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Lee DH, Lee HJ, Yang G, Kim DY, Kim JU, Yook TH, Lee JH, Kim HJ. A novel treatment strategy targeting cellular pathways with natural products to alleviate sarcopenia. Phytother Res 2024. [PMID: 39099170 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a condition marked by a significant reduction in muscle mass and strength, primarily due to the aging process, which critically impacts muscle protein dynamics, metabolic functions, and overall physical functionality. This condition leads to increased body fat and reduced daily activity, contributing to severe health issues and a lower quality of life among the elderly. Recognized in the ICD-10-CM only in 2016, sarcopenia lacks definitive treatment options despite its growing prevalence and substantial social and economic implications. Given the aging global population, addressing sarcopenia has become increasingly relevant and necessary. The primary causes include aging, cachexia, diabetes, and nutritional deficiencies, leading to imbalances in protein synthesis and degradation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and hormonal changes. Exercise remains the most effective intervention, but it is often impractical for individuals with limited mobility, and pharmacological options such as anabolic steroids and myostatin inhibitors are not FDA-approved and are still under investigation. This review is crucial as it examines the potential of natural products as a novel treatment strategy for sarcopenia, targeting multiple mechanisms involved in its pathogenesis. By exploring natural products' multi-targeted effects, this study aims to provide innovative and practical solutions for sarcopenia management. Therefore, this review indicates significant improvements in muscle mass and function with the use of specific natural compounds, suggesting promising alternatives for those unable to engage in regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Hee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Gabsik Yang
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Yong Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Uk Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Han Yook
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
- Da Capo Co., Ltd., Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jun Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Woosuk University, Jeonju-si, Republic of Korea
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2
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Elgaabari A, Imatomi N, Kido H, Nakashima T, Okuda S, Manabe Y, Sawano S, Mizunoya W, Kaneko R, Tanaka S, Maeno T, Matsuyoshi Y, Seki M, Kuwakado S, Zushi K, Daneshvar N, Nakamura M, Suzuki T, Sunagawa K, Anderson JE, Allen RE, Tatsumi R. Age-related nitration/dysfunction of myogenic stem cell activator HGF. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14041. [PMID: 37985931 PMCID: PMC10861216 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mechanical perturbation triggers activation of resident myogenic stem cells to enter the cell cycle through a cascade of events including hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) release from its extracellular tethering and the subsequent presentation to signaling-receptor c-met. Here, we show that with aging, extracellular HGF undergoes tyrosine-residue (Y) nitration and loses c-met binding, thereby disturbing muscle homeostasis. Biochemical studies demonstrated that nitration/dysfunction is specific to HGF among other major growth factors and is characterized by its locations at Y198 and Y250 in c-met-binding domains. Direct-immunofluorescence microscopy of lower hind limb muscles from three age groups of rat, provided direct in vivo evidence for age-related increases in nitration of ECM-bound HGF, preferentially stained for anti-nitrated Y198 and Y250-HGF mAbs (raised in-house) in fast IIa and IIx myofibers. Overall, findings highlight inhibitory impacts of HGF nitration on myogenic stem cell dynamics, pioneering a cogent discussion for better understanding age-related muscle atrophy and impaired regeneration with fibrosis (including sarcopenia and frailty).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Elgaabari
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary MedicineKafrelsheikh UniversityKafrelsheikhEgypt
| | - Nana Imatomi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Hirochika Kido
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takashi Nakashima
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Okuda
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yoshitaka Manabe
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Shoko Sawano
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Food and Life Science, School of Life and Environmental ScienceAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Wataru Mizunoya
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
- Present address:
Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, School of Veterinary MedicineAzabu UniversitySagamiharaJapan
| | - Ryuki Kaneko
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Sakiho Tanaka
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Maeno
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Yuji Matsuyoshi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Miyumi Seki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - So Kuwakado
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medical SciencesKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kahona Zushi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Nasibeh Daneshvar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Mako Nakamura
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Takahiro Suzuki
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Kenji Sunagawa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of MedicineKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
| | - Judy E. Anderson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of ScienceUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegManitobaCanada
| | - Ronald E. Allen
- The School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical SciencesUniversity of ArizonaTucsonArizonaUSA
| | - Ryuichi Tatsumi
- Department of Animal and Marine Bioresource Sciences, Graduate School of AgricultureKyushu UniversityFukuokaJapan
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Hu K, Deya Edelen E, Zhuo W, Khan A, Orbegoso J, Greenfield L, Rahi B, Griffin M, Ilich JZ, Kelly OJ. Understanding the Consequences of Fatty Bone and Fatty Muscle: How the Osteosarcopenic Adiposity Phenotype Uncovers the Deterioration of Body Composition. Metabolites 2023; 13:1056. [PMID: 37887382 PMCID: PMC10608812 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adiposity is central to aging and several chronic diseases. Adiposity encompasses not just the excess adipose tissue but also body fat redistribution, fat infiltration, hypertrophy of adipocytes, and the shifting of mesenchymal stem cell commitment to adipogenesis. Bone marrow adipose tissue expansion, inflammatory adipokines, and adipocyte-derived extracellular vesicles are central to the development of osteopenic adiposity. Adipose tissue infiltration and local adipogenesis within the muscle are critical in developing sarcopenic adiposity and subsequent poorer functional outcomes. Ultimately, osteosarcopenic adiposity syndrome is the result of all the processes noted above: fat infiltration and adipocyte expansion and redistribution within the bone, muscle, and adipose tissues, resulting in bone loss, muscle mass/strength loss, deteriorated adipose tissue, and subsequent functional decline. Increased fat tissue, typically referred to as obesity and expressed by body mass index (the latter often used inadequately), is now occurring in younger age groups, suggesting people will live longer with the negative effects of adiposity. This review discusses the role of adiposity in the deterioration of bone and muscle, as well as adipose tissue itself. It reveals how considering and including adiposity in the definition and diagnosis of osteopenic adiposity, sarcopenic adiposity, and osteosarcopenic adiposity will help in better understanding the pathophysiology of each and accelerate possible therapies and prevention approaches for both relatively healthy individuals or those with chronic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey Hu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Elizabeth Deya Edelen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Wenqing Zhuo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Aliya Khan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Josselyne Orbegoso
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Lindsey Greenfield
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Berna Rahi
- Department of Human Sciences, Sam Houston State University College of Health Sciences, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;
| | - Michael Griffin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
| | - Jasminka Z. Ilich
- Institute for Successful Longevity, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32304, USA;
| | - Owen J. Kelly
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Sam Houston State University College of Osteopathic Medicine, Conroe, TX 77304, USA; (K.H.); (E.D.E.); (W.Z.); (A.K.); (J.O.); (L.G.); (M.G.)
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Wang Q, Wang H, Tian H, Niu S, Xu R. A Prospective Case-Control Study Examining the Relationship Between Frailty and Serum Myostatin in Older Persons with Chronic Heart Failure. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2023; 16:1343-1349. [PMID: 37497257 PMCID: PMC10365999 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s412725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty affects the prognosis and management of patients with heart failure, and is often related with sarcopenia. Also, the serum myostatin (MSTN) involved in the development of sarcopenia and frailty. This study aimed to determine the connection between MSTN level and frailty in older adults with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods This prospective case-control study enrolled older adult patients with CHF between May 2019 and May 2021, and analyzed their clinical data. Results In this study 75 older adults with CHF were included, 29 of whom were frail. The B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels were significantly higher in frail older adults with CHF than in older adults with CHF who were not frail (316.82 ± 235.64 pg/mL vs 198.61 ± 112.58 pg/mL; P = 0.016). The MSTN levels were significantly higher in frail participants than in participants who were not frail (2.93 ± 1.35 ng/mL vs 2.24 ± 0.84 ng/mL; P = 0.018). Based on multivariable analysis the BNP (odds ratio [OR] = 1.004, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1 0.001-1.008; P = 0.018) and MSTN (OR = 1.772, 95% CI = 1.079-2.912; P =0 0.024) levels were independently associated with frailty in older adults with CHF. Conclusion MSTN is a promising biomarker of frailty in elderly patients with CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Wang
- Department of the Sixth Health Care, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongyan Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haitao Tian
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaoli Niu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruyi Xu
- Department of the Sixth Health Care, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100048, People’s Republic of China
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Axelrod CL, Dantas WS, Kirwan JP. Sarcopenic obesity: emerging mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Metabolism 2023:155639. [PMID: 37380015 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2023.155639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenic obesity, or the loss of muscle mass and function associated with excess adiposity, is a largely untreatable medical condition associated with diminished quality of life and increased risk of mortality. To date, it remains somewhat paradoxical and mechanistically undefined as to why a subset of adults with obesity develop muscular decline, an anabolic stimulus generally associated with retention of lean mass. Here, we review evidence surrounding the definition, etiology, and treatment of sarcopenic obesity with an emphasis on emerging regulatory nodes with therapeutic potential. We review the available clinical evidence largely focused on diet, lifestyle, and behavioral interventions to improve quality of life in patients with sarcopenic obesity. Based upon available evidence, relieving consequences of energy burden such as oxidative stress, myosteatosis, and/or mitochondrial dysfunction is a promising area for therapeutic development in the treatment and management of sarcopenic obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Axelrod
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - Wagner S Dantas
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - John P Kirwan
- Integrated Physiology and Molecular Medicine Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA, USA.
