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Damare R, Engle K, Kumar G. Targeting epidermal growth factor receptor and its downstream signaling pathways by natural products: A mechanistic insight. Phytother Res 2024; 38:2406-2447. [PMID: 38433568 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) that maintains normal tissues and cell signaling pathways. EGFR is overactivated and overexpressed in many malignancies, including breast, lung, pancreatic, and kidney. Further, the EGFR gene mutations and protein overexpression activate downstream signaling pathways in cancerous cells, stimulating the growth, survival, resistance to apoptosis, and progression of tumors. Anti-EGFR therapy is the potential approach for treating malignancies and has demonstrated clinical success in treating specific cancers. The recent report suggests most of the clinically used EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors developed resistance to the cancer cells. This perspective provides a brief overview of EGFR and its implications in cancer. We have summarized natural products-derived anticancer compounds with the mechanistic basis of tumor inhibition via the EGFR pathway. We propose that developing natural lead molecules into new anticancer agents has a bright future after clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rutuja Damare
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Kritika Engle
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Gautam Kumar
- Department of Natural Products, Chemical Sciences, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
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Huang A, Xu T, Lu X, Ma L, Ma H, Yu Y, Yao L. Shh-Gli2-Runx2 inhibits vascular calcification. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2024; 39:305-316. [PMID: 37451818 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfad165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), vascular calcification (VC) is common and is associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality. Shh, one ligand for Hedgehog (Hh) signaling, participates in osteogenesis and several cardiovascular diseases. However, it remains unclear whether Shh is implicated in the development of VC. METHODS Inorganic phosphorus 2.6 mM was used to induce vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) calcification. Mice were fed with adenine diet supplement with 1.2% phosphorus to induce VC. RESULTS Shh was decreased in VSMCs exposed to inorganic phosphorus, calcified arteries in mice fed with an adenine diet, as well as radial arteries from patients with CKD presenting VC. Overexpression of Shh inhibited VSMCs ostosteoblastic differentiation and calcification, whereas its silencing accelerated these processes. Likewise, mice treated with smoothened agonist (SAG; Hh signaling agonist) showed alleviated VC, and mice treated with cyclopamine (CPN; Hh signaling antagonist) exhibited severe VC. Additionally, overexpression of Gli2 significantly reversed the pro-calcification effect of Shh silencing on VSMCs, suggesting that Shh inhibited VC via Gli2. Mechanistically, Gli2 interacted with Runx2 and promoted its ubiquitin proteasomal degradation, therefore protecting against VC. Of interest, the pro-degradation effect of Gli2 on Runx2 was independent of Smurf1 and Cullin4B. CONCLUSIONS Our study provided deeper insight to the pathogenesis of VC, and Shh might be a novel potential target for VC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoran Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tianhua Xu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaomei Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ling Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Haiying Ma
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanqiu Yu
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Shenyang Engineering Technology R&D Center of Cell Therapy Co. Ltd, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Yao
- Department of Nephrology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Piao M, Lee SH, Li Y, Choi JK, Yeo CY, Lee KY. Cyclophilin E (CypE) Functions as a Positive Regulator in Osteoblast Differentiation by Regulating the Transcriptional Activity of Runx2. Cells 2023; 12:2549. [PMID: 37947627 PMCID: PMC10648996 DOI: 10.3390/cells12212549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin E (CypE) belongs to the cyclophilin family and exhibits peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) activity. It participates in various biological processes through the regulation of peptidyl-prolyl isomerization. However, the specific role of CypE in osteoblast differentiation has not yet been elucidated. In this study, we first discovered the positive impact of CypE on osteoblast differentiation through gain or loss of function experiments. Mechanistically, CypE enhances the transcriptional activity of Runx2 through its PPIase activity. Furthermore, we identified the involvement of the Akt signaling pathway in CypE's function in osteoblast differentiation. Taken together, our findings indicate that CypE plays an important role in osteoblast differentiation as a positive regulator by increasing the transcriptional activity of Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Piao
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Sung Ho Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuankuan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Joong-Kook Choi
- Division of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheong-Ju 28644, Republic of Korea;
| | - Chang-Yeol Yeo
- Department of Life Science and Research Center for Cellular Homeostasis, Ewha Woman’s University, Seoul 03760, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Youl Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Republic of Korea; (M.P.); (S.H.L.); (Y.L.)
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Roy A, Chauhan S, Bhattacharya S, Jakhmola V, Tyagi K, Sachdeva A, Wasai A, Mandal S. Runt-related transcription factors in human carcinogenesis: a friend or foe? J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2023:10.1007/s00432-023-04769-0. [PMID: 37081242 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-04769-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer is one of the deadliest pathologies with more than 19 million new cases and 10 million cancer-related deaths across the globe. Despite development of advanced therapeutic interventions, cancer remains as a fatal pathology due to lack of early prognostic biomarkers, therapy resistance and requires identification of novel drug targets. METHODS Runt-related transcription factors (Runx) family controls several cellular and physiological functions including osteogenesis. Recent literatures from PubMed was mined and the review was written in comprehensive manner RESULTS: Recent literature suggests that aberrant expression of Runx contributes to tumorigenesis of many organs. Conversely, cell- and tissue-specific tumor suppressor roles of Runx are also reported. In this review, we have provided the structural/functional properties of Runx isoforms and its regulation in context of human cancer. Moreover, in an urgent need to discover novel therapeutic interventions against cancer, we comprehensively discussed the reported oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of Runx isoforms in several tumor types and discussed the discrepancies that may have risen on Runx as a driver of malignant transformation. CONCLUSION Runx may be a novel therapeutic target against a battery of deadly human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhiraj Roy
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India.
| | - Shivi Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Sujata Bhattacharya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Vibhuti Jakhmola
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Komal Tyagi
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abha Sachdeva
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Abdul Wasai
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine & Stem Cell Research, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, 201303, India
| | - Supratim Mandal
- Department of Microbiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, West Bengal, 741235, India
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Khan AS, Campbell KJ, Cameron ER, Blyth K. The RUNX/CBFβ Complex in Breast Cancer: A Conundrum of Context. Cells 2023; 12:641. [PMID: 36831308 PMCID: PMC9953914 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Dissecting and identifying the major actors and pathways in the genesis, progression and aggressive advancement of breast cancer is challenging, in part because neoplasms arising in this tissue represent distinct diseases and in part because the tumors themselves evolve. This review attempts to illustrate the complexity of this mutational landscape as it pertains to the RUNX genes and their transcription co-factor CBFβ. Large-scale genomic studies that characterize genetic alterations across a disease subtype are a useful starting point and as such have identified recurring alterations in CBFB and in the RUNX genes (particularly RUNX1). Intriguingly, the functional output of these mutations is often context dependent with regards to the estrogen receptor (ER) status of the breast cancer. Therefore, such studies need to be integrated with an in-depth understanding of both the normal and corrupted function in mammary cells to begin to tease out how loss or gain of function can alter the cell phenotype and contribute to disease progression. We review how alterations to RUNX/CBFβ function contextually ascribe to breast cancer subtypes and discuss how the in vitro analyses and mouse model systems have contributed to our current understanding of these proteins in the pathogenesis of this complex set of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adiba S. Khan
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
| | - Kirsteen J. Campbell
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
| | - Ewan R. Cameron
- School of Biodiversity One Health & Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK;
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Garscube Estate, Switchback Rd, Glasgow G61 1BD, UK; (A.S.K.); (K.J.C.)
- School of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G61 1QH, UK
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Cyclophilin A Promotes Osteoblast Differentiation by Regulating Runx2. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169244. [PMID: 36012517 PMCID: PMC9409320 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophilin A (CypA) is a ubiquitously expressed and highly conserved protein with peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase activity that is involved in various biological activities by regulating protein folding and trafficking. Although CypA has been reported to positively regulate osteoblast differentiation, the mechanistic details remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the mechanism of CypA-mediated regulation of osteoblast differentiation. Overexpression of CypA promoted osteoblast differentiation in bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP4)-treated C2C12 cells, while knockdown of CypA inhibited osteoblast differentiation in BMP4-treated C2C12. CypA and Runx2 were shown to interact based on immunoprecipitation experiments and CypA increased Runx2 transcriptional activity in a dose-dependent manner. Our results indicate that this may be because CypA can increase the DNA binding affinity of Runx2 to Runx2 binding sites such as osteoblast-specific cis-acting element 2. Furthermore, to identify factors upstream of CypA in the regulation of osteoblast differentiation, various kinase inhibitors known to affect osteoblast differentiation were applied during osteogenesis. Akt inhibition resulted in the most significant suppression of osteogenesis in BMP4-induced C2C12 cells overexpressing CypA. Taken together, our results show that CypA positively regulates osteoblast differentiation by increasing the DNA binding affinity of Runx2, and Akt signaling is upstream of CypA.
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A Low-Phenylalanine-Containing Whey Protein Hydrolysate Stimulates Osteogenic Activity through the Activation of p38/Runx2 Signaling in Osteoblast Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14153135. [PMID: 35956311 PMCID: PMC9370741 DOI: 10.3390/nu14153135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A phenylalanine (Phe)-restricted diet is indispensable for individuals suffering from phenylketonuria (PKU). Our previous study reported a low-Phe-containing whey protein hydrolysate (LPH) prepared from a selected whey protein hydrolysate (TA2H). This study aimed to investigate the osteogenic activity of LPH and TA2H in MC3T3-E1 preosteoblast cells and explore the underlying mechanism. Results showed that the treatment of TA2H and LPH (at the final concentrations of 100–1000 μg/mL) had a stimulatory effect on the proliferation, differentiation, and mineralization of MC3T3-E1 cells. The LPH of 1000 μg/mL significantly increased cell proliferation (2.15- ± 0.11-fold) and alkaline phosphatase activity (1.22- ± 0.07-fold), promoted the protein and mRNA levels of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2, 2.50- ± 0.14-fold and 2.97- ± 0.23-fold, respectively), enhanced the expression of differentiation biomarkers (type-I collagen, osteocalcin, and osteopontin), increased calcium deposition (1.56- ± 0.08-fold), and upregulated the ratio of osteoprotegerin/receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand. The exploration of signaling pathways indicated that the activated p38-dependent Runx2 signaling contributed to the LPH-induced osteogenesis. These results provided evidence, for the first time, that a prepared low-Phe whey protein hydrolysate positively modulated the activity of osteoblasts through the p38/Runx2 pathway, thereby providing a new osteoinductive protein substitute to make functional PKU food.
