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Modesto T, Neves Gregório B, Marcelino G, Marquet N, Costa RA, Guerreiro PM, Velez Z, Hubbard PC. Anatomy of the olfactory system and potential role for chemical communication in the sound-producing Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2024; 105:59-71. [PMID: 38634148 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.15751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The current study investigated the structure and function of the olfactory system of the Lusitanian toadfish, Halobatrachus didactylus, using histology and electrophysiology (electro-olfactogram [EOG]), respectively. The olfactory system consists of a digitated anterior peduncle, of unknown function, containing the inhalant nostril. This then leads to a U-shaped olfactory chamber with the olfactory epithelium-identified by Gαolf-immunoreactivity-on the ventral surface. A large lacrimal sac is connected to this tube and is likely involved in generating water movement through the olfactory chamber (this species is largely sedentary). The exhalent nostril lies by the eye and is preceded by a bicuspid valve to ensure one-way flow of water. As do other teleosts, H. didactylus had olfactory sensitivity to amino acids and bile acids. Large-amplitude EOG responses were evoked by fluid from the anterior and posterior testicular accessory glands, and bile and intestinal fluids. Anterior gland and intestinal fluids from reproductive males were significantly more potent than those from non-reproductive males. Male urine and skin mucus proved to be the least potent body fluids tested. These results suggest that chemical communication-as well as acoustic communication-may be important in the reproduction of this species and that this may be mediated by the accessory glands and intestinal fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Modesto
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Neves Gregório
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Gonçalo Marcelino
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Nathalie Marquet
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rita A Costa
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Guerreiro
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Zélia Velez
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Peter C Hubbard
- Centre of Marine Sciences (CCMAR/CIMAR LA), Campus de Gambelas, Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
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Szydłowska NZ, Franta P, Let M, Mikšovská V, Buřič M, Drozd B. Risk Perception: Chemical Stimuli in Predator Detection and Feeding Behaviour of the Invasive Round Goby Neogobius melanostomus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:406. [PMID: 38927286 PMCID: PMC11200450 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The round goby Neogobius melanostomus is a notoriously invasive fish originating from the Ponto-Caspian region that in recent decades has successfully spread across the globe. One of its primary impacts is direct predation; in addition, when entering new ecosystems, the round goby is likely to become a food resource for many higher native predators. However, little is known either about the indirect effects of predators on the round goby as prey or its feeding behaviour and activity. The non-consumptive effect of the presence of higher native predators presumably plays an important role in mitigating the impact of non-native round gobies as mesopredators on benthic invertebrate communities, especially when both higher- and mesopredators occupy the same habitat. We tested the food consumption probability and gut evacuation rates in round gobies in response to chemical signals from a higher predator, the European eel Anguilla anguilla. Gobies were placed individually in experimental arenas equipped with shelters and exposed to water from a tank in which (a) the higher predator had actively preyed on a heterospecific prey, earthworms Lumbricus sp. (the heterospecific treatment; HS); (b) the higher predator had fed on round gobies (the conspecific treatment; CS); or (c) the water was provided as a control treatment (C). To ensure exposure to the chemical stimuli, this study incorporated the application of skin extracts containing damaged-released alarm cues from the CS treatment; distilled water was used for the remaining treatments. No significant differences were observed in either the food consumption probability or gut evacuation rate in the tested treatments. Despite the lack of reaction to the chemical stimuli, round gobies did exhibit high evacuation rates (R = 0.2323 ± 0.011 h-1; mean ± SE) in which complete gut clearance occurred within 16 h regardless of the applied treatment. This rapid food processing suggests high efficiency and great pressure on resources regardless of the presence or not of a higher predator. These findings hint at the boldness of round gobies, which did not exhibit any pronounced threat sensitivity. This would seem to suggest great efficiency in food processing and a potential competitive advantage over local native species when colonising new ecosystems, irrespective of the presence of native predators. Our study did not detect any non-consumptive effect attributable to the higher predator, given that the feeding activity of the invasive round goby was not altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Z. Szydłowska
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Zátiší 728/II, 389 25 Vodňany, Czech Republic; (P.F.); (M.L.); (V.M.); (M.B.); (B.D.)