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6
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Luo L, Chua YJB, Liu T, Liang K, Chua MWJ, Ma W, Goh JW, Wang Y, Su J, Ho YS, Li CW, Liu KH, Teh BT, Yu K, Shyh-Chang N. Muscle Injuries Induce a Prostacyclin-PPARγ/PGC1a-FAO Spike That Boosts Regeneration. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2301519. [PMID: 37140179 PMCID: PMC10375192 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
It is well-known that muscle regeneration declines with aging, and aged muscles undergo degenerative atrophy or sarcopenia. While exercise and acute injury are both known to induce muscle regeneration, the molecular signals that help trigger muscle regeneration have remained unclear. Here, mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is used to show that injured muscles induce a specific subset of prostanoids during regeneration, including PGG1, PGD2, and the prostacyclin PGI2. The spike in prostacyclin promotes skeletal muscle regeneration via myoblasts, and declines with aging. Mechanistically, the prostacyclin spike promotes a spike in PPARγ/PGC1a signaling, which induces a spike in fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to control myogenesis. LC-MS/MS and MSI further confirm that an early FAO spike is associated with normal regeneration, but muscle FAO became dysregulated during aging. Functional experiments demonstrate that the prostacyclin-PPARγ/PGC1a-FAO spike is necessary and sufficient to promote both young and aged muscle regeneration, and that prostacyclin can synergize with PPARγ/PGC1a-FAO signaling to restore aged muscles' regeneration and physical function. Given that the post-injury prostacyclin-PPARγ-FAO spike can be modulated pharmacologically and via post-exercise nutrition, this work has implications for how prostacyclin-PPARγ-FAO might be fine-tuned to promote regeneration and treat muscle diseases of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanfang Luo
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Jiang Benjamin Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 119077, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, 138672, Singapore
| | - Taoyan Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Kun Liang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Min-Wen Jason Chua
- NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore City, 119077, Singapore
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, 138672, Singapore
| | - Wenwu Ma
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Wei Goh
- Genome Institute of Singapore, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, 138672, Singapore
| | - Yuefan Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Su
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Ying Swan Ho
- Bioprocessing Technology Institute, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore City, 138668, Singapore
| | - Chun-Wei Li
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Ke Hui Liu
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
| | - Bin Tean Teh
- Laboratory of Cancer Therapeutics, Program in Cancer and Stem Cell Biology, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore City, 169857, Singapore
- Division of Medical Science, Laboratory of Cancer Epigenome, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore City, 119074, Singapore
| | - Kang Yu
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, P. R. China
| | - Ng Shyh-Chang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P. R. China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
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Suroto H, Wardana GR, Sugianto JA, Aprilya D, Samijo S. Time to surgery and myo-d expression in biceps muscle of adult brachial plexus injury: a preliminary study. BMC Res Notes 2023; 16:51. [PMID: 37055794 PMCID: PMC10103435 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-023-06317-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) is one of the peripheral nerve injuries which causes severe functional impairment and disability. Without prompt treatment, prolonged denervation will cause severe muscle atrophy. MyoD, which is expressed by satellite cells, is one of the parameters that relate to the regeneration process in post-injury muscle and it is presumed to determine the clinical outcome following neurotization procedure. This study aims to understand the correlation between time to surgery (TTS) and MyoD expression in satellite cells in the biceps muscle of adult brachial plexus injury patients. METHODS Analytic observational study with a cross-sectional design was conducted at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital. All patients with BPI who underwent surgery between May 2013 and December 2015 were included. Muscle biopsy was taken and stained using immunohistochemistry for MyoD expression. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the correlation between MyoD expression with TTS and with age. RESULTS Twenty-two biceps muscle samples were examined. Most patients are males (81.8%) with an average age of 25.5 years. MyoD expression was found to be highest at TTS of 4 months and then dropped significantly (and plateau) from 9 to 36 months. MyoD expression is significantly correlated with TTS (r=-0.895; p = 0.00) but not with age (r=-0.294; p = 0.184). CONCLUSION Our study found, from the cellular point of view, that treatment of BPI needs to be done as early as possible before the regenerative potential - as indicated by MyoD expression - declined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heri Suroto
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia.
- Cell and Tissue Bank-Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia.
| | - Gestana Retaha Wardana
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Julius Albert Sugianto
- Department of Orthopaedic & Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga/Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya, 60132, Indonesia
| | - Dina Aprilya
- Orthopedic and Traumatology Department, Siloam Agora Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Pereira da Silva Alves II, Santos Bueno GA, Brito Elmescany R, Aparecida Borges L, Kran Pinto D, Correia Martins A, de Menezes RL. Motor Reaction Time, Sarcopenia and Functional Skills in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:878-884. [PMID: 37960911 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1983-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Aging generates changes over the years. Because of this, the musculoskeletal system is directly degraded and suffer deficits in its performance in elderly patients with Sarcopenia, as this condition is characterized by a decrease in muscle mass and function. OBJECTIVE Correlate the motor reaction time and functional skills of non-sarcopenic, pre-sarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly women, and analyze influence on the risk of falls. DESIGN Cross-sectional observational analytical study, following the methodological strategies of STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology), carried out under the approval of the Research Ethics Committee of the Unievangélica University, no. 3.694.235/2019. SETTING Participants were evaluated regarding: cognitive status, level of physical activity, fear of falling, body composition, motor reaction time, static and dynamic balance, gait kinetics, strength and endurance of the lower limbs and finally handgrip strength. PARTICIPANTS A total of 59 volunteer elderly women were assessed following the diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia proposed by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). RESULTS The results show that there was a greater difference in motor reaction time between the non-sarcopenic and sarcopenic elderly women due to the executing organ being damaged by the presence of sarcopenia, causing motor response to slowdown. Functional deficit, fear of falling and greater risk of falls were observed in the sarcopenic group, under the harmful influence of increased motor reaction time. CONCLUSION Sarcopenic elderly women present increased motor reaction time, that is, slowed motor responses due to decreased muscle mass, strength and impaired musculature, which generate functional deficits that contribute to an increased risk of falls.
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Affiliation(s)
- I I Pereira da Silva Alves
- Guilherme Augusto Santos Bueno, Postgraduate Program in Health Sciences and Technologies, University of Brasilía, Federal District, Brazil,
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Minniti G, Pescinini-Salzedas LM, Minniti GADS, Laurindo LF, Barbalho SM, Vargas Sinatora R, Sloan LA, Haber RSDA, Araújo AC, Quesada K, Haber JFDS, Bechara MD, Sloan KP. Organokines, Sarcopenia, and Metabolic Repercussions: The Vicious Cycle and the Interplay with Exercise. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13452. [PMID: 36362238 PMCID: PMC9655425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a disease that becomes more prevalent as the population ages, since it is directly linked to the process of senility, which courses with muscle atrophy and loss of muscle strength. Over time, sarcopenia is linked to obesity, being known as sarcopenic obesity, and leads to other metabolic changes. At the molecular level, organokines act on different tissues and can improve or harm sarcopenia. It all depends on their production process, which is associated with factors such as physical exercise, the aging process, and metabolic diseases. Because of the seriousness of these repercussions, the aim of this literature review is to conduct a review on the relationship between organokines, sarcopenia, diabetes, and other metabolic repercussions, as well the role of physical exercise. To build this review, PubMed-Medline, Embase, and COCHRANE databases were searched, and only studies written in English were included. It was observed that myokines, adipokines, hepatokines, and osteokines had direct impacts on the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and its metabolic repercussions. Therefore, knowing how organokines act is very important to know their impacts on age, disease prevention, and how they can be related to the prevention of muscle loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Minniti
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Fornari Laurindo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Barbalho
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- School of Food and Technology of Marilia (FATEC), Marilia 17506-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata Vargas Sinatora
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Lance Alan Sloan
- Texas Institute for Kidney and Endocrine Disorders, Lufkin, TX 75904, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch-Galveston, Galveston, TX 75904, USA
| | - Rafael Santos de Argollo Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriano Cressoni Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Karina Quesada
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Jesselina F. dos Santos Haber
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Dib Bechara
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Avenida Hygino Muzzy Filho, 1001, Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, University of Marília (UNIMAR), Marilia 17525-902, SP, Brazil
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10
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El Assar M, Álvarez-Bustos A, Sosa P, Angulo J, Rodríguez-Mañas L. Effect of Physical Activity/Exercise on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Muscle and Vascular Aging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158713. [PMID: 35955849 PMCID: PMC9369066 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional status is considered the main determinant of healthy aging. Impairment in skeletal muscle and the cardiovascular system, two interrelated systems, results in compromised functional status in aging. Increased oxidative stress and inflammation in older subjects constitute the background for skeletal muscle and cardiovascular system alterations. Aged skeletal muscle mass and strength impairment is related to anabolic resistance, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased oxidative stress and inflammation as well as a reduced antioxidant response and myokine profile. Arterial stiffness and endothelial function stand out as the main cardiovascular alterations related to aging, where increased systemic and vascular oxidative stress and inflammation play a key role. Physical activity and exercise training arise as modifiable determinants of functional outcomes in older persons. Exercise enhances antioxidant response, decreases age-related oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory signals, and promotes the activation of anabolic and mitochondrial biogenesis pathways in skeletal muscle. Additionally, exercise improves endothelial function and arterial stiffness by reducing inflammatory and oxidative damage signaling in vascular tissue together with an increase in antioxidant enzymes and nitric oxide availability, globally promoting functional performance and healthy aging. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in aged musculoskeletal and vascular systems and how physical activity/exercise influences functional status in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariam El Assar
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Álvarez-Bustos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Sosa
- Fundación para la Investigación Biomédica del Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
| | - Javier Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Histología-Investigación, Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Cardiología (IRYCIS-UFV), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario de Getafe, 28905 Getafe, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-91-683-93-60 (ext. 6411)
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11
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Szondy Z, Al‐Zaeed N, Tarban N, Fige É, Garabuczi É, Sarang Z. Involvement of phosphatidylserine receptors in the skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic implications. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:1961-1973. [PMID: 35666022 PMCID: PMC9397555 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a progressive loss of muscle mass and strength with a risk of adverse outcomes such as disability, poor quality of life, and death. Increasing evidence indicates that diminished ability of the muscle to activate satellite cell-dependent regeneration is one of the factors that might contribute to its development. Skeletal muscle regeneration following myogenic cell death results from the proliferation and differentiation of myogenic stem cells, called satellite cells, located beneath the basal lamina of the muscle fibres. Satellite cell differentiation is not a satellite cell-autonomous process but depends on signals provided by the surrounding cells. Infiltrating macrophages play a key role in the process partly by clearing the necrotic cell debris, partly by producing cytokines and growth factors that guide myogenesis. At the beginning of the muscle regeneration process, macrophages are pro-inflammatory, and the cytokines produced by them trigger the proliferation and differentiation of satellite cells. Following the uptake of dead cells, however, a transcriptionally regulated phenotypic change (macrophage polarization) is induced in them resulting in their transformation into healing macrophages that guide resolution of inflammation, completion of myoblast differentiation, myoblast fusion and growth, and return to homeostasis. Impaired efferocytosis results in delayed cell death clearance, delayed macrophage polarization, prolonged inflammation, and impaired muscle regeneration. Thus, proper efferocytosis by macrophages is a determining factor during muscle repair. Here we review that both efferocytosis and myogenesis are dependent on the cell surface phosphatidylserine (PS), and surprisingly, these two processes share a number of common PS receptors and signalling pathways. Based on these findings, we propose that stimulating the function of PS receptors for facilitating muscle repair following injury could be a successful approach, as it would enhance efferocytosis and myogenesis simultaneously. Because increasing evidence indicates a pathophysiological role of impaired efferocytosis in the development of chronic inflammatory conditions, as well as in impaired muscle regeneration both contributing to the development of sarcopenia, improving efferocytosis should be considered also in its management. Again applying or combining those treatments that target PS receptors would be expected to be the most effective, because they would also promote myogenesis. A potential PS receptor-triggering candidate molecule is milk fat globule-EGF-factor 8 (MFG-E8), which not only stimulates PS-dependent efferocytosis and myoblast fusion but also promotes extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and Akt activation-mediated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in myoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Szondy
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Nour Al‐Zaeed
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Nastaran Tarban
- Doctoral School of Molecular Cell and Immune Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Éva Fige
- Section of Dental Biochemistry, Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of DentistryUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Éva Garabuczi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
| | - Zsolt Sarang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of DebrecenDebrecenHungary
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12
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Zhang L, Li M, Wang W, Yu W, Liu H, Wang K, Chang M, Deng C, Ji Y, Shen Y, Qi L, Sun H. Celecoxib alleviates denervation-induced muscle atrophy by suppressing inflammation and oxidative stress and improving microcirculation. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 203:115186. [PMID: 35882305 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The molecular mechanism underlying denervation-induced muscle atrophy is complex and incompletely understood. Our previous results suggested that inflammation may play an important role in the early stages of muscle atrophy. Celecoxib is reported to exert anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we explored the effect of celecoxib on denervation-induced muscle atrophy and sought to identify the mechanism involved. We found that celecoxib treatment significantly increased the wet weight ratio and CSA of the tibialisanteriormuscle. Additionally, celecoxib downregulated the levels of COX-2, inflammatory factors and reduced inflammatory cell infiltration. GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis indicated that after 3 days of celecoxib treatment in vivo, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were mainly associated with the regulation of immune responses related to complement activation; after 14 days, the DEGs were mainly involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation-related responses. Celecoxib administration reduced the levels of ROS and oxidative stress-related proteins. Furthermore, we found that celecoxib treatment inhibited the denervation-induced up-regulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome and autophagy-lysosomal systems related proteins; decreased mitophagy in target muscles; and increased levels of MHC. Finally, celecoxib also attenuated microvascular damage in denervated skeletal muscle. Combined, our findings demonstrated that celecoxib inhibits inflammation and oxidative stress in denervated skeletal muscle, thereby suppressing mitophagy and proteolysis, improving blood flow in target muscles, and, ultimately, alleviating denervation-induced muscle atrophy. Our results confirmed that inflammatory responses play a key role in denervation-induced muscle atrophy and highlight a novel strategy for the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Department of Endocrinology, Binhai County People's Hospital affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province 224500, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China; Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong 226001, P. R. China
| | - Weiran Yu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Haian Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 55 Ninghai Middle Road, Haian, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226600, P. R. China
| | - Kexin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Mengyuan Chang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Chunyan Deng
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yanan Ji
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China
| | - Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Lei Qi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China.
