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Yokoo H, Dirisala A, Uchida S, Oba M. Oligosarcosine Conjugation of Arginine-Rich Peptides Improves the Intracellular Delivery of Peptide/pDNA Complexes. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:890-896. [PMID: 38159284 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), for example, arginine (Arg) rich peptides, are used for the intracellular delivery of nucleic acids. In this study, oligosarcosine-conjugated Arg-rich peptides were designed as plasmid DNA (pDNA) carriers, and the physicochemical parameters and transfection efficiency of the peptide/pDNA complexes were evaluated. Oligosarcosine with different lengths were conjugated to a base sequence composed of arginine and α-aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) [(Aib-Arg-Arg)3]. Oligosarcosine conjugation inhibited the aggregation of the complexes after mixing with pDNA, shielded the positive charge of the complexes, and provided efficient pDNA transfection in cultured cells. The efficiency of the pDNA transfection was improved by varying the length of the oligosarcosine moiety (10-15 units were optimal). The cellular uptake efficiency and intracellular distribution of pDNA were the same regardless of oligosarcosine conjugation. These results implied that intracellular processes, including the decondensation of pDNA, contributed to the efficiency of the protein expression from pDNA. This study demonstrated the advantages of oligosarcosine conjugation to Arg-rich CPPs and provided valuable insight into the future design of CPPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetomo Yokoo
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Anjaneyulu Dirisala
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
- Innovation Center of Nanomedicine, Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion, 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki 210-0821, Japan
- Department of Advanced Nanomedical Engineering, Medical Research Institute, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Makoto Oba
- Medical Chemistry, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 1-5 Shimogamohangi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-0823, Japan
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2
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Yoshinaga N, Zhou JK, Xu C, Quek CH, Zhu Y, Tang D, Hung LY, Najjar SA, Shiu CYA, Margolis KG, Lao YH, Leong KW. Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Polyplexes Tailored to Oral CRISPR Delivery. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:757-764. [PMID: 36648291 PMCID: PMC10375565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.2c02306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Effective delivery of the CRISPR-Cas9 components is crucial to realizing the therapeutic potential. Although many delivery approaches have been developed for this application, oral delivery has not been explored due to the degradative nature of the gastrointestinal tract. For this issue, we developed a series of novel phenylboronic acid (PBA)-functionalized chitosan-polyethylenimine (CS-PEI) polymers for oral CRISPR delivery. PBA functionalization equipped the polyplex with higher stability, smooth transport across the mucus, and efficient endosomal escape and cytosolic unpackaging in the cells. From a library of 12 PBA-functionalized CS-PEI polyplexes, we identified a formulation that showed the most effective penetration in the intestinal mucosa after oral gavage to mice. The optimized formulation performed feasible CRISPR-mediated downregulation of the target protein and reduction in the downstream cholesterol. As the first oral CRISPR carrier, this study suggests the potential of addressing the needs of both local and systemic editing in a patient-compliant manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Joyce K Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Cong Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Chai Hoon Quek
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ding Tang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Lin Yung Hung
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Sarah A Najjar
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Chin Ying Angela Shiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York 10010, United States
| | - Yeh-Hsing Lao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14214, United States
| | - Kam W Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, United States
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, United States
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3
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Tasset A, Bellamkonda A, Wang W, Pyatnitskiy I, Ward D, Peppas N, Wang H. Overcoming barriers in non-viral gene delivery for neurological applications. NANOSCALE 2022; 14:3698-3719. [PMID: 35195645 PMCID: PMC9036591 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06939j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Gene therapy for neurological disorders has attracted significant interest as a way to reverse or stop various disease pathologies. Typical gene therapies involving the central and peripheral nervous system make use of adeno-associated viral vectors whose questionable safety and limitations in manufacturing has given rise to extensive research into non-viral vectors. While early research studies have demonstrated limited efficacy with these non-viral vectors, investigation into various vector materials and functionalization methods has provided insight into ways to optimize these non-viral vectors to improve desired characteristics such as improved blood-brain barrier transcytosis, improved perfusion in brain region, enhanced cellular uptake and endosomal escape in neural cells, and nuclear transport of genetic material post- intracellular delivery. Using a combination of various strategies to enhance non-viral vectors, research groups have designed multi-functional vectors that have been successfully used in a variety of pre-clinical applications for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, brain cancers, and cellular reprogramming for neuron replacement. While more work is needed in the design of these multi-functional non-viral vectors for neural applications, much of the groundwork has been done and is reviewed here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Tasset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Arjun Bellamkonda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Ilya Pyatnitskiy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Deidra Ward
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
| | - Nicholas Peppas
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Institute for Biomaterials, Drug Delivery, and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
- Department of Surgery and Perioperative Care, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Huiliang Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.
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4
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Gene Therapy Approach with an Emphasis on Growth Factors: Theoretical and Clinical Outcomes in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 59:191-233. [PMID: 34655056 PMCID: PMC8518903 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02555-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The etiology of many neurological diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) is unknown and still needs more effective and specific therapeutic approaches. Gene therapy has a promising future in treating neurodegenerative disorders by correcting the genetic defects or by therapeutic protein delivery and is now an attraction for neurologists to treat brain disorders, like Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, spinal muscular atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, epilepsy, Huntington’s disease, stroke, and spinal cord injury. Gene therapy allows the transgene induction, with a unique expression in cells’ substrate. This article mainly focuses on the delivering modes of genetic materials in the CNS, which includes viral and non-viral vectors and their application in gene therapy. Despite the many clinical trials conducted so far, data have shown disappointing outcomes. The efforts done to improve outcomes, efficacy, and safety in the identification of targets in various neurological disorders are also discussed here. Adapting gene therapy as a new therapeutic approach for treating neurological disorders seems to be promising, with early detection and delivery of therapy before the neuron is lost, helping a lot the development of new therapeutic options to translate to the clinic.
