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Klein Haneveld MJ, Hieltjes IJ, Langendam MW, Cornel MC, Gaasterland CMW, van Eeghen AM. Improving care for rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders: A systematic review and critical appraisal of clinical practice guidelines using AGREE II. Genet Med 2024; 26:101071. [PMID: 38224026 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders associated with intellectual disability require lifelong multidisciplinary care. Clinical practice guidelines may support healthcare professionals in their daily practice, but guideline development for rare conditions can be challenging. In this systematic review, the characteristics and methodological quality of internationally published recommendations for this population are described to provide an overview of current guidelines and inform future efforts of European Reference Network ITHACA (Intellectual disability, TeleHealth, Autism, and Congenital Anomalies). METHODS MEDLINE, Embase, and Orphanet were systematically searched to identify guidelines for conditions classified as "rare genetic intellectual disability" (ORPHA:183757). Methodological quality was assessed using the Appraisal of Guidelines, Research, and Evaluation II tool. RESULTS Seventy internationally published guidelines, addressing the diagnosis and/or management of 28 conditions, were included. The methodological rigor of development was highly variable with limited reporting of literature searches and consensus methods. Stakeholder involvement and editorial independence varied as well. Implementation was rarely addressed. CONCLUSION Comprehensive, high-quality guidelines are lacking for many rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorders. Use and transparent reporting of sound development methodologies, active involvement of affected individuals and families, robust conflict of interest procedures, and attention to implementation are vital for enhancing the impact of clinical practice recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirthe J Klein Haneveld
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Iméze J Hieltjes
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Miranda W Langendam
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martina C Cornel
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M W Gaasterland
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Knowledge Institute of the Dutch Association of Medical Specialists, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnies M van Eeghen
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; European Reference Network on Rare Congenital Malformations and Rare Intellectual Disability ERN-ITHACA, Clinical Genetics Department, Robert Debré University Hospital, Paris, France; Amsterdam Reproduction and Development Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Advisium, 's Heeren Loo Zorggroep, Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
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2
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Goetsch Weisman A, Weiss McQuaid S, Radtke HB, Stoll J, Brown B, Gomes A. Neurofibromatosis- and schwannomatosis-associated tumors: Approaches to genetic testing and counseling considerations. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:2467-2481. [PMID: 37485904 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis (NF) and schwannomatosis (SWN) are genetic conditions characterized by the risk of developing nervous system tumors. Recently revised diagnostic criteria include the addition of genetic testing to confirm a pathogenic variant, as well as to detect the presence of mosaicism. Therefore, the use and interpretation of both germline and tumor-based testing have increasing importance in the diagnostic approach, treatment decisions, and risk stratification of these conditions. This focused review discusses approaches to genetic testing of NF- and SWN-related tumor types, which are somewhat rare and perhaps lesser known to non-specialized clinicians. These include gastrointestinal stromal tumors, breast cancer, plexiform neurofibromas with or without transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, gliomas, and schwannomas, and emphasizes the need for inclusion of genetic providers in patient care and appropriate pre- and post-test education, genetic counseling, and focused evaluation by a medical geneticist or other healthcare provider familiar with clinical manifestations of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Goetsch Weisman
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Shelly Weiss McQuaid
- Division of Genetics, Genomics and Metabolism, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Division of Oncology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Heather B Radtke
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
- Children's Tumor Foundation, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Bryce Brown
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Alicia Gomes
- Medical Genomics Laboratory, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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3