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Tissue Engineering Technology Products, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province 226001, P. R. China.
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13
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Dai H, Zheng W, Luo J, Yu G, Song C, Wu Y, Xu J. Inhibiting uptake of extracellular vesicles derived from senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by muscle satellite cells attenuates sarcopenia. J Orthop Translat 2022; 35:23-36. [PMID: 35846725 PMCID: PMC9260455 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2022.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Osteoporosis is associated with senescence of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). Extracellular vesicles derived from senescent BMSCs (BMSC-EVs) could be uptaken by muscle satellite cells (SCs). We hypothesized that inhibiting the uptake of harmful BMSC-EVs by SCs could prevent patients with osteoporosis complicated with sarcopenia. Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to analyze senescent SCs. Myogenic potential of SCs was measured using myogenesis assay and immunofluorescence while muscle atrophy was measured using histological evaluation. And the interaction of cluster of differentiation (CD) 81 and the membrane proteins of SCs was verified using biotin pulldown assay.. CD81-specific siRNA (si-CD81) was used to knockdown CD81 and anti-CD81 antibody (anti-CD81 Ab) was used to block CD81. Results Differentially expressed genes in senescent SCs were enriched in muscle cell differentiation. The myogenic potential of senescent SCs was significantly decreased. Senescent BMSC-EVs impaired myogenesis of SCs. CD81 on the surface of BMSC-EVs could bind to membrane proteins of SCs. Both knockdown of CD81 and blocking CD81 prevented the uptake of senescent BMSC-EVs by SCs, thus relieving harmful effects of senescent BMSC-EVs on muscle atrophy. Conclusion Blocking CD81 on the surface of senescent BMSC-EVs attenuates sarcopenia in aged mice, which could be useful for prevention of sarcopenia in patients with osteoporosis in clinical practice. Translational potential of this article Inhibiting uptake of extracellular vesicles derived from senescent bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by muscle satellite cells can prevent muscle atrophy in aged mice and has potential for application in treating sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhao Dai
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wu Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoyu Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Song
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Department of Orthopedics, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China
- Corresponding author. Shengli Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, East Road No. 134, Fuzhou, 350000, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Wang J, Wen Y, Xu J, Yue B, Zhong J, Zheng L, Lei C, Chen H, Huang Y. Circ RIMKLB promotes myoblast proliferation and inhibits differentiation by sponging miR-29c to release KCNJ12. Epigenetics 2022; 17:1686-1700. [PMID: 35348434 PMCID: PMC9621043 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2022.2058211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle development is a complex process that was regulated by many factors, among which non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a vital role in regulating multiple life activities of muscle cells. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non-coding RNA with closed-loop structure, has been reported to affect multiple life processes. However, the roles of circRNAs on muscle development have not been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to determine whether and how circRIMKLB affects muscle development. Our study revealed that circRIMKLB promoted myoblast proliferation and inhibited differentiation. Besides, miR-29c was proved as a downstream target of circRIMKLB using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Also, potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 12 (KCNJ12) was identified as a novel target of miR-29c via dual-luciferase reporter assay, quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), and western blot. CircRIMKLB and KCNJ12 were both proved to regulate cell cycle on muscle regeneration after injury in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that circRIMKLB sponged miR-29c, releasing KCNJ12 to regulate myoblast proliferation and differentiation and regulating cell cycle during muscle regeneration after injury in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yifan Wen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Binglin Yue
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jialin Zhong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Li Zheng
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Chuzhao Lei
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yongzhen Huang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&f University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
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15
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Gosha-jinki-Gan (GJG) shows anti-aging effects through suppression of TNF-α production by Chikusetsusaponin V. Gene 2022; 815:146178. [PMID: 34995733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.146178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Frailty develops due to multiple factors, such as sarcopenia, chronic pain, and dementia. Go-sha-jinki-Gan (GJG) is a traditional Japanese herbal medicine used for age-related symptoms. We have reported that GJG improved sarcopenia, chronic pain, and central nervous system function through suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) production. In the present study, GJG was found to reduce the production of TNF-α in the soleus muscle of senescence-accelerated mice at 12 weeks and 36 weeks. GJG did not change the differentiation of C2C12 cells with 2% horse serum. GJG significantly decreased the expression of Muscle atrophy F-box protein (MAFbx) induced by TNF-α in C2C12 cells on real-time PCR. TNF-α significantly decreased the expression of PGC-1α and negated the enhancing effect of GJG for the expression of PGC-1α on digital PCR. Examining 20 chemical compounds derived from GJG, cinnamaldehyde from cinnamon bark and Chikusetsusaponin V (CsV) from Achyrantes Root dose-dependently decreased the production of TNF-⍺ in RAW264.7 cells stimulated by LPS. CsV inhibited the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) p65 in RAW264.7 cells. CsV showed low permeability using Caco-2 cells. However, the plasma concentration of CsV was detected from 30 min to 6 h and peaked at 1 h in the CD1 (ICR) mice after a single dose of GJG. In 8-week-old SAMP8 mice fed 4% (w/w) GJG from one week to four weeks, the plasma CsV concentration ranged from 0.0500 to 10.0 ng/mL. The evidence that CsV plays an important role in various anti-aging effects of GJG via suppression of TNF-⍺ expression is presented.
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16
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Dalle S, Dupont J, Dedeyne L, Verschueren S, Tournoy J, Gielen E, Koppo K. Preliminary evidence of differential expression of myogenic and stress factors in skeletal muscle of older adults with low muscle strength. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2022; 77:1121-1129. [PMID: 34984449 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glac002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of muscle strength and mass, or sarcopenia, is a growing concern in the ageing population. Yet, it is not fully understood which molecular mechanisms underlie sarcopenia. Therefore, the present study compared the protein expression profile, such as catabolic, oxidative, stress-related and myogenic pathways, between older adults with preserved (8 ♀ and 5 ♂; 71.5 ±2.6 years) and low muscle strength (6 ♀ and 5 ♂; 78.0±5.0 years). Low muscle strength was defined as chair stand test time >15 seconds and/or handgrip strength <16kg (women) or <27kg (men) according the EWGSOP2 criteria. Catabolic signaling (i.e. FOXO1/3a, MuRF1, MAFbx, LC3b, Atg5, p62) was not differentially expressed between both groups, whereas the mitochondrial marker COX-IV, but not PGC1α and citrate synthase, was lower in the low muscle strength group. Stress factors CHOP and p-ERK1/2 were higher (~1.5-fold) in older adults with low muscle strength. Surprisingly, the inflammatory marker p-p65NF-κB was ~7-fold higher in older adults with preserved muscle strength. Finally, expression of myogenic factors (i.e. Pax7, MyoD, desmin; ~2-fold) was higher in adults with low muscle strength. To conclude, whereas the increased stress factors might reflect the age-related deterioration of tissue homeostasis, e.g. due to misfolded proteins (CHOP), upregulation of myogenic markers in the low strength group might be an attempt to compensate for the gradual loss in muscle quantity and quality. These data might provide valuable insights in the processes that underlie sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiaan Dalle
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jolan Dupont
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lenore Dedeyne
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Sabine Verschueren
- Research Group for Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jos Tournoy
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | - Evelien Gielen
- Geriatrics & Gerontology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, KU Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Geriatric Medicine, UZ Leuven, Belgium
| | - Katrien Koppo
- Exercise Physiology Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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17
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Yoon JH, Lee SM, Lee Y, Kim MJ, Yang JW, Choi JY, Kwak JY, Lee KP, Yang YR, Kwon KS. Alverine citrate promotes myogenic differentiation and ameliorates muscle atrophy. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 586:157-162. [PMID: 34847441 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.11.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is the age-related loss of muscle mass and function and no pharmacological medication has been approved for its treatment. We established an atrogin-1/MAFbx promoter assay to find drug candidates that inhibit myotube atrophy. Alverine citrate (AC) was identified using high-throughput screening of an existing drug library. AC is an established medicine for stomach and intestinal spasms. AC treatment increased myotube diameter and inhibited atrophy signals induced by either C26-conditioned medium or dexamethasone in cultured C2C12 myoblasts. AC also enhanced myoblast fusion through the upregulation of fusion-related genes during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Oral administration of AC improves muscle mass and physical performance in aged mice, as well as hindlimb-disused mice. Taken together, our data suggest that AC may be a novel therapeutic candidate for improving muscle weakness, including sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyeon Yoon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Min Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Min Ju Kim
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yi Choi
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Yeon Kwak
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Pyo Lee
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Ryoul Yang
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; Aventi Inc., Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Prognostic Impact of Sarcopenia in Patients with Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246345. [PMID: 34944964 PMCID: PMC8699789 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The clinical value of sarcopenia has not been determined yet in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). We retrospectively evaluated data of 70 consecutive patients with mHSPC receiving treatment with either early docetaxel (n = 42) or abiraterone acetate (n = 28) between July 2018 and April 2021. Skeletal muscle index was calculated from cross-sectional areas of skeletal muscle on baseline computed tomography (CT), defining sarcopenia as a skeletal muscle index of ≤52.4 cm2/m2. Failure-free survival (FFS), radiographic progression-free survival, and time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and differences in survival probability were compared using the log-rank test. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted to identify the predictors of clinical outcomes. Patients with sarcopenia (n = 47) had shorter FFS than those without sarcopenia (n = 23) (median, 20.1 months vs. not reached; log-rank p < 0.001). Sarcopenia was independently associated with shorter FFS (hazard ratio (HR), 6.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.57-28.49; p = 0.010) and time to PSA progression (HR, 12.91; 95% CI, 1.08-153.85; p = 0.043). In conclusion, sarcopenia is an independent prognostic factor for poor FFS and time to PSA progression in patients with mHSPC who receive early docetaxel or abiraterone acetate treatment.