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5
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van den Berg AIS, Yun CO, Schiffelers RM, Hennink WE. Polymeric delivery systems for nucleic acid therapeutics: Approaching the clinic. J Control Release 2021; 331:121-141. [PMID: 33453339 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 12/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy using nucleic acids has many clinical applications for the treatment of diseases with a genetic origin as well as for the development of innovative vaccine formulations. Since nucleic acids in their free form are rapidly degraded by nucleases present in extracellular matrices, have poor pharmacokinetics and hardly pass cellular membranes, carrier systems are required. Suitable carriers that protect the nucleic acid payload against enzymatic attack, prolong circulation time after systemic administration and assist in cellular binding and internalization are needed to develop nucleic acid based drug products. Viral vectors have been investigated and are also clinically used as delivery vehicles. However, some major drawbacks are associated with their use. Therefore there has been substantial attention on the use of non-viral carrier systems based on cationic lipids and polymers. This review focuses on the properties of polymer-based nucleic acid formulations, also referred as polyplexes. Different polymeric systems are summarized, and the cellular barriers polyplexes encounter and ways to tackle these are discussed. Finally attention is given to the clinical status of non-viral nucleic acid formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette I S van den Berg
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Chae-Ok Yun
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Department of Bioengineering, College of Engineering, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Raymond M Schiffelers
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Haematology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584, CX, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Wim E Hennink
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, 3584, CG, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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6
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Advances in oligonucleotide-based detection coupled with fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Trends Analyt Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2019.115756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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7
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Ingusci S, Verlengia G, Soukupova M, Zucchini S, Simonato M. Gene Therapy Tools for Brain Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:724. [PMID: 31312139 PMCID: PMC6613496 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS) are still incompletely understood. Many of these disorders lack a cure and are seeking more specific and effective treatments. In fact, in spite of advancements in knowledge of the CNS function, the treatment of neurological disorders with modern medical and surgical approaches remains difficult for many reasons, such as the complexity of the CNS, the limited regenerative capacity of the tissue, and the difficulty in conveying conventional drugs to the organ due to the blood-brain barrier. Gene therapy, allowing the delivery of genetic materials that encodes potential therapeutic molecules, represents an attractive option. Gene therapy can result in a stable or inducible expression of transgene(s), and can allow a nearly specific expression in target cells. In this review, we will discuss the most commonly used tools for the delivery of genetic material in the CNS, including viral and non-viral vectors; their main applications; their advantages and disadvantages. We will discuss mechanisms of genetic regulation through cell-specific and inducible promoters, which allow to express gene products only in specific cells and to control their transcriptional activation. In addition, we will describe the applications to CNS diseases of post-transcriptional regulation systems (RNA interference); of systems allowing spatial or temporal control of expression [optogenetics and Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs)]; and of gene editing technologies (CRISPR/Cas9, Zinc finger proteins). Particular attention will be reserved to viral vectors derived from herpes simplex type 1, a potential tool for the delivery and expression of multiple transgene cassettes simultaneously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selene Ingusci
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Verlengia
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marie Soukupova
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silvia Zucchini
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Technopole of Ferrara, LTTA Laboratory for Advanced Therapies, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Michele Simonato
- Department of Medical Sciences and National Institute of Neuroscience, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.,Division of Neuroscience, University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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8
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9
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Cabral H, Miyata K, Osada K, Kataoka K. Block Copolymer Micelles in Nanomedicine Applications. Chem Rev 2018; 118:6844-6892. [PMID: 29957926 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.8b00199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 763] [Impact Index Per Article: 127.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Polymeric micelles are demonstrating high potential as nanomedicines capable of controlling the distribution and function of loaded bioactive agents in the body, effectively overcoming biological barriers, and various formulations are engaged in intensive preclinical and clinical testing. This Review focuses on polymeric micelles assembled through multimolecular interactions between block copolymers and the loaded drugs, proteins, or nucleic acids as translationable nanomedicines. The aspects involved in the design of successful micellar carriers are described in detail on the basis of the type of polymer/payload interaction, as well as the interplay of micelles with the biological interface, emphasizing on the chemistry and engineering of the block copolymers. By shaping these features, polymeric micelles have been propitious for delivering a wide range of therapeutics through effective sensing of targets in the body and adjustment of their properties in response to particular stimuli, modulating the activity of the loaded drugs at the targeted sites, even at the subcellular level. Finally, the future perspectives and imminent challenges for polymeric micelles as nanomedicines are discussed, anticipating to spur further innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine , Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14, Tonomachi , Kawasaki-ku , Kawasaki 210-0821 , Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute , The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo , Bunkyo-ku , Tokyo 113-0033 , Japan
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10
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Enhancing Electrotransfection Efficiency through Improvement in Nuclear Entry of Plasmid DNA. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2018; 11:263-271. [PMID: 29858061 PMCID: PMC5992438 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The nuclear envelope is a physiological barrier to electrogene transfer. To understand different mechanisms of the nuclear entry for electrotransfected plasmid DNA (pDNA), the current study investigated how manipulation of the mechanisms could affect electrotransfection efficiency (eTE), transgene expression level (EL), and cell viability. In the investigation, cells were first synchronized at G2-M phase prior to electrotransfection so that the nuclear envelope breakdown (NEBD) occurred before pDNA entered the cells. The NEBD significantly increased the eTE and the EL while the cell viability was not compromised. In the second experiment, the cells were treated with a nuclear pore dilating agent (i.e., trans-1,2-cyclohexanediol). The treatment could increase the EL, but had only minor effects on eTE. Furthermore, the treatment was more cytotoxic, compared with the cell synchronization. In the third experiment, a nuclear targeting sequence (i.e., SV40) was incorporated into the pDNA prior to electrotransfection. The incorporation was more effective than the cell synchronization for enhancing the EL, but not the eTE, and the effectiveness was cell type dependent. Taken together, the data described above suggested that synchronization of the NEBD could be a practical approach to improving electrogene transfer in all dividing cells.