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Franchi M, Radtke HB, Lewis AM, Moss I, Cofield SS, Cannon A. Parent perspectives on disclosing a pediatric neurofibromatosis type 1 diagnosis. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:1088-1101. [PMID: 37183616 PMCID: PMC10592428 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common genetic disorder typically diagnosed in childhood and characterized by cutaneous findings, nerve sheath tumors, skeletal abnormalities, malignancies, and developmental differences. Due to its variability, NF1 is an unpredictable condition that parents have concerns about discussing with their children. While there are publications addressing the disclosure of genetic conditions in general, no NF1-specific disclosure literature exists. To fill this gap, this mixed methods study sought to evaluate the concerns, barriers, failures, or successes parents or guardians have experienced when they have or have not chosen to tell their child(ren) about an NF1 diagnosis. Parents of children between ages 0 and 17 with a diagnosis of NF1 completed a survey and some parents were selected for an interview invitation. A total of 258 surveys were completed, and 20 parents were interviewed. Interview transcripts were categorized into disclosure and non-disclosure groups. Themes were organized into five categories based on interview questions: disclosure concerns, factors affecting disclosure/non-disclosure, approaches to disclosure, desired resources, and recommendations for disclosure. Sentiment analysis was performed on responses about the disclosure discussion itself. Results indicated that most parents (70.5%) disclosed the NF1 diagnosis to their child and overall felt it was a positive experience. Almost one-third of parents (29.5%) had not disclosed the diagnosis. A strong significance was identified between disclosure and severe presentation of NF1 (p = 0.0008). Parents in both groups shared similar concerns about discussing the diagnosis and multiple factors influenced the disclosure decision. Most parents approached disclosure as a process and emphasized the need to be honest and supportive of their child. Parents highlighted the need for more educational resources for children and guidance on how to disclose. These findings indicate that additional resources and support for parents would facilitate disclosure and the involvement of genetic counselors in the process would be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Franchi
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Heather B. Radtke
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
- Children’s Tumor Foundation, New York, New York
| | | | - Irene Moss
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Stacey S. Cofield
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Ashley Cannon
- Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
- InformedDNA, St. Petersburg, Florida
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4
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Vernimmen V, Paulussen ADC, Dreesen JCFM, van Golde RJ, Zamani Esteki M, Coonen E, van Buul-van Zwet ML, Homminga I, Derijck AAHA, Brandts L, Stumpel CTRM, de Die-Smulders CEM. Preimplantation genetic testing for Neurofibromatosis type 1: more than 20 years of clinical experience. Eur J Hum Genet 2023:10.1038/s41431-023-01404-x. [PMID: 37337089 PMCID: PMC10400537 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01404-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disorder that affects the skin and the nervous system. The condition is completely penetrant with extreme clinical variability, resulting in unpredictable manifestations in affected offspring, complicating reproductive decision-making. One of the reproductive options to prevent the birth of affected offspring is preimplantation genetic testing (PGT). We performed a retrospective review of the medical files of all couples (n = 140) referred to the Dutch PGT expert center with the indication NF1 between January 1997 and January 2020. Of the couples considering PGT, 43 opted out and 15 were not eligible because of failure to identify the underlying genetic defect or unmet criteria for in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The remaining 82 couples proceeded with PGT. Fertility assessment prior to IVF treatment showed a higher percentage of male infertility in males affected with NF1 compared to the partners of affected females. Cardiac evaluations in women with NF1 showed no contraindications for IVF treatment or pregnancy. For 67 couples, 143 PGT cycles were performed. Complications of IVF treatment were not more prevalent in affected females compared to partners of affected males. The transfer of 174 (out of 295) unaffected embryos led to 42 ongoing pregnancies with a pregnancy rate of 24.1% per embryo transfer. There are no documented cases of misdiagnosis following PGT in this cohort. With these results, we aim to provide an overview of PGT for NF1 with regard to success rate and safety, to optimize reproductive counseling and PGT treatment for NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Vernimmen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Aimée D C Paulussen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jos C F M Dreesen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Ron J van Golde
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Masoud Zamani Esteki
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Edith Coonen
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Irene Homminga
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Section Reproductive Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Alwin A H A Derijck
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Center for Reproductive Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Preconception and Conception, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lloyd Brandts
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Constance T R M Stumpel
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christine E M de Die-Smulders
- GROW-School for Oncology and Reproduction, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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5