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Shang G, Han L, Wang Z, Song M, Wang D, Tan Y, Li Y, Li Y, Zhang W, Zhong M. Pim1 knockout alleviates sarcopenia in aging mice via reducing adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα + mesenchymal progenitors. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1741-1756. [PMID: 34435457 PMCID: PMC8718082 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia widely exists in elderly people and triggers numerous age-related events. The essential pathologic change lies in the increased intramuscular adipose tissue after aging with no exception to non-obese objects. Pim1 appears to be associated with adipogenic differentiation in recent studies, inspiring us to explore whether it regulates adipogenesis in aging muscles and affects sarcopenia. METHODS Wild-type and Pim1 knockout C57/BL6J mice were randomized into young and old groups. Histo-pathological and molecular biological methods were applied to assess the intramuscular adipose tissue content, the atrophy and regeneration, and the expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors. PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors were separated and their replicative aging model were established. Different time of adipogenic induction and different amounts of Pim1 inhibitor were applied, after which the adipogenic potency were evaluated. The expressions of Pim1 and adipogenic transcription factors were measured through western blotting. RESULTS The aging mice demonstrated decreased forelimb grip strength (P = 0.0003), hanging impulse (P < 0.0001), exhaustive running time (P < 0.0001), tetanic force (P = 0.0298), lean mass (P = 0.0008), and percentage of gastrocnemius weight in body weight (P < 0.0001), which were improved by Pim1 knockout (P = 0.0015, P = 0.0222, P < 0.0001, P = 0.0444, P = 0.0004, and P = 0.0003, respectively). To elucidate the mechanisms, analyses showed that Pim1 knockout decreased the fat mass (P = 0.0005) and reduced the intramuscular adipose tissue content (P = 0.0008) by inhibiting the C/EBPδ pathway (P = 0.0067) in aging mice, resulting in increased cross-sectional area of all and fast muscle fibres (P = 0.0017 and 0.0024 respectively), decreased levels of MuRF 1 and atrogin 1 (P = 0.0001 and 0.0329 respectively), and decreased content of Pax7 at the basal state (P = 0.0055). In vitro, senescent PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors showed significantly increased the intracellular adipose tissue content (OD510) compared with young cells after 6 days of adipogenic induction (P < 0.0001). The Pim1 expression was elevated during adipogenic differentiation, and Pim1 inhibition significantly reduced the OD510 in senescent cells (P = 0.0040) by inhibiting the C/EBPδ pathway (P = 0.0047). CONCLUSIONS Pim1 knockout exerted protective effects in sarcopenia by inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of PDGFRα+ mesenchymal progenitors induced by C/EBPδ activation and thus reducing the intramuscular adipose tissue content in aging mice. These results provide a potential target for the treatment of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo‐kai Shang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Lu Han
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of General Practice, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Zhi‐hao Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong University; Shandong key Laboratory of Cardiovascular ProteomicsJinanShandongChina
| | - Ming Song
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Di Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yan‐min Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yi‐hui Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Yu‐lin Li
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Wei Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
| | - Ming Zhong
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education, Chinese National Health Commission and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, The State and Shandong Province Joint Key Laboratory of Translational Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Cardiology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of MedicineShandong UniversityJinanShandongChina
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20
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Takahashi Y, Shimizu T, Kato S, Nara M, Suganuma Y, Sato T, Morii T, Yamada Y, Fujita H. Reduction of Superoxide Dismutase 1 Delays Regeneration of Cardiotoxin-Injured Skeletal Muscle in KK/Ta- Ins2Akita Mice with Progressive Diabetic Nephropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5491. [PMID: 34071003 PMCID: PMC8197123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Superoxide dismutase (SOD) is a major antioxidant enzyme for superoxide removal, and cytoplasmic SOD (SOD1) is expressed as a predominant isoform in all cells. We previously reported that renal SOD1 deficiency accelerates the progression of diabetic nephropathy (DN) via increasing renal oxidative stress. To evaluate whether the degree of SOD1 expression determines regeneration capacity and sarcopenic phenotypes of skeletal muscles under incipient and advanced DN conditions, we investigated the alterations of SOD1 expression, oxidative stress marker, inflammation, fibrosis, and regeneration capacity in cardiotoxin (CTX)-injured tibialis anterior (TA) muscles of two Akita diabetic mouse models with different susceptibility to DN, DN-resistant C57BL/6-Ins2Akita and DN-prone KK/Ta-Ins2Akita mice. Here, we report that KK/Ta-Ins2Akita mice, but not C57BL/6-Ins2Akita mice, exhibit delayed muscle regeneration after CTX injection, as demonstrated by the finding indicating significantly smaller average cross-sectional areas of regenerating TA muscle myofibers relative to KK/Ta-wild-type mice. Furthermore, we observed markedly reduced SOD1 expression in CTX-injected TA muscles of KK/Ta-Ins2Akita mice, but not C57BL/6-Ins2Akita mice, along with increased inflammatory cell infiltration, prominent fibrosis and superoxide overproduction. Our study provides the first evidence that SOD1 reduction and the following superoxide overproduction delay skeletal muscle regeneration through induction of overt inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of progressive DN.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cardiotoxins/toxicity
- Collagen Type I/biosynthesis
- Collagen Type I/genetics
- Collagen Type I, alpha 1 Chain
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/complications
- Diabetic Nephropathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Nephropathies/genetics
- Diabetic Nephropathies/pathology
- Disease Progression
- Enzyme Induction/drug effects
- Fibrosis
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Glomerular Mesangium/pathology
- Inflammation
- Insulin/deficiency
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Mutant Strains
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscle, Skeletal/physiology
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Sarcopenia/etiology
- Superoxide Dismutase-1/biosynthesis
- Superoxide Dismutase-1/drug effects
- Superoxide Dismutase-1/genetics
- Superoxide Dismutase-1/physiology
- Superoxides/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Takahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tatsunori Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Shunsuke Kato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Mitsuhiko Nara
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yumi Suganuma
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Takehiro Sato
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Tsukasa Morii
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yuichiro Yamada
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
- Kansai Electric Power Medical Research Institute, 2-1-7 Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0003, Japan
| | - Hiroki Fujita
- Department of Metabolism and Endocrinology, Akita University Graduate School of Medicine, 1-1-1 Hondo, Akita 010-8543, Japan; (Y.T.); (T.S.); (S.K.); (M.N.); (Y.S.); (T.S.); (T.M.); (Y.Y.)
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21
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Allen SL, Marshall RN, Edwards SJ, Lord JM, Lavery GG, Breen L. The effect of young and old ex vivo human serum on cellular protein synthesis and growth in an in vitro model of aging. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 321:C26-C37. [PMID: 33909501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00093.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In vitro models of muscle aging are useful for understanding mechanisms of age-related muscle loss and aiding the development of targeted therapies. To investigate mechanisms of age-related muscle loss in vitro utilizing ex vivo human serum, fasted blood samples were obtained from four old (72 ± 1 yr) and four young (26 ± 3 yr) men. Older individuals had elevated levels of plasma CRP, IL-6, HOMA-IR, and lower concentric peak torque and work-per-repetition compared with young participants (P < 0.05). C2C12 myotubes were serum and amino acid starved for 1 h and conditioned with human serum (10%) for 4 h or 24 h. After 4 h, C2C12 cells were treated with 5 mM leucine for 30 min. Muscle protein synthesis (MPS) was determined through the surface sensing of translation (SUnSET) technique and regulatory signaling pathways were measured via Western blot. Myotube diameter was significantly reduced in myotubes treated with serum from old, in comparison to young donors (84%, P < 0.001). MPS was reduced in myotubes treated with old donor serum, compared with young serum before leucine treatment (32%, P < 0.01). MPS and the phosphorylation of Akt, p70S6K, and eEF2 were increased in myotubes treated with young serum in response to leucine treatment, with a blunted response identified in cells treated with old serum (P < 0.05). Muscle protein breakdown signaling pathways did not differ between groups. In summary, we show that myotubes conditioned with serum from older individuals had decreased myotube diameter and MPS compared with younger individuals, potentially driven by low-grade systemic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie L Allen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ryan N Marshall
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie J Edwards
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Janet M Lord
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Birmingham Health Partner, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research, Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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22
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Calvani R, Picca A, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Gervasoni J, Persichilli S, Primiano A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Cesari M, Bossola M, Urbani A, Onder G, Landi F, Bernabei R, Marzetti E. Identification of biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia through a new multi-marker approach: results from the BIOSPHERE study. GeroScience 2021; 43:727-740. [PMID: 32488674 PMCID: PMC8110636 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical frailty and sarcopenia (PF&S) is a prototypical geriatric condition characterized by reduced physical function and low muscle mass. The aim of the present study was to provide an initial selection of biomarkers for PF&S using a novel multivariate analytic strategy. Two-hundred community-dwellers, 100 with PF&S and 100 non-physically frail, non-sarcopenic (nonPF&S) controls aged 70 and older were enrolled as part of the BIOmarkers associated with Sarcopenia and Physical frailty in EldeRly pErsons (BIOSPHERE) study. A panel of 74 serum analytes involved in inflammation, muscle growth and remodeling, neuromuscular junction damage, and amino acid metabolism was assayed. Biomarker selection was accomplished through sequential and orthogonalized covariance selection (SO-CovSel) analysis. Separate SO-CovSel models were constructed for the whole study population and for the two genders. The model with the best prediction ability obtained with the smallest number of variables was built using seven biomolecules. This model allowed correct classification of 80.6 ± 5.3% PF&S participants and 79.9 ± 5.1% nonPF&S controls. The PF&S biomarker profile was characterized by higher serum levels of asparagine, aspartic acid, and citrulline. Higher serum concentrations of platelet-derived growth factor BB, heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72), myeloperoxidase, and α-aminobutyric acid defined the profile of nonPF&S participants. Gender-specific SO-CovSel models identified a "core" biomarker profile of PF&S, characterized by higher serum levels of aspartic acid and Hsp72 and lower concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein 1β, with peculiar signatures in men and women.SO-CovSel analysis allowed identifying a set of potential biomarkers for PF&S. The adoption of such an innovative multivariate approach could help address the complex pathophysiology of PF&S, translate biomarker discovery from bench to bedside, and unveil novel targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Calvani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Picca
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Jacopo Gervasoni
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Silvia Persichilli
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Aniello Primiano
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Hélio J Coelho-Junior
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Applied Kinesiology Laboratory-LCA, School of Physical Education, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Matteo Cesari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Geriatric Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bossola
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Graziano Onder
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Bernabei
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy.