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3
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Green L, Faust E, Hinchcliffe J, Brijs J, Holmes A, Englund Örn F, Svensson O, Roques JAC, Leder EH, Sandblom E, Kvarnemo C. Invader at the edge - Genomic origins and physiological differences of round gobies across a steep urban salinity gradient. Evol Appl 2023; 16:321-337. [PMID: 36793700 PMCID: PMC9923490 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Species invasions are a global problem of increasing concern, especially in highly connected aquatic environments. Despite this, salinity conditions can pose physiological barriers to their spread, and understanding them is important for management. In Scandinavia's largest cargo port, the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is established across a steep salinity gradient. We used 12,937 SNPs to identify the genetic origin and diversity of three sites along the salinity gradient and round goby from western, central and northern Baltic Sea, as well as north European rivers. Fish from two sites from the extreme ends of the gradient were also acclimated to freshwater and seawater, and tested for respiratory and osmoregulatory physiology. Fish from the high-salinity environment in the outer port showed higher genetic diversity, and closer relatedness to the other regions, compared to fish from lower salinity upstream the river. Fish from the high-salinity site also had higher maximum metabolic rate, fewer blood cells and lower blood Ca2+. Despite these genotypic and phenotypic differences, salinity acclimation affected fish from both sites in the same way: seawater increased the blood osmolality and Na+ levels, and freshwater increased the levels of the stress hormone cortisol. Our results show genotypic and phenotypic differences over short spatial scales across this steep salinity gradient. These patterns of the physiologically robust round goby are likely driven by multiple introductions into the high-salinity site, and a process of sorting, likely based on behaviour or selection, along the gradient. This euryhaline fish risks spreading from this area, and seascape genomics and phenotypic characterization can inform management strategies even within an area as small as a coastal harbour inlet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon Green
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Ellika Faust
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - James Hinchcliffe
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Jeroen Brijs
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Institute of Marine Biology University of Hawai'i Kaneohe Hawai'i USA
| | - Andrew Holmes
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Felix Englund Örn
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
| | - Ola Svensson
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Department of Educational Work University of Borås Borås Sweden
| | - Jonathan A C Roques
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Erica H Leder
- Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Tjärnö Marine Laboratory, Department of Marine Sciences University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden.,Natural History Museum University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Erik Sandblom
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Charlotta Kvarnemo
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden.,Linnaeus Centre for Marine Evolutionary Biology University of Gothenburg Strömstad Sweden
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Rincón‐Camacho L, Jungblut LD, Pandolfi M, Pozzi AG. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical characteristics of the olfactory organ Cardinal tetra,
Paracheirodon axelrodi
(Characiformes: Characidae). J Morphol 2022; 283:815-826. [DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rincón‐Camacho
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada‐CONICET
| | - Lucas D. Jungblut
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada‐CONICET
| | - Matías Pandolfi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada‐CONICET
| | - Andrea G. Pozzi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada‐CONICET
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5
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Kasumyan AO, Pashchenko NI, Oanh LTK. Morphology of the Olfactory Organ in the Climbing Perch (Anabas testudineus, Anabantidae, Perciformes). BIOL BULL+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359021080148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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6
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Pintos S, Rincon-Camacho L, Pandolfi M, Pozzi AG. Morphology and immunohistochemistry of the olfactory organ in the bloodfin tetra, Aphyocharax anisitsi (Ostariophysi: Characidae). J Morphol 2020; 281:986-996. [PMID: 32562593 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.21227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Among teleost fishes, differences exist in the shape, number, and arrangement of the olfactory lamellae, the distribution of the sensory and non-sensory epithelium, as well as, the abundance of various receptor cells. The objective of this work was to describe the morphology, immunohistochemistry, and scanning electron microscopy ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium of the bloodfin tetra, Aphyocharax anisitsi. This is the first complete description including the anatomy, histology, and immunohistochemistry of the peripheral olfactory organ from a Characiformes. Based on the external morphology of the olfactory organ, A. anisitsi was classified as a ditermous species, with an olfactory cavity containing two openings divided by a skin flap that separates the anterior and posterior nostril. This species belongs to the group of isosmates, since the presence of accessory olfactory sacs was not observed, and non-sensory ciliated cells were identified. A. anisitsi has an olfactory rosette with an arrow-shaped