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Sawant H, Selvaraj R, Manogaran P, Borthakur A. Intestinal Epithelial Creatine Transporter SLC6A8 Dysregulation in Inflammation and in Response to Adherent Invasive E. coli Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6537. [PMID: 38928243 PMCID: PMC11204174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Creatine transporter (CrT1) mediates cellular uptake of creatine (Cr), a nutrient pivotal in maintaining energy homeostasis in various tissues including intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). The impact of CrT1 deficiency on the pathogenesis of various psychiatric and neurological disorders has been extensively investigated. However, there are no studies on its regulation in IECs in health and disease. Current studies have determined differential expression of CrT1 along the length of the mammalian intestine and its dysregulation in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)-associated inflammation and Adherent Invasive E. coli (AIEC) infection. CrT1 mRNA and protein levels in normal intestines and their alterations in inflammation and following AIEC infection were determined in vitro in model IECs (Caco-2/IEC-6) and in vivo in SAMP1/YitFc mice, a model of spontaneous ileitis resembling human IBD. CrT1 is differentially expressed in different regions of mammalian intestines with its highest expression in jejunum. In vitro, CrT1 function (Na+-dependent 14C-Cr uptake), expression and promoter activity significantly decreased following TNFα/IL1β treatments and AIEC infection. SAMP1 mice and ileal organoids generated from SAMP1 mice also showed decreased CrT1 mRNA and protein compared to AKR controls. Our studies suggest that Cr deficiency in IECs secondary to CrT1 dysregulation could be a key factor contributing to IBD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alip Borthakur
- Department of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, WV 25701, USA; (H.S.); (R.S.); (P.M.)
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2
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Fernandes-Pires G, Azevedo MD, Lanzillo M, Roux-Petronelli C, Binz PA, Cudalbu C, Sandi C, Tenenbaum L, Braissant O. Rescue of myocytes and locomotion through AAV2/9-2YF intracisternal gene therapy in a rat model of creatine transporter deficiency. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2024; 32:101251. [PMID: 38745894 PMCID: PMC11091509 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2024.101251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
Creatine deficiency syndromes (CDS), caused by mutations in GATM (AGAT), GAMT, and SLC6A8, mainly affect the central nervous system (CNS). CDS show brain creatine (Cr) deficiency, intellectual disability with severe speech delay, behavioral troubles, epilepsy, and motor dysfunction. AGAT/GAMT-deficient patients lack brain Cr synthesis but express the Cr transporter SLC6A8 at the blood-brain barrier and are thus treatable by oral supplementation of Cr. In contrast, no satisfactory treatment has been identified for Cr transporter deficiency (CTD), the most frequent of CDS. We used our Slc6a8Y389C CTD rat model to develop a new AAV2/9-2YF-driven gene therapy re-establishing the functional Slc6a8 transporter in rat CNS. We show, after intra-cisterna magna AAV2/9-2YF-Slc6a8-FLAG vector injection of postnatal day 11 pups, the transduction of Slc6a8-FLAG in cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and spinal cord as well as a partial recovery of Cr in these brain regions, together with full prevention of locomotion defaults and impairment of myocyte development observed in Slc6a8Y389 C/y male rats. While more work is needed to correct those CTD phenotypes more associated with forebrain structures, this study is the first demonstrating positive effects of an AAV-driven gene therapy on CTD and thus represents a very encouraging approach to treat the so-far untreatable CTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Fernandes-Pires
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marcelo Duarte Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marc Lanzillo
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Clothilde Roux-Petronelli
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Binz
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Cristina Cudalbu
- Centre d'Imagerie Biomedicale (CIBM), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Animal Imaging and Technology, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Tenenbaum
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies, Clinical Neurosciences Department, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Olivier Braissant
- Service of Clinical Chemistry, University of Lausanne and Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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3
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Swanson MA, Jiang H, Busquet N, Carlsen J, Brindley C, Benke TA, Van Hove RA, Friederich MW, MacLean KN, Mesches MH, Van Hove JLK. Deep postnatal phenotyping of a new mouse model of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024. [PMID: 38840294 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia due to deficient glycine cleavage enzyme activity causes a severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Current therapies based on mitigating glycine excess have only limited impact. An animal model with postnatal phenotyping is needed to explore new therapeutic approaches. We developed a Gldc p.Ala394Val mutant model and bred it to congenic status in two colonies on C57Bl/6J (B6) and J129X1/SvJ (J129) backgrounds. Mutant mice had reduced P-protein and enzyme activity indicating a hypomorphic mutant. Glycine levels were increased in blood and brain regions, exacerbated by dietary glycine, with higher levels in female than male J129 mice. Birth defects were more prevalent in mutant B6 than J129 mice, and