| | - Emanuele Marzetti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario ''Agostino Gemelli'' IRCCS, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, L.go F. Vito 1, 00168, Rome, Italy
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23
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Kawanishi N, Machida S. Alterations of macrophage and neutrophil content in skeletal muscle of aged versus young mice. Muscle Nerve 2021; 63:600-607. [PMID: 33386611 PMCID: PMC8048435 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle inflammation and oxidative stress are associated with aging-related loss of muscle mass and may be attributable to alterations in the number and types of leukocytes in skeletal muscle. Here, we tested the hypothesis that aging changes the number and composition of leukocyte subsets in skeletal muscle tissue. METHODS Skeletal muscle was sampled from 4-mo-old (young) and 27-mo-old (old) C57BL/6J mice. Mononuclear cells of the gastrocnemius muscle were isolated, and flow cytometry was used to characterize the number and types of immune cells. RESULTS The number of neutrophils and Ly-6C+ inflammatory macrophages in the skeletal muscle was significantly higher in old mice than in young mice. Inflammation and oxidative stress (measured using the markers phosphorylated JNK and nitrotyrosine) were also higher in the skeletal muscle of old mice than in that of young mice. CONCLUSIONS Increasing age promotes skeletal muscle inflammation and oxidative stress, as well as infiltration of inflammatory macrophages and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriaki Kawanishi
- Faculty of Advanced EngineeringChiba Institute of TechnologyNarashinoJapan
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityInzaiJapan
- Institute of Health & Sports Science and MedicineJuntendo UniversityInzaiJapan
| | - Shuichi Machida
- Graduate School of Health and Sports ScienceJuntendo UniversityInzaiJapan
- Institute of Health & Sports Science and MedicineJuntendo UniversityInzaiJapan
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24
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Bao Z, Cui C, Chow SKH, Qin L, Wong RMY, Cheung WH. AChRs Degeneration at NMJ in Aging-Associated Sarcopenia-A Systematic Review. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:597811. [PMID: 33362532 PMCID: PMC7759742 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.597811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an aging process with a decline of skeletal muscle mass and function, which is a challenging public health problem with reduced quality of life in patients. The endplate, the post-synaptic part of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ), occupies 0.1% of the myofiber surface area only, but is composed of millions of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) that are efficient in binding to acetylcholine (ACh) and triggering skeletal muscle contraction. This systematic review aims to examine aging-associated alterations of post-synaptic AChRs, including morphology, function and related gene expression. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science with relevant keywords by two independent reviewers. Original pre-clinical and clinical studies regarding AChRs changes during aging with available full text and written in English were included. Information was extracted from the included studies for further review. In total, 30 articles were included. Various parameters assessing AChRs alterations by radioassay, immunofluorescence, electrophysiology and mechanical test were reported. Endplate fragmentation and denervation were common in old skeletal muscles during aging. To ensure efficient NMJ transmission and force generation, type I or IIb muscle fibers tended to have increased ACh quanta releasing after electrical stimulations, while type IIa muscle fibers tended to have stronger binding between ACh and AChRs, but the overall function of AChRs was reduced during aging. Alterations of AChRs area depended on muscle type, species and the progress of muscle atrophy and type I muscles fibers tended to demonstrate enlarging AChRs areas. Myogenic regulator factors (MRFs) can regulate the expression of AChRs subunits, while decreased MRF4 may lead to expression changes of AChRs subunits during aging. Sarcoglycan-α can delay low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 4 (LRP4) degradation. This protein was increased in old muscles but still cannot suppress the degradation of LRP4. Investigating the role of these AChRs-related genes in the process of aging may provide a potential target to treat sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Bao
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Can Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Simon Kwoon-Ho Chow
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ronald Man Yeung Wong
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wing-Hoi Cheung
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,The CUHK-ACC Space Medicine Centre on Health Maintenance of Musculoskeletal System, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
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25
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Anker MS, Springer J, Coats AJ, von Haehling S. The 10th year of the Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1390-1395. [PMID: 33340288 PMCID: PMC7749579 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Markus S Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology (CVK), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Campus Benjamin Franklin (CBF), Charité University Medicine Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jochen Springer
- Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew Js Coats
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Rome, Italy
| | - Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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26
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Brzeszczyńska J, Brzeszczyński F, Hamilton DF, McGregor R, Simpson AHRW. Role of microRNA in muscle regeneration and diseases related to muscle dysfunction in atrophy, cachexia, osteoporosis, and osteoarthritis. Bone Joint Res 2020; 9:798-807. [PMID: 33174473 PMCID: PMC7672326 DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.911.bjr-2020-0178.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of small non-coding RNAs that have emerged as potential predictive, prognostic, and therapeutic biomarkers, relevant to many pathophysiological conditions including limb immobilization, osteoarthritis, sarcopenia, and cachexia. Impaired musculoskeletal homeostasis leads to distinct muscle atrophies. Understanding miRNA involvement in the molecular mechanisms underpinning conditions such as muscle wasting may be critical to developing new strategies to improve patient management. MicroRNAs are powerful post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression in muscle and, importantly, are also detectable in the circulation. MicroRNAs are established modulators of muscle satellite stem cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation, however, there have been limited human studies that investigate miRNAs in muscle wasting. This narrative review summarizes the current knowledge as to the role of miRNAs in the skeletal muscle differentiation and atrophy, synthesizing the findings of published data. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(11):798-807.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Molecular Biophysics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | | | - David F Hamilton
- School of Clinical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Robin McGregor
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, South Korea
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27
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Bellezza I, Riuzzi F, Chiappalupi S, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Sorci G, Donato R. Reductive stress in striated muscle cells. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:3547-3565. [PMID: 32072237 PMCID: PMC11105111 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03476-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Reductive stress is defined as a condition of sustained increase in cellular glutathione/glutathione disulfide and NADH/NAD+ ratios. Reductive stress is emerging as an important pathophysiological event in several diseased states, being as detrimental as is oxidative stress. Occurrence of reductive stress has been documented in several cardiomyopathies and is an important pathophysiological factor particularly in coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction. Excess activation of the transcription factor, Nrf2-the master regulator of the antioxidant response-, consequent in most cases to defective autophagy, can lead to reductive stress. In addition, hyperglycemia-induced activation of the polyol pathway can lead to increased NADH/NAD+ ratio, which might translate into increased levels of hydrogen sulfide-via enhanced activity of cystathionine β-synthase-that would fuel reductive stress through inhibition of mitochondrial complex I. Reductive stress may be either a potential weapon against cancer priming tumor cells to apoptosis or a cancer's ally promoting tumor cell proliferation and making tumor cells resistant to reactive oxygen species-inducing drugs. In non-cancer pathological states reductive stress is definitely harmful paradoxically leading to reactive oxygen species overproduction via excess NADPH oxidase 4 activity. In face of the documented occurrence of reductive stress in several heart diseases, there is much less information about the occurrence and effects of reductive stress in skeletal muscle tissue. In the present review we describe relevant results emerged from studies of reductive stress in the heart and review skeletal muscle conditions in which reductive stress has been experimentally documented and those in which reductive stress might have an as yet unrecognized pathophysiological role. Establishing whether reductive stress has a (patho)physiological role in skeletal muscle will hopefully contribute to answer the question whether antioxidant supplementation to the general population, athletes, and a large cohort of patients (e.g. heart, sarcopenic, dystrophic, myopathic, cancer, and bronco-pulmonary patients) is harmless or detrimental.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Chiappalupi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
- Centro Universitario Di Ricerca Sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Medical School, University of Perugia, Piazza Lucio Severi 1, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
- Interuniversity Institute of Myology (IIM), University of Perugia, 06132, Perugia, Italy.
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Shen Y, Zhang Q, Huang Z, Zhu J, Qiu J, Ma W, Yang X, Ding F, Sun H. Isoquercitrin Delays Denervated Soleus Muscle Atrophy by Inhibiting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:988. [PMID: 32903465 PMCID: PMC7435639 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although denervated muscle atrophy is common, the underlying molecular mechanism remains unelucidated. We have previously found that oxidative stress and inflammatory response may be early events that trigger denervated muscle atrophy. Isoquercitrin is a biologically active flavonoid with antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study investigated the effect of isoquercitrin on denervated soleus muscle atrophy and its possible molecular mechanisms. We found that isoquercitrin was effective in alleviating soleus muscle mass loss following denervation in a dose-dependent manner. Isoquercitrin demonstrated the optimal protective effect at 20 mg/kg/d, which was the dose used in subsequent experiments. To further explore the protective effect of isoquercitrin on denervated soleus muscle atrophy, we analyzed muscle proteolysis via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, mitophagy, and muscle fiber type conversion. Isoquercitrin significantly inhibited the denervation-induced overexpression of two muscle-specific ubiquitin ligases—muscle RING finger 1 (MuRF1) and muscle atrophy F-box (MAFbx), and reduced the degradation of myosin heavy chains (MyHCs) in the target muscle. Following isoquercitrin treatment, mitochondrial vacuolation and autophagy were inhibited, as evidenced by reduced level of autophagy-related proteins (ATG7, BNIP3, LC3B, and PINK1); slow-to-fast fiber type conversion in the target muscle was delayed via triggering expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1α (PGC-1α); and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the target muscle was reduced, which might be associated with the upregulation of antioxidant factors (SOD1, SOD2, NRF2, NQO1, and HO1) and the downregulation of ROS production-related factors (Nox2, Nox4, and DUOX1). Furthermore, isoquercitrin treatment reduced the levels of inflammatory factors—interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)—in the target muscle and inactivated the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway. Overall, isoquercitrin may alleviate soleus muscle atrophy and mitophagy and reverse the slow-to-fast fiber type conversion following denervation via inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Our study findings enrich the knowledge regarding the molecular regulatory mechanisms of denervated muscle atrophy and provide a scientific basis for isoquercitrin as a protective drug for the prevention and treatment of denervated muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuntian Shen
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Qiuyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Ziwei Huang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jiayi Qiu
- School of Nursing, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wenjing Ma
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiaoming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Fei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Hualin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Jiangsu Clinical Medicine Center of Tissue Engineering and Nerve Injury Repair, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
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29
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Ran S, He X, Jiang Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Gu G, Pei Y, Liu B, Tian Q, Zhang Y, Wang J, Deng H. Whole-exome sequencing and genome-wide association studies identify novel sarcopenia risk genes in Han Chinese. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2020; 8:e1267. [PMID: 32478482 PMCID: PMC7434604 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is a complex polygenic disease, and its molecular mechanism is still unclear. Whole lean body mass (WLBM) is a heritable trait predicting sarcopenia. To identify genomic loci underlying, we performed a whole-exome sequencing (WES) of WLBM variation with high sequencing depth (more than 40*) in 101 Chinese subjects. We then replicated in the major findings in the large-scale UK Biobank (UKB) cohort (N = 217,822) for WLBM. The results of four single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were significant both in the discovery stage and replication stage: SNP rs740681 (discovery p = 1.66 × 10-6 , replication p = .05), rs2272303 (discovery p = 3.20 × 10-4 , replication p = 3.10 × 10-4 ), rs11170413 (discovery p = 3.99 × 10-4 , replication p = 2.90 × 10-4 ), and rs2272302 (discovery p = 9.13 × 10-4 , replication p = 3.10 × 10-4 ). We combined p values of the significant SNPs. Functional annotations highlighted two candidate genes, including FZR1 and SOAT2, that may exert pleiotropic effects to the development of body mass. Our findings provide useful insights that further enhance our understanding of genetic interplay in sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ran
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Xiao He
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Zi‐Xuan Jiang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Yu‐Xue Zhang
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public HealthSoochow UniversityJiangsuPR China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversityJiangsuPR China
| | - Gui‐Shan Gu
- Ji Lin UniversityFirst HospitalChangchunPR China
| | - Yufang Pei
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology and GenomicsSchool of Public HealthSoochow UniversityJiangsuPR China
| | - Bao‐Lin Liu
- School of Medical Instruments and Food EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghaiPR China
| | - Qing Tian
- Department of BiostatisticsTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Yong‐Hong Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Geriatric DiseasesSoochow UniversityJiangsuPR China
- Department of Epidemiology and StatisticsSchool of Public HealthSoochow UniversityJiangsuPR China
| | - Jing‐Yu Wang
- Ji Lin UniversityFirst HospitalChangchunPR China
| | - Hong‐Wen Deng
- Department of BiostatisticsTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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30
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Mankhong S, Kim S, Moon S, Kwak HB, Park DH, Kang JH. Experimental Models of Sarcopenia: Bridging Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy. Cells 2020; 9:E1385. [PMID: 32498474 PMCID: PMC7348939 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia has been defined as a progressive decline of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and functions in elderly people. It is accompanied by physical frailty, functional disability, falls, hospitalization, and mortality, and is becoming a major geriatric disorder owing to the increasing life expectancy and growing older population worldwide. Experimental models are critical to understand the pathophysiology of sarcopenia and develop therapeutic strategies. Although its etiologies remain to be further elucidated, several mechanisms of sarcopenia have been identified, including cellular senescence, proteostasis imbalance, oxidative stress, and "inflammaging." In this article, we address three main aspects. First, we describe the fundamental aging mechanisms. Next, we discuss both in vitro and in vivo experimental models based on molecular mechanisms that have the potential to elucidate the biochemical processes integral to sarcopenia. The use of appropriate models to reflect sarcopenia and/or its underlying pathways will enable researchers to understand sarcopenia and develop novel therapeutic strategies for sarcopenia. Lastly, we discuss the possible molecular targets and the current status of drug candidates for sarcopenia treatment. In conclusion, the development of experimental models for sarcopenia is essential to discover molecular targets that are valuable as biochemical biomarkers and/or therapeutic targets for sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sakulrat Mankhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Sujin Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sohee Moon
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
| | - Hyo-Bum Kwak
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Dong-Ho Park
- Department of Kinesiology, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (H.-B.K.); (D.-H.P.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hypoxia-related Disease Research Center, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea; (S.M.); (S.K.); (S.M.)
