and survival of the hAECs during their hepatic differentiation. We have also analyzed the changes in pluripotency and hepatic markers. We differentiated amniotic cells applying a specific hepatic differentiation (HD) protocol. We determined by qRT-PCR that hAECs express significant levels of SOX-2, OCT-4 and NANOG during at least 15 days in culture and these pluripotent markers diminish during HD. SSEA-4 expression was reduced during HD, measured by immunofluorescence. Morphological characteristics became more similar to hepatic ones in differentiated cells and representative hepatic markers significantly augmented their expression, measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Cells achieved a differentiation efficiency of 75%. We observed that HD induced proliferation and promoted survival of hAECs, during 30 days in culture, evaluated by 3H-thymidine incorporation and MTT assay. HD also promoted changes in hAECs cell cycle. Cyclin D1 expression increased, while p21 and p53 levels were reduced. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that Ki-67 expression was upregulated during HD. Finally, ERK 1/2 phosphorylation, which is intimately linked to proliferation and cell survival, augmented during all HD process and the inhibition of this signaling pathway affected not only proliferation but also differentiation. Our results suggest that HD promotes proliferation and survival of hAECs, providing important evidence about the mechanisms governing their hepatic differentiation. We bring new knowledge concerning some of the optimal transplantation conditions for these hepatic like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julieta L. Maymó
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- * E-mail:
| | - Rodrigo Riedel
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Pérez-Pérez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4 (41009), Sevilla, España
| | - Marta Magatti
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni- Fondazione Poliambulanza- Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italia
| | - Bernardo Maskin
- Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - José Luis Dueñas
- Servicio de Ginecología y Obstetricia, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla, España
| | - Ornella Parolini
- Centro di Ricerca E. Menni- Fondazione Poliambulanza- Istituto Ospedaliero, Brescia, Italia
| | - Víctor Sánchez-Margalet
- Departamento de Bioquímica Médica y Biología Molecular, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Avenida Sánchez Pizjuán 4 (41009), Sevilla, España
| | - Cecilia L. Varone
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN), Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Química Biológica, Ciudad Universitaria Pabellón 2, 4° piso, (1428), Buenos Aires, Argentina
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9
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Kotaka M, Toyoda T, Yasuda K, Kitano Y, Okada C, Ohta A, Watanabe A, Uesugi M, Osafune K. Adrenergic receptor agonists induce the differentiation of pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatoblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16734. [PMID: 29196668 PMCID: PMC5711806 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16858-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Current induction methods of hepatocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) are neither low cost nor stable. By screening a chemical library of 1,120 bioactive compounds and known drugs, we identified the α1-adrenergic receptor agonist methoxamine hydrochloride as a small molecule that promotes the differentiation of hiPSC-derived hepatoblasts into ALBUMIN+ hepatocyte-like cells. Other α1-adrenergic receptor agonists also induced the differentiation of hepatocyte-like cells, and an α1-receptor antagonist blocked the hepatic-inducing activity of methoxamine hydrochloride and that of the combination of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and Oncostatin M (OsM), two growth factors often used for the induction of hepatoblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. We also confirmed that treatment with methoxamine hydrochloride activates the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) pathway downstream of IL-6 family cytokines including OsM. These findings allowed us to establish hepatic differentiation protocols for both mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and hiPSCs using small molecules at the step from hepatoblasts into hepatocyte-like cells. The results of the present study suggest that α1-adrenergic agonists induce hepatocyte-like cells by working downstream of HGF and OsM to activate STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maki Kotaka
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Taro Toyoda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Katsutaro Yasuda
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuko Kitano
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Chihiro Okada
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Mitsubishi Space Software Co., Ltd., 5-4-36 Tsukaguchi-honmachi, Amagasaki, Hyogo, 661-0001, Japan
| | - Akira Ohta
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji-city, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kenji Osafune
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application (CiRA), Kyoto University, 53 Kawahara-cho, Shogoin, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.