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BMP Signaling Pathway in Dentin Development and Diseases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11142216. [PMID: 35883659 PMCID: PMC9317121 DOI: 10.3390/cells11142216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BMP signaling plays an important role in dentin development. BMPs and antagonists regulate odontoblast differentiation and downstream gene expression via canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways. The interaction of BMPs with their receptors leads to the formation of complexes and the transduction of signals to the canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, BMP ligands, receptors, and Smads) and the non-canonical Smad signaling pathway (for example, MAPKs, p38, Erk, JNK, and PI3K/Akt) to regulate dental mesenchymal stem cell/progenitor proliferation and differentiation during dentin development and homeostasis. Both the canonical Smad and non-canonical Smad signaling pathways converge at transcription factors, such as Dlx3, Osx, Runx2, and others, to promote the differentiation of dental pulp mesenchymal cells into odontoblasts and downregulated gene expressions, such as those of DSPP and DMP1. Dysregulated BMP signaling causes a number of tooth disorders in humans. Mutation or knockout of BMP signaling-associated genes in mice results in dentin defects which enable a better understanding of the BMP signaling networks underlying odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. This review summarizes the recent advances in our understanding of BMP signaling in odontoblast differentiation and dentin formation. It includes discussion of the expression of BMPs, their receptors, and the implicated downstream genes during dentinogenesis. In addition, the structures of BMPs, BMP receptors, antagonists, and dysregulation of BMP signaling pathways associated with dentin defects are described.
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Kumar N, Saraber P, Ding Z, Kusumbe AP. Diversity of Vascular Niches in Bones and Joints During Homeostasis, Ageing, and Diseases. Front Immunol 2021; 12:798211. [PMID: 34975909 PMCID: PMC8718446 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The bones and joints in the skeletal system are composed of diverse cell types, including vascular niches, bone cells, connective tissue cells and mineral deposits and regulate whole-body homeostasis. The capacity of maintaining strength and generation of blood lineages lies within the skeletal system. Bone harbours blood and immune cells and their progenitors, and vascular cells provide several immune cell type niches. Blood vessels in bone are phenotypically and functionally diverse, with distinct capillary subtypes exhibiting striking changes with age. The bone vasculature has a special impact on osteogenesis and haematopoiesis, and dysregulation of the vasculature is associated with diverse blood and bone diseases. Ageing is associated with perturbed haematopoiesis, loss of osteogenesis, increased adipogenesis and diminished immune response and immune cell production. Endothelial and perivascular cells impact immune cell production and play a crucial role during inflammation. Here, we discuss normal and maladapted vascular niches in bone during development, homeostasis, ageing and bone diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. Further, we discuss the role of vascular niches during bone malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anjali P. Kusumbe
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences (NDORMS), Tissue and Tumor Microenvironments Group, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Li W, Feng W, Su X, Luo D, Li Z, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Zhang M, Chen J, Liu B, Huang H. SIRT6 protects vascular smooth muscle cell from osteogenic transdifferentiation via Runx2 in chronic kidney disease. J Clin Invest 2021; 132:150051. [PMID: 34793336 PMCID: PMC8718147 DOI: 10.1172/jci150051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification (VC) is regarded as an important pathological change lacking effective treatment and associated with high mortality. Sirtuin 6 (SIRT6) is a member of the Sirtuin family, a class III histone deacetylase and a key epigenetic regulator. SIRT6 has a protective role in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the exact role and molecular mechanism of SIRT6 in VC in patients with CKD remain unclear. Here, we demonstrated that SIRT6 was markedly downregulated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and in the radial artery tissue of patients with CKD with VC. SIRT6-transgenic (SIRT6-Tg) mice showed alleviated VC, while vascular smooth muscle cell–specific (VSMC-specific) SIRT6 knocked-down mice showed severe VC in CKD. SIRT6 suppressed the osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs via regulation of runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) and immunoprecipitation (IP) assays confirmed that SIRT6 bound to Runx2. Moreover, Runx2 was deacetylated by SIRT6 and further promoted nuclear export via exportin 1 (XPO1), which in turn caused degradation of Runx2 through the ubiquitin-proteasome system. These results demonstrated that SIRT6 prevented VC by suppressing the osteogenic transdifferentiation of VSMCs, and as such targeting SIRT6 may be an appealing therapeutic target for VC in CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxin Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weijing Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaoyan Su
- Department of Nephropathy, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Dongling Luo
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhibing Li
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongqiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Mengbi Zhang
- Department of Nephropathy, Tungwah Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Dongguan, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Baohua Liu
- Shenzhen University Health Science Center, ShenZhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Cardiology, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
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Identification of a Novel Mutation in the Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2 Gene in a Chinese Family With Cleidocranial Dysplasia. J Craniofac Surg 2021; 32:e541-e544. [PMID: 33538445 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000007510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an uncommon autosomal dominant disease, characterized by hypoplasia of clavicles, delayed fontanelle closure, dental anomalies, and short stature. It has been reported in the literature that the pathogenic variants of Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene are correlated with CCD patients.Here, we report a consanguineous Chinese family with 2 patients suffering from CCD, presenting similar skeleton and dentition malformation. Upon whole-exome sequencing, 52863 variants were detected in the propositus. Based on the genotype phenotype correlation, a frameshift deletion c.1554delG p.(Trp518Cysfs∗61), located in exon 8 of RUNX2, remained after filtration. For Sanger sequencing, all exons of the RUNX2 gene in members of this Chinese family were amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Mutation mentioned above was confirmed in the propositus and his mother, which has not been reported previously and cannot be found in the publicly available databases. The present study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of RUNX2 gene and contributes to molecular diagnosis.
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Chen Y, Zhao X, Wu H. Transcriptional Programming in Arteriosclerotic Disease: A Multifaceted Function of the Runx2 (Runt-Related Transcription Factor 2). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:20-34. [PMID: 33115268 PMCID: PMC7770073 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.120.313791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite successful therapeutic strategies in the prevention and treatment of arteriosclerosis, the cardiovascular complications remain a major clinical and societal issue worldwide. Increased vascular calcification promotes arterial stiffness and accelerates cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Upregulation of the Runx2 (Runt-related transcription factor 2), an essential osteogenic transcription factor for bone formation, in the cardiovascular system has emerged as an important regulator for adverse cellular events that drive cardiovascular pathology. This review discusses the regulatory mechanisms that are critical for Runx2 expression and function and highlights the dynamic and complex cross talks of a wide variety of posttranslational modifications, including phosphorylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification, in regulating Runx2 stability, cellular localization, and osteogenic transcriptional activity. How the activation of an array of signaling cascades by circulating and local microenvironmental factors upregulates Runx2 in vascular cells and promotes Runx2-mediated osteogenic transdifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells and expression of inflammatory cytokines that accelerate macrophage infiltration and vascular osteoclast formation is summarized. Furthermore, the increasing appreciation of a new role of Runx2 upregulation in promoting vascular smooth muscle cell phenotypic switch, and Runx2 modulated by O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine modification and Runx2-dependent repression of smooth muscle cell-specific gene expression are discussed. Further exploring the regulation of this key osteogenic transcription factor and its new perspectives in the vasculature will provide novel insights into the transcriptional regulation of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype switch, reprograming, and vascular inflammation that promote the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabing Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham
- Research Department, Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama 35294
| | - Xinyang Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham
| | - Hui Wu
- Department of Integrative Biomedical & Diagnostic Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon 97239
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Specific Akt Family Members Impair Stress-Mediated Transactivation of Viral Promoters and Enhance Neuronal Differentiation: Important Functions for Maintaining Latency. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.00901-20. [PMID: 32796067 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00901-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotropic Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members such as bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) establish and maintain lifelong latent infections in neurons. Following infection of ocular, oral, or nasal cavities, sensory neurons within trigeminal ganglia (TG) are an important site for latency. Certain external stressors can trigger reactivation from latency, in part because activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) stimulates productive infection and promoters that drive expression of key viral transcriptional regulators. The Akt serine/threonine protein kinase family is linked to maintaining latency. For example, Akt3 is detected in more TG neurons during BoHV-1 latency than in reactivation and uninfected calves. Furthermore, Akt signaling correlates with maintaining HSV-1 latency in certain neuronal models of latency. Finally, an active Akt protein kinase is crucial for the ability of the HSV-1 latency-associated transcript (LAT) to inhibit apoptosis in neuronal cell lines. Consequently, we hypothesized that viral and/or cellular factors impair stress-induced transcription and reduce the incidence of reactivation triggered by low levels of stress. New studies demonstrate that Akt1 and Akt2, but not Akt3, significantly reduced GR-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 (IEtu1) promoter, the HSV-1 infected cell protein 0 (ICP0) promoter, and the mouse mammary tumor virus long terminal repeat (MMTV-LTR). Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, significantly enhanced neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, which correlates with repairing damaged neurons. These studies suggest that unique biological properties of the three Akt family members promote the maintenance of latency in differentiated neurons.IMPORTANCE External stressful stimuli are known to increase the incidence of reactivation of Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily members. Activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) by the synthetic corticosteroid dexamethasone (DEX) stimulates bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) and herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) reactivation. Furthermore, GR and dexamethasone stimulate productive infection and promoters that drive expression of viral transcriptional regulators. These observations lead us to predict that stress-induced transcription is impaired by factors abundantly expressed during latency. Interestingly, activation of the Akt family of serine/threonine protein kinases is linked to maintenance of latency. New studies reveal that Akt1 and Ak2, but not Akt3, impaired GR- and dexamethasone-mediated transactivation of the BoHV-1 immediate early transcription unit 1 and HSV-1 ICP0 promoters. Strikingly, Akt3, but not Akt1 or Akt2, stimulated neurite formation in mouse neuroblastoma cells, a requirement for neurogenesis. These studies provide insight into how Akt family members may promote the maintenance of lifelong latency.