arrangement, with differences in length between the anterior and posterior lamellae. In the olfactory epithelium, three types of olfactory receptor neurons were identified using histology and confirmed by immunohistochemistry, that is, ciliated olfactory receptor neurons in the basal region of the epithelium, microvillar olfactory receptor neurons in the middle region; and Crypt cells, in smaller numbers compared to the other neuronal types, present in the apical region. Sensory and non-sensory areas were scattered and mixed along the lamellar lateral surface but the nasal cavity and the midline raphe lacked olfactory receptor neurons. The presence of abundant kinocilia in the non-sensory cells could be related in A. anisitsi with ventilation and quality control of water entering the olfactory cavity. The spatial organization of the sensory and non-sensory areas in A. anisitsi was similar to that observed in other species that also inhabit still and slow-flowing bodies of water with high-density vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Pintos
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laura Rincon-Camacho
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matias Pandolfi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea G Pozzi
- Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Laboratorio de Neuroendocrinología y Comportamiento en Peces y Anfibios, Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Dymek J, Rosenqwist G, Kuciel M, Lauriano ER, Capillo G, Zaccone G, Żuwała K. Micro‐ and macro‐morphology of the olfactory organ of
Syngnathus typhle
(Syngnathidae, Actinopterygii). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Dymek
- Department of Comparative Anatomy Faculty of Biology Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - Gunilla Rosenqwist
- Department of Earth Sciences, Natural Resources and Sustainable Development Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden
| | - Michał Kuciel
- Department of Toxicology and Environmental Disease Faculty of Medicine Poison Information Centre Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Giacomo Zaccone
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging University of Messina Messina Italy
| | - Krystyna Żuwała
- Department of Comparative Anatomy Faculty of Biology Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research Jagiellonian University Cracow Poland
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Hu Y, Majoris JE, Buston PM, Webb JF. Potential roles of smell and taste in the orientation behaviour of coral-reef fish larvae: insights from morphology. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 95:311-323. [PMID: 30198213 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An ontogenetic analysis of the olfactory organ and the number and distribution of internal taste buds was carried out in two neon gobies (Elacatinus lori and Elacatinus colini) with the goal of revealing morphological trends that might inform an understanding of the roles of olfaction and taste in larval orientation behaviour. The pattern of development of the olfactory organ is unremarkable and enclosure of the olfactory epithelium occurs concurrently with metamorphosis and settlement in both species. Like other gobies, juvenile and adult E. lori and E. colini lack complex olfactory lamellae, and lack the accessory nasal sacs present in some adult gobies that could facilitate active olfactory ventilation (i.e., sniffing). A small number of internal taste buds are present at hatch with most found in the caudal region of the buccal cavity (on gill arches, roof of buccal cavity). As taste bud number increases, they demonstrate an anterior spread to the lips, buccal valves and tongue (i.e., tissue covering the basihyal). In the absence of an active ventilatory mechanism for the olfactory organs, the water that moves through the buccal cavity with cyclic gill ventilation may provide chemical cues allowing the internal taste buds to play a role in chemical-mediated orientation and reef-seeking behavior in pelagic larval fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinan Hu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
- Department of Biology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts
| | - John E Majoris
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jacqueline F Webb
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island
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9
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Ghosh S. Anatomical and Histological Studies on the Olfactory Organ of Riverine Catfish, Eutropiichthys vacha (Hamilton, 1822). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2018.245.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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10
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Green WW, Boyes K, McFadden C, Daghfous G, Auclair F, Zhang H, Li W, Dubuc R, Zielinski BS. Odorant organization in the olfactory bulb of the sea lamprey. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 220:1350-1359. [PMID: 28183864 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.150466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Olfactory sensory neurons innervate the olfactory bulb, where responses to different odorants generate a chemotopic map of increased neural activity within different bulbar regions. In this study, insight into the basal pattern of neural organization of the vertebrate olfactory bulb was gained by investigating the lamprey. Retrograde labelling established that lateral and dorsal bulbar territories receive the axons of sensory neurons broadly distributed in the main olfactory epithelium and that the medial region receives sensory neuron input only from neurons projecting from the accessory olfactory organ. The response duration for local field potential recordings was similar in the lateral and dorsal regions, and both were longer than medial responses. All three regions responded to amino acid odorants. The dorsal and medial regions, but not the lateral region, responded to steroids. These findings show evidence for olfactory streams in the sea lamprey olfactory bulb: the lateral region responds to amino acids from sensory input in the main olfactory epithelium, the dorsal region responds to steroids (taurocholic acid and pheromones) and to amino acids from sensory input in the main olfactory epithelium, and the medial bulbar region responds to amino acids and steroids stimulating the accessory olfactory organ. These findings indicate that olfactory subsystems are present at the base of vertebrate evolution and that regionality in the lamprey olfactory bulb has some aspects previously seen in other vertebrate species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Warren W Green