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11
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Yoshinaga N, Ishii T, Naito M, Endo T, Uchida S, Cabral H, Osada K, Kataoka K. Polyplex Micelles with Phenylboronate/Gluconamide Cross-Linking in the Core Exerting Promoted Gene Transfection through Spatiotemporal Responsivity to Intracellular pH and ATP Concentration. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:18567-18575. [PMID: 29188718 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b08816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyplexes as gene delivery carriers require integrated functionalities to modulate intracellular trafficking for efficient gene transfection. Herein, we developed plasmid DNA (pDNA)-loaded polyplex micelles (PMs) from poly(ethylene glycol)-based block catiomers derivatized with 4-carboxy-3-fluorophenylboronic acid (FPBA) and d-gluconamide to form pH- and ATP-responsive cross-linking in the core. These PMs exhibited robustness in the extracellular milieu and smooth endosomal escape after cellular uptake, and they facilitated pDNA decondensation triggered by increased ATP concentration inside of the cell. Laser confocal microscopic observation revealed that FPBA installation enhanced the endosomal escapability of the PMs; presumably, this effect resulted from the facilitated endo-/lysosomal membrane disruption triggered by the released block catiomers with hydrophobic FPBA moieties in the side chain from the PM at lower pH condition of endo-/lysosomes. Furthermore, the profile of intracellular pDNA decondensation from the PMs was monitored using Förster resonance energy transfer measurement by flow cytometry; these observations confirmed that PMs optimized for ATP-responsivity exerted effective intracellular decondensation of loaded pDNA to attain promoted gene transfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoto Yoshinaga
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ishii
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Naito
- Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Taisuke Endo
- Department of Material Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Satoshi Uchida
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kensuke Osada
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM), Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion , 3-25-14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, 210-0821, Japan.,Policy Alternatives Research Institute, The University of Tokyo , 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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12
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Bor G, Mytych J, Zebrowski J, Wnuk M, Şanlı-Mohamed G. Cytotoxic and cytostatic side effects of chitosan nanoparticles as a non-viral gene carrier. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:431-437. [PMID: 27659861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Although chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) became a promising tool for several biological and medical applications owing to their inherent biocompatibility and biodegradability features, studies regarding their effects on cytotoxic and cytostatic properties still remain insufficient. Therefore, in the present study, we decided to perform comprehensive analysis of the interactions between CNs-pKindling-Red-Mito (pDNA) and different cell line models derived from blood system and human solid tissues cancers. The resulting CNs-pDNA was investigated in terms of their cellular uptake, transfection efficiency, and physico-chemical, cytotoxic and cytostatic properties. The nanoparticles showed high encapsulation efficiency and physical stability for various formulations even after two days time period. Moreover, high gene expression levels were observed after 96h of transfection. CNs-pDNA treatment, despite the absence of oxidative stress induction, caused cell cycle arrest in G0/G1 phase and as a consequence led to premature senescence which turned out to be both p21-dependent and p21-independent. Also, observed DNMT2 upregulation may suggest the activation of different pathways protecting from the results of CNs-mediated stress. In conclusion, treatment of different cell lines with CNs-pDNA showed that their biocompatibility was limited and the effects were cell type-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gizem Bor
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Jennifer Mytych
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Jacek Zebrowski
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Plant Physiology, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland
| | - Maciej Wnuk
- Centre of Applied Biotechnology and Basic Sciences, University of Rzeszow, Werynia 502, 36-100 Kolbuszowa, Poland; Department of Genetics, University of Rzeszow, Rejtana 16C, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Gülşah Şanlı-Mohamed
- Department of Chemistry, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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13
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Liang K, Bae KH, Lee F, Xu K, Chung JE, Gao SJ, Kurisawa M. Self-assembled ternary complexes stabilized with hyaluronic acid-green tea catechin conjugates for targeted gene delivery. J Control Release 2016; 226:205-16. [PMID: 26855049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanosized polyelectrolyte complexes are attractive delivery vehicles for the transfer of therapeutic genes to diseased cells. Here we report the application of self-assembled ternary complexes constructed with plasmid DNA, branched polyethylenimine and hyaluronic acid-green tea catechin conjugates for targeted gene delivery. These conjugates not only stabilize plasmid DNA/polyethylenimine complexes via the strong DNA-binding affinity of green tea catechin, but also facilitate their transport into CD44-overexpressing cells via receptor-mediated endocytosis. The hydrodynamic size, surface charge and physical stability of the complexes are characterized. We demonstrate that the stabilized ternary complexes display enhanced resistance to nuclease attack and polyanion-induced dissociation. Moreover, the ternary complexes can efficiently transfect the difficult-to-transfect HCT-116 colon cancer cell line even in serum-supplemented media due to their enhanced stability and CD44-targeting ability. Confocal microscopic analysis demonstrates that the stabilized ternary complexes are able to promote the nuclear transport of plasmid DNA more effectively than binary complexes and hyaluronic acid-coated ternary complexes. The present study suggests that the ternary complexes stabilized with hyaluronic acid-green tea catechin conjugates can be widely utilized for CD44-targeted delivery of nucleic acid-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Ki Hyun Bae
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Fan Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Keming Xu
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Joo Eun Chung
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Shu Jun Gao
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore
| | - Motoichi Kurisawa
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, 138669, Singapore.