- Institute of Sports & Arts Convergence (ISAC), Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Koshikawa M, Harada M, Noyama S, Kiyono K, Motoike Y, Nomura Y, Nishimura A, Izawa H, Watanabe E, Ozaki Y. Association between inflammation and skeletal muscle proteolysis, skeletal mass and strength in elderly heart failure patients and their prognostic implications. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:228. [PMID: 32414332 PMCID: PMC7229573 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01514-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammation and skeletal muscle wasting often coexist in elderly populations, but few studies have examined their relationship in elderly heart failure (HF) patients. This study examined the relationship between inflammation and increased skeletal muscle proteolysis, reduced skeletal mass and strength, and their prognostic implications in elderly HF patients (> 65 years) using a random forest approach. METHODS We prospectively enrolled consecutive elderly HF patients (n = 78) and age- and sex-matched control subjects (n = 83). We measured the interleukin (IL)-6, C-reactive protein (CRP), and B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels, lower limb muscle mass and strength, and 6-min walk distance. The amount of muscle proteolysis was determined by urinary 3-methylhystidine, normalized by creatinine (3-MH/Cr). The composite endpoint was defined as all-cause death or hospitalizations due to worsening HF. RESULTS Compared to controls, elderly HF patients had a significantly higher IL-6, CRP, BNP, and 3-MH/Cr, and exhibited a reduced lower limb muscle mass and strength. A correlation analysis demonstrated significant positive correlations between the inflammatory cytokine levels and 3-MH/Cr and BNP, and negative correlations with the lower limb muscle mass and strength, and 6-min walk distance. During a median follow-up of 2.4-years, 24 patients reached the endpoint. A random forest model revealed that inflammatory cytokines, skeletal muscle wasting, and the BNP had greater effects on the risk prediction. The algorithm achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.887 (95% CI, 0.772-1.000). CONCLUSION This study provided evidence of the association between inflammation and increased skeletal muscle proteolysis, reduced skeletal mass and strength, and their prognostic roles in elderly HF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Koshikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Masahide Harada
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shunsuke Noyama
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Ken Kiyono
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Yuji Motoike
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Asuka Nishimura
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hideo Izawa
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Bantane Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Eiichi Watanabe
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Yukio Ozaki
- Department of Cardiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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32
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Kuo YK, Lin YC, Lee CY, Chen CY, Tani J, Huang TJ, Chang H, Wu MH. Novel Insights into the Pathogenesis of Spinal Sarcopenia and Related Therapeutic Approaches: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3010. [PMID: 32344580 PMCID: PMC7216136 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21083010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal sarcopenia is a complex and multifactorial disorder associated with a loss of strength, increased frailty, and increased risks of fractures and falls. In addition, spinal sarcopenia has been associated with lumbar spine disorders and osteoporosis, which renders making decisions on treatment modalities difficult. Patients with spinal sarcopenia typically exhibit lower cumulative survival, a higher risk of in-hospital complications, prolonged hospital stays, higher postoperative costs, and higher rates of blood transfusion after thoracolumbar spine surgery. Several studies have focused on the relationships between spinal sarcopenia, appendicular muscle mass, and bone-related problems-such as osteoporotic fractures and low bone mineral density-and malnutrition and vitamin D deficiency. Although several techniques are available for measuring sarcopenia, each of them has its advantages and shortcomings. For treating spinal sarcopenia, nutrition, physical therapy, and medication have been proven to be effective; regenerative therapeutic options seem to be promising owing to their repair and regeneration potential. Therefore, in this narrative review, we summarize the characteristics, detection methodologies, and treatment options for spinal sarcopenia, as well as its role in spinal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Kuo
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Medicine, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lin
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung & Chang Gung University, College of Medicine, Keelung 20401, Taiwan;
| | - Ching-Yu Lee
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City 23561, Taiwan
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Jowy Tani
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
- Department of Neurology, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and National Health Research Institutes, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jen Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Hsi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Huang Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-Y.L.)
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Stanford Byers Center for Biodesign, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
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Inflamma-miR-21 Negatively Regulates Myogenesis during Ageing. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040345. [PMID: 32340146 PMCID: PMC7222422 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with disrupted redox signalling and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Skeletal muscle homeostasis depends on the balance between muscle hypertrophy, atrophy and regeneration, however during ageing this balance is disrupted. The molecular pathways underlying the age-related decline in muscle regenerative potential remain elusive. microRNAs are conserved robust gene expression regulators in all tissues including skeletal muscle. Here, we studied satellite cells from adult and old mice to demonstrate that inhibition of miR-21 in satellite cells from old mice improves myogenesis. We determined that increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines, TNFα and IL6, as well as H2O2, increased miR-21 expression in primary myoblasts, which in turn resulted in their decreased viability and myogenic potential. Inhibition of miR-21 function rescued the decreased size of myotubes following TNFα or IL6 treatment. Moreover, we demonstrated that miR-21 could inhibit myogenesis in vitro via regulating IL6R, PTEN and FOXO3 signalling. In summary, upregulation of miR-21 in satellite cells and muscle during ageing may occur in response to elevated levels of TNFα and IL6, within satellite cells or myofibrillar environment contributing to skeletal muscle ageing and potentially a disease-related decline in potential for muscle regeneration.
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Yin J, Qian Z, Chen Y, Li Y, Zhou X. MicroRNA regulatory networks in the pathogenesis of sarcopenia. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:4900-4912. [PMID: 32281300 PMCID: PMC7205827 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age‐related disease characterized by disturbed homeostasis of skeletal muscle, leading to a decline in muscle mass and function. Loss of muscle mass and strength leads to falls and fracture, and is often accompanied by other geriatric diseases, including osteoporosis, frailty and cachexia, resulting in a general decrease in quality of life and an increase in mortality. Although the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenia are still not completely understood, there has been a marked improvement in the understanding of the pathophysiological changes leading to sarcopenia in recent years. The role of microRNAs (miRNAs), especially, has been clearer in skeletal muscle development and homeostasis. miRNAs form part of a gene regulatory network and have numerous activities in many biological processes. Intervention based on miRNAs may develop into an innovative treatment strategy to conquer sarcopenia. This review is divided into three sections: firstly, the latest understanding of the pathogenesis of sarcopenia is summarized; secondly, increasing evidence for the involvement of miRNAs in the regulation of muscle quantity or quality and muscle homeostasis is highlighted; and thirdly, the possibilities and limitations of miRNAs as a treatment for sarcopenia are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Yin
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Qian
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuqi Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Rong S, Wang L, Peng Z, Liao Y, Li D, Yang X, Nuessler AK, Liu L, Bao W, Yang W. The mechanisms and treatments for sarcopenia: could exosomes be a perspective research strategy in the future? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:348-365. [PMID: 31989804 PMCID: PMC7113536 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The age-related loss of muscle mass and muscle function known as sarcopenia is a primary contributor to the problems faced by the old people. Sarcopenia has been a major public health problem with high prevalence in many countries. The related underlying molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia are not completely understood. This review is focused on the potential mechanisms and current research strategies for sarcopenia with the aim of facilitating the recognition and treatment of age-related sarcopenia. Previous studies suggested that protein synthesis and degradation, autophagy, impaired satellite cell activation, mitochondria dysfunction, and other factors associated with muscle weakness and muscle degeneration may be potential molecular pathophysiology of sarcopenia. Importantly, we also prospectively highlight that exosomes (small vesicles) as carriers can regulate muscle regeneration and protein synthesis according to recent researches. Dietary strategies and exercise represent the interventions that can also alleviate the progression of sarcopenia. At last, building on recent studies pointing to exosomes with the roles in increasing muscle regeneration, mediating the beneficial effects of exercise, and serving as messengers of intercellular communication and as carriers for research strategies of many diseases, we propose that exosomes could be a potential research direction or strategies of sarcopenia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Rong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Medical College, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhao Peng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuxiao Liao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xuefeng Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Andreas K Nuessler
- Department of Traumatology, BG Trauma Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Liegang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Bao
- Department of Epidemology, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene and MOE Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Validation of Reference Genes for Gene Expression Studies by RT-qPCR in HepaRG Cells during Toxicity Testing and Disease Modelling. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030770. [PMID: 32245194 PMCID: PMC7140694 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is routinely used in biomedical studies. The reproducibility and reliability of the data fundamentally depends on experimental design and data interpretation. Despite the wide application of this assay, there is significant variation in the validation process of gene expression data from research laboratories. Since the validity of results depends on appropriate normalisation, it is crucial to select appropriate reference gene(s), where transcription of the selected gene is unaffected by experimental setting. In this study we have applied geNorm technology to investigate the transcription of 12 ‘housekeeping’ genes for use in the normalisation of RT-qPCR data acquired using a widely accepted HepaRG hepatic cell line in studies examining models of pre-clinical drug testing. geNorm data identified a number of genes unaffected by specific drug treatments and showed that different genes remained invariant in response to different drug treatments, whereas the transcription of ‘classical’ reference genes such as GAPDH (glyceralde- hyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) was altered by drug treatment. Comparing data normalised using the reference genes identified by geNorm with normalisation using classical housekeeping genes demonstrated substantial differences in the final results. In light of cell therapy application, RT-qPCR analyses has to be carefully evaluated to accurately interpret data obtained from dynamic cellular models undergoing sequential stages of phenotypic change.