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10
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3D in vitro models of liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2017; 121:133-146. [PMID: 28697953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Animal testing is still the most popular preclinical assessment model for liver fibrosis. To develop efficient anti-fibrotic therapies, robust and representative in vitro models are urgently needed. The most widely used in vitro fibrosis model is the culture-induced activation of primary rodent hepatic stellate cells. While these cultures have contributed greatly to the current understanding of hepatic stellate cell activation, they seem to be inadequate to cover the complexity of this regenerative response. This review summarizes recent progress towards the development of 3D culture models of liver fibrosis. Thus far, only a few hepatic culture systems have successfully implemented hepatic stellate cells (or other non-parenchymal cells) into hepatocyte cultures. Recent advances in bioprinting, spheroid- and precision-cut liver slice cultures and the use of microfluidic bioreactors will surely lead to valid 3D in vitro models of liver fibrosis in the near future.
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11
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Kruitwagen HS, Oosterhoff LA, Vernooij IGWH, Schrall IM, van Wolferen ME, Bannink F, Roesch C, van Uden L, Molenaar MR, Helms JB, Grinwis GCM, Verstegen MMA, van der Laan LJW, Huch M, Geijsen N, Vries RG, Clevers H, Rothuizen J, Schotanus BA, Penning LC, Spee B. Long-Term Adult Feline Liver Organoid Cultures for Disease Modeling of Hepatic Steatosis. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 8:822-830. [PMID: 28344000 PMCID: PMC5390114 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is a highly prevalent liver disease, yet research is hampered by the lack of tractable cellular and animal models. Steatosis also occurs in cats, where it can cause severe hepatic failure. Previous studies demonstrate the potential of liver organoids for modeling genetic diseases. To examine the possibility of using organoids to model steatosis, we established a long-term feline liver organoid culture with adult liver stem cell characteristics and differentiation potential toward hepatocyte-like cells. Next, organoids from mouse, human, dog, and cat liver were provided with fatty acids. Lipid accumulation was observed in all organoids and interestingly, feline liver organoids accumulated more lipid droplets than human organoids. Finally, we demonstrate effects of interference with β-oxidation on lipid accumulation in feline liver organoids. In conclusion, feline liver organoids can be successfully cultured and display a predisposition for lipid accumulation, making them an interesting model in hepatic steatosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hedwig S Kruitwagen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Loes A Oosterhoff
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid G W H Vernooij
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ingrid M Schrall
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique E van Wolferen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Farah Bannink
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Camille Roesch
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lisa van Uden
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn R Molenaar
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - J Bernd Helms
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Institute of Biomembranes, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Guy C M Grinwis
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CL Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Monique M A Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, 3000 CA Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Huch
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Geijsen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands; Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Robert G Vries
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans Clevers
- Hubrecht Institute, University Medical Centre, Utrecht University, 3584 CT Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Rothuizen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Baukje A Schotanus
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Louis C Penning
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart Spee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3584 CM Utrecht, the Netherlands
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12
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Zakikhan K, Pournasr B, Vosough M, Nassiri-Asl M. In Vitro Generated Hepatocyte-Like Cells: A Novel Tool in Regenerative Medicine and Drug Discovery. CELL JOURNAL 2017; 19:204-217. [PMID: 28670513 PMCID: PMC5412779 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.4362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) are generated from either various human pluripotent stem
cells (hPSCs) including induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells
(ESCs), or direct cell conversion, mesenchymal stem cells as well as other stem cells like
gestational tissues. They provide potential cell sources for biomedical applications. Liver
transplantation is the gold standard treatment for the patients with end stage liver disease,
but there are many obstacles limiting this process, like insufficient number of donated
healthy livers. Meanwhile, the number of patients receiving a liver organ transplant for
a better life is increasing. In this regard, HLCs may provide an adequate cell source to
overcome these shortages. New molecular engineering approaches such as CRISPR/