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Aonuma T, Tamamura N, Fukunaga T, Sakai Y, Takeshita N, Shigemi S, Yamashiro T, Thesleff I, Takano-Yamamoto T. Delayed tooth movement in Runx2 +/- mice associated with mTORC2 in stretch-induced bone formation. Bone Rep 2020; 12:100285. [PMID: 32509933 PMCID: PMC7264061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2020.100285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation, and is activated by mechanical stress to promote osteoblast function. Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is caused by mutations of RUNX2, and CCD patients exhibit malocclusion and often need orthodontic treatment. However, treatment is difficult because of impaired tooth movement, the reason of which has not been clarified. We examined the amount of experimental tooth movement in Runx2+/− mice, the animal model of CCD, and investigated bone formation on the tension side of experimental tooth movement in vivo. Continuous stretch was conducted to bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) as an in vitro model of the tension side of tooth movement. Compared to wild-type littermates the Runx2+/− mice exhibited delayed experimental tooth movement, and osteoid formation and osteocalcin (OSC) mRNA expression were impaired in osteoblasts on the tension side of tooth movement. Runx2 heterozygous deficiency delayed stretch-induced increase of DNA content in BMSCs, and also delayed and reduced stretch-induced alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, OSC mRNA expression, and calcium content of BMSCs in osteogenic medium. Furthermore Runx2+/− mice exhibited delayed and suppressed expression of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and rapamycin-insensitive companion of mTOR (Rictor), essential factors of mTORC2, which is regulated by Runx2 to phosphorylate Akt to regulate cell proliferation and differentiation, in osteoblasts on the tension side of tooth movement in vivo and in vitro. Loss of half Runx2 gene dosage inhibited stretch-induced PI3K dependent mTORC2/Akt activity to promote BMSCs proliferation. Furthermore, Runx2+/− BMSCs in osteogenic medium exhibited delayed and suppressed stretch-induced expression of mTOR and Rictor. mTORC2 regulated stretch-elevated Runx2 and ALP mRNA expression in BMSCs in osteogenic medium. We conclude that Runx2+/− mice present a useful model of CCD patients for elucidation of the molecular mechanisms in bone remodeling during tooth movement, and that Runx2 plays a role in stretch-induced proliferation and osteogenesis in BMSCs via mTORC2 activation. Experimental tooth movement is delayed in Runx2+/− mice compared with wild-type mice. Runx2 plays a role in stretch-induced proliferation and differentiation of BMSCs via mTORC2 activation. Runx2+/− mice are useful model to clarify the mechanical stress-induced bone remodeling in CCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomo Aonuma
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nagato Tamamura
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City, Okayama 700-8558, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Fukunaga
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yuichi Sakai
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Nobuo Takeshita
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Shohei Shigemi
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamashiro
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, 1-8 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Irma Thesleff
- Research Program in Developmental Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, POB56, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teruko Takano-Yamamoto
- Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, 4-1, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8575, Japan.,Department of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8586, Japan
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15
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Kim HJ, Kim WJ, Ryoo HM. Post-Translational Regulations of Transcriptional Activity of RUNX2. Mol Cells 2020; 43:160-167. [PMID: 31878768 PMCID: PMC7057842 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2019.0247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a key transcription factor for bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. Various signaling pathways and mechanisms that regulate the expression and transcriptional activity of RUNX2 have been thoroughly investigated since the involvement of RUNX2 was first reported in bone formation. As the regulation of Runx2 expression by extracellular signals has recently been reviewed, this review focuses on the regulation of post-translational RUNX2 activity. Transcriptional activity of RUNX2 is regulated at the post-translational level by various enzymes including kinases, acetyl transferases, deacetylases, ubiquitin E3 ligases, and prolyl isomerases. We describe a sequential and linear causality between post-translational modifications of RUNX2 by these enzymes. RUNX2 is one of the most important osteogenic transcription factors; however, it is not a suitable drug target. Here, we suggest enzymes that directly regulate the stability and/or transcriptional activity of RUNX2 at a post-translational level as effective drug targets for treating bone diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Hyun-Mo Ryoo
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Dental Pharmacology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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16
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Luan Z, Li J, Huang X, Feng W, Ma S, Song F, Wu Z, Zhang X, Wei L, Yang Z, Yao J. Gö6983 attenuates breast cancer-induced osteolysis by the apoptotic pathway. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:838-847. [PMID: 31814221 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Bone metastasis caused by breast cancer leads to significant complications in treatment, and the resulting osteolysis considerably affects patients' overall survival and quality of life. Gö6983 is a broad spectrum protein kinase C inhibitor. In this study, based on our finding that the Gö6983 inhibits osteolysis, we applied Gö6983 to the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer-induced mouse bone metastasis model. And we found that Gö6983 has a strong inhibitory effect on the tumorigenic model of breast cancer by promoting the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Our study, therefore, demonstrates that Gö6983 has a potential inhibitory effect on breast cancer-induced osteoclast activation and provides mechanistic insight that may prove useful for designing future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Luan
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Jia Li
- Departments of Pathology, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xing Huang
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Wenyu Feng
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Shiting Ma
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Fengyang Song
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhengyuan Wu
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhang
- Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomedicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Linfeng Wei
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhenyi Yang
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Jun Yao
- Departments of Orthopedics, The First Affliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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17
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Bolf EL, Gillis NE, Barnum MS, Beaudet CM, Yu GY, Tomczak JA, Stein JL, Lian JB, Stein GS, Carr FE. The Thyroid Hormone Receptor-RUNX2 Axis: A Novel Tumor Suppressive Pathway in Breast Cancer. Discov Oncol 2019; 11:34-41. [PMID: 31865591 DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is refractory to conventional therapies and is an end-stage disease. RUNX2 is a transcription factor that becomes oncogenic when aberrantly expressed in multiple tumor types, including breast cancer, supporting tumor progression and metastases. Our previous work demonstrated that the thyroid hormone receptor beta (TRβ) inhibits RUNX2 expression and tumorigenic characteristics in thyroid cells. As TRβ is a tumor suppressor, we investigated the compelling question whether TRβ also regulates RUNX2 in breast cancer. The Cancer Genome Atlas indicates that TRβ expression is decreased in the most aggressive basal-like subtype of breast cancer. We established that modulated levels of TRβ results in corresponding changes in the high levels of RUNX2 expression in metastatic, basal-like breast cells. The MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer cell line exhibits low expression of TRβ and high levels of RUNX2. Increased expression of TRβ decreased RUNX2 levels. The thyroid hormone-mediated suppression of RUNX2 is TRβ specific as TRα overexpression failed to alter RUNX2 expression. Consistent with these findings, knockdown of TRβ in non-tumor MCF10A mammary epithelial-like cells results in an increase in RUNX2 and RUNX2 target genes. Mechanistically, TRβ directly interacts with the proximal promoter of RUNX2 through a thyroid hormone response element to reduce promoter activity. The TRβ suppression of the oncogene RUNX2 is a signaling pathway shared by thyroid and breast cancers. Our findings provide a novel mechanism for TRβ-mediated tumor suppression in breast cancers. This pathway may be common to many solid tumors and impact treatment for metastatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Bolf
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Noelle E Gillis
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Michael S Barnum
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Caitlin M Beaudet
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Grace Y Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer A Tomczak
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Frances E Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA. .,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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18
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Gao X, Li K, Fan Y, Sun Y, Luo X, Wang L, Liu H, Gong Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Gu X, Yu Y. Identification of RUNX2 variants associated with cleidocranial dysplasia. Hereditas 2019; 156:31. [PMID: 31548836 PMCID: PMC6747736 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-019-0107-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder mainly characterized by hypoplastic or absent clavicles, delayed closure of the fontanelles, multiple dental abnormalities, and short stature. Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) gene variants can cause CCD, but are not identified in all CCD patients. Methods In this study, we detected genetic variants in seven unrelated children with CCD by targeted high-throughput DNA sequencing or Sanger sequencing. Results All patients carried a RUNX2 variant, totally including three novel pathogenic variants (c.722_725delTGTT, p.Leu241Serfs*8; c.231_232delTG, Ala78Glyfs*82; c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*), three reported pathogenic variants (c.577C > T, p.Arg193*; c.574G > A, p.Gly192Arg; c.673 C > T, p.Arg225Trp), one likely pathogenic variant (c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val). The analysis of the variant source showed that all variants were de novo except the two variants (c.909C > G, p.Tyr303*; c.668G > T, p.Gly223Val) inherited from the patient’s father and mother with CCD respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis indicated that these variants could influence the structure of RUNX2 protein by changing the number of H-bonds or amino acids. The experimental result showed that the Gly223Val mutation made RUNX2 protein unable to quantitatively accumulate in the nucleus. Conclusions The present study expands the pathogenic variant spectrum of RUNX2 gene, which will contribute to the diagnosis of CCD and better genetic counseling in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueren Gao
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Kunxia Li
- 2The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong China
| | - Yanjie Fan
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Sun
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xiaomei Luo
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Lili Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Huili Liu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhuwen Gong