hydrocephalus was more frequent in B6 (40%) compared to J129 (none). The hydrocephalus rate was increased by postnatal glycine challenge in B6 mice, more so when delivered from the first neonatal week than from the fourth. Mutant mice had reduced weight gain following weaning until the eighth postnatal week, which was exacerbated by glycine loading. The electrographic spike rate was increased in mutant mice following glycine loading, but no seizures were observed. The alpha/delta band intensity ratio was decreased in the left cortex in female J129 mice, which were less active in an open field test and explored less in a Y-maze, suggesting an encephalopathic effect. Mutant mice showed no evidence of memory dysfunction. This partial recapitulation of human symptoms and biochemistry will facilitate the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches with an early postnatal time window likely most effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Swanson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Hua Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Nicolas Busquet
- NeuroTechnology Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jessica Carlsen
- NeuroTechnology Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Connie Brindley
- NeuroTechnology Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Tim A Benke
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Roxanne A Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Marisa W Friederich
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kenneth N MacLean
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael H Mesches
- NeuroTechnology Center, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Johan L K Van Hove
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Clinical Genetics and Metabolism, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
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4
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Broca-Brisson L, Disdier C, Harati R, Hamoudi R, Mabondzo A. Epigenetic alterations in creatine transporter deficiency: a new marker for dodecyl creatine ester therapeutic efficacy monitoring. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1362497. [PMID: 38694899 PMCID: PMC11062253 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1362497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the Slc6a8 gene. The impaired creatine uptake in the brain leads to developmental delays with intellectual disability. We hypothesized that deficient creatine uptake in CTD cerebral cells impact methylation balance leading to alterations of genes and proteins expression by epigenetic mechanism. In this study, we determined the status of nucleic acid methylation in both Slc6a8 knockout mouse model and brain organoids derived from CTD patients' cells. We also investigated the effect of dodecyl creatine ester (DCE), a promising prodrug that increases brain creatine content in the mouse model of CTD. The level of nucleic acid methylation was significantly reduced compared to healthy controls in both in vivo and in vitro CTD models. This hypo-methylation tended to be regulated by DCE treatment in vivo. These results suggest that increased brain creatine after DCE treatment restores normal levels of DNA methylation, unveiling the potential of using DNA methylation as a marker to monitor the drug efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Broca-Brisson
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Clémence Disdier
- Ceres Brain Therapeutics, ICM-Hôpital Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Excellence of Precision Medicine, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirtes
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- Center of Excellence of Precision Medicine, Research Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
- BIMAI-Lab, Biomedically Informed Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, CEA, INRAE, SPI, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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5
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Balestrino M, Adriano E, Alì PA, Pardini M. Selective Alteration of the Left Arcuate Fasciculus in Two Patients Affected by Creatine Transporter Deficiency. Brain Sci 2024; 14:337. [PMID: 38671990 PMCID: PMC11048612 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: In hereditary creatine transporter deficiency (CTD), there is an absence of creatine in the brain and neurological symptoms are present, including severe language impairment. However, the pathological changes caused by creatine deficiency that generate neuropsychological symptoms have been poorly studied. (2) Aims: To investigate if the language impairment in CTD is underpinned by possible pathological changes. (3) Methods: We used MRI tractography to investigate the trophism of the left arcuate fasciculus, a white matter bundle connecting Wernicke's and Broca's language areas that is specifically relevant for language establishment and maintenance, in two patients (28 and 18 y.o.). (4) Results: The T1 and T2 MRI imaging results were unremarkable, but the left arcuate fasciculus showed a marked decrease in mean fractional anisotropy (FA) compared to healthy controls. In contrast, the FA values in the corticospinal tract were similar to those of healthy controls. Although white matter atrophy has been reported in CTD, this is the first report to show a selective abnormality of the language-relevant arcuate fasciculus, suggesting a possible region-specific impact of creatine deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Balestrino
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (P.A.A.); (M.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Enrico Adriano
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (P.A.A.); (M.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Paolo Alessandro Alì
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (P.A.A.); (M.P.)