Cas system applying in iPSCs technology provide the basic principles of gene correction
for monogenic inherited metabolic liver diseases, as another application of HLCs. It has
been shown that HLCs could replace primary human hepatocytes in drug discovery and
hepatotoxicity tests. However, generation of fully functional HLCs is still a big challenge;
several research groups have been trying to improve current differentiation protocols to
achieve better HLCs according to morphology and function of cells. Large-scale generation
of functional HLCs in bioreactors could make a new opportunity in producing enough
hepatocytes for treating end-stage liver patients as well as other biomedical applications
such as drug studies. In this review, regarding the biomedical value of HLCs, we focus
on the current and efficient approaches for generating hepatocyte-like cells in vitro and
discuss about their applications in regenerative medicine and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kobra Zakikhan
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Behshad Pournasr
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Biomedicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
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Luijten M, Zwart EP, Dollé MET, de Pooter M, Cox JA, White PA, van Benthem J. Evaluation of the LacZ reporter assay in cryopreserved primary hepatocytes for In vitro genotoxicity testing. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2016; 57:643-655. [PMID: 27859631 DOI: 10.1002/em.22063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of genotoxic potential is an important step in the safety evaluation of chemical substances. Under most regulatory jurisdictions, the first tier of testing comprises a standard battery of in vitro genotoxicity tests in bacterial and mammalian cells. However, the mammalian cell tests commonly used exhibit a relatively high rate of misleading positive results, which may lead to unnecessary in vivo testing. We previously established a proof-of-concept for the LacZ reporter assay in proliferating primary hepatocytes as a promising alternative genotoxicity test. Here, cryopreserved instead of freshly isolated hepatocytes were used and the assay was evaluated in more detail. We examined the effect of cryopreservation on phenotype and metabolic capacity of the LacZ hepatocytes, and assessed the predictive performance of the assay by testing a set of substances comprising true positive, true negative, and misleading positive substances. Additionally, a historical negative control database was created and the type of mutations induced was analyzed for two of the substances tested. Our findings indicate that proliferating cryopreserved primary hepatocytes derived from LacZ plasmid mice retain their hepatocyte-specific characteristics and metabolic competence. Furthermore, we demonstrate that both gene mutations and genome rearrangements due to large deletions can be detected with the LacZ reporter assay. The assay seems to have a lower rate of misleading positive test results compared to the assays currently used. Together, our findings strongly support the use of the LacZ reporter assay in cryopreserved primary hepatocytes as follow-up to the standard in vitro test battery for genotoxicity testing. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 57:643-655, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Luijten
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin P Zwart
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike de Pooter
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Julie A Cox
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul A White
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jan van Benthem
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
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14
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Vanhove J, Pistoni M, Welters M, Eggermont K, Vanslembrouck V, Helsen N, Boon R, Najimi M, Sokal E, Collas P, Voncken JW, Verfaillie CM. H3K27me3 Does Not Orchestrate the Expression of Lineage-Specific Markers in hESC-Derived Hepatocytes In Vitro. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:192-206. [PMID: 27477635 PMCID: PMC4982990 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although pluripotent stem cells can be differentiated into the hepatocyte lineages, such cells retain an immature phenotype. As the chromatin state of regulatory regions controls spatiotemporal gene expression during development, we evaluated changes in epigenetic histone marks in lineage-specific genes throughout in vitro hepatocyte differentiation from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Active acetylation and methylation marks at promoters and enhancers correlated with progressive changes in gene expression. However, repression-associated H3K27me3 marks at these control regions showed an inverse correlation with gene repression during transition from hepatic endoderm to a hepatocyte-like state. Inhibitor of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2) reduced H3K27me3 decoration but did not improve hepatocyte maturation. Thus, H3K27me3 at regulatory regions does not regulate transcription and appears dispensable for hepatocyte lineage differentiation of hESCs in vitro. Epigenetic studies to understand hepatocyte differentiation from human PSC Dynamics in histone profile correlate with alterations in gene transcription hESC-derived HLCs have higher H3K27me3 mark at regulatory regions compared with PHHs Reducing H3K27me3 by EZH2 inhibition did not improve hepatocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolien Vanhove
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Mariaelena Pistoni
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium.