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yu Wang
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Xuefan Gu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Yongguo Yu
- 1Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Genetics, Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200092 China
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19
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Bai Y, Yang Y, Yan Y, Zhong J, Blee AM, Pan Y, Ma T, Karnes RJ, Jimenez R, Xu W, Huang H. RUNX2 overexpression and PTEN haploinsufficiency cooperate to promote CXCR7 expression and cellular trafficking, AKT hyperactivation and prostate tumorigenesis. Theranostics 2019; 9:3459-3475. [PMID: 31281490 PMCID: PMC6587168 DOI: 10.7150/thno.33292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: The overall success rate of prostate cancer (PCa) diagnosis and therapy has been improved over the years. However, genomic and phenotypic heterogeneity remains a major challenge for effective detection and treatment of PCa. Efforts to better classify PCa into functional subtypes and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate tumorigenesis and therapy resistance are warranted for further improvement of PCa outcomes. Methods: We generated Cre+;Runx2-cTg;Ptenp/+ (Runx2-Pten double mutant) mice by crossbreeding Cre+;Runx2-cTg males with Pten conditional (Ptenp/p) females. By using Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining, SMA and Masson's Trichrome staining, we investigated the effect of PTEN haploinsufficiency in combination with Runx2 overexpression on prostate tumorigenesis. Moreover, we employed immunohistochemistry (IHC) to stain Ki67 for cell proliferation, cleaved caspase 3 for apoptosis and AKT phosphorylation for signaling pathway in prostate tissues. Chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled quantitative PCR (ChIP-qPCR), reverse transcription coupled quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), western blot (WB) analyses and immunofluorescence (IF) were conducted to determine the underlying mechanism by which RUNX2 regulates CXCR7 and AKT phosphorylation in PCa cells. Results: We demonstrated that mice with prostate-specific Pten heterozygous deletion and Runx2 overexpression developed high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and cancerous lesions at age younger than one year, with concomitant high level expression of Akt phosphorylation and the chemokine receptor Cxcr7 in malignant glands. RUNX2 overexpression induced CXCR7 transcription and membrane location and AKT phosphorylation in PTEN-deficient human PCa cell lines. Increased expression of RUNX2 also promoted growth of PCa cells and this effect was largely mediated by CXCR7. CXCR7 expression also positively correlated with AKT phosphorylation in PCa patient specimens. Conclusions: Our results reveal a previously unidentified cooperative role of RUNX2 overexpression and PTEN haploinsufficiency in prostate tumorigenesis, suggesting that the defined RUNX2-CXCR7-AKT axis can be a viable target for effective treatment of PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology and Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yinhui Yang
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology and Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yuqian Yan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jian Zhong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Alexandra M. Blee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Yunqian Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Tao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - R. Jeffrey Karnes
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rafael Jimenez
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wanhai Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Scientific Research in Urology and Department of Urology, the Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, 150081, China
| | - Haojie Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Department of Urology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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20
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Won GW, Sung M, Lee Y, Lee YH. MST2 kinase regulates osteoblast differentiation by phosphorylating and inhibiting Runx2 in C2C12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 512:591-597. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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21
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Bolf EL, Sprague BL, Carr FE. A Linkage Between Thyroid and Breast Cancer: A Common Etiology? Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018; 28:643-649. [PMID: 30541751 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-18-0877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast and thyroid cancers are two malignancies with highest incidence in women. These cancers often occur metachronously. Women with thyroid cancer are at increased risk for subsequent breast cancer; women with breast cancer have an increased incidence of later development of thyroid cancer, suggesting a common etiology. This bidirectional relationship is reported worldwide; however, the underlying reasons for this co-occurrence are unknown. In this review, we summarize the current epidemiologic evidence and putative mechanisms of these metachronous or synchronous cancers. Key potential causative factors are chemotherapy and radiotherapy of the primary tumor, genetic variants linking the two diseases, hormonal signaling both from the thyroid gland and from estrogens, and lifestyle and environmental factors. There is a critical need for additional epidemiologic studies focused on gender and regional incidence together with molecular investigations on common tumorigenic pathways in these endocrine cancers. Understanding the putative mechanisms will aid in the diagnosis and clinical management of both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric L Bolf
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Brian L Sprague
- University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Biochemistry, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont.,Department of Surgery, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Frances E Carr
- Department of Pharmacology, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. .,University of Vermont Cancer Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
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22
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Zhang H, Zheng L, Yuan Z. Lycium barbarum
polysaccharides promoted proliferation and differentiation in osteoblasts. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5018-5023. [PMID: 30417412 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Zhang
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University Wuhan China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shanxi Dayi Hospital Taiyuan China
| | - Zhanpeng Yuan
- School of Health Science, Wuhan University Wuhan China
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23
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Jacques C, Lamoureux F, Baud'huin M, Rodriguez Calleja L, Quillard T, Amiaud J, Tirode F, Rédini F, Bradner JE, Heymann D, Ory B. Targeting the epigenetic readers in Ewing sarcoma inhibits the oncogenic transcription factor EWS/Fli1. Oncotarget 2018; 7:24125-40. [PMID: 27006472 PMCID: PMC5029689 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Ewing Sarcoma is a rare bone and soft tissue malignancy affecting children and young adults. Chromosomal translocations in this cancer produce fusion oncogenes as characteristic molecular signatures of the disease. The most common case is the translocation t (11; 22) (q24;q12) which yields the EWS-Fli1 chimeric transcription factor. Finding a way to directly target EWS-Fli1 remains a central therapeutic approach to eradicate this aggressive cancer. Here we demonstrate that treating Ewing Sarcoma cells with JQ1(+), a BET bromodomain inhibitor, represses directly EWS-Fli1 transcription as well as its transcriptional program. Moreover, the Chromatin Immuno Precipitation experiments demonstrate for the first time that these results are a consequence of the depletion of BRD4, one of the BET bromodomains protein from the EWS-Fli1 promoter. In vitro, JQ1(+) treatment reduces the cell viability, impairs the cell clonogenic and the migratory abilities, and induces a G1-phase blockage as well as a time- and a dose-dependent apoptosis. Furthermore, in our in vivo model, we observed a tumor burden delay, an inhibition of the global vascularization and an increase of the mice overall survival. Taken together, our data indicate that inhibiting the BET bromodomains interferes with EWS-FLi1 transcription and could be a promising strategy in the Ewing tumors context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Jacques
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | - François Lamoureux
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | - Marc Baud'huin
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France.,Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Lidia Rodriguez Calleja
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | - Thibaut Quillard
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | - Jérôme Amiaud
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | | | - Françoise Rédini
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
| | - James E Bradner
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Dominique Heymann
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France.,Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | - Benjamin Ory
- INSERM, UMR 957, Équipe Labellisée Ligue 2012, Nantes, France.,Physiopathologie de la Résorption Osseuse et Thérapie des Tumeurs Osseuses Primitives, Université de Nantes, Nantes Atlantique Universités, EA3822, Nantes, France
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24
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Jia L, Luo S, Ren X, Li Y, Hu J, Liu B, Zhao L, Shan Y, Zhou H. miR-182 and miR-135b Mediate the Tumorigenesis and Invasiveness of Colorectal Cancer Cells via Targeting ST6GALNAC2 and PI3K/AKT Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3447-3459. [PMID: 29030743 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4755-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is a leading cause of cancer-related death including colorectal cancer (CRC). MicroRNAs are known to regulate cancer pathways and to be expressed aberrantly in cancer. Aberrant sialylation is closely associated with malignant phenotype of tumor cells, including invasiveness and metastasis. AIM This study aimed to investigate the association of miR-182 and miR-135b with proliferation and invasion by targeting sialyltransferase ST6GALNAC2 in CRC cells and explore the potential molecular mechanism. METHODS We measured the levels of miR-182, miR-135b, and ST6GALNAC2 in a series of CRC cell lines and tissues using real-time PCR. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay were performed to test the direct binding of miR-182 and miR-135b to the target gene ST6GALNAC2. We also analyzed the possible role of miR-182/-135b on colony formation, wound healing, invasion, and tube formation. RESULTS The expression of miR-182 and miR-135b was higher in tumor tissues compared to adjacent noncancerous tissues of CRC patients, as well as up-regulated in SW620 cells than in SW480 cells with different metastatic potential. By applying bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay, we identified ST6GALNAC2 as the direct target of miR-182/-135b. Furthermore, miR-182/-135b inhibited significantly ST6GALNAC2 expression, and consistently, ST6GALNAC2 mediated migration, adhesion, invasion, proliferation, and tumor angiogenesis in CRC cell lines. Additionally, PI3K/AKT signaling pathway was regulated by miR-182/135b, which was partially blocked by altered level of ST6GALNAC2 in CRC. CONCLUSIONS The miR-182/-135b/ST6GALNAC2/PI3K/AKT axis may serve as a predictive biomarker and a potential therapeutic target in CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Jia
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Shihua Luo
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
- Department of Traumatology, Shanghai Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiang Ren
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yang Li
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jialei Hu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Bing Liu
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Lifen Zhao
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yujia Shan
