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Orłowska B, Majchrzak M, Didkowska A, Anusz K, Krajewska-Wędzina M, Zabost A, Brzezińska S, Kozińska M, Augustynowicz-Kopeć E, Urbańska K, Welz M, Parniewski P. Mycobacterial Interspersed Repeat Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat Typing of Mycobacterium avium Strains Isolated from the Lymph Nodes of Free-Living Carnivorous Animals in Poland. Pathogens 2023; 12:1184. [PMID: 37764992 PMCID: PMC10536629 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12091184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous organisms, of which some, especially those of the Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), may be opportunistic animal and human pathogens. Infection with NTM can interfere with tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and induce zoonoses, especially in immunocompromised individuals. Diseases caused by NTM have become more readily recognized; however, they are likely still underestimated. In this study, we identified and genotyped Mycobacterium avium strains that were isolated during TB monitoring among free-living carnivorous animals from southeastern Poland. In 2011-2020, lymph node samples from 192 such animals were tested for mycobacteria. A total of 41 isolates of M. avium strains were detected with the use of IS901, IS900, IS1245, and mycobacterial interspersed repeat unit-variable number tandem repeat (MIRU-VNTR) identification. Thirty-three were identified as M. avium subsp. avium. These strains were derived from 1 beech marten (Martes foina), 1 common buzzard (Buteo buteo), 2 European badgers (Meles meles), 3 wolves (Canis lupus), and 26 red foxes (Vulpes vulpes). One strain isolated from a wolf was identified as M. avium subsp. hominissuis. The results show the widespread occurrence of MAC bacilli in the studied environment and additionally comprise new data on the molecular characteristics of M. avium subspecies carried by free-living southeastern Polish carnivores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanka Orłowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Marta Majchrzak
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
| | - Anna Didkowska
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Krzysztof Anusz
- Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health Protection, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; (A.D.); (K.A.)
| | - Monika Krajewska-Wędzina
- Department of Microbiology, National Veterinary Research Institute, Aleja Partyzantów 57, 24-100 Puławy, Poland;
| | - Anna Zabost
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Sywia Brzezińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Monika Kozińska
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Ewa Augustynowicz-Kopeć
- Department of Microbiology, National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory, National Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Institute, Płocka 26, 01-138 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.); (S.B.); (M.K.); (E.A.-K.)
| | - Kaja Urbańska
- Department of Morphological Sciences, Division of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Mirosław Welz
- Provincial Veterinary Inspectorate, Piotra Ścigiennego 6a, 38-400 Krosno, Poland;
| | - Paweł Parniewski
- Institute of Medical Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lodowa 106, 93-232 Lodz, Poland
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Wang Y, Deng T, Wang Y, Xin X, Wen Y. Splenic infarction due to Mycobacterium avium complex infection in an HIV-infected patient with immune reconstitution failure: a case report. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221115242. [PMID: 35899913 PMCID: PMC9340922 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221115242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Splenic infarction is extremely rare in human immunodeficiency virus-infected populations. We report a rare case of splenic infarction involving Mycobacterium avium complex infection in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome with immune reconstitution failure. A young man was initially admitted with cryptococcus meningitis and found to be infected with human immunodeficiency virus. He had anti-cryptococcosis treatment performed in combination with placement of an Ommaya capsule because of persistent intracranial hypertension, and first-line therapy followed by second-line anti-retroviral therapy were performed. Although there was an absence of immune reconstitution, the patient refused to take prophylactic sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, isoniazid, and clarithromycin continuously because of gastrointestinal intolerance. Pneumocystis pneumonia then developed. Finally, the patient developed a fever again accompanied by abdominal pain and splenic infarction. M. avium complex infection was verified by a metagenomic next-generation sequencing test using a whole blood sample. M. avium complex infection should be considered as an etiology of splenic infarction in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients with an extremely low CD4+T-cell count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Tao Deng
- Beijing CapitalBio Medical Laboratory, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Neurosurgery Department, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - XiaoLi Xin
- Shenyang Sixth People's Hospital, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Ying Wen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China