| | - Marc Welters
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Kristel Eggermont
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Veerle Vanslembrouck
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Nicky Helsen
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Ruben Boon
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques St-Luc - Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Université Catholique de Louvain, Cliniques St-Luc - Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Philippe Collas
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo 0372, Norway
| | - J Willem Voncken
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6229 ER Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine M Verfaillie
- Department Development and Regeneration, Stem Cell Institute, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
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15
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Gow AG, Muirhead R, Hay DC, Argyle DJ. Low-Density Lipoprotein Uptake Demonstrates a Hepatocyte Phenotype in the Dog, but Is Nonspecific. Stem Cells Dev 2016; 25:90-100. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Gow
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - Rhona Muirhead
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Hay
- MRC Center for Regenerative Medicine, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David J. Argyle
- Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, United Kingdom
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Buzhor E, Leshansky L, Blumenthal J, Barash H, Warshawsky D, Mazor Y, Shtrichman R. Cell-based therapy approaches: the hope for incurable diseases. Regen Med 2015; 9:649-72. [PMID: 25372080 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapies aim to repair the mechanisms underlying disease initiation and progression, achieved through trophic effect or by cell replacement. Multiple cell types can be utilized in such therapies, including stem, progenitor or primary cells. This review covers the current state of cell therapies designed for the prominent disorders, including cardiovascular, neurological (Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, stroke, spinal cord injury), autoimmune (Type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease), ophthalmologic, renal, liver and skeletal (osteoarthritis) diseases. Various cell therapies have reached advanced clinical trial phases with potential marketing approvals in the near future, many of which are based on mesenchymal stem cells. Advances in pluripotent stem cell research hold great promise for regenerative medicine. The information presented in this review is based on the analysis of the cell therapy collection detailed in LifeMap Discovery(®) (LifeMap Sciences Inc., USA) the database of embryonic development, stem cell research and regenerative medicine.
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17
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Hu C, Li L. In vitro culture of isolated primary hepatocytes and stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells for liver regeneration. Protein Cell 2015; 6:562-74. [PMID: 26088193 PMCID: PMC4506286 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-015-0180-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Various liver diseases result in terminal hepatic failure, and liver transplantation, cell transplantation and artificial liver support systems are emerging as effective therapies for severe hepatic disease. However, all of these treatments are limited by organ or cell resources, so developing a sufficient number of functional hepatocytes for liver regeneration is a priority. Liver regeneration is a complex process regulated by growth factors (GFs), cytokines, transcription factors (TFs), hormones, oxidative stress products, metabolic networks, and microRNA. It is well-known that the function of isolated primary hepatocytes is hard to maintain; when cultured in vitro, these cells readily undergo dedifferentiation, causing them to lose hepatocyte function. For this reason, most studies focus on inducing stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), to differentiate into hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs) in vitro. In this review, we mainly focus on the nature of the liver regeneration process and discuss how to maintain and enhance in vitro hepatic function of isolated primary hepatocytes or stem cell-derived HLCs for liver regeneration. In this way, hepatocytes or HLCs may be applied for clinical use for the treatment of terminal liver diseases and may prolong the survival time of patients in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxia Hu
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
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18
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Baxter M, Withey S, Harrison S, Segeritz CP, Zhang F, Atkinson-Dell R, Rowe C, Gerrard DT, Sison-Young R, Jenkins R, Henry J, Berry AA, Mohamet L, Best M, Fenwick SW, Malik H, Kitteringham NR, Goldring CE, Piper Hanley K, Vallier L, Hanley NA. Phenotypic and functional analyses show stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells better mimic fetal rather than adult hepatocytes. J Hepatol 2015; 62:581-9. [PMID: 25457200 PMCID: PMC4334496 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs), differentiated from pluripotent stem cells by the use of soluble factors, can model human liver function and toxicity. However, at present HLC maturity and whether any deficit represents a true fetal state or aberrant differentiation is unclear and compounded by comparison to potentially deteriorated adult hepatocytes. Therefore, we generated HLCs from multiple lineages, using two different protocols, for direct comparison with fresh fetal and adult hepatocytes. METHODS Protocols were developed for robust differentiation. Multiple transcript, protein and functional analyses compared HLCs to fresh human fetal and adult hepatocytes. RESULTS HLCs were comparable to those of other laboratories by multiple parameters. Transcriptional changes during differentiation mimicked human embryogenesis and showed more similarity to pericentral than periportal hepatocytes. Unbiased proteomics demonstrated greater proximity to liver than 30 other human organs or tissues. However, by comparison to fresh material, HLC maturity was proven by transcript, protein and function to be fetal-like and short of the adult phenotype. The expression of 81% phase 1 enzymes in HLCs was significantly upregulated and half were statistically not different from fetal hepatocytes. HLCs secreted albumin and metabolized testosterone (CYP3A) and dextrorphan (CYP2D6) like fetal hepatocytes. In seven bespoke tests, devised by principal components analysis to distinguish fetal from adult hepatocytes, HLCs from two different source laboratories consistently demonstrated fetal characteristics. CONCLUSIONS HLCs from different sources are broadly comparable with unbiased proteomic evidence for faithful differentiation down the liver lineage. This current phenotype mimics human fetal rather than adult hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Baxter
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Sarah Withey
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Sean Harrison
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Charis-Patricia Segeritz
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Rebecca Atkinson-Dell
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Cliff Rowe
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Dave T Gerrard
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Rowena Sison-Young
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Roz Jenkins
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Joanne Henry
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Andrew A Berry
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Lisa Mohamet
- Stem Cell Research Group, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Marie Best
- Human Genetics Division, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton, UK
| | - Stephen W Fenwick
- North Western Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Hassan Malik
- North Western Hepatobiliary Unit, Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Longmoor Lane, Liverpool L9 7AL, UK
| | - Neil R Kitteringham
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Chris E Goldring
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics and MRC Centre for Drug Safety Science, University of Liverpool, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, UK
| | - Karen Piper Hanley
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK
| | - Ludovic Vallier
- Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Surgery, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Neil A Hanley
- Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Institute of Human Development, Faculty of Medical & Human Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, AV Hill Building, Oxford Road, Manchester, UK; Endocrinology Department, Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Grafton St, Manchester, UK.