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Chaillou T, Sanna I, Kadi F. Glutamine-stimulated in vitro hypertrophy is preserved in muscle cells from older women. Mech Ageing Dev 2020; 187:111228. [PMID: 32142719 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2020.111228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Age-related loss of muscle mass may result from reduced protein synthesis stimulation in response to anabolic stimuli, such as amino acid (AA) supplementation. The exact etiology of anabolic resistance to AA remains unclear. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the anabolic response [cell size, protein synthesis and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway] to the AA glutamine (a strong anabolic AA highly present in skeletal muscle) in myotubes obtained from 8 young (YW; 21-35 yrs) and 8 older (OW; 65-70 yrs) healthy women. This in vitro model of human primary myogenic cells explores the intrinsic behavior of muscle cells, while excluding potential influences of external factors. We showed that despite lower muscle mass, strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in OW compared to YW, myotube size (myotube diameter and area) and protein synthesis were not altered in OW, and glutamine-induced myotube hypertrophy and protein synthesis were preserved in OW. Apart from a lower glutamine-induced increase in P70S6 kinase phosphorylation in OW, no significant differences in other components of the mTOR pathway were observed between groups. Altogether, our data support the idea that the intrinsic capacity of muscle cells to respond to glutamine stimulation is preserved in healthy older women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Chaillou
- Department of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Igor Sanna
- Department of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Fawzi Kadi
- Department of Health Sciences, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Abstract
The importance of frailty in heart failure (HF) patients has been increasingly recognized because of its high prevalence and its significantly adverse impact on prognosis and quality of life. Due to the impact of frailty on both prognosis and treatment of HF patients, all patients with HF, regardless of their chronological age, should be evaluated for the presence of, or the risk for developing frailty. However, although several instruments are available, there is still no consensus as to which is the best method to assess frailty in patients with HF. Therefore, a validated and easy to apply instrument to assess frailty in HF patients in daily practice is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristiana Vitale
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy
| | - Izabella Uchmanowicz
- Department of Medical Sciences, Centre for Clinical and Basic Research, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, via della Pisana, 235, 00163 Rome, Italy.,Department of Clinical Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Poland
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Huang J, Wang K, Shiflett LA, Brotto L, Bonewald LF, Wacker MJ, Dallas SL, Brotto M. Fibroblast growth factor 9 (FGF9) inhibits myogenic differentiation of C2C12 and human muscle cells. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:3562-3580. [PMID: 31735119 PMCID: PMC6927711 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1691796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis and sarcopenia (osteosarcopenia (OS)) are twin-aging diseases. The biochemical crosstalk between muscle and bone seems to play a role in OS. We have previously shown that osteocytes produce soluble factors with beneficial effects on muscle and vice versa. Recently, enhanced FGF9 production was observed in the OmGFP66 osteogenic cell line. To test its role in myogenic differentiation, C2C12 myoblasts were treated with recombinant FGF9. FGF9 as low as 10 ng/mL inhibited myogenic differentiation, suggesting that FGF9 might be a potential inhibitory factor produced from bone cells with effects on muscle cells. FGF9 (10–50 ng/mL) significantly decreased mRNA expression of MyoG and Mhc while increasing the expression of Myostatin. Consistent with the phenotype, RT-qPCR array revealed that FGF9 (10 ng/mL) increased the expression of Icam1 while decreased the expression of Wnt1 and Wnt6 decreased, respectively. FGF9 decreased caffeine-induced Ca2+ release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) of C2C12 myotubes and reduced the expression of genes (i.e. Cacna1s, RyR2, Naftc3) directly associated with intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Myogenic differentiation in human skeletal muscle cells was similarly inhibited by FGF9 but required higher doses of 200 ng/mL FGF9. FGF9 was also shown to stimulate C2C12 myoblast proliferation. FGF2 and the FGF9 subfamily members FGF16 and FGF20 also inhibited C2C12 myoblast differentiation and enhanced proliferation. Intriguingly, the differentiation inhibition was independent of proliferation enhancement. These findings suggest that FGF9 may modulate myogenesis via a complex signaling mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Huang
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Lora A Shiflett
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Leticia Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Lynda F Bonewald
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Michael J Wacker
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Sarah L Dallas
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Marco Brotto
- Bone-Muscle Research Center, College of Nursing & Health Innovation, the University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
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40
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Requena Calleja M, Arenas Miquélez A, Díez-Manglano J, Gullón A, Pose A, Formiga F, Mostaza J, Cepeda J, Suárez C. Sarcopenia, frailty, cognitive impairment and mortality in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Rev Clin Esp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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41
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Kim JA, Kim SM, Ha SE, Vetrivel P, Saralamma VVG, Kim EH, Kim GS. Sinensetin regulates age-related sarcopenia in cultured primary thigh and calf muscle cells. Altern Ther Health Med 2019; 19:287. [PMID: 31660942 PMCID: PMC6819389 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2714-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Sarcopenia, the decline of skeletal muscle tissue attributed to primary aging is a major concern in older adults. Flavonoids might have potential benefits by modulating the regulation of satellite cells, thus preventing muscle loss. Sinensetin (SIN), a citrus methylated flavone with anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity, can enhance lipolysis. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether SIN might have sarcopenia-suppressing effect on satellite cells from thigh and calf muscle tissues of young and old rats. Methods Primary muscle cells were obtained from thigh and calf tissues of young and old group rats by dissection. Obtained satellite cells were incubated with indicated concentrations of SIN (50 and 100 μM) treated and untreated condition in differentiation medium. Morphological changes of cells were examined using a phase-contrast microscope. Protein expression levels of myoD and myogenin were analyzed by Western blot. Cells treated with or without SIN under differentiation condition were also immunocytochemically stained for myogenin and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). Results Morphologically, the differentiation extracted satellite cells was found to be more evident in SIN treated group of aged rat′s cells than that in SIN untreated group. Expression levels of myoD and myogenin proteins involved in myogenesis were increased upon treatment with SIN. Conclusions Collectively, our results indicate that SIN can alleviate age-related sarcopenia by increasing differentiation rate and protein levels of myoD and myogenin.
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Interleukin-6 Induces Myogenic Differentiation via JAK2-STAT3 Signaling in Mouse C2C12 Myoblast Cell Line and Primary Human Myoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215273. [PMID: 31652937 PMCID: PMC6862063 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal muscle growth and exercise- or injury-induced regeneration are facilitated by myoblasts. Myoblasts respond to a variety of proteins such as cytokines that activate various signaling cascades. Cytokines belonging to the interleukin 6 superfamily (IL-6) influence myoblasts' proliferation but their effect on differentiation is still being researched. The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is one of the key signaling pathways identified to be activated by IL-6. The aim of this study was to investigate myoblast fate as well as activation of JAK-STAT pathway at different physiologically relevant IL-6 concentrations (10 pg/mL; 100 pg/mL; 10 ng/mL) in the C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line and primary human myoblasts, isolated from eight young healthy male volunteers. Myoblasts' cell cycle progression, proliferation and differentiation in vitro were assessed. Low IL-6 concentrations facilitated cell cycle transition from the quiescence/Gap1 (G0/G1) to the synthesis (S-) phases. Low and medium IL-6 concentrations decreased the expression of myoblast determination protein 1 (MyoD) and myogenin and increased proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. In contrast, high IL-6 concentration shifted a larger proportion of cells to the pro-differentiation G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle, substantiated by significant increases of both MyoD and myogenin expression and decreased PCNA expression. Low IL-6 concentration was responsible for prolonged JAK1 activation and increased suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) protein expression. JAK-STAT inhibition abrogated IL-6-mediated C2C12 cell proliferation. In contrast, high IL-6 initially increased JAK1 activation but resulted in prolonged JAK2 activation and elevated SOCS3 protein expression. High IL-6 concentration decreased interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression 24 h after treatment whilst low IL-6 concentration increased IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) expression at the same time point. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that IL-6 has concentration- and time-dependent effects on both C2C12 mouse myoblasts and primary human myoblasts. Low IL-6 concentration induces proliferation whilst high IL-6 concentration induces differentiation. These effects are mediated by specific components of the JAK/STAT/SOCS pathway.