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Huimin Zhou
- College of Laboratory Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, Liaoning Province, China
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25
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Hordyjewska E, Jaruga A, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Novel Mutation of the RUNX2 Gene in Patients with Cleidocranial Dysplasia. Mol Syndromol 2017; 8:253-260. [PMID: 28878609 DOI: 10.1159/000477307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is an autosomal dominant disorder linked to mutations in the Runt-related transcription factor 2, encoded by the RUNX2 gene, which is essential for osteoblast differentiation and skeletal development. Here, we describe a novel nonsense mutation (c.532C>T; p.Q178X) in RUNX2 identified in 3 affected members of a Polish family with CCD. The localization and transcriptional transactivation studies show that the mutated form of the protein has altered the subcellular localization and significantly decreased transactivation properties, respectively. Consequently, our data show that the c.532C>T mutation generates a defective RUNX2 protein and is genetically linked to the CCD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Kandzierski
- Children's Orthopedic Clinic and Rehabilitation Department, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemko Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland.,Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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26
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Jeselsohn R, Cornwell M, Pun M, Buchwalter G, Nguyen M, Bango C, Huang Y, Kuang Y, Paweletz C, Fu X, Nardone A, De Angelis C, Detre S, Dodson A, Mohammed H, Carroll JS, Bowden M, Rao P, Long HW, Li F, Dowsett M, Schiff R, Brown M. Embryonic transcription factor SOX9 drives breast cancer endocrine resistance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E4482-E4491. [PMID: 28507152 PMCID: PMC5465894 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620993114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The estrogen receptor (ER) drives the growth of most luminal breast cancers and is the primary target of endocrine therapy. Although ER blockade with drugs such as tamoxifen is very effective, a major clinical limitation is the development of endocrine resistance especially in the setting of metastatic disease. Preclinical and clinical observations suggest that even following the development of endocrine resistance, ER signaling continues to exert a pivotal role in tumor progression in the majority of cases. Through the analysis of the ER cistrome in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells, we have uncovered a role for an RUNX2-ER complex that stimulates the transcription of a set of genes, including most notably the stem cell factor SOX9, that promote proliferation and a metastatic phenotype. We show that up-regulation of SOX9 is sufficient to cause relative endocrine resistance. The gain of SOX9 as an ER-regulated gene associated with tamoxifen resistance was validated in a unique set of clinical samples supporting the need for the development of improved ER antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rinath Jeselsohn
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Breast Oncology Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - MacIntosh Cornwell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Matthew Pun
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Gilles Buchwalter
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mai Nguyen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Clyde Bango
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ying Huang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Yanan Kuang
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Cloud Paweletz
- Belfer Center for Applied Cancer Science, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Xiaoyong Fu
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Agostina Nardone
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Carmine De Angelis
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Simone Detre
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Dodson
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
| | - Hisham Mohammed
- Nuclear Transcription Factor Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge University, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Jason S Carroll
- Nuclear Transcription Factor Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, Cambridge University, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, United Kingdom
| | - Michaela Bowden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Prakash Rao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Henry W Long
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Fugen Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Mitchell Dowsett
- Ralph Lauren Centre for Breast Cancer Research, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, SW3 6JB, United Kingdom
- The Breast Cancer Now Toby Robin's Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Research, London, SW7 3RP, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Schiff
- Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Dan L. Duncan Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Myles Brown
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215;
- Center for Functional Cancer Epigenetics, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
- Breast Oncology Center, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215
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27
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Role of Runx2 in breast cancer-mediated bone metastasis. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 99:608-614. [PMID: 28268169 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent forms of cancer in women. The currently available treatment for breast cancer is mostly curative except when it becomes metastatic. One of the major sites for metastasis of breast cancer is the bone. Homing of the circulating tumor cells is tightly regulated including a number of factors present in the cells and their microenvironment. Runx2, a transcription factor plays an important role in osteogenesis and breast cancer mediated bone metastases. One of the recent advances in molecular therapy includes the discovery of the small, non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) and they target specific genes to reduce their expression at the post-transcriptional level. This review provides an outline of breast cancer mediated bone metastasis and summarizes the recent development on the regulation of Runx2 expression by miRNAs which can lead to novel molecular therapeutics for the same.
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28
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Rooney N, Riggio AI, Mendoza-Villanueva D, Shore P, Cameron ER, Blyth K. Runx Genes in Breast Cancer and the Mammary Lineage. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2017; 962:353-368. [PMID: 28299668 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-10-3233-2_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A full understanding of RUNX gene function in different epithelial lineages has been thwarted by the lethal phenotypes observed when constitutively knocking out these mammalian genes. However temporal expression of the Runx genes throughout the different phases of mammary gland development is indicative of a functional role in this tissue. A few studies have emerged describing how these genes impact on the fate of mammary epithelial cells by regulating lineage differentiation and stem/progenitor cell potential, with implications for the transformed state. The importance of the RUNX/CBFβ core factor binding complex in breast cancer has very recently been highlighted with both RUNX1 and CBFβ appearing in a comprehensive gene list of predicted breast cancer driver mutations. Nonetheless, the evidence to date shows that the RUNX genes can have dualistic outputs with respect to promoting or constraining breast cancer phenotypes, and that this may be aligned to individual subtypes of the clinical disease. We take this opportunity to review the current literature on RUNX and CBFβ in the normal and neoplastic mammary lineage while appreciating that this is likely to be the tip of the iceberg in our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Rooney
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK
| | | | | | - Paul Shore
- Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Ewan R Cameron
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1QH, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Beatson Institute for Cancer Research, Bearsden, Glasgow, G61 1BD, UK.
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29
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TCF-1 participates in the occurrence of dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14129-14140. [PMID: 27522523 PMCID: PMC5097086 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study demonstrated that T cell factor 1 (TCF-1) protein, a component of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, can regulate the expression of runt-related transcription factor 2 (runx2) gene and Sry-related HMG box 9 (sox9) gene, which may participate in the differentiation of chondrosarcoma. Dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma (DDCS) is a special variant of conventional chondrosarcoma (CCS), associated with poor survival and high metastasis rate. However, little is known about the mechanism of its occurrence; thus, no effective treatment is available except surgery. Earlier, high expression of runx2 and low expression of sox9 were found in DDCS compared with CCS. Using Western blot to detect clinical tissue samples (including 8 CCS samples and 8 DDCS samples) and immunohistochemistry to detect 85 different-grade chondrosarcoma specimens, a high expression of TCF-1 in DDCS tissues was found compared with CCS tissues. This difference in expression was related to patients' prognosis. Results of luciferase, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays demonstrated that TCF-1 protein could bind to the promoter of runx2 gene directly and sox9 gene indirectly. Hence, it could regulate expression of runx2 gene positively and sox9 gene negatively. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that TCF-1 protein was closely related to the phenotype and aggressiveness of chondrosarcoma. In conclusion, this study proved that TCF-1 participates in the dedifferentiation of DDCS, which may be mediated by runx2 gene and sox9 gene. Also, TCF-1 can be of important prognostic value and a promising therapeutic target for DDCS patients.
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30
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Jaruga A, Hordyjewska E, Kandzierski G, Tylzanowski P. Cleidocranial dysplasia and RUNX2-clinical phenotype-genotype correlation. Clin Genet 2016; 90:393-402. [DOI: 10.1111/cge.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Jaruga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - E. Hordyjewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine; Warsaw Poland
| | - G. Kandzierski
- Children Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Department; Medical University of Lublin; Lublin Poland
| | - P. Tylzanowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Medical University; Lublin Poland
- Laboratory for Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Development and Regeneration, Skeletal Biology and Engineering Research Centre; University of Leuven; Leuven Belgium
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31