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19
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Herencia C, Almadén Y, Martínez-Moreno JM, Espejo I, Herrera C, Pérez-Sánchez C, Guerrero F, Ciria R, Briceño FJ, Ferrín G, de la Mata M, Muñoz-Castañeda JR. Human mesenchymal stromal cell lysates as a novel strategy to recover liver function. Regen Med 2015; 10:25-38. [PMID: 25562350 DOI: 10.2217/rme.14.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM It is unknown if the beneficial effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) transplantation into the liver are dependent on their anchorage and differentiation into hepatocytes or rather the result of the release of stem cell intracellular content with hepatoprotector properties. MATERIALS & METHODS The effects of intact MSC transplantation were compared with the infusion of MSC lysates in an experimental rat model of acute liver failure. RESULTS A more powerful hepatoprotective and antiapoptotic effect was obtained after infusion of MSC lysates than intact MSC. Changes in IL-6 levels and miRNAs might explain the beneficial effects of MSC lysates. CONCLUSION Infusion of MSC lysates show a better hepatoprotective effect than the transplantation of intact MSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Herencia
- Maimónides Institute for Biomedical Research (IMIBIC)/Reina Sofia University Hospital/University of Córdoba, Avda Menendez-Pidal s/n, CP. 14004, Córdoba, Spain
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20
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Jung WY, Kang JH, Kim KG, Kim HS, Jang BI, Park YH, Song IH. Human adipose-derived stem cells attenuate inflammatory bowel disease in IL-10 knockout mice. Tissue Cell 2014; 47:86-93. [PMID: 25544730 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2014] [Revised: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex immunological disorder characterized by chronic inflammation caused mainly by unknown factors. The interleukin-10 knockout (IL-10 KO) mouse is a well-established murine model of IBD which develops spontaneous intestinal inflammation that resembles Crohn's disease. In the present study, human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) were administrated to IL-10 KO mice to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effects of hAMSCs that may attenuate the progress of or treat IBD. After IBD was induced by feeding the IL-10 KO mouse a 125-250 ppm piroxicam mixed diet for 1 week, 2×10(6) hAMSCs were injected into the peritoneum and the mice were switched to a normal diet. After 1 week, the mice were sacrificed and tissue samples were harvested. Tissue scores for inflammation and inflammation-related genes expression were determined. The hAMSC-treated group showed significantly reduced inflammatory changes in histological analysis. Reverse transcription-PCR analysis showed that RANTES, Toll-like receptor 9, and IL-4 expression levels were not significantly different between the groups while IL-12, INF-γ, and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in the hAMSC treated group. hAMSC attenuated IBD in the IL-10 KO mice by suppressing inflammatory cytokine expression, was mediated by the type 1 helper T cell pathway. Even though only a single injection of hAMSCs was delivered, the effect influenced chronic events associated with inflammatory changes and demonstrated that hAMSCs are a powerful candidate for IBD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yeun Jung
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Joo Hwan Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Gon Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Snn Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Ik Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Hwan Song
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, 170, Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, 705-717, Republic of Korea.