| | - Matteo Pardini
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Sciences (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy; (E.A.); (P.A.A.); (M.P.)
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, 16132 Genoa, Italy
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6
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Swanson MA, Jiang H, Busquet N, Carlsen J, Brindley C, Benke TA, Van Hove RA, Friederich MW, MacLean KN, Mesches MH, Van Hove JLK. Deep postnatal phenotyping of a new mouse model of nonketotic hyperglycinemia. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.26.586818. [PMID: 38586005 PMCID: PMC10996592 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.26.586818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Nonketotic hyperglycinemia due to deficient glycine cleavage enzyme activity causes a severe neonatal epileptic encephalopathy. Current therapies based on mitigating glycine excess have only limited impact. An animal model with postnatal phenotyping is needed to explore new therapeutic approaches. We developed a Gldc p.Ala394Val mutant model and bred it to congenic status in 2 colonies on C57Bl/6J (B6) and J129X1/SvJ (J129) backgrounds. Mutant mice had reduced P-protein and enzyme activity indicating a hypomorphic mutant. Glycine levels were increased in blood and brain regions, exacerbated by dietary glycine, with higher levels in female than male J129 mice. Birth defects were more prevalent in mutant B6 than J129 mice, and hydrocephalus was more frequent in B6 (40%) compared to J129 (none). The hydrocephalus rate was increased by postnatal glycine challenge in B6 mice, more so when delivered from the first neonatal week than from the fourth. Mutant mice had reduced weight gain following weaning until the eighth postnatal week, which was exacerbated by glycine loading. The electrographic spike rate was increased in mutant mice following glycine loading, but no seizures were observed. The alpha/delta band intensity ratio was decreased in the left cortex in female J129 mice, which were less active in an open field test and explored less in a Y-maze, suggesting an encephalopathic effect. Mutant mice showed no evidence of memory dysfunction. This partial recapitulation of human symptoms and biochemistry will facilitate the evaluation of new therapeutic approaches with an early postnatal time window likely most effective. Take home message A mouse model of nonketotic hyperglycinemia is described that shows postnatal abnormalities in glycine levels, neural tube defects, body weight, electroencephalographic recordings, and in activity in young mice making it amenable for the evaluation of novel treatment interventions. Author contributions Study concept and design: JVH, MHM, NB, KNMAnimal study data: MAS, HJ, NB, MHM, JC, CBBiochemical and genetic studies: MAS, RAVH, MWFStatistical analysis: NB, JVHFirst draft writing: JVH, NB, MHMCritical rewriting: MAS, NB, MHM, TAB, JC, MWF, KNM, JVHFinal responsibility, guarantor, and communicating author: JVH. Competing interest statement The University of Colorado (JVH, MS, KNM, HJ) has the intention to file Intellectual property protection for certain biochemical treatments of NKH. Otherwise, the authors have stated that they had no interests that might be perceived as posing a conflict or bias to this subject matter. Funding support Financial support is acknowledged form the NKH Crusaders, Brodyn's Friends, Nora Jane Almany Foundation, the Dickens Family Foundation, the Lucas John Foundation, Les Petits Bourdons, Joseph's Fund, the Barnett Family, Maud & Vic Foundation, Lucy's BEElievers fund, Hope for NKH, Madi's Mission NKH fund, and from Dr. and Ms. Shaw, and the University of Colorado Foundation NKH research fund. The study was supported by a grant (CNS-X-19-103) from the University of Colorado School of Medicine and the Colorado Clinical Translational Science Institute, which is supported by NIH/NCATS Colorado CTSA Grant Number UL1 TR002535. Contents are the authors' sole responsibility and do not necessarily represent official NIH views. All funding sources had no role in the design or execution of the study, the interpretation of data, or the writing of the study. Ethics approval on Laboratory Animal Studies Mouse studies were carried out with approval from the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of the University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (IACUC# 00413). Data sharing statement The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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7