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Taki E, Soleimani F, Asadi A, Ghahramanpour H, Namvar A, Heidary M. Cabenuva: the last FDA-approved drug to treat HIV. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1135-1147. [PMID: 35596583 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2081153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The conventional combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) besides all its benefits, exhibited poor adherence to daily pill administration, life-long treatment period and emergence of viral resistance. The development of long-acting (LA) drugs have changed the management of common medical conditions for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Cabenuva is the first LA antiretroviral injectable drug composed of nano-formulation of cabotegravir (CAB) and rilpivirine (RPV). AREAS COVERED In this review article, we aim to have a brief overview of results of major clinical trials which administrated cabenuva for patients considering the efficacy and safety profiles. Moreover, we discuss about CAB and RPV chemical structure, mechanism of action, activity against drug-sensitive and resistant HIV and pharmacodynamics/ pharmacokinetics properties. EXPERT OPINION Based on the results of the ATLAS and FLAIR trials, cabenuva regimen once-monthly has shown equal effectivity to oral cART in maintaining HIV-1 suppression in patients. Furthermore, ATLAS-2M study revealed the non-inferiority of cabenuva regimen every 8 weeks compared to every 4 weeks. The injectable LA ART, reduces the number of treatment intake as well as increases adherence especially in patients with HIV-related stigma. Administration of extended-release agents probably minimize the risk of treatment-related toxicity and resistance related to sub-optimal adherence to oral ART, so cabenuva can be suggested as a suitable alternative for HIV infection control in current era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elahe Taki
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Soleimani
- Department of Chemistry, Medicinal Chemistry Research Laboratory, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Arezoo Asadi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Ghahramanpour
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Namvar
- Student Research Committee, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
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Naimi A, Yashmi I, Jebeleh R, Imani Mofrad M, Azimian Abhar S, Jannesar Y, Heidary M, Pakzad R. Comorbidities and mortality rate in COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancies: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24387. [PMID: 35385130 PMCID: PMC9102765 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It seems that there is an association between blood cancer and an increased risk of severe COVID-19. This study aimed to review the literature reporting the COVID-19 outcomes in patients with hematological malignancies. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this systematic review and meta-analysis, Pubmed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched using the following keywords: COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, blood cancer, myeloma, lymphoma, and leukemia. All the published articles in English from January 1, 2019, until March 10, 2021 were collected and evaluated. RESULTS In total, 53 studies with 2395 patients were included based on inclusion criteria. Most of these studies took place in Spain (14.81%), followed by the USA (11.11%), China (9.26%), and the UK (9.26%). More than half of COVID-19 patients with hematological malignancy were male (56.73%). Oxygen therapy played an important role in COVID-19 treatment. Moreover, anticoagulant therapies such as enoxaparin and heparin were two great assists for these patients. Fever (74.24%), cough (67.64%), and fatigue (53.19%) were the most reported clinical manifestations. In addition, hypertension and dyslipidemia were the most common comorbidities. The mortality rate due to COVID-19 in patients with hematological malignancies was 21.34%. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that hematologic cancer patients were more susceptible to a severe COVID-19 than patients without blood cancer. Thus, the management of COVID-19 in these patients requires much more attention, and their screening should perform regularly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Naimi
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Ilya Yashmi
- Student Research CommitteeSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Reza Jebeleh
- Student Research CommitteeSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | | | | | - Yasaman Jannesar
- Student Research CommitteeSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Mohsen Heidary
- Cellular and Molecular Research CenterSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
- Department of Laboratory SciencesSchool of Paramedical SciencesSabzevar University of Medical SciencesSabzevarIran
| | - Reza Pakzad
- Department of EpidemiologyFaculty of HealthIlam University of Medical SciencesIlamIran
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Chin KL, Sarmiento ME, Alvarez-Cabrera N, Norazmi MN, Acosta A. Pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections: current state and future management. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 39:799-826. [PMID: 31853742 PMCID: PMC7222044 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-019-03771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Currently, there is a trend of increasing incidence in pulmonary non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (PNTM) together with a decrease in tuberculosis (TB) incidence, particularly in developed countries. The prevalence of PNTM in underdeveloped and developing countries remains unclear as there is still a lack of detection methods that could clearly diagnose PNTM applicable in these low-resource settings. Since non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental pathogens, the vicinity favouring host-pathogen interactions is known as important predisposing factor for PNTM. The ongoing changes in world population, as well as socio-political and economic factors, are linked to the rise in the incidence of PNTM. Development is an important factor for the improvement of population well-being, but it has also been linked, in general, to detrimental environmental consequences, including the rise of emergent (usually neglected) infectious diseases, such as PNTM. The rise of neglected PNTM infections requires the expansion of the current efforts on the development of diagnostics, therapies and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases, which at present, are mainly focused on TB. This review discuss the current situation of PNTM and its predisposing factors, as well as the efforts and challenges for their control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Ling Chin
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia.
| | - Maria E Sarmiento
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nadine Alvarez-Cabrera
- Center for Discovery and Innovation (CDI), Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine at Seton Hall University, Nutley, NJ, USA
| | - Mohd Nor Norazmi
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Armando Acosta
- School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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