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21
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Wanet A, Remacle N, Najar M, Sokal E, Arnould T, Najimi M, Renard P. Mitochondrial remodeling in hepatic differentiation and dedifferentiation. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 54:174-85. [PMID: 25084555 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2014.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial biogenesis and metabolism have recently emerged as important actors of stemness and differentiation. On the one hand, the differentiation of stem cells is associated with an induction of mitochondrial biogenesis and a shift from glycolysis toward oxidative phosphorylations (OXPHOS). In addition, interfering with mitochondrial biogenesis or function impacts stem cell differentiation. On the other hand, some inverse changes in mitochondrial abundance and function are observed during the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Yet although great promises in cell therapy might generate better knowledge of the mechanisms regulating the stemness and differentiation of somatic stem cells (SSCs)-which are preferred over embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and iPSCs because of ethical and safety considerations-little interest was given to the study of their mitochondria. This study provides a detailed characterization of the mitochondrial biogenesis occurring during the hepatogenic differentiation of bone marrow-mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs). During the hepatogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs, an increased abundance of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is observed, as well as an increased expression of several mitochondrial proteins and biogenesis regulators, concomitant with increased OXPHOS activity, capacity, and efficiency. In addition, opposite changes in mitochondrial morphology and in the abundance of several OXPHOS subunits were found during the spontaneous dedifferentiation of primary hepatocytes. These data support reverse mitochondrial changes in a different context from genetically-engineered reprogramming. They argue in favor of a mitochondrial involvement in hepatic differentiation and dedifferentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaïs Wanet
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Noémie Remacle
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mehdi Najar
- Laboratory of Clinical Cell Therapy, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Etienne Sokal
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
| | - Mustapha Najimi
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Institut de Recherche Clinique et Expérimentale (IREC), Laboratory of Pediatric Hepatology and Cell Therapy, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Patricia Renard
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (URBC), NAmur Research Institute for LIfe Sciences (NARILIS), University of Namur (UNamur), 61 rue de Bruxelles, 5000 Namur, Belgium.
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Liu T, Zhang S, Xiang D, Wang Y. Induction of hepatocyte-like cells from mouse embryonic stem cells by lentivirus-mediated constitutive expression of Foxa2/Hnf4a. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:2531-41. [PMID: 23744720 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes can be generated from embryonic stem cells (ESCs) using inducers such as chemical compounds and cytokines, but issues related to low differentiation efficiencies remain to be resolved. Recent work has shown that overexpression of lineage-specific transcription factors can directly cause cells phenotypic changes, including differentiation, trans-differentiation, and de-differentiation. We hypothesized that lentivirus-mediated constitutive expression of forkhead box A2 (Foxa2) and hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (Hnf4a) could promote inducing mouse ESCs to hepatocyte-likes cells. First, ESC lines that stably expressed Foxa2, Hnf4a, or Foxa2/Hnf4a were constructed via lentiviral expression vectors. Second, observations of cell morphology changes were made during the cell culture process, followed by experiments examining teratoma formation. Then, the effects of constitutive expression of Foxa2 and Hnf4a on hepatic differentiation and maturation were determined by measuring the marker gene expression levels of Albumin, α-fetoprotein, Cytokeratin18, and α1-antitrypsin. The results indicate that constitutive expression of Foxa2 and Hnf4a does not affect ESCs culture, teratoma formation, or the expression levels of the specific hepatocyte genes under autonomous differentiation. However, with some assistance from inducing factors, Foxa2 significantly increased the hepatic differentiation of ESCs, whereas the expression of Hnf4a alone or Foxa2/Hnf4a could not. Differentiated CCE-Foxa2 cells were more superior in expressing several liver-specific markers and protein, storing glycogen than differentiated CCE cells. Therefore, our method employing the transduction of Foxa2 would be a valuable tool for the efficient generation of functional hepatocytes derived from ESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Internal Medicine 3, The Northern Region of No. 401 Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Differential gene expression profiling of enriched human spermatogonia after short- and long-term culture. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:138350. [PMID: 24738045 PMCID: PMC3971551 DOI: 10.1155/2014/138350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to provide a molecular signature for enriched adult human stem/progenitor spermatogonia during short-term (<2 weeks) and long-term culture (up to more than 14 months) in comparison to human testicular fibroblasts and human embryonic stem cells. Human spermatogonia were isolated by CD49f magnetic activated cell sorting and collagen(-)/laminin(+) matrix binding from primary testis cultures obtained from ten adult men. For transcriptomic analysis, single spermatogonia-like cells were collected based on their morphology and dimensions using a micromanipulation system from the enriched germ cell cultures. Immunocytochemical, RT-PCR and microarray analyses revealed that the analyzed populations of cells were distinct at the molecular level. The germ- and pluripotency-associated genes and genes of differentiation/spermatogenesis pathway were highly expressed in enriched short-term cultured spermatogonia. After long-term culture, a proportion of cells retained and aggravated the "spermatogonial" gene expression profile with the expression of germ and pluripotency-associated genes, while in the majority of long-term cultured cells this molecular profile, typical for the differentiation pathway, was reduced and more genes related to the extracellular matrix production and attachment were expressed. The approach we provide here to study the molecular status of in vitro cultured spermatogonia may be important to optimize the culture conditions and to evaluate the germ cell plasticity in the future.