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4
| | - Karl Boyes
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4
| | - Charrie McFadden
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4
| | - Gheylen Daghfous
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3P8.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7
| | - François Auclair
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3P8.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7
| | - Huiming Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Réjean Dubuc
- Groupe de Recherche en Activité Physique Adaptée, Département des sciences de l'activité physique, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3P8.,Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de neurosciences, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada H3C3J7
| | - Barbara S Zielinski
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4 .,Great Lakes Institute for Environmental Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B3P4
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11
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The Anatomy and Histoarchitecture of the Olfactory Organ in the Korean Flat-Headed Goby Luciogobius guttatus (Pisces; Gobiidae). Appl Microsc 2016. [DOI: 10.9729/am.2016.46.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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12
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Patle PJ, Baile VV. Olfactory Sensory Neuron Morphotypes in the Featherback Fish, Notopterus notopterus (Osteoglossiformes: Notopteridae). Ann Neurosci 2014; 21:51-6. [PMID: 25206061 PMCID: PMC4117162 DOI: 10.5214/ans.0972.7531.210205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As in other vertebrates, olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in fishes are the main components of sensory part of olfactory epithelium that relay olfactory information (smell and taste) to the brain. PURPOSE Objective of the present study was to analyze if any polymorphism occurs in the OSNs in a featherback fish, Notopterus notopterus as far as the teleost lineage is concerned. METHODS With the help of neuronal staining technique, polymorphism of OSNs in N. notopterus was studied. RESULTS Three polymorphic forms of OSNs were identified which are ciliated OSNs, microvillus OSNs and crypt OSNs. These morphotypes were identified on the basis of location of their somata within the depth of olfactory epithelium and resulting length of their dendrites. The ciliated OSNs have basally situated somata and long, thin dendrites with a few apically arranged cilia while microvillous OSNs have somata located midway in the epithelium and thick moderate-length dendrites with microvilli. Third cell type is crypt OSNs which are spherical or pear-shaped, located apically just close to the epithelial surface having cilia and microvilli in an invagination and devoid of any dendrite. CONCLUSION N. notopterus belongs to order Osteoglossiformes which is a representative of an early evolutionary lineage of teleost fishes. OSN polymorphism reported in the present work indicates that it is a fairly conserved trait throughout the evolution of teleosts. To our knowledge, we are the first ones to report OSN polymorphism in a member of the order Osteoglossiformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratap J. Patle
- Division of Fish Neurobiology, PG Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur - 440 033, India
| | - Vidya V. Baile
- Division of Fish Neurobiology, PG Department of Zoology, RTM Nagpur University Campus, Nagpur - 440 033, India
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13
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The structural organization and immunohistochemistry of G-protein alpha subunits in the olfactory system of the air-breathing mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus (Linnaeus, 1766) (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae). Acta Histochem 2014; 116:70-8. [PMID: 23769676 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2013.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2013] [Revised: 05/12/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The study provides the first comprehensive information on the immunohistochemistry and ultrastructure of the olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the mudskipper, Periophthalmus barbarus. The olfactory sensory epithelium is in the form of islets which cover part of the olfactory canal running from the upper lip toward the eye, where large single accessory nasal sacs occur. Within the islets, microvillous, ciliated and crypt ORNs were observed as well as giant cells and sparse non-sensory ciliated cells. Around the islets and in the walls of accessory nasal sacs, there are epidermal cells with microridges typical of fish epidermis. Close to the entrance to the accessory nasal sac, in the non-sensory epithelium of the nasal cavity and the skin epithelium covering the olfactory organ, areas of solitary chemosensory cells (SCCs) are reported for the first time. The distribution of the various ORN cell types is assessed through the immunohistochemistry against olfactory receptor coupled G-proteins. The ciliated ORNs were labeled by G alpha olf/s antibody. The ORNs with microvilli and crypt cells were G alpha i-3 immunoreactive.