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14
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Hu J, Wang X, Qian Y, Yu Y, Jiang Y, Zhang G, Liu S. Cytoplasmic Reactive Cationic Amphiphiles for Efficient Intracellular Delivery and Self-Reporting Smart Release. Macromolecules 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Hu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yinfeng Qian
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yongqiang Yu
- Department
of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China
| | - Yanyan Jiang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Guoying Zhang
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, iChem (Collaborative Innovation
Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials), Department of Polymer Science
and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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15
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Lächelt U, Wagner E. Nucleic Acid Therapeutics Using Polyplexes: A Journey of 50 Years (and Beyond). Chem Rev 2015; 115:11043-78. [DOI: 10.1021/cr5006793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 418] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Lächelt
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical
Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy, Ludwig Maximilians Universität, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems
Initiative
Munich (NIM), 80799 Munich, Germany
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16
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Uchida H, Itaka K, Nomoto T, Ishii T, Suma T, Ikegami M, Miyata K, Oba M, Nishiyama N, Kataoka K. Modulated Protonation of Side Chain Aminoethylene Repeats in N-Substituted Polyaspartamides Promotes mRNA Transfection. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:12396-405. [DOI: 10.1021/ja506194z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomoya Suma
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | | | | | - Makoto Oba
- Graduate
School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Nishiyama
- Polymer Chemistry
Division, Chemical Resources Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, R1-11,
4529 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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17
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Intracellular gene delivery is dependent on the type of non-viral carrier and defined by the cell surface glycosaminoglycans. J Control Release 2014; 187:59-65. [PMID: 24838099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular limiting steps and molecules involved in internalization and intracellular routing of non-viral gene delivery systems are still poorly understood. In this study, the intracellular kinetics of three different gene delivery systems calcium phosphate precipitates (CaP), polyethyleneimine (PEI) and N-[1-(2,3-dioleyl)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP)) were quantified at cellular, nuclear, transcriptional and translational levels by using qRT-PCR. Additionally, a role of cell surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) was evaluated by performing the aforementioned studies in cells devoid of GAGs (pgsB-618) and cells lacking heparan sulphate (HS). The obtained data showed that the intracellular kinetics was dependent on the type of gene carrier and the weakest intracellular step varied between the carriers; rapid elimination of cell-associated pDNA in CaP, nuclear uptake in DOTAP and transcriptional and translational events in PEI mediated transfections. Overall, neither the amount of cell- nor nuclear associated pDNA correlated with transgene expression but the mRNA expression of the transgene correlated well with the expression at protein level. The nuclear uptake of pDNA in all cases was rapid and efficient thus indicating that the post-nuclear processes including transcription and translation steps have a critical role in defining the efficiency of non-viral gene delivery systems. Our study demonstrated that cell-surface GAGs are not essential for cell surface binding and internalization of gene delivery complexes, but they are able to define the intracellular routing of the complexes by leading them to pathways with high pDNA elimination.