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Clinical Outcome of Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Infusion via Hepatic Artery or Portal Vein in Patients with End-stage Liver Diseases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 29:15-22. [DOI: 10.1016/s1001-9294(14)60018-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Galactosylated collagen matrix enhanced in vitro maturation of human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells. Biotechnol Lett 2014; 36:1095-106. [PMID: 24563289 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-014-1454-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to their important biomedical applications, functional human embryonic stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells (hESC-HLCs) are an attractive topic in the field of stem cell differentiation. Here, we have initially differentiated hESCs into functional hepatic endoderm (HE) and continued the differentiation by replating them onto galactosylated collagen (GC) and collagen matrices. The differentiation of hESC-HE cells into HLCs on GC substrate showed significant up-regulation of hepatic-specific genes such as ALB, HNF4α, CYP3A4, G6P, and ASGR1. There was more albumin secretion and urea synthesis, as well as more cytochrome p450 activity, in differentiated HLCs on GC compared to the collagen-coated substrate. These results suggested that GC substrate has the potential to be used for in vitro maturation of hESC-HLCs.
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Hepatic differentiation of human embryonic stem cells on microcarriers. J Biotechnol 2014; 174:39-48. [PMID: 24480567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Translation of stem cell research to industrial and clinical settings mostly requires large quantities of cells, especially those involving large organs such as the liver. A scalable reactor system is desirable to ensure a reliable supply of sufficient quantities of differentiated cells. To increase the culture efficiency in bioreactor system, high surface to volume ratio needs to be achieved. We employed a microcarrier culture system for the expansion of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as well as for directed differentiation of these cells to hepatocyte-like cells. Cells in single cell suspension were attached to the bead surface in even distribution and were expanded to 1×10(6)cells/ml within 2 days of hESC culture with maintenance of the level of pluripotency markers. Directed differentiation into hepatocyte-like cells on microcarriers, both in static culture and stirred bioreactors, induced similar levels of hepatocyte-like cell differentiation as observed with cells cultured in conventional tissue culture plates. The cells expressed both immature and mature hepatocyte-lineage genes and proteins such as asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGPR-1) and albumin. Differentiated cells exhibited functional characteristics such as secretion of albumin and urea, and CYP3A4 activity could be detected. Microcarriers thus offer the potential for large-scale expansion and differentiation of hESCs induced hepatocyte-like cells in a more controllable bioreactor environment.