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Choe M, Brusgard JL, Chumsri S, Bhandary L, Zhao XF, Lu S, Goloubeva OG, Polster BM, Fiskum GM, Girnun GD, Kim MS, Passaniti A. The RUNX2 Transcription Factor Negatively Regulates SIRT6 Expression to Alter Glucose Metabolism in Breast Cancer Cells. J Cell Biochem 2016; 116:2210-26. [PMID: 25808624 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Activation of genes promoting aerobic glycolysis and suppression of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation is one of the hallmarks of cancer. The RUNX2 transcription factor mediates breast cancer (BC) metastasis to bone and is regulated by glucose availability. But, the mechanisms by which it regulates glucose metabolism and promotes an oncogenic phenotype are not known. RUNX2 expression in luminal BC cells correlated with lower estrogen receptor-α (ERα) levels, anchorage-independent growth, expression of glycolytic genes, increased glucose uptake, and sensitivity to glucose starvation, but not to inhibitors of oxidative phosphorylation. Conversely, RUNX2 knockdown in triple-negative BC cells inhibited mammosphere formation and glucose dependence. RUNX2 knockdown resulted in lower LDHA, HK2, and GLUT1 glycolytic gene expression, but upregulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase-A1 (PDHA1) mRNA and enzymatic activity, which was consistent with lower glycolytic potential. The NAD-dependent histone deacetylase, SIRT6, a known tumor suppressor, was a critical regulator of these RUNX2-mediated metabolic changes. RUNX2 expression resulted in elevated pAkt, HK2, and PDHK1 glycolytic protein levels that were reduced by ectopic expression of SIRT6. RUNX2 also repressed mitochondrial oxygen consumption rates (OCR), a measure of oxidative phosphorylation (respiration). Overexpression of SIRT6 increased respiration in RUNX2-positive cells, but knockdown of SIRT6 in cells expressing low RUNX2 decreased respiration. RUNX2 repressed SIRT6 expression at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels and endogenous SIRT6 expression was lower in malignant BC tissues or cell lines that expressed high levels of RUNX2. These results support a hypothesis whereby RUNX2-mediated repression of the SIRT6 tumor suppressor regulates metabolic pathways that promote BC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Choe
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Laboratory of Genitourinary Cancer Pathogenesis, NCI, Building 36/Room 1130, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland, 20814
| | - Jessica L Brusgard
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Saranya Chumsri
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lekhana Bhandary
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Xianfeng Frank Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology and the VA San Diego Healthcare System, University of California, San Diego, California, 92161
| | - Song Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Olga G Goloubeva
- Department of Epidemiology & Public Health, The Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian M Polster
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Gary M Fiskum
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Geoffrey D Girnun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, Stony Brook University Medical Center, Stony Brook, New York, 11794
| | - Myoung Sook Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Antonino Passaniti
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,The Veteran's Health Administration Research & Development Service, Marlene & Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
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32
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Tandon M, Chen Z, Othman AH, Pratap J. Role of Runx2 in IGF-1Rβ/Akt- and AMPK/Erk-dependent growth, survival and sensitivity towards metformin in breast cancer bone metastasis. Oncogene 2016; 35:4730-40. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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33
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Browne G, Dragon JA, Hong D, Messier TL, Gordon JAR, Farina NH, Boyd JR, VanOudenhove JJ, Perez AW, Zaidi SK, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB. MicroRNA-378-mediated suppression of Runx1 alleviates the aggressive phenotype of triple-negative MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:8825-39. [PMID: 26749280 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-4710-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Runx1 transcription factor, known for its essential role in normal hematopoiesis, was reported in limited studies to be mutated or associated with human breast tumor tissues. Runx1 increases concomitantly with disease progression in the MMTV-PyMT transgenic mouse model of breast cancer. Compelling questions relate to mechanisms that regulate Runx1 expression in breast cancer. Here, we tested the hypothesis that dysregulation of Runx1-targeting microRNAs (miRNAs) allows for pathologic increase of Runx1 during breast cancer progression. Microarray profiling of the MMTV-PyMT model revealed significant downregulation of numerous miRNAs predicted to target Runx1. One of these, miR-378, was inversely correlated with Runx1 expression during breast cancer progression in mice and in human breast cancer cell lines MCF7 and triple-negative MDA-MB-231 that represent early- and late-stage diseases, respectively. MiR-378 is nearly absent in MDA-MB-231 cells. Luciferase reporter assays revealed that miR-378 binds the Runx1 3' untranslated region (3'UTR) and inhibits Runx1 expression. Functionally, we demonstrated that ectopic expression of miR-378 in MDA-MB-231 cells inhibited Runx1 and suppressed migration and invasion, while inhibition of miR-378 in MCF7 cells increased Runx1 levels and cell migration. Depletion of Runx1 in late-stage breast cancer cells resulted in increased expression of both the miR-378 host gene PPARGC1B and pre-miR-378, suggesting a feedback loop. Taken together, our study identifies a novel and clinically relevant mechanism for regulation of Runx1 in breast cancer that is mediated by a PPARGC1B-miR-378-Runx1 regulatory pathway. Our results highlight the translational potential of miRNA replacement therapy for inhibiting Runx1 in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Julie A Dragon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Vermont, 95 Carrigan Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Terri L Messier
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jonathan A R Gordon
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Nicholas H Farina
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Joseph R Boyd
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jennifer J VanOudenhove
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Andrew W Perez
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Sayyed K Zaidi
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Biochemistry & University of Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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34
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Ma LI, Chang Y, Yu L, He W, Liu Y. Pro-apoptotic and anti-proliferative effects of mitofusin-2 via PI3K/Akt signaling in breast cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2015; 10:3816-3822. [PMID: 26788214 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2015.3748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitochondrial GTPase mitofusin-2 (Mfn2) gene is a novel gene characterized as a cell proliferation inhibitor. Mfn2 has previously been reported to play a role in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis and differentiation in a number of cell types. However, there are no studies on the effect of Mfn2 in breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of Mfn2 in breast cancer. A plasmid encoding the complete Mfn2 open reading frame (pEGFP-Mfn2) was used to infect breast cancer cells. The effect of Mfn2 on proliferation was assessed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium and bromodeoxyuridine incorporation analyses. Flow cytometry, immunofluorescence and western blot analyses were used to test the effects of Mfn2 on cell cycle distribution and apoptosis. Additionally, the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway was analyzed after pEGFP-Mfn2 was transfected into MCF-7 cells. The results revealed that Mfn2 suppressed the proliferation of MCF-7 cells by regulating more cells at the G0/G1 phase and decreasing proliferating cell nuclear antigen and cyclin A expression. The results also demonstrated that the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway is involved in Mfn2-regulated proliferation and apoptosis. Taken together, this indicates that Mfn2 mediates MCF-7 cell proliferation and apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Mfn2 may thus be a significant therapeutic target in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Ma
- Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Long Yu
- Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Wenbo He
- Breast Disease Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Liu
- Department of Pathology, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050011, P.R. China
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Cecchi F, Lih CJ, Lee YH, Walsh W, Rabe DC, Williams PM, Bottaro DP. Expression array analysis of the hepatocyte growth factor invasive program. Clin Exp Metastasis 2015; 32:659-76. [PMID: 26231668 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-015-9735-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Signaling by human hepatocyte growth factor (hHGF) via its cell surface receptor (MET) drives mitogenesis, motogenesis and morphogenesis in a wide spectrum of target cell types and embryologic, developmental and homeostatic contexts. Oncogenic pathway activation also contributes to tumorigenesis and cancer progression, including tumor angiogenesis and metastasis, in several prevalent malignancies. The HGF gene encodes full-length hHGF and two truncated isoforms known as NK1 and NK2. NK1 induces all three HGF activities at modestly reduced potency, whereas NK2 stimulates only motogenesis and enhances HGF-driven tumor metastasis in transgenic mice. Prior studies have shown that mouse HGF (mHGF) also binds with high affinity to human MET. Here we show that, like NK2, mHGF stimulates cell motility, invasion and spontaneous metastasis of PC3M human prostate adenocarcinoma cells in mice through human MET. To identify target genes and signaling pathways associated with motogenic and metastatic HGF signaling, i.e., the HGF invasive program, gene expression profiling was performed using PC3M cells treated with hHGF, NK2 or mHGF. Results obtained using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis software showed significant overlap with networks and pathways involved in cell movement and metastasis. Interrogating The Cancer Genome Atlas project also identified a subset of 23 gene expression changes in PC3M with a strong tendency for co-occurrence in prostate cancer patients that were associated with significantly decreased disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Cecchi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Chih-Jian Lih
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Young H Lee
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - William Walsh
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Daniel C Rabe
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA
| | - Paul M Williams
- Molecular Characterization and Clinical Assay Development Laboratory, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc. and Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702-1201, USA
| | - Donald P Bottaro
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1501, USA. .,Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bldg 10 CRC Rm 2-3952, 10 Center Drive MSC 1107, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1107, USA.
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Cohen-Solal KA, Boregowda RK, Lasfar A. RUNX2 and the PI3K/AKT axis reciprocal activation as a driving force for tumor progression. Mol Cancer 2015. [PMID: 26204939 PMCID: PMC4513933 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0404-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
From the first reported role of the transcription factor RUNX2 in osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation and migration to its involvement in promigratory/proinvasive behavior of breast, prostate, and thyroid cancer cells, osteosarcoma, or melanoma cells, RUNX2 currently emerges as a key player in metastasis. In this review, we address the interaction of RUNX2 with the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, one of the critical axes controlling cancer growth and metastasis. AKT, either by directly phosphorylating/activating RUNX2 or phosphorylating/inactivating regulators of RUNX2 stability or activity, contributes to RUNX2 transcriptional activity. Reciprocally, the activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway by RUNX2 regulation of its different components has been described in non-transformed and transformed cells. This mutual activation in the context of cancer cells exhibiting constitutive AKT activation and high levels of RUNX2 might constitute a major driving force in tumor progression and aggressiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine A Cohen-Solal
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology - Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA.
