The alkylation of isatin-derived oximes: Spectroscopic and X-ray crystallographic structural characterization of oxime and nitrone products

Understanding OxymaPure as a Peptide Coupling Additive: A Guide to New Oxyma Derivatives

An in silico study, using the GALAS algorithm available in ACD/PhysChem Suite, was performed to calculate the pK _a(s) of various oximes with potential application as peptide coupling additives. Among the known oximes and predicted structures, OxymaPure is superior based on the pK _a values calculated, confirming the results described in the literature and validating this algorithm for further use in that field. Among the nondescribed oximes, based on pK _a calculation, ethyl 2-(hydroxyimino)-2-nitroacetate seems to be a potential candidate to be used as an additive during peptide coupling.

Copper-Catalyzed Selective N-Vinylation of 3-(Hydroxyimino)indolin-2-ones with Alkenyl Boronic Acids: Synthesis of N-Vinyl Nitrones and Spirooxindoles

A copper-catalyzed selective cross-coupling reaction of 3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-ones with alkenyl boronic acids to access (E)-N-vinyl oxindole nitrones has been achieved under mild conditions. The studies showed that catalytic copper salt selectively gave mono N-vinylation products, while 2.0 equiv of copper salt provided double N-vinylation products. The control experiments revealed that the carbonyl group in 3-(hydroxyimino)indolin-2-one played important roles on N-vinylation. Furthermore, the prepared N-vinyl oxindole nitrones could be converted to spirooxindoles in good yields under thermal conditions.

Metal-free synthesis of isatin oximes via radical coupling reactions of oxindoles with t-BuONO in water

A metal-free method for the synthesis of isatin oximes was developed through the radical coupling reactions of oxindoles with t-BuONO.

Oximes in the Isoxazolone, Pyrazolone, and 1,2,3-Triazolone Series: Experimental and Computational Investigation of Energies and Structures of E/Z Isomers of α-Oxo-Oximes in the Gas Phase and in Solution

The structures of a series of heterocyclic α-oxo-oximes, viz. 4-oximinoisoxazolone-5(4H)-ones 1 and 2,4-oximino-5(4H)-pyrazolones 3–5, and 4-oximino-1-phenyl-1,2,3-triazol-5(4H)-one 6, were investigated experimentally and computationally. Whereas the intramolecularly H-bonded ZZ isomers of these oximes are usually the most stable in the gas phase, this preference is overcome by intermolecular H-bonding to a solvent or another molecule. For 1,3-dimethyl-4-oximino-5(4H)-pyrazolone 3b a turnaround is seen when going from the solid (predominantly Z isomer) to DMSO solution (predominantly E isomer), which can be ascribed to an intermolecular H-bond between the oxime OH function and a DMSO molecule. Such isomerization is not seen in CDCl3, where intermolecular H-bonding is unimportant. The Z/E-isomerization in DMSO solution is accelerated by photolysis. Calculations of the energies of different conformers, and of 13C NMR data at the GIAO-ωb97xD/6-31G(d)//M06-2X/6-311++G(d,p) level permit a clear-cut correlation of conformer structures with observed 13C NMR spectra.

An umpolung approach toward N-aryl nitrone construction: a phosphine-mediated addition of 1,2-dicarbonyls to nitroso electrophiles

An umpolung strategy toward the chemoselective construction ofN-aryl nitrones employing a phosphine-mediated addition of 1,2-dicarbonyls to nitroso arenes is described.

15N chemical shifts of a series of isatin oxime ethers and their corresponding nitrone isomers

In this article, we describe the characteristic (15)N chemical shifts of isatin oxime ethers and their isomer nitrone. These oxime ethers and nitrones are the alkylation reaction products of isatin oximes. In our study, the (15)N chemical shifts observed in these oxime ethers were in the 402-408 (or 22-28) ppm range, although those for their corresponding nitrone series were in the 280-320 (or -100 to -60) ppm range. This remarkable difference in (15)N NMR chemical shift values could potentially be used to determine the O- versus N-alkylation of oximes, even when only one isomer is available. In this paper, the differences in (15)N NMR chemical shifts serve as the basis for a discussion about how to distinguish both regioisomers derived from the oximes alkylation.

Respiratory syncytial virus fusion inhibitors. Part 7: structure-activity relationships associated with a series of isatin oximes that demonstrate antiviral activity in vivo

A series of bezimidazole-isatin oximes were prepared and profiled as inhibitors of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) replication in cell culture. Structure-activity relationship studies were directed toward optimization of antiviral activity, cell permeability and metabolic stability in human liver micorosomes (HLM). Parallel combinatorial synthetic chemistry was employed to functionalize isatin oximes via O-alkylation which quickly identified a subset of small, lipophilic substituents that established good potency for the series. Further optimization of the isatin oxime derivatives focused on introduction of nitrogen atoms to the isatin phenyl ring to provide a series of aza-isatin oximes with significantly improved PK properties. Several aza-isatin oximes analogs displayed targeted metabolic stability in HLM and permeability across a confluent monolayer of CaCo-2 cells. These studies identified several compounds, including 18i, 18j and 18n that demonstrated antiviral activity in the BALB/c mouse model of RSV infection following oral dosing.