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Radtke HB, Berger A, Skelton T, Goetsch Weisman A. Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): Addressing the Transition from Pediatric to Adult Care. Pediatric Health Med Ther 2023; 14:19-32. [PMID: 36798587 PMCID: PMC9925753 DOI: 10.2147/phmt.s362679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Health care transition, or HCT, is the process of adolescents and young adults moving from a child/family-centered model of health care to an adult/patient-centered model of health care. Healthcare providers have an essential role in this process which can be especially challenging for individuals with medical or special healthcare needs. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex multisystem disorder requiring lifelong medical surveillance, education, and psychosocial support. This review highlights the transition needs of NF1 patients and provides resources for both clinicians and families to facilitate HCT in this population. The authors propose a framework for the development of an effective NF1 transition program by using the Six Core Elements model of the Got Transition program, reviewing existing literature, and incorporating author experiences in the care and transition of NF1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather B Radtke
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Children’s Tumor Foundation, New York, NY, USA,Correspondence: Heather B Radtke, Email
| | - Angela Berger
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Tammi Skelton
- UAB Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Allison Goetsch Weisman
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Higashigawa S, Matsubayashi H, Kiyozumi Y, Kado N, Nishimura S, Oishi T, Sugino T, Fushiki K, Shirasu H, Yasui H, Mamesaya N, Fukuzaki N, Kunitomo K, Horiuchi Y, Kenmotsu H, Serizawa M. Present status of germline findings in precision medicine for Japanese cancer patients: issues in the current system. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2022; 52:599-608. [PMID: 35411369 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyac046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since 2019, precision cancer medicine has been covered by national insurance in Japan; however, to date, germline findings have not been fully reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the current status and raise a problem of germline finding analysis and disclosure in Japanese precision cancer medicine. METHODS Germline findings of 52 genes were examined in 296 cases with advanced cancer by a case series study. RESULTS Six (2.0%) cases were examined by the Oncoguide™ NCC Oncopanel with germline testing, but no germline findings were reported. The remaining 290 (98.0%) cases were analyzed by FoundationOne® CDx (tumor-only testing), which recognized 404 pathogenic variants; those of BRCA1/2 were recognized in 16 (5.5%) tumors. Our institutional algorithm suggested 39 candidate germline findings in 34 cases, while the public algorithm listed at least 91 candidate germline findings. Four germline findings had been previously identified (BRCA1: 3 and ATM: 1). Nine of 30 cases with candidate germline findings excluding these known germline findings refused or deferred germline testing. Only 4 of 16 cases that received counseling underwent germline testing, and those 4 revealed 3 germline findings (BRCA2, CDK4 and RAD51C); in total, 8 (2.7%) germline findings were revealed. Reasons for refusing genetic counseling and/or germline testing included extra hospital visits, added expense for germline testing due to limited national insurance coverage, poor patient physical condition and no known family members associated with the possible germline finding. CONCLUSIONS In current Japanese precision cancer medicine, only a small fraction of the patients undergoes germline testing and demonstrated germline finding. The current results suggested a need for earlier indications for precision cancer medicine, broader insurance coverage and more efficient germline finding prediction algorithms, to increase the number of germline testings and to improve the following managements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yasue Horiuchi
- Division of Genetic Medicine Promotion.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Masakuni Serizawa
- Clinical Research Center, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Nagaizumi-cho, Sunto-gun, Shizuoka, Japan
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7
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Defining the Critical Components of Informed Consent for Genetic Testing. J Pers Med 2021; 11:jpm11121304. [PMID: 34945775 PMCID: PMC8706495 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11121304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Informed consent for genetic testing has historically been acquired during pretest genetic counseling, without specific guidance defining which core concepts are required. Methods: The Clinical Genome Resource (ClinGen) Consent and Disclosure Recommendations Workgroup (CADRe) used an expert consensus process to identify the core concepts essential to consent for clinical genetic testing. A literature review identified 77 concepts that are included in informed consent for genetic tests. Twenty-five experts (9 medical geneticists, 8 genetic counselors, and 9 bioethicists) completed two rounds of surveys ranking concepts’ importance to informed consent. Results: The most highly ranked concepts included: (1) genetic testing is voluntary; (2) why is the test recommended and what does it test for?; (3) what results will be returned and to whom?; (4) are there other types of potential results, and what choices exist?; (5) how will the prognosis and management be impacted by results?; (6) what is the potential family impact?; (7) what are the test limitations and next steps?; and (8) potential risk of genetic discrimination and legal protections. Conclusion: Defining the core concepts necessary for informed consent for genetic testing provides a foundation for quality patient care across a variety of healthcare providers and clinical indications.