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Cernea A, Fernández-Martínez JL, de Andrés-Galiana EJ, Fernández-Muñiz Z, Bermejo-Millo JC, González-Blanco L, Solano JJ, Abizanda P, Coto-Montes A, Caballero B. Prognostic networks for unraveling the biological mechanisms of Sarcopenia. Mech Ageing Dev 2019; 182:111129. [PMID: 31445068 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2019.111129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sarcopenia is an age-related multifactorial process that involved several biological mechanisms, whose specific contribution and interplay is still unknown. The present study proposes prognostic networks based on machine learning approaches to unravel the interplay among those biological mechanisms mainly involved in the development of Sarcopenia. After analyzing 114 biological and clinical variables in adults older than 70 years, and using all the biological prognostic networks detected by machine learning with accuracy higher than 82%, we designed a consensus classifier based on majority vote that improve the predictive accuracy of Sarcopenia up to 91%. Additionally, we applied logistic regression analysis to propose the interplay among the most discriminative biological variables of Sarcopenia: anthropometry, body composition, functional performance of lower limbs, systemic oxidative stress, presence of depression and medication for the digestive system based on proton-pump inhibitors. Our data also demonstrate that besides a loss of muscle mass, impairments on functional performance of lower limbs are more relevant for develop Sarcopenia than those affecting the muscle strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Cernea
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Martínez
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Juan de Andrés-Galiana
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Zulima Fernández-Muñiz
- Group of Inverse Problems, Optimization and Machine Learning, Department of Mathematics, University of Oviedo, C/ Federico García Lorca, 8, 33007, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Bermejo-Millo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Laura González-Blanco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan José Solano
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Geriatric Service, Monte Naranco Hospital, Av. Dolores Fernández Vega 107, 33012, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
| | - Pedro Abizanda
- Geriatric Service, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, C/Hnos. Falcó, 37, 02008, Albacete, Spain; CIBERFES (CB16/10/00408), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Coto-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Caballero
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA) and Department of Morphology and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, C/ Julián Claveria 6, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
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Marzetti E, Picca A, Marini F, Biancolillo A, Coelho-Junior HJ, Gervasoni J, Bossola M, Cesari M, Onder G, Landi F, Bernabei R, Calvani R. Inflammatory signatures in older persons with physical frailty and sarcopenia: The frailty “cytokinome” at its core. Exp Gerontol 2019; 122:129-138. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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45
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Alyodawi K, Vermeij WP, Omairi S, Kretz O, Hopkinson M, Solagna F, Joch B, Brandt RMC, Barnhoorn S, van Vliet N, Ridwan Y, Essers J, Mitchell R, Morash T, Pasternack A, Ritvos O, Matsakas A, Collins-Hooper H, Huber TB, Hoeijmakers JHJ, Patel K. Compression of morbidity in a progeroid mouse model through the attenuation of myostatin/activin signalling. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2019; 10:662-686. [PMID: 30916493 PMCID: PMC6596402 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the principles underpinning our understanding of ageing is that DNA damage induces a stress response that shifts cellular resources from growth towards maintenance. A contrasting and seemingly irreconcilable view is that prompting growth of, for example, skeletal muscle confers systemic benefit. METHODS To investigate the robustness of these axioms, we induced muscle growth in a murine progeroid model through the use of activin receptor IIB ligand trap that dampens myostatin/activin signalling. Progeric mice were then investigated for neurological and muscle function as well as cellular profiling of the muscle, kidney, liver, and bone. RESULTS We show that muscle of Ercc1Δ/- progeroid mice undergoes severe wasting (decreases in hind limb muscle mass of 40-60% compared with normal mass), which is largely protected by attenuating myostatin/activin signalling using soluble activin receptor type IIB (sActRIIB) (increase of 30-62% compared with untreated progeric). sActRIIB-treated progeroid mice maintained muscle activity (distance travel per hour: 5.6 m in untreated mice vs. 13.7 m in treated) and increased specific force (19.3 mN/mg in untreated vs. 24.0 mN/mg in treated). sActRIIb treatment of progeroid mice also improved satellite cell function especially their ability to proliferate on their native substrate (2.5 cells per fibre in untreated progeroids vs. 5.4 in sActRIIB-treated progeroids after 72 h in culture). Besides direct protective effects on muscle, we show systemic improvements to other organs including the structure and function of the kidneys; there was a major decrease in the protein content in urine (albumin/creatinine of 4.9 sActRIIB treated vs. 15.7 in untreated), which is likely to be a result in the normalization of podocyte foot processes, which constitute the filtration apparatus (glomerular basement membrane thickness reduced from 224 to 177 nm following sActRIIB treatment). Treatment of the progeric mice with the activin ligand trap protected against the development of liver abnormalities including polyploidy (18.3% untreated vs. 8.1% treated) and osteoporosis (trabecular bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.14 mm3 in untreated mice, cortical bone volume; 0.30 mm3 in treated progeroid mice vs. 0.22 mm3 in untreated mice). The onset of neurological abnormalities was delayed (by ~5 weeks) and their severity reduced, overall sustaining health without affecting lifespan. CONCLUSIONS This study questions the notion that tissue growth and maintaining tissue function during ageing are incompatible mechanisms. It highlights the need for future investigations to assess the potential of therapies based on myostatin/activin blockade to compress morbidity and promote healthy ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alyodawi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Wilbert P Vermeij
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saleh Omairi
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,College of Medicine, Wasit University, Kut, Iraq
| | - Oliver Kretz
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Francesca Solagna
- Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Barbara Joch
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Renata M C Brandt
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Barnhoorn
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole van Vliet
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yanto Ridwan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Essers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Vascular Surgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Taryn Morash
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Arja Pasternack
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Olli Ritvos
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Health Science Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Tobias B Huber
- Medizinische Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Medicine IV, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,BIOSS Center for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan H J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center, Oncode Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,CECAD Forschungszentrum, Universität zu Köln, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ketan Patel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies and Center for Biological System Analysis, Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Sarcopenia, frailty, cognitive impairment and mortality in elderly patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Rev Clin Esp 2019; 219:424-432. [PMID: 31109685 DOI: 10.1016/j.rce.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the prevalence of sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment in elderly patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) and the factors' influence on survival. METHODS Prospective, multicentre cohort study of patients older than 75 years with NVAF hospitalised in internal medicine departments in Spain. For each patient, we recorded the creatinine, haemoglobin and platelet levels, the scores on the CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scales and Charlson index, as well as the use of oral anticoagulants. We measured sarcopenia with the SARC-F scale, frailty with the FRAIL scale and cognitive impairment with the Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire. We also conducted a 1-year follow-up. RESULTS The study included 596 patients with NVAF, with a mean age of 84.9 (SD: 5.2) years. Of these, 295 (49.5%) presented sarcopenia, 305 (51.2%) presented frailty, and 251 (42.1%) presented cognitive impairment. At the end of 1year, 226 (37.9%) patients had died. Mortality was greater for the patients with sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment. In the multivariate analysis, sarcopenia (HR: 1.775; 95%CI: 1.270-2.481), age, comorbidity and a history of peripheral embolism were associated with increased mortality, and the use of oral anticoagulants at discharge (HR: 0.415; 95%CI: 0.307-0.560) was associated with lower mortality. CONCLUSIONS Sarcopenia, frailty and cognitive impairment are very common in elderly patients with NVAF and are frequently associated. Sarcopenia was associated with increased mortality.
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47
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Riuzzi F, Sorci G, Arcuri C, Giambanco I, Bellezza I, Minelli A, Donato R. Cellular and molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia: the S100B perspective. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:1255-1268. [PMID: 30499235 PMCID: PMC6351675 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary sarcopenia is a condition of reduced skeletal muscle mass and strength, reduced agility, and increased fatigability and risk of bone fractures characteristic of aged, otherwise healthy people. The pathogenesis of primary sarcopenia is not completely understood. Herein, we review the essentials of the cellular and molecular mechanisms of skeletal mass maintenance; the alterations of myofiber metabolism and deranged properties of muscle satellite cells (the adult stem cells of skeletal muscles) that underpin the pathophysiology of primary sarcopenia; the role of the Ca2+ -sensor protein, S100B, as an intracellular factor and an extracellular signal regulating cell functions; and the functional role of S100B in muscle tissue. Lastly, building on recent results pointing to S100B as to a molecular determinant of myoblast-brown adipocyte transition, we propose S100B as a transducer of the deleterious effects of accumulation of reactive oxygen species in myoblasts and, potentially, myofibers concurring to the pathophysiology of sarcopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Riuzzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Guglielmo Sorci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Cataldo Arcuri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ileana Giambanco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology
| | - Ilaria Bellezza
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Alba Minelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
| | - Rosario Donato
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy.,Interuniversity Institute of Myology.,Centro Universitario di Ricerca sulla Genomica Funzionale, University of Perugia, Perugia, 06132, Italy
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48
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Kalampouka I, van Bekhoven A, Elliott BT. Differing Effects of Younger and Older Human Plasma on C2C12 Myocytes in Vitro. Front Physiol 2018. [PMID: 29535644 PMCID: PMC5835329 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageing is associated with a general reduction of physiological function and a reduction of muscle mass and strength. Endocrine factors such as myostatin, activin A, growth and differentiation factor 11 (GDF-11) and their inhibitory peptides influence muscle mass in health and disease. We hypothesised that myocytes cultured in plasma from older and younger individuals would show an ageing effect, with reduced proliferation and differentiation in older environments. C2C12 myoblasts were grown as standard and stimulated with media conditioned with 5% plasma from healthy male participants that were either younger (n = 6, 18–35 years of age) or older (n = 6, >57 years of age). Concentration of plasma myostatin (total and free), follistatin-like binding protein (FLRG), GDF-11 and activin A were quantified by ELISA. Both FLRG and activin A were elevated in older individuals (109.6 and 35.1% increase, respectively), whilst myostatin (free and total) and GDF-11 were not. Results indicated that plasma activin A and FLRG were increased in older vs. younger participants, GDF11 and myostatin did not differ. Myoblasts in vitro showed no difference in proliferation rate between ages, however scratch closure was greater in younger vs. older plasma stimulated myoblasts (78.2 vs. 87.2% of baseline scratch diameter, respectively). Myotube diameters were larger in cells stimulated with younger plasma than with older at 24 and 48 h, but not at 2 h. A significant negative correlation was noted between in vivo plasma FLRG concentration and in vitro myotube diameter 48 h following plasma stimulation (r2 = 0.392, p = 0.030). Here we show that myoblasts and myotubes cultured in media conditioned with plasma from younger or older individuals show an ageing effect, and further this effect moderately correlates with circulating FLRG concentration in vivo. The effect of ageing on muscle function may not be innate to the tissue, but involve a general cellular environment change. Further work is needed to examine the effect of increased FLRG concentration on muscle function in ageing populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifigeneia Kalampouka
- Translational Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
| | - Angel van Bekhoven
- Translational Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom.,Engineering and Applied Science, Hogeschool Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bradley T Elliott
- Translational Physiology Research Group, Faculty of Science & Technology, University of Westminster, London, United Kingdom
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49
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Brzeszczyńska J, Meyer A, McGregor R, Schilb A, Degen S, Tadini V, Johns N, Langen R, Schols A, Glass DJ, Roubenoff R, Ross JA, Fearon KCH, Greig CA, Jacobi C. Alterations in the in vitro and in vivo regulation of muscle regeneration in healthy ageing and the influence of sarcopenia. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2018; 9:93-105. [PMID: 29214748 PMCID: PMC5803613 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia is defined as the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function. While all humans lose muscle with age, 2-5% of elderly adults develop functional consequences (disabilities). The aim of this study was to investigate muscle myogenesis in healthy elderly adults, with or without sarcopenia, compared with middle-aged controls using both in vivo and in vitro approaches to explore potential biomarker or causative molecular pathways associated with sarcopenic versus non-sarcopenic skeletal muscle phenotypes during ageing. METHODS Biomarkers of multiple molecular pathways associated with muscle regeneration were analysed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in quadriceps muscle samples obtained from healthy elderly sarcopenic (HSE, n = 7) or non-sarcopenic (HENS, n = 21) and healthy middle-aged control (HMC, n = 22) groups. An in vitro system of myogenesis (using myoblasts from human donors aged 17-83 years) was used to mimic the environmental challenges of muscle regeneration over time. RESULTS The muscle biopsies showed evidence of satellite cell activation in HENS (Pax3, P < 0.01, Pax7, P < 0.0001) compared with HMC. Early myogenesis markers Myogenic Differentiation 1 (MyoD1) and Myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) (P < 0.0001) and the late myogenesis marker myogenin (MyoG) (P < 0.01) were increased in HENS. In addition, there was a 30-fold upregulation of TNF-α in HENS compared with HMC (P < 0.0001). The in vitro system demonstrated age-related upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (2-fold upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8 mRNA, increased secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and IL-6, all P < 0.05) associated with impaired kinetics of myotube differentiation. The HSE biopsy samples showed satellite cell activation (Pax7, P < 0.05) compared with HMC. However, no significant upregulation of the early myogenesis (MyoD and Myf5) markers was evident; only the late myogenesis marker myogenin was upregulated (P < 0.05). Higher activation of the oxidative stress pathway was found in HENS compared with the HSE group. In contrast, there was 10-fold higher upregulation of HSPA1A a stress-induced chaperone acting upon misfolded proteins in HSE compared with the HENS group. CONCLUSIONS Both pathological and adaptive processes are active in skeletal muscle during healthy ageing. Muscle regeneration pathways are activated during healthy ageing, but there is evidence of dysregulation in sarcopenia. In addition, increased cellular stress, with an impaired oxidative-stress and mis-folded protein response (HSPA1A), may be associated with the development of sarcopenia. The in vitro system of young and old myoblasts replicated some of the differences between young and old muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Brzeszczyńska
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angelika Meyer
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Robin McGregor
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease Center, College of Medicine, Inje University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Alain Schilb
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Degen
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Valentina Tadini
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Neil Johns
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ramon Langen
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Annemie Schols
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - David J Glass
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Ronenn Roubenoff
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - James A Ross
- Tissue Injury and Repair Group, Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.,Clinical Sciences (Surgery), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Carolyn A Greig
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences and MRC-Arthritis Research UK Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carsten Jacobi
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research Basel, Novartis Pharma AG, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland and Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA, USA
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