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14
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Kuciel M, Żuwała K, Satapoomin U. Comparative morphology (SEM) of the peripheral olfactory organ in the Oxudercinae subfamily (Gobiidae, Perciformes). ZOOL ANZ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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15
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Properties, projections, and tuning of teleost olfactory receptor neurons. J Chem Ecol 2013; 39:451-64. [PMID: 23468224 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-013-0268-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2012] [Revised: 12/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In many fishes, the olfactory sense participates in such vital processes as feeding, reproduction, orientation, and predator avoidance. In teleosts, these tasks are fulfilled by a single type of olfactory organ for odorant and pheromone detection, containing ciliated and microvillus receptor neurons, and olfactory crypt cells. Recently, progress was made in understanding crypt cell function with the discovery of a V1R-like odorant receptor expressed in this neuron, an analysis of crypt cell odorant tuning properties, and the dissection of crypt cell connectivity within the telecephalon. Here, we review recent findings on the molecular properties, functions, and associated neural pathways of the three types of teleost olfactory receptor neurons with special emphasis on the crypt cell, and evaluate their roles in the detection of food, social and sexual odorants.
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16
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Kuciel M. The mechanism of olfactory organ ventilation in Periophthalmus barbarus (Gobiidae, Oxudercinae). ZOOMORPHOLOGY 2013; 132:81-85. [PMID: 23420290 PMCID: PMC3570760 DOI: 10.1007/s00435-012-0167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Periophthalmus barbarus Linnaeus, 1766 has many adaptations for amphibious life as a consequence of tidal zone occupation. One of them is the ability to keep a little amount of water and air in mouth while on land or in hypoxic water, correlated with closing a gill lid for gas exchange improvement. It causes that mechanisms of olfactory organ ventilation described in other species of actinopterygians (compression of accessory nasal sac(s) by the skull and jaw elements while mouth and gill lid moving) are not in operation. There is a specific mechanism of olfactory organ ventilation independent on jaw and skull elements movements. Compression of accessory nasal sacs is possible by a0 contraction and it is a movement effect on bones combined by ligaments. This process can be observed on P. barbarus as lifting the rostral part of the head. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s00435-012-0167-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Kuciel
- Department of Comparative Anatomy, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 9, 30-387 Kraków, Poland
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17
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Bazáes A, Schmachtenberg O. Odorant tuning of olfactory crypt cells from juvenile and adult rainbow trout. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 215:1740-8. [PMID: 22539741 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.067264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Teleost fish lack independent olfactory organs for odorant and pheromone detection. Instead, they have a single sensory epithelium with two populations of receptor neurons, ciliated and microvillous, that are conserved among vertebrates, and a unique receptor cell type named the olfactory crypt cell. Crypt cells were shown to be chemosensory neurons that project to specific areas in the olfactory bulb, but their odorant tuning and overall function remain unclear. Reproduction in fish is generally synchronized by sex pheromonal signaling between males and females, but the sensors responsible for pheromone detection remain unknown. In crucian carp, a seasonal variation in the population of olfactory crypt cells and their brain projections pathways, involved in reproduction, led to the hypothesis of a role as sex pheromone detectors. In the present study, morphology and localization of olfactory crypt cells were compared between juvenile and mature rainbow trout of both sexes, and calcium imaging was used to visualize responses of crypt cells from the three groups to common social and food-related odorants, sex hormones and conspecific tissue extracts. Crypt cells from mature trout were found to be larger than those of juvenile specimens, and preferentially localized to the apical surface of the olfactory epithelium. Although a fraction of crypt cells of all groups responded to common odorants such as amino acids and bile salts, cells from mature trout showed a characteristic preference for gonadal extracts and hormones from the opposite sex. These results support an involvement of olfactory crypt cells in reproduction-related olfactory signaling in fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Bazáes
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda Gran Bretaña 1111, 2360102 Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
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18
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Bettini S, Lazzari M, Franceschini V. Quantitative analysis of crypt cell population during postnatal development of the olfactory organ of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Teleostei, Poecilidae), from birth to sexual maturity. J Exp Biol 2012; 215:2711-5. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.069039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARY