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18
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Boukany PE, Wu Y, Zhao X, Kwak KJ, Glazer PJ, Leong K, Lee LJ. Nonendocytic delivery of lipoplex nanoparticles into living cells using nanochannel electroporation. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:682-9. [PMID: 23996973 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2013] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The delivery of biomolecules, including siRNAs (≈21 bp) and large plasmids (≈10 kbp), into living cells holds a great promise for therapeutic and research applications. Lipoplex nanoparticles are popular nanocarriers for gene delivery. In conventional transfection methods, the cellular uptake of lipoplex nanoparticels occurs through the endocytosis process. The entrapment of lipoplex nanoparticles into endocytic vesicle is a major barrier in achieving efficient gene silencing and expression. Here, a novel nanochannel electroporation (NEP) method is employed to facilitate the cellular uptake and release of siRNAs/DNAs from lipoplexes. First, it is demonstrated that in a NEP device, lipoplex nanoparticles can be injected directly into the cell cytoplasm within several seconds. Specifically, it is found that lipoplexes containing MCL-1 siRNA delivered by NEP can more efficiently down-regulate the expression of MCL-1 mRNA in A549 cancer cells than conventional transfection. Quantum dot-mediated Förster resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) reveals that lipoplexes delivered via NEP can directly release siRNA in the cytoplasm without going through the endocytosis route, which unravels the responsible mechanism for efficient gene delivery. Furthermore, the advantage of combining NEP with lipoplex nanoparticles by the successful delivery of large plasmids (pCAG2LMKOSimO, 13 kbp) into CHO cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouyan E. Boukany
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Yun Wu
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Xi Zhao
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 140 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Kwang J. Kwak
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
| | - Piotr J. Glazer
- Department of Chemical Engineering Delft University of Technology Julianalaan 136 2628 BL Delft The Netherlands
| | - Kam Leong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Duke University 1395 CIEMAS Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - L. James Lee
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric, Biomedical Devices The Ohio State University 174 West 18 Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Bimolecular Engineering The Ohio State University 140 West 19th Avenue Columbus OH 43210 USA
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19
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Maury B, Gonçalves C, Tresset G, Zeghal M, Cheradame H, Guégan P, Pichon C, Midoux P. Influence of pDNA availability on transfection efficiency of polyplexes in non-proliferative cells. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5977-85. [PMID: 24768195 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
We succeeded in visualizing plasmid DNA (pDNA) in the nucleus and cytosol of non-proliferative cells after transfection with linear polyethylenemine (lPEI) and histidinylated lPEI (His16-lPEI). This was possible with confocal microscope by using pDNA labelled with quantum dots. Indeed pDNA labelled with Cy3 leads to false positive nuclear localization because the saturation of the fluorescence signal overestimated the volume occupied by Cy3-pDNA. Moreover, Cy3 brightness was too weak to detect low amount of pDNA. About 20 to 40 pDNA copies were detected in the nucleus after the transfection of pDNA labelled with quantum dots. Transfection efficiency and cellular imaging data suggested that the cytosolic availability of pDNA, including endosome escape and/or polyplexes dissociation, is crucial for its nuclear delivery. In vitro transcription assay and transfection of cells allowing cytosolic gene expression concluded to better cytosolic availability of pDNA within His16-lPEI polyplexes. Cryo-TEM analyses revealed that His16-lPEI polyplexes exhibited a spherical shape and an amorphous internal structure which differed from the high degree of order of lPEI polyplexes. Altogether, this comparative study indicated that the high transfection efficiency of non-proliferative cells with His16-lPEI polyplexes was related to the amorphous structure and the facilitated dissociation of the assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benoit Maury
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm et Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France.
| | - Cristine Gonçalves
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm et Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Guillaume Tresset
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Mehdi Zeghal
- Laboratoire de Physique des Solides, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Hervé Cheradame
- Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR8587 Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Guégan
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France; CNRS, UMR 8232, IPCM, Chimie des Polymères, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chantal Pichon
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm et Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France
| | - Patrick Midoux
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, CNRS UPR4301, Inserm et Université d'Orléans, 45071 Orléans cedex 02, France.
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20
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Three-layered polyplex micelle as a multifunctional nanocarrier platform for light-induced systemic gene transfer. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3545. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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21
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Ma Y, Wu C. Revisiting the complexation between DNA and polyethylenimine – when and where –S–S– linked PEI is cleaved inside the cell. J Mater Chem B 2014; 2:3282-3291. [DOI: 10.1039/c4tb00031e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Ketola TM, Hanzlíková M, Leppänen L, Raviña M, Bishop CJ, Green JJ, Urtti A, Lemmetyinen H, Yliperttula M, Vuorimaa-Laukkanen E. Independent versus cooperative binding in polyethylenimine-DNA and Poly(L-lysine)-DNA polyplexes. J Phys Chem B 2013; 117:10405-13. [PMID: 23941196 DOI: 10.1021/jp404812a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of polyethylenimine-DNA and poly(L-lysine)-DNA complex formation at pH 5.2 and 7.4 was studied by a time-resolved spectroscopic method. The formation of a polyplex core was observed to be complete at approximately N/P = 2, at which point nearly all DNA phosphate groups were bound by polymer amine groups. The data were analyzed further both by an independent binding model and by a cooperative model for multivalent ligand binding to multisubunit substrate. At pH 5.2, the polyplex formation was cooperative at all N/P ratios, whereas for pH 7.4 at N/P < 0.6 the polyplex formation followed independent binding changing to cooperative binding at higher N/Ps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia-Maaria Ketola
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology , Korkeakoulunkatu 10, 33720 Tampere, Finland
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23