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Probert PME, Chung GW, Cockell SJ, Agius L, Mosesso P, White SA, Oakley F, Brown CDA, Wright MC. Utility of B-13 progenitor-derived hepatocytes in hepatotoxicity and genotoxicity studies. Toxicol Sci 2013; 137:350-70. [PMID: 24235770 PMCID: PMC3908725 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
AR42J-B-13 (B-13) cells form hepatocyte-like (B-13/H) cells in response to glucocorticoid treatment. To establish its utility in toxicity and genotoxicity screening, cytochrome P450 (CYP) induction, susceptibility to toxins, and transporter gene expression were examined. Conversion to B-13/H cells resulted in expression of male-specific CYP2C11 and sensitivity to methapyrilene. B-13/H cells constitutively expressed CYP1A, induced expression in response to an aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonist, and activated benzo[α]pyrene to a DNA-damaging species. Functional CYP1A2 was not expressed due to deletions in the Cyp1a2 gene. A B-13 cell line stably expressing the human CYP1A2 was therefore engineered (B-13−TR/h1A2) and the derived B-13/H cells expressed metabolically functional CYP1A2. Treatment with the cooked food mutagen 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo(4,5-b)pyridine resulted in a dose-dependent increase in DNA damage. B-13/H cells expressed constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) and induced CYP2B1 mRNA levels in response to classical CAR activators. However, translation to functional CYP2B1 protein was low and increased minimally by CAR activator treatment. B-13/H cells expressed high levels of pregnane X-receptor (PXR) and induced CYP3A1 in response to classical PXR activators. CYP3A genes were inducible, functional, and activated aflatoxin B1 to a DNA-damaging species. All 23 major hepatic transporters were induced when B-13 cells were converted to B-13/H cells, although in many cases, levels remained below those present in adult rat liver. However, bile salt export pump, Abcb1b, multidrug resistance-associated protein, and breast cancer resistance protein transporters were functional in B-13/H cells. These data demonstrate that the B-13 cell generates hepatocyte-like cells with functional drug metabolism and transporter activities, which can alone—or in a humanized form—be used to screen for hepatotoxic and genotoxic endpoints in vitro.
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He Y, Zhou JW, Xu L, Gong MJ, He TC, Bi Y. Comparison of proliferation and differentiation potential between mouse primary hepatocytes and embryonic hepatic progenitor cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:476-84. [PMID: 23756629 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2013] [Accepted: 05/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy may be a novel and effective treatment strategy for liver diseases, replacing liver transplantation. The potential of two alternative cell types (hepatic progenitor/stem cells and mature hepatocytes) has not yet been fully assessed; the issues of low amplification efficiency and recovery function remain to be resolved. In this study, we investigated the proliferation, differentiation and function of primary mouse mature hepatocytes and embryonic hepatic progenitor cells. Primary cells were obtained from the livers of mouse embryos at 14.5 days post coitus [hepatic progenitor 14.5d (HP14.5d) cells], as well as from the livers of 3-month-old mice [liver cells 3m (LC3m)]. Using trypan blue staining and crystal violet staining to detect cell viability, we found that compared with the limited growth capability of primary LC3m cells, primary HP14.5d cells exhibited an active cell proliferation; however, proliferative ability of passaged HP14.5d cells significantly decreased. After the HP14.5d cells were treated in hepatic induction medium, the expression of progenitor cell markers decreased and that of mature hepatic markers increased, to levels similar to those of LC3m cells. On day 12 of induction, the HP14.5d cells showed comparable indocyanine green (ICG) uptake and glycogen storage to that of the LC3m cells. Therefore, our study demonstrates that primary hepatic progenitor cells have a stronger proliferation capacity and differentiation potential, supporting their clinical application in liver cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun He
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stem Cell Biology and Therapy Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Chongqing Stem Cell Therapy Engineering Technical Center, The Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400014, P.R. China
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Implication for bone marrow derived stem cells in hepatocyte regeneration after orthotopic liver transplantation. Int J Hepatol 2013; 2013:310612. [PMID: 24109514 PMCID: PMC3784276 DOI: 10.1155/2013/310612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The liver has the outstanding ability to regenerate itself and restore parenchymal tissue after injury. The most common cell source in liver growth/regeneration is replication of preexisting hepatocytes although liver progenitor cells have been postulated to participate in liver regeneration in cases of massive injury. Bone marrow derived hematopoietic stem cells (BM-HSC) have the formal capacity to act as a source for hepatic regeneration under special circumstances; however, the impact of this process in liver tissue maintenance and regeneration remains controversial. Whether BM-HSC are involved in liver regeneration or not would be of particular interest as the cells have been suggested to be an alternative donor source for the treatment of liver failure. Data from murine models of liver disease show that BM-HSC can repopulate liver tissue and restore liver function; however, data obtained from human liver transplantation show only little evidence for liver regeneration by this mechanism. The cell source for liver regeneration seems to depend on the nature of regeneration process and the extent of injury; however, the precise mechanisms still need to be resolved. Current data suggest, that in human orthotopic liver transplantation, liver regeneration by BM-HSC is a rather rare event and therefore not of clinical relevance.
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