| | - Rajeev K Boregowda
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Oncology - Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 195 Little Albany Street, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
| | - Ahmed Lasfar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08854, USA.,Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903, USA
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Vimalraj S, Arumugam B, Miranda P, Selvamurugan N. Runx2: Structure, function, and phosphorylation in osteoblast differentiation. Int J Biol Macromol 2015; 78:202-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2015.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Tandon M, Chen Z, Pratap J. Role of Runx2 in crosstalk between Mek/Erk and PI3K/Akt signaling in MCF-10A cells. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:2208-17. [PMID: 25147082 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Accepted: 08/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Crosstalk among mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidyl inositol 3' kinase (PI3K) signaling pathways integrates extracellular cues to regulate mammary epithelial cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. The runt-related transcription factor, Runx2, is expressed in normal mammary epithelium and promotes differentiation, however, its function in regulation of the MAPK and PI3K signaling crosstalk is not known. We determined the function of Runx2 expression in growth factor-mediated phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and Akt, key downstream kinases in MAPK and PI3K pathway crosstalk in MCF-10A mammary epithelial cells. The Runx2-mediated alterations in cell signaling and associated changes in phenotype were determined by real-time quantitative PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and flow cytometry approaches. The results revealed that ectopic Runx2 expression differentially downregulates the growth factor (EGF vs. IGF or insulin)-induced pErk1/2 and pAkt levels. Additionally, the ectopic Runx2 expression increases FOXO1 levels, cell cycle G1 stage and promotes survival of MCF-10A cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate that Runx2 expression increases EGF-induced phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptor (pEGFR) and relieves Mek/Erk-mediated negative regulation of pEGFR and pAkt levels. Altogether, our results identify functions of Runx2 in MAPK and PI3K signaling crosstalk in MCF-10A cells that could be critical in understanding the mammary epithelial cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Tandon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois
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Håkelien AM, Bryne JC, Harstad KG, Lorenz S, Paulsen J, Sun J, Mikkelsen TS, Myklebost O, Meza-Zepeda LA. The regulatory landscape of osteogenic differentiation. Stem Cells 2015; 32:2780-93. [PMID: 24898411 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Differentiation of osteoblasts from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is an integral part of bone development and homeostasis, and may when improperly regulated cause disease such as bone cancer or osteoporosis. Using unbiased high-throughput methods we here characterize the landscape of global changes in gene expression, histone modifications, and DNA methylation upon differentiation of human MSCs to the osteogenic lineage. Furthermore, we provide a first genome-wide characterization of DNA binding sites of the bone master regulatory transcription factor Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) in human osteoblasts, revealing target genes associated with regulation of proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and with a significant overlap with p53 regulated genes. These findings expand on emerging evidence of a role for RUNX2 in cancer, including bone metastases, and the p53 regulatory network. We further demonstrate that RUNX2 binds to distant regulatory elements, promoters, and with high frequency to gene 3' ends. Finally, we identify TEAD2 and GTF2I as novel regulators of osteogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Mari Håkelien
- Department of Tumor Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, The Norwegian Radium Hospital
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Wysokinski D, Pawlowska E, Blasiak J. RUNX2: A Master Bone Growth Regulator That May Be Involved in the DNA Damage Response. DNA Cell Biol 2015; 34:305-15. [DOI: 10.1089/dna.2014.2688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janusz Blasiak
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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Role of Runx2 phosphorylation in prostate cancer and association with metastatic disease. Oncogene 2015; 35:366-76. [PMID: 25867060 PMCID: PMC4603996 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The osteogenic transcription factor, Runx2, is abnormally expressed in prostate cancer (PCa) and associated with metastatic disease. During bone development, Runx2 is activated by signals known to be hyperactive in PCa including the RAS/MAP kinase pathway, which phosphorylates Runx2 on multiple serine residues including S301 and S319 (equivalent to S294 and S312 in human Runx2). This study examines the role of these phosphorylation sites in PCa. Runx2 was preferentially expressed in more invasive prostate cancer cell lines (PC3 > C4-2B > LNCaP). Furthermore, analysis using a P-S319-Runx2-specific antibody revealed that the ratio of P-S319-Runx2/total Runx2 as well as P-ERK/total ERK was highest in PC3 followed by C4-2B and LNCaP cells. These results were confirmed by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy, which showed a higher percentage of PC3 cells staining positive for P-S319-Runx2 relative to C4-2B and LNCaP cells. Phosphorylated Runx2 had an exclusively nuclear localization. When expressed in prostate cell lines, wild type Runx2 increased metastasis-associated gene expression, in vitro migratory and invasive activity as well as in vivo growth of tumor cell xenografts. In contrast, S301A/S319A phosphorylation site mutations greatly attenuated these Runx2 responses. Analysis of tissue microarrays from 129 patients revealed strong nuclear staining with the P-S319-Runx2 antibody in primary prostate cancers and metastases. P-S319-Runx2 staining was positively correlated with Gleason score and occurrence of lymph node metastases while little or no Runx2 phosphorylation was seen in normal prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia or prostatitis indicating that Runx2 S319 phosphorylation is closely associated with prostate cancer induction and progression towards an aggressive phenotype. These studies establish the importance of Runx2 phosphorylation in prostate tumor growth and highlight its value as a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target.
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42
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Myeloma cell-derived Runx2 promotes myeloma progression in bone. Blood 2015; 125:3598-608. [PMID: 25862559 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-12-613968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of multiple myeloma (MM) is governed by a network of molecular signals, the majority of which remain to be identified. Recent studies suggest that Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), a well-known bone-specific transcription factor, is also expressed in solid tumors, where expression promotes both bone metastasis and osteolysis. However, the function of Runx2 in MM remains unknown. The current study demonstrated that (1) Runx2 expression in primary human MM cells is significantly greater than in plasma cells from healthy donors and patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance; (2) high levels of Runx2 expression in MM cells are associated with a high-risk population of MM patients; and (3) overexpression of Runx2 in MM cells enhanced tumor growth and disease progression in vivo. Additional studies demonstrated that MM cell-derived Runx2 promotes tumor progression through a mechanism involving the upregulation of Akt/β-catenin/Survivin signaling and enhanced expression of multiple metastatic genes/proteins, as well as the induction of a bone-resident cell-like phenotype in MM cells. Thus, Runx2 expression supports the aggressive phenotype of MM and is correlated with poor prognosis. These data implicate Runx2 expression as a major regulator of MM progression in bone and myeloma bone disease.
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Sun SS, Zhang L, Yang J, Zhou X. Role of runt-related transcription factor 2 in signal network of tumors as an inter-mediator. Cancer Lett 2015; 361:1-7. [PMID: 25727319 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2015.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2) is a member of the polyomavirus enhancer-binding protein 2/core-binding factor superfamily. RUNX2 is known for its contribution to osteoblast phenotype and bone formation. In recent years, increasing attention has been focused on the relationship of Runx2 with tumorigenesis. In different types of tumor cells, RUNX2 cooperates with its co-activators or co-inhibitors, and mediates the responses of cells to various signaling pathways that are hyperactive in tumors. Thus, several downstream target genes of RUNX2 are activated when RUNX2 interacts with its co-factors, leading to a variety of effects on tumor cells (epithelial-mesenchymal transition, metastasis, proliferation, and osteolytic lesion). This review focuses on the involvement of RUNX2 in tumor cells in the crosstalk of diverse signaling pathways and its multiple functions to develop optimal and feasible approaches for clinical treatment based on the functions of RUNX2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan-Shan Sun
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Lun Zhang
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China
| | - Jingxuan Yang
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Stanton L. Young Biomedical, Research Center, BRC I264, Oklahoma City, OK 73 104, USA
| | - Xuan Zhou
- The Maxillary Facial and Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Tianjin Medical University Cancer, Institute & Hospital, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cancer, Prevention and Therapy, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Huanhuxi Road, Tiyuanbei, Hexi District, Tianjin 300060, China.
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Yang S, Quaresma AJC, Nickerson JA, Green KM, Shaffer SA, Imbalzano AN, Martin-Buley LA, Lian JB, Stein JL, van Wijnen AJ, Stein GS. Subnuclear domain proteins in cancer cells support the functions of RUNX2 in the DNA damage response. J Cell Sci 2015; 128:728-40. [PMID: 25609707 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.160051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells exhibit modifications in nuclear architecture and transcriptional control. Tumor growth and metastasis are supported by RUNX family transcriptional scaffolding proteins, which mediate the assembly of nuclear-matrix-associated gene-regulatory hubs. We used proteomic analysis to identify RUNX2-dependent protein-protein interactions associated with the nuclear matrix in bone, breast and prostate tumor cell types and found that RUNX2 interacts with three distinct proteins that respond to DNA damage - RUVBL2, INTS3 and BAZ1B. Subnuclear foci containing these proteins change in intensity or number following UV irradiation. Furthermore, RUNX2, INTS3 and BAZ1B form UV-responsive complexes with the serine-139-phosphorylated isoform of H2AX (γH2AX). UV irradiation increases the interaction of BAZ1B with γH2AX and decreases histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation levels, which mark accessible chromatin. RUNX2 depletion prevents the BAZ1B-γH2AX interaction and attenuates loss of H3K9 and H3K56 acetylation. Our data are consistent with a model in which RUNX2 forms functional complexes with BAZ1B, RUVBL2 and INTS3 to mount an integrated response to DNA damage. This proposed cytoprotective function for RUNX2 in cancer cells might clarify its expression in chemotherapy-resistant and/or metastatic tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungchan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Alexandre J C Quaresma
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Biochemistry and Developmental Biology, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jeffrey A Nickerson
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Karin M Green
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Scott A Shaffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology and Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Anthony N Imbalzano
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Lori A Martin-Buley
- Department of Biochemistry & Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Department of Biochemistry & Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Department of Biochemistry & Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Departments of Orthopedic Surgery & Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street S.W., MSB 3-69, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA Department of Biochemistry & Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont Medical School, Burlington, VT 05405, USA
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Yu W, Qiao Y, Tang X, Ma L, Wang Y, Zhang X, Weng W, Pan Q, Yu Y, Sun F, Wang J. Tumor suppressor long non-coding RNA, MT1DP is negatively regulated by YAP and Runx2 to inhibit FoxA1 in liver cancer cells. Cell Signal 2014; 26:2961-8. [PMID: 25261601 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2014.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies are indicative for strong carcinogenetic roles of Runt related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and Yes associated protein (YAP) in several cancer types. However, whether and how the interaction between Runx2 and YAP plays a role in liver tumorigenesis still remain illusive. Here, we identified a close relationship between Runx2 and YAP in liver cancer cells. Runx2 had a positive role on YAP expression and vice versa. We also found that Rux2 and YAP were capable of inhibiting long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), Metallothionein 1D, Pseudogene (MT1DP) expression through direct promoter binding. Overexpression of MT1DP resulted in reduced cell proliferation and colony formation in soft agar, but increased apoptosis in liver cancer cells, whereas knockdown of this lncRNA had the opposite effect, indicating that MT1DP acts as a tumor suppressor. Furthermore, MT1DP was revealed as a negative regulator of Alfa-fetoprotein (AFP), a classic liver cancer tumor marker, through inhibiting protein synthesis of Forkhead box A1 (FoxA1), an important transcription factor in liver development and cancer progression. Furthermore, we found that FoxA1 plays a positive role on YAP and Runx2 expression. Specially, opening the compacted chromatin by FoxA1 around CREB binding site within the YAP promoter facilitates CREB-mediated YAP transcription. Finally, MT1DP-inhibited in vivo liver cancer cell growth could be rescued by a combination of overexpression of FoxA1, Runx2 and YAP. Taken together, the close relationship between Rnux2 and YAP plays a pro-carcinogenetic role in liver cancer cells through inhibiting tumor suppressor lncRNA, MT1DP in a FoxA1 dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yongxia Qiao