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Shi J, Chou B, Choi JL, Ta AL, Pun SH. Investigation of Polyethylenimine/DNA Polyplex Transfection to Cultured Cells Using Radiolabeling and Subcellular Fractionation Methods. Mol Pharm 2013; 10:2145-56. [PMID: 23406286 DOI: 10.1021/mp300651q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative analysis of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors provides critical information that can guide the rational design of improved cationic systems for gene delivery. Subcellular fractionation methods, combined with radiolabeling, produce quantitative measurements of the intracellular trafficking of nonviral vectors and the therapeutic payload. In this work, differential and density-gradient centrifugation techniques were used to determine the intracellular distribution of radiolabeled 25 kDa branched polyethylenimine (bPEI)/plasmid DNA complexes ("polyplexes") in HeLa cells over time. By differential centrifugation, [(14)C]bPEI was found mostly in the lighter fractions whereas [(3)H]DNA was found mostly in the heavier fractions. A majority of the intracellular polymer (∼60%) and DNA (∼90%) were found in the nuclear fraction. Polymer and DNA also differed in their distribution to heavier and denser organelles (lysosomes, mitochondria) in density-gradient centrifugation studies. An unexpected finding from this study was that between 18 and 50% of the DNA applied to the cells became cell-associated (either with the cell membrane and/or internalized), while only 1-6% of the polymer did so, resulting in an effective N/P ratio of less than 1. These results suggest that a significant amount of cationic polymer is dissociated from the DNA cargo early on in the transfection process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Shi
- Department of Bioengineering and Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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24
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Ilina P, Hyvonen Z, Saura M, Sandvig K, Yliperttula M, Ruponen M. Genetic blockage of endocytic pathways reveals differences in the intracellular processing of non-viral gene delivery systems. J Control Release 2012; 163:385-95. [PMID: 23041276 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2012] [Revised: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 09/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Detailed understanding of the uptake mechanisms and intracellular processing of nonviral gene delivery systems will allow design of more effective carriers. This work gets insight into the intracellular kinetics of pDNA delivered by polyethyleneimine (PEI), cationic lipid DOTAP and calcium phosphate (CaP) precipitates. Amount of cell- and nuclear-associated pDNA was quantified by qRT-PCR at multiple time points after transfection. Moreover, the impact of specific endocytic pathways on the cell entry and intracellular kinetics of pDNA was studied by inhibition (blockage) of either clathrin- or dynamin-mediated endocytosis by using both genetically manipulated cell lines and chemical inhibitors of endocytosis. Quantitative analysis of defined kinetic parameters revealed that neither cellular nor nuclear uptake of pDNA correlated with transgene expression, emphasizing the importance of the post-nuclear processes in overall transfection efficacy. Changes in transgene expression observed upon blockage of endocytosis was carrier dependent and correlated relatively well with the changes at the cellular and nuclear uptake levels but not with the amount of cell-associated pDNA. Due to low specificity of chemical inhibitors and activation of alternative endocytosis pathways after genetic blockage of endocytosis neither of these methods is optimal for studying the role of endocytosis. Therefore, one should be careful when interpreting the obtained results from such studies and not to trust the data obtained only from one method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Ilina
- Division of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, P.O. Box 56, FI-00014, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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25
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Vatansever F, Chandran R, Sadasivam M, Chiang LY, Hamblin MR. Multi-Functionality in Theranostic Nanoparticles: is more Always Better? JOURNAL OF NANOMEDICINE & NANOTECHNOLOGY 2012; 3:120. [PMID: 23565346 PMCID: PMC3615455 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7439.1000e120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Vatansever
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Rakkiyappan Chandran
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Magesh Sadasivam
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Amity Institute of Nanotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Long Y Chiang
- Department of Chemistry, Institute of Nanoscience and Engineering Technology, University of Massachusetts, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Michael R. Hamblin
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, 40 Blossom St., Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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26
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Prevette LE, Nikolova EN, Al-Hashimi HM, Banaszak Holl MM. Intrinsic dynamics of DNA-polymer complexes: a mechanism for DNA release. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2743-9. [PMID: 22823140 DOI: 10.1021/mp3002864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The transfer of genetic material into cells using nonviral vectors offers unique potential for therapeutics; however, the efficacy of delivery depends upon a poorly understood, multistep pathway, limiting the prospects for successful gene delivery. Mechanistic insight into DNA association and release has been hampered by a lack of atomic resolution structural and dynamic information for DNA-polymer complexes (polyplexes). Here, we report a dendrimer-based polyplex system containing poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG) arms that is suitable for atomic-level characterization by solution NMR spectroscopy. NMR chemical shift, line width, and proton transverse relaxation rate measurements reveal that free and dendrimer-bound polyplex DNA exchange rapidly relative to the NMR time scale (<millisecond). The dendrimers retain a high degree of mobility in the polyplex, whereas the DNA shows restrained mobility, suggesting that the polyplex is a highly dynamic complex with a rapidly exchanging dendrimer atmosphere around a more rigid DNA framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa E Prevette
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 911 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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27
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Gandhi M, Evdokimova V, Nikiforov YE. Frequency of close positioning of chromosomal loci detected by FRET correlates with their participation in carcinogenic rearrangements in human cells. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2012; 51:1037-44. [PMID: 22887574 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.21988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been well established that genes participating in oncogenic rearrangements are non-randomly positioned and frequently close to each other in human cell nuclei. However, the actual distance between these fusion partners has never been determined. The phenomenon of fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is observed when a donor fluorophore is close (<10 nm) to transfer some of it energy to an acceptor fluorophore. The aim of this study was to validate the use of FRET on directly labeled DNA molecules to assess the frequency of positioning at <10 nm distances between genes known to be involved in rearrangement and to correlate it with their probability to undergo rearrangement. In the validation experiments, the frequency of FRET-sensitized emission (SE) was found to be 93-96% between probes for the immediately adjacent chromosomal regions as compared to 0.1-0.2% between probes for the random loci located on large linear separation. Further, we found that the frequency of FRET-SE between four pairs of genes that form rearrangements in thyroid cancer was 5% for RET and CCDC6, 4% for RET and NCOA4, 2% for BRAF and AKAP9, and 2% for NTRK1 and TPR. Moreover, the frequency with which FRET was observed showed strong correlation (r = 0.9871) with the prevalence of respective rearrangements in thyroid cancer. Our findings demonstrate that FRET can be used as a technique to analyze proximity between specific DNA regions and that the frequency of gene positioning at distances allowing FRET correlates with their probability to undergo chromosomal rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manoj Gandhi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