Crypt cells are one of three types of olfactory sensory neuron, differing from ciliated and microvillar cells in shape, localization and number, and found only in fish. Although crypt cells are morphologically well characterized, their function remains unclear. They were hypothesized to be involved in reproductive behaviours by detecting sex pheromones, but electrophysiological investigations revealed sensitivity to only amino acids. However, the number of crypt cells in adult guppies is not the same in the two sexes. In this study, we compared the size of the crypt cell population in juvenile guppies during the first 90 days after birth. The purpose of our study was to clarify whether a correlation exists between sex and the number of these olfactory neurons. The data show that guppies reach adult crypt cell density when they become sexually mature. Despite a constant increment in volume during development of the olfactory organ, the minimum density of crypt neurons occurs at ∼45 days. Moreover, in the early weeks, the density of crypt neurons is greater in males than in females because in females the total number of cells decreases significantly after just 7 days. In adults, however, crypt neurons are found in higher density in females than in males. These findings suggest that the number of crypt cells is sex specific, with independent developmental dynamics between males and females. A role in pheromone detection could explain such a difference, but the early appearance of crypt cells in the first days of life is suggestive of other, not sexually related, functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Bettini
- Department of Evolution and Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Evolution and Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valeria Franceschini
- Department of Evolution and Experimental Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy
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19
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Daghfous G, Green WW, Zielinski BS, Dubuc R. Chemosensory-induced motor behaviors in fish. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2011; 22:223-30. [PMID: 22054925 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2011.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2011] [Revised: 10/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemical sensory signals play a crucial role in eliciting motor behaviors. We now review the different motor behaviors induced by chemosensory stimuli in fish as well as their neural substrate. A great deal of research has focused on migratory, reproductive, foraging, and escape behaviors but it is only recently that the molecules mediating these chemotactic responses have become well-characterized. Chemotactic responses are mediated by three sensory systems: olfactory, gustatory, and diffuse chemosensory. The olfactory sensory neuron responses to chemicals are now better understood. In addition, the olfactory projections to the central nervous system were recently shown to display an odotopic organization in the forebrain. Moreover, a specific downward projection underlying motor responses to olfactory inputs was recently described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gheylen Daghfous
- Groupe de Recherche sur le Système Nerveux Central, Département de Physiologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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20
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Laframboise AJ, Zielinski BS. Responses of round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) olfactory epithelium to steroids released by reproductive males. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2011; 197:999-1008. [PMID: 21735225 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-011-0662-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2011] [Revised: 06/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/18/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The wild perciform teleost Neogobius melanostomus (the round goby) originated from the Ponto-Caspian region and is now a highly successful invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes. Males may attract females into their nests for spawning by releasing reproductive pheromones, and it has been previously shown that reproductive males synthesize and release the 5β-reduced and 3α-hydroxyl steroids 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstane-11,17-dione (11-oxo-etiocholanolone; 11-O-ETIO) and 3α-hydroxy-5β-androstane-11,17-dione 3-sulfate (11-oxo-etiocholanolone-3-sulfate; 11-O-ETIO-3-s) and 3α,17β-dihydroxy-5β-androstan-11-one 17-sulfate. In this study, we investigated properties of these released steroids by recording field potential responses from the olfactory epithelium (electro-olfactogram, EOG). The steroid 3α,17β-dihydroxy-5β-androstan-11-one 17-sulfate did not elicit olfactory responses while both 11-O-ETIO and 11-O-ETIO-3-s stimulated olfactory field potentials in the round goby, but not in the goldfish. Cross-adaptation analysis demonstrated that round gobies discriminated between11-O-ETIO and 11-O-ETIO-3-s (as well as etiocholanolone, ETIO) at the sensory level. Second messenger cascades depending on both cAMP and IP(3) were inferred for steroids from pharmacological inhibition studies, while the canonical teleost odors taurocholic acid (a bile acid) and L: -alanine (an amino acid) used only cAMP and IP(3), respectively. The round goby presents itself as an excellent species for the study of olfactory function of fish in the wild, given its possible use of these released steroids as pheromones.