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Broca-Brisson L, Harati R, Disdier C, Mozner O, Gaston-Breton R, Maïza A, Costa N, Guyot AC, Sarkadi B, Apati A, Skelton MR, Madrange L, Yates F, Armengaud J, Hamoudi R, Mabondzo A. Deciphering neuronal deficit and protein profile changes in human brain organoids from patients with creatine transporter deficiency. eLife 2023; 12:RP88459. [PMID: 37830910 PMCID: PMC10575631 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) is an X-linked disease caused by mutations in the SLC6A8 gene. The impaired creatine uptake in the brain results in intellectual disability, behavioral disorders, language delay, and seizures. In this work, we generated human brain organoids from induced pluripotent stem cells of healthy subjects and CTD patients. Brain organoids from CTD donors had reduced creatine uptake compared with those from healthy donors. The expression of neural progenitor cell markers SOX2 and PAX6 was reduced in CTD-derived organoids, while GSK3β, a key regulator of neurogenesis, was up-regulated. Shotgun proteomics combined with integrative bioinformatic and statistical analysis identified changes in the abundance of proteins associated with intellectual disability, epilepsy, and autism. Re-establishment of the expression of a functional SLC6A8 in CTD-derived organoids restored creatine uptake and normalized the expression of SOX2, GSK3β, and other key proteins associated with clinical features of CTD patients. Our brain organoid model opens new avenues for further characterizing the CTD pathophysiology and supports the concept that reinstating creatine levels in patients with CTD could result in therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Broca-Brisson
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | - Orsolya Mozner
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, and Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Romane Gaston-Breton
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Auriane Maïza
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Narciso Costa
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Anne-Cécile Guyot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
| | - Balazs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, and Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Agota Apati
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, ELKH, and Doctoral School of Molecular Medicine, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Matthew R Skelton
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Research FoundationCincinnatiUnited States
| | - Lucie Madrange
- SupBiotech/Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris SaclayParisFrance
| | - Frank Yates
- SupBiotech/Service d'Etude des Prions et des Infections Atypiques (SEPIA), Institut François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris SaclayParisFrance
| | - Jean Armengaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SPIBagnols-sur-CèzeFrance
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Clinical Sciences Department, College of Medicine, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- ASPIRE Precision Medicine Research Institute Abu Dhabi, University of SharjahSharjahUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Aloïse Mabondzo
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la SantéGif sur YvetteFrance
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8
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Li J, Xu S. Diagnosis and Treatment of X-Linked Creatine Transporter Deficiency: Case Report and Literature Review. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1382. [PMID: 37891751 PMCID: PMC10605349 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: X-linked creatine transporter deficiency (CTD) (OMIM 300036) is a rare group of inherited metabolic disorders characterized by global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID), seizures, autistic behavior, and movement disorders. Pathogenic variants in the SLC6A8 gene, located at Xq28, are causative of the disease, leading to impaired creatine transport into the brain. Supplementation with creatine and its precursors, glycine and arginine, has been attempted, yet the treatment efficacy remains controversial. (2) Methods: Here we report a de novo SLC6A8 variant in a boy aged 3 years 9 months presenting with GDD, autistic behavior, and epilepsy. Elevated urinary creatine/creatinine ratio and diminished creatine peak on brain MR spectroscopy suggested the diagnosis of CTD. Genetic sequencing revealed a de novo hemizygous frameshift variant (NM_005629: c.1136_1137del, p. Glu379ValfsTer85). Creatine supplementation therapy was initiated after definitive diagnosis. Electroencephalography and MR spectroscopy were monitored during follow-up in concurrence with neuropsychological evaluations. The clinical phenotype and treatment response of CTD were summarized by systematic view of the literature. (3) Results: In silico analysis showed this variant to be deleterious, probably interfering with substrate binding and conformational changes during creatine transport. Creatine supplementation therapy led to seizure cessation and modest cognitive improvement after half-year's treatment. (4) Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of MR spectroscopy and metabolic screening in males with GDD/ID, allowing for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention. Mechanistic understanding and case-per-se analysis are required to enable precision treatment for the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sanqing Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
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9