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Prabhu VC, Pappu S, Borys E, Ormston L, Lomasney LM. Commentary: Machine-Learning Approach to Differentiation of Benign and Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors: A Multicenter Study. Neurosurgery 2021; 89:E156-E157. [PMID: 34131751 DOI: 10.1093/neuros/nyab224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vikram C Prabhu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Suguna Pappu
- Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Edward Hines Veterans Administration Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Ewa Borys
- Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Leighanne Ormston
- Department of Oncology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurie M Lomasney
- Department of Radiology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, Illinois, USA
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9
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Scala M, Schiavetti I, Madia F, Chelleri C, Piccolo G, Accogli A, Riva A, Salpietro V, Bocciardi R, Morcaldi G, Di Duca M, Caroli F, Verrico A, Milanaccio C, Viglizzo G, Traverso M, Baldassari S, Scudieri P, Iacomino M, Piatelli G, Minetti C, Striano P, Garrè ML, De Marco P, Diana MC, Capra V, Pavanello M, Zara F. Genotype-Phenotype Correlations in Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Single-Center Cohort Study. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13081879. [PMID: 33919865 PMCID: PMC8070780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a complex disorder characterized by a multisystem involvement and cancer predisposition. It is caused by genetic variants in NF1, a large tumor suppressor gene encoding a cytoplasmatic protein (neurofibromin) with a regulatory role in essential cellular processes. Genotype–phenotype correlations in NF1 patients are so far elusive. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, radiological, and genetic data of 583 individuals with at least 1 National Institutes of Health (NIH) criterion for NF1 diagnosis, including 365 subjects fulfilling criteria for the diagnosis. Novel genotype–phenotype correlations were identified through uni- and multivariate statistical analysis. Missense variants negatively correlated with neurofibromas. Skeletal abnormalities were associated with frameshift variants and whole gene deletions. The c.3721C>T; p.(R1241*) variant positively correlated with structural brain alterations, whereas the c.6855C>A; p.(Y2285*) variant was associated with a higher prevalence of Lisch nodules and endocrinological disorders. These novel NF1 genotype–phenotype correlations may have a relevant role in the implementation of patients’ care. Abstract Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a proteiform genetic condition caused by pathogenic variants in NF1 and characterized by a heterogeneous phenotypic presentation. Relevant genotype–phenotype correlations have recently emerged, but only few pertinent studies are available. We retrospectively reviewed clinical, instrumental, and genetic data from a cohort of 583 individuals meeting at least 1 diagnostic National Institutes of Health (NIH) criterion for NF1. Of these, 365 subjects fulfilled ≥2 NIH criteria, including 235 pediatric patients. Genetic testing was performed through cDNA-based sequencing, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), and Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA). Uni- and multivariate statistical analysis was used to investigate genotype–phenotype correlations. Among patients fulfilling ≥ 2 NIH criteria, causative single nucleotide variants (SNVs) and copy number variations (CNVs) were detected in 267/365 (73.2%) and 20/365 (5.5%) cases. Missense variants negatively correlated with neurofibromas (p = 0.005). Skeletal abnormalities were associated with whole gene deletions (p = 0.05) and frameshift variants (p = 0.006). The c.3721C>T; p.(R1241*) variant positively correlated with structural brain alterations (p = 0.031), whereas Lisch nodules (p = 0.05) and endocrinological disorders (p = 0.043) were associated with the c.6855C>A; p.(Y2285*) variant. We identified novel NF1 genotype–phenotype correlations and provided an overview of known associations, supporting their potential relevance in the implementation of patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Scala
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Irene Schiavetti
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Biostatistics, University of Genova, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Francesca Madia
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Cristina Chelleri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Gianluca Piccolo
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Andrea Accogli
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Vincenzo Salpietro
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Renata Bocciardi
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Guido Morcaldi
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Marco Di Duca
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Francesco Caroli
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Antonio Verrico
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Claudia Milanaccio
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | | | - Monica Traverso
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Simona Baldassari
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Paolo Scudieri
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Michele Iacomino
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Gianluca Piatelli
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Carlo Minetti
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Maria Luisa Garrè
- Neuro-Oncology Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy; (A.V.); (C.M.); (M.L.G.)
| | - Patrizia De Marco
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Diana
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (G.P.); (G.M.); (M.T.); (M.C.D.)
| | - Valeria Capra
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
| | - Marco Pavanello
- Neurosurgery Department, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Federico Zara
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (M.S.); (C.C.); (A.A.); (A.R.); (V.S.); (R.B.); (P.S.); (C.M.); (P.S.); (F.Z.)
- UOC Genetica Medica, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, University of Genoa, 16147 Genoa, Italy; (F.M.); (M.D.D.); (F.C.); (S.B.); (M.I.); (P.D.M.); (V.C.)
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Wang R, Lin Z. A child with multiple hypopigmented lesions. BMJ 2021; 372:m4844. [PMID: 33408240 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.m4844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruojun Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Zhimiao Lin
- Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, 8 Xishiku Street, Beijing 100034, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis on Dermatoses and National Clinical Research Centre for Skin and Immune Diseases, Beijing, China
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