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Xun Tang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Lifang Ma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yulan Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Wenhao Weng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Qiuhui Pan
- Department of Central Laboratory, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Yongchun Yu
- Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine affiliated to Shanghai TCM University, Shanghai 200071, China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
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Nagel AK, Ball LE. O-GlcNAc modification of the runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) links osteogenesis and nutrient metabolism in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. Mol Cell Proteomics 2014; 13:3381-95. [PMID: 25187572 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m114.040691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Runx2 is the master switch controlling osteoblast differentiation and formation of the mineralized skeleton. The post-translational modification of Runx2 by phosphorylation, ubiquitinylation, and acetylation modulates its activity, stability, and interactions with transcriptional co-regulators and chromatin remodeling proteins downstream of osteogenic signals. Characterization of Runx2 by electron transfer dissociation tandem mass spectrometry revealed sites of O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) modification, a nutrient-responsive post-translational modification that modulates the action of numerous transcriptional effectors. O-GlcNAc modification occurs in close proximity to phosphorylated residues and novel sites of arginine methylation within regions known to regulate Runx2 transactivation. An interaction between Runx2 and the O-GlcNAcylated, O-GlcNAc transferase enzyme was also detected. Pharmacological inhibition of O-GlcNAcase (OGA), the enzyme responsible for the removal of O-GlcNAc from Ser/Thr residues, enhanced basal (39.9%) and BMP2/7-induced (43.3%) Runx2 transcriptional activity in MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts. In bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated for 6 days in osteogenic media, inhibition of OGA resulted in elevated expression (24.3%) and activity (65.8%) of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) an early marker of bone formation and a transcriptional target of Runx2. Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of BMP2/7 for 8 days culminated in decreased OGA activity (39.0%) and an increase in the abundance of O-GlcNAcylated Runx2, as compared with unstimulated cells. Furthermore, BMP2/7-induced ALP activity was enhanced by 35.6% in bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells differentiated in the presence of the OGA inhibitor, demonstrating that direct or BMP2/7-induced inhibition of OGA is associated with increased ALP activity. Altogether, these findings link O-GlcNAc cycling to the Runx2-dependent regulation of the early ALP marker under osteoblast differentiation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis K Nagel
- From the ‡Department of Oral Health Sciences; Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
| | - Lauren E Ball
- From the ‡Department of Oral Health Sciences; Department of Cell and Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, 29425
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Dobson JR, Taipaleenmäki H, Hu YJ, Hong D, van Wijnen AJ, Stein JL, Stein GS, Lian JB, Pratap J. hsa-mir-30c promotes the invasive phenotype of metastatic breast cancer cells by targeting NOV/CCN3. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 25120384 PMCID: PMC4129468 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background For treatment and prevention of metastatic disease, one of the premier challenges is the identification of pathways and proteins to target for clinical intervention. Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are short, non-coding RNAs, which regulate cellular activities by either mRNA degradation or translational inhibition. Our studies focused on the invasive properties of hsa-mir30c based on its high expression in MDA-MB-231 metastatic cells and our bioinformatic analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas that identified aberrant hsa-mir-30c to be associated with poor survival. Methods Contributions of hsa-mir-30c to breast cancer cell invasion were examined by Matrigel invasion transwell assays following modulation of hsa-mir-30c or hsa-mir-30c* levels in MDA-MB-231 cells. hsa-mir-30c in silico predicted targets linked to cell invasion were screened for targeting by hsa-mir-30c in metastatic breast cancer cells by RT-qPCR. The contribution to invasion by a target of hsa-mir-30c, Nephroblastoma overexpressed (NOV), was characterized by siRNA and invasion assays. Significant effects were determined using Student’s T-tests with Welch’s correction for unequal variance. Results MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were used as models of poorly invasive and late-stage metastatic disease, respectively. By modulating the levels of hsa-mir-30c in these cells, we observed concomitant changes in breast cancer cell invasiveness. From predicted targets of hsa-mir-30c that were related to cellular migration and invasion, NOV/CCN3 was identified as a novel target of hsa-mir-30c. Depleting NOV by siRNA caused a significant increase in the invasiveness of MDA-MB-231 cells is a regulatory protein associated with the extracellular matrix. Conclusions NOV/CCN3 expression, which protects cells from invasion, is known in patient tumors to inversely correlate with advanced breast cancer and metastasis. This study has identified a novel target of hsa-mir-30c, NOV, which is an inhibitor of the invasiveness of metastatic breast cancer cells. Thus, hsa-mir-30c-mediated inhibition of NOV levels promotes the invasive phenotype of MDA-MB-231 cells and significantly, the miR-30/NOV pathways is independent of RUNX2, a known target of hsa-mir-30c that promotes osteolytic disease in metastatic breast cancer cells. Our findings allow for mechanistic insight into the clinical observation of poor survival of patients with elevated hsa-mir-30c levels, which can be considered for miRNA-based translational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Dobson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Center for Computational Molecular Biology, Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology, and Biochemistry, and Department of Computer Science, Brown University, 115 Waterman Street, Providence 02912, RI, USA
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yu-Jie Hu
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA
| | - Deli Hong
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Andre J van Wijnen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Departments of Orthopedic Surgery and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Medical Sciences Building 3-69, Rochester 55905, MN, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Gary S Stein
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Biochemistry and Vermont Cancer Center, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington 05405-0068, VT, USA
| | - Jitesh Pratap
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Ave, North, Worcester 01655, MA, USA ; Current address: Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Rush University Medical Center, Armour Academic Center, 600 S, Paulina Street, Suite 507, Chicago 60612, IL, USA
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Browne G, Taipaleenmäki H, Stein GS, Stein JL, Lian JB. MicroRNAs in the control of metastatic bone disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2014; 25:320-7. [PMID: 24811921 PMCID: PMC4075094 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Bone metastasis is a common and devastating complication of late-stage breast and prostate cancer. Complex interactions between tumor cells, bone cells, and a milieu of components in their microenvironment contribute to the osteolytic, osteoblastic, or mixed lesions present in patients with metastasis to bone. In the past decade microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as key players in cancer progression, but the importance of miRNAs in regulating cancer metastasis to bone is only now being appreciated. We emphasize here important concepts of bone biology and miRNAs in the context of breast and prostate cancer, and focus on recent advances that have improved our understanding of the role of specific miRNAs with direct involvement in metastatic bone disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian Browne
- Vermont Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Hanna Taipaleenmäki
- Heisenberg-Group for Molecular Skeletal Biology, Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gary S Stein
- Vermont Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Janet L Stein
- Vermont Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Jane B Lian
- Vermont Cancer Center and Department of Biochemistry, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA.
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49
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Yang G, Ma F, Zhong M, Fang L, Peng Y, Xin X, Zhong J, Zhu W, Zhang Y. Interleukin-11 induces the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in gastric cancer SCH cells partly via the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 pathways. Mol Med Rep 2014; 9:1371-5. [PMID: 24504547 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.1932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is expressed in the majority of gastric carcinomas and has been associated with an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis of gastric adenocarcinoma. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 has been detected in numerous invasive malignant tumor types and exhibits a broad spectrum of activities on connective tissue components. In this study, we investigated whether IL-11 affects the expression of MMP-13 in human gastric cancer cells, as well as the underlying mechanism. Using western blot assays, we investigated the effect of recombinant human (rh) IL-11 on the expression of MMP-13 in gastric carcinoma cell lines. Using the PI3K inhibitor wortmannin and RNA interference to target the STAT3 gene, we investigated the effects of PI3K inhibition and/or STAT3 depletion on the expression of the MMP-13 protein. Results showed that IL-11 induced MMP-13 expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in SCH cells. IL-11 activated PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 signal transduction. Wortmannin and depletion of STAT3 by means of small interfering RNA (siRNA) synergistically reduced the expression of MMP-13. These findings suggested that IL-11 induces the expression of MMP-13 in gastric cancer SCH cells partly via the PI3K-AKT and JAK-STAT3 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gongli Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Muxiao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Lin Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yao Peng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoming Xin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Jietao Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
| | - Yali Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Department of Gastroenterology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Baiyun, Guangzhou 510515, P.R. China
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Tandon M, Chen Z, Pratap J. Runx2 activates PI3K/Akt signaling via mTORC2 regulation in invasive breast cancer cells. Breast Cancer Res 2014; 16:R16. [PMID: 24479521 PMCID: PMC3979058 DOI: 10.1186/bcr3611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The Runt-related transcription factor Runx2 is critical for skeletal development but is also aberrantly expressed in breast cancers, and promotes cell growth and invasion. A de-regulated serine/threonine kinase Akt signaling pathway is implicated in mammary carcinogenesis and cell survival; however, the mechanisms underlying Runx2 role in survival of invasive breast cancer cells are still unclear. Methods The phenotypic analysis of Runx2 function in cell survival was performed by gene silencing and flow cytometric analysis in highly invasive MDA-MB-231 and SUM-159-PT mammary epithelial cell lines. The expression analysis of Runx2 and pAkt (serine 473) proteins in metastatic breast cancer specimens was performed by immunohistochemistry. The mRNA and protein levels of kinases and phosphatases functional in Akt signaling were determined by real-time PCR and Western blotting, while DNA-protein interaction was studied by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results The high Runx2 levels in invasive mammary epithelial cell lines promoted cell survival in Akt phosphorylation (pAkt-serine 473) dependent manner. The analysis of kinases and phosphatases associated with pAkt regulation revealed that Runx2 promotes pAkt levels via mammalian target of rapamycin complex-2 (mTORC2). The recruitment of Runx2 on mTOR promoter coupled with Runx2-dependent expression of mTORC2 component Rictor defined Runx2 function in pAkt-mediated survival of invasive breast cancer cells. Conclusions Our results identified a novel mechanism of Runx2 regulatory crosstalk in Akt signaling that could have important consequences in targeting invasive breast cancer-associated cell survival.
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