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Chen K, Hu X. Intranasal creatine administration increases brain creatine level and improves Barnes maze performance in rats. Brain Res Bull 2023; 201:110703. [PMID: 37429386 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2023.110703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
While skeletal muscle creatine levels can be enhanced by exogenous creatine supplementation, the elevation of brain creatine levels with oral creatine administration remains a challenge due to a lack of effective transportation of creatine through the blood-brain barrier. Intranasal administration can bypass the blood-brain barrier and deliver drugs directly to the brain. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of intranasal administration of creatine on brain creatine level and cognitive performance. Rats were randomly assigned into three groups intranasal administration group, oral administration group, and control group. The intranasal group exhibited fewer errors and shorter primary latency compared to the control and oral groups, respectively, during the acquisition phase of the Barnes maze. The intranasal group spent a higher percentage of time in the target quadrant during the probe trial compared to the control group. Biochemical measurements showed that the concentration of creatine in the olfactory bulbs, medial prefrontal cortex, and hippocampus of the rats in the intranasal group was higher than in the oral, and control groups. These results indicate that intranasal administration of creatine hydrochloride increases the creatine level in the rat's brain's and improves their performance in the Barnes maze.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqing Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, USA
| | - Xiaoping Hu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Riverside, USA.
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10
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Wu M, Zhang Y. Integrated bioinformatics, network pharmacology, and artificial intelligence to predict the mechanism of celastrol against muscle atrophy caused by colorectal cancer. Front Genet 2022; 13:1012932. [PMID: 36419834 PMCID: PMC9676937 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1012932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle atrophy due to colorectal cancer severely reduces the quality of life and survival time of patients. However, the underlying causative mechanisms and therapeutic agents are not well understood. The aim of this study was to screen and identify the microRNA (miRNA)–mRNA regulatory network and therapeutic targets of celastrol in colorectal cancer causing muscle atrophy via blood exosomes. Datasets were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus online database. Differential expression analysis was first performed using the blood exosome dataset GSE39833 from colorectal cancer and normal humans to identify differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs, and then, transcriptional enrichment analysis was performed to identify important enriched genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed by FunRich software. Using the muscle atrophy sample GSE34111, the DE mRNAs in the muscle atrophy sample were analyzed, a regulatory network map was established based on miRNA‒mRNA regulatory mechanisms, further GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed for the DE genes in muscle atrophy via Cytoscape’s ClueGO plug-in, and the network pharmacology pharmacophore analysis method was used to analyze the celastrol therapeutic targets, taking intersections to find the therapeutic targets of celastrol, using the artificial intelligence AlphaFold2 to predict the protein structures of the key targets, and finally using molecular docking to verify whether celastrol and the target proteins can be successfully docked. A total of 82 DE miRNAs were obtained, and the top 10 enriched target genes were identified. The enrichment of the 82 miRNAs showed a close correlation with muscle atrophy, and 332 DE mRNAs were found by differential expression analysis in muscle atrophy samples, among which 44 mRNA genes were involved in miRNA‒mRNA networks. The DE genes in muscle atrophy were enriched for 30 signaling pathways, and 228 target genes were annotated after pharmacophore target analysis. The NR1D2 gene, the target of treatment, was found by taking intersections, the protein structure of this target was predicted by AlphaFold2, and the structure was successfully docked and validated using molecular docking. In our present study, colorectal cancer likely enters the muscle from blood exosomes and regulates skeletal muscle atrophy through miRNA‒mRNA regulatory network mechanisms, and celastrol treats muscle through NR1D2 in the miRNA‒mRNA regulatory network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wu
- Postgraduate Training Base in Shanghai Gongli Hospital, Ningxia Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Gongli Hospital of Pudong New Area, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Zhang,
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