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28
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Hyvönen Z, Hämäläinen V, Ruponen M, Lucas B, Rejman J, Vercauteren D, Demeester J, De Smedt S, Braeckmans K. Elucidating the pre- and post-nuclear intracellular processing of 1,4-dihydropyridine based gene delivery carriers. J Control Release 2012; 162:167-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2012.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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29
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Furukawa R, Yamada Y, Matsushima Y, Goto YI, Harashima H. The manner in which DNA is packaged with TFAM has an impact on transcription activation and inhibition. FEBS Open Bio 2012; 2:145-50. [PMID: 23650593 PMCID: PMC3642137 DOI: 10.1016/j.fob.2012.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For successful mitochondrial transgene expression, an optimal packaging exogenous DNA is an important issue. We report herein on the effects of DNA packaged with mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM), which packages mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), on the transcription process. Our initial findings indicated that the transcription of the TFAM/DNA complex was activated, when the complex was formed at an optimal ratio. We also found that TFAM has a significant advantage over protamine, a nuclear DNA packaging protein, from the viewpoint of transcription efficiency. This result indicates that TFAM can be useful packaging protein for exogenous DNA to achieve mitochondrial transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular Design of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-12, Nishi-6, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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30
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Khalil IA, Hayashi Y, Mizuno R, Harashima H. Octaarginine- and pH sensitive fusogenic peptide-modified nanoparticles for liver gene delivery. J Control Release 2011; 156:374-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2011.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 08/07/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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31
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Shaheen SM, Akita H, Nakamura T, Takayama S, Futaki S, Yamashita A, Katoono R, Yui N, Harashima H. KALA-modified multi-layered nanoparticles as gene carriers for MHC class-I mediated antigen presentation for a DNA vaccine. Biomaterials 2011; 32:6342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 05/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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32
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Abstract
Employing theranostic nanoparticles, which combine both therapeutic and diagnostic capabilities in one dose, has promise to propel the biomedical field toward personalized medicine. This review presents an overview of different theranostic strategies developed for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, with an emphasis on cancer. Herein, therapeutic strategies such as nucleic acid delivery, chemotherapy, hyperthermia (photothermal ablation), photodynamic, and radiation therapy are combined with one or more imaging functionalities for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Different imaging probes, such as MRI contrast agents (T(1) and T(2) agents), fluorescent markers (organic dyes and inorganic quantum dots), and nuclear imaging agents (PET/SPECT agents), can be decorated onto therapeutic agents or therapeutic delivery vehicles in order to facilitate their imaging and, in so doing, gain information about the trafficking pathway, kinetics of delivery, and therapeutic efficacy; several such strategies are outlined. The creative approaches being developed for these classes of therapies and imaging modalities are discussed, and the recent developments in this field along with examples of technologies that hold promise for the future of cancer medicine are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha S Kelkar
- Department of Chemistry and Macromolecular and Interfaces Institute Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, United States
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33
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Mann A, Thakur G, Shukla V, Singh AK, Khanduri R, Naik R, Jiang Y, Kalra N, Dwarakanath BS, Langel U, Ganguli M. Differences in DNA Condensation and Release by Lysine and Arginine Homopeptides Govern Their DNA Delivery Efficiencies. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1729-41. [DOI: 10.1021/mp2000814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anita Mann
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Garima Thakur
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Vasundhara Shukla
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Anand Kamal Singh
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Richa Khanduri
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Rangeetha Naik
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Namita Kalra
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - B. S. Dwarakanath
- Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences (DRDO), Ministry of Defence, Government of India, Timarpur, Lucknow Road, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Ulo Langel
- Department of Neurochemistry, University of Stockholm, S-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Munia Ganguli
- Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi 110007, India
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34
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Wu Y, Ho YP, Mao Y, Wang X, Yu B, Leong KW, Lee LJ. Uptake and intracellular fate of multifunctional nanoparticles: a comparison between lipoplexes and polyplexes via quantum dot mediated Förster resonance energy transfer. Mol Pharm 2011; 8:1662-8. [PMID: 21740056 DOI: 10.1021/mp100466m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipoplexes and polyplexes represent the two major nanocarrier systems for nucleic acid delivery. Previous studies examining their uptake and intracellular unpacking rely on organic fluorophores fraught with low signal intensity and photobleaching. In this work quantum dot mediated Förster resonance energy transfer (QD-FRET) was first used to study and compare the cellular uptake and the intracellular fate of oligodeoxynucelotide (ODN)-based lipoplexes and polyplexes. QD605-amine and Cy5-labeled ODN (Cy5-GTI2040) were chosen as the FRET pair. By adjusting the lipid/ODN ratio of lipoplexes and the nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) ratio of polyplexes, lipoplexes and polyplexes with comparable physical properties were produced. The biological activities of dual-labeled lipoplexes and polyplexes remained unaltered compared to their unlabeled counterparts as evidenced by their comparable antisense activities against protein R2 in KB cells. Flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed similar pattern of uptake for these two types of nanoparticles, although polyplexes had a higher dissociation rate than lipoplexes in KB cells. We demonstrate that QD-FRET is a sensitive tool to study the uptake and intracellular unpacking of lipoplexes and polyplexes, which may help optimize their formulations for various theranostics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wu
- Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices, The Ohio State University, 174 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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Ketola TM, Hanzlíková M, Urtti A, Lemmetyinen H, Yliperttula M, Vuorimaa E. Role of polyplex intermediate species on gene transfer efficiency: polyethylenimine-DNA complexes and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. J Phys Chem B 2011; 115:1895-902. [PMID: 21291220 DOI: 10.1021/jp109984c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyethylenimine (PEI) is a cationic DNA condensing polymer that facilitates gene transfer into the mammalian cells. The highest gene transfer with branched PEI is obtained at high nitrogen/phosphate (N/P) ratios with free PEI present. The small molecular weight PEI alone is not able to mediate DNA transfection. Here, we used recently developed time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopic method to study the mechanism of PEI-DNA complex formation and to investigate how free PEI, mean molecular weight, and branching of PEI affect the complexes. Analysis of fluorescence lifetimes and time-resolved spectra revealed that for both linear and branched high-molecular-weight PEI the complexation takes place in two steps, but the small-molecular-weight branched PEI complexed DNA at a single step. According to the binding constants obtained from time-resolved spectroscopic measurements, the affinity of N/P complexation per nitrogen atom is highest for LPEI and weakest for BPEI, whereas SPEI-DNA complexation showed intermediate values. Thus, the binding constant alone does not give adequate measure for transfection efficiency. On the other hand, the presence of intermediate states during the polyplex formation seems to be favorable for the gene transfection. Free PEI had no impact on the physical state of PEI-DNA complexes, even though it was essential for gene transfection in the cell culture. In conclusion, the molecular size and topology of PEI have direct influence on the DNA complexation but the free PEI does not. Free PEI must facilitate transfection at the cellular level and not via indirect effects on the PEI-DNA complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiia-Maaria Ketola
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Tampere University of Technology, Tampere, Finland
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Pérez-Martínez FC, Guerra J, Posadas I, Ceña V. Barriers to non-viral vector-mediated gene delivery in the nervous system. Pharm Res 2011; 28:1843-58. [PMID: 21225319 PMCID: PMC3130907 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-010-0364-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Efficient methods for cell line transfection are well described, but, for primary neurons, a high-yield method different from those relying on viral vectors is lacking. Viral transfection has several drawbacks, such as the complexity of vector preparation, safety concerns, and the generation of immune and inflammatory responses when used in vivo. However, one of the main problems for the use of non-viral gene vectors for neuronal transfection is their low efficiency when compared with viral vectors. Transgene expression, or siRNA delivery mediated by non-viral vectors, is the result of multiple processes related to cellular membrane crossing, intracellular traffic, and/or nuclear delivery of the genetic material cargo. This review will deal with the barriers that different nanoparticles (cationic lipids, polyethyleneimine, dendrimers and carbon nanotubes) must overcome to efficiently deliver their cargo to central nervous system cells, including internalization into the neurons, interaction with intracellular organelles such as lysosomes, and transport across the nuclear membrane of the neuron in the case of DNA transfection. Furthermore, when used in vivo, the nanoparticles should efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier to reach the target cells in the brain.
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Functional Polymer Conjugates for Medicinal Nucleic Acid Delivery. POLYMERS IN NANOMEDICINE 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2011_148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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38
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Intracellular FRET analysis of lipid/DNA complexes using flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging techniques. J Control Release 2010; 145:289-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2010.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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39
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Chemical vectors for gene delivery: uptake and intracellular trafficking. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2010; 21:640-5. [PMID: 20674331 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2010.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemical vectors for non-viral gene delivery are based on engineered DNA nanoparticles produced with various range of macromolecules suitable to mimic some viral functions required for gene transfer. Many efforts have been undertaken these past years to identify cellular barriers that have to be passed for this issue. Here, we summarize the current status of knowledge on the uptake mechanism of DNA nanoparticles made with polymers and liposomes, their endosomal escape, cytosolic diffusion, and nuclear import of pDNA. Studies reported these past years regarding pDNA nanoparticles endocytosis indicated that there is no clear evident relationship between the ways of entry and the transfection efficiency. By contrast, the sequestration of pDNA in intracellular vesicles and the low number of pDNA close to the nuclear envelop are identified as the major intracellular barriers. So, intensive investigations to increase the cytosolic delivery of pDNA and its migration toward nuclear pores make sense to bring the transfection efficiency closer to that of viruses.
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Edinger D, Wagner E. Bioresponsive polymers for the delivery of therapeutic nucleic acids. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 3:33-46. [DOI: 10.1002/wnan.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Edinger
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Ernst Wagner
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, LMU University, Butenandtstrasse 5‐13, D‐81377 Munich, Germany
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Glover DJ, Leyton DL, Moseley GW, Jans DA. The efficiency of nuclear plasmid DNA delivery is a critical determinant of transgene expression at the single cell level. J Gene Med 2010; 12:77-85. [DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Ruthardt N, Bräuchle C. Visualizing uptake and intracellular trafficking of gene carriers by single-particle tracking. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2010; 296:283-304. [PMID: 21504106 DOI: 10.1007/128_2010_66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Single-particle microscopy und live-cell single-particle tracking are powerful tools to follow the cellular internalization pathway of individual nanoparticles such as viruses and gene carriers and investigate their interaction with living cells. Those single-cell and single-particle methods can elucidate the "black box" between application of the gene carrier to the cell and the final gene expression and allow the essential bottlenecks to be identified in great detail on the cellular level. In this review we will give a short introduction into single-particle tracking microscopy and present an overview of the mechanisms of DNA delivery from attachment to the cell membrane over internalization towards nuclear entry unraveled by single-particle methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ruthardt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitait Miinchen, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 München, Germany.
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