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21
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Kuciel M, Żuwała K, Jakubowski M. A new type of fish olfactory organ structure in Periophthalmus barbarus (Oxudercinae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-6395.2010.00459.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Iqbal T, Byrd-Jacobs C. Rapid degeneration and regeneration of the zebrafish olfactory epithelium after triton X-100 application. Chem Senses 2010; 35:351-61. [PMID: 20228140 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/bjq019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of Triton X-100 on the olfactory epithelium (OE) of adult zebrafish were examined to study neuronal turnover in this model system. Fish were killed at various time points after detergent application and stained with hematoxylin and eosin to examine olfactory structures, immunocytochemistry to examine cell types, or DiI to examine connections to the olfactory bulb. A significant decrease in epithelial thickness of treated sides was observed 1-day posttreatment. Epithelium thickness recovered by 5 days. The most significant reduction in the OE following Triton X-100 treatment corresponded to the region of supporting cells and mature olfactory sensory neurons. Labeling for all neurons with anti-Hu and for the 3 sensory neuron subtypes of the zebrafish OE (ciliated, microvillous, and crypt neurons) diminished 1 day after lesion and returned by 5 days posttreatment. Retrograde labeling from the olfactory bulb showed that the majority of mature olfactory sensory neurons disappeared in 1 day and reappeared by 5 days after treatment. Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen was used to show mitotic activity, and after chemical lesion, there was an increase in proliferation in specific regions of the OE. Thus, chemical ablation causes temporary reduction with swift regeneration of the OE occurring within a week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tania Iqbal
- Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Avenue, Kalamazoo, MI 49008-5410, USA
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23
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Jungblut LD, Paz DA, López-Costa JJ, Pozzi AG. Heterogeneous distribution of G protein alpha subunits in the main olfactory and vomeronasal systems of Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum tadpoles. Zoolog Sci 2010; 26:722-8. [PMID: 19832685 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.26.722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the presence of G protein subtypes Galpha(o), Galpha(i2), and Galpha(olf) in the main olfactory system (MOS) and accessory or vomeronasal system (VNS) of Rhinella (Bufo) arenarum tadpoles, and here describe the fine structure of the sensory cells in the olfactory epithelium (OE) and vomeronasal organ (VNO). The OE shows olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) with cilia in the apical surface, and the vomeronasal receptor neurons (VRNs) of the VNO are covered with microvilli. Immunohistochemistry detected the presence of at least two segregated populations of ORNs throughout the OE, coupled to Galpha(olf) and Galpha(o). An antiserum against Galpha(i2) was ineffective in staining the ORNs. In the VNO, Galpha(o) neurons stained strongly but lacked immunoreactivity to any other Galpha subunit in all larval stages analyzed. Western blot analyses and preabsorption experiments confirmed the specificity of the commercial antisera used. The functional significance of the heterogeneous G-protein distribution in R. arenarum tadpoles is not clear, but the study of G- protein distributions in various amphibian species is important, since this vertebrate group played a key role in the evolution of tetrapods. A more complete knowledge of the amphibian MOS and VNS would help to understand the functional organization and evolution of vertebrate chemosensory systems. This work demonstrates, for the first time, the existence of a segregated distribution of G-proteins in the OE of R. arenarum tadpoles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas D Jungblut
- Laboratorio de Biología del Desarrollo, Instituto de Fisiología, Bioloíg Molecular y Neurociencias (IFIBYNE-CONICET) and Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires
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24
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Ferrando S, Gambardella C, Ravera S, Bottero S, Ferrando T, Gallus L, Manno V, Salati AP, Ramoino P, Tagliafierro G. Immunolocalization of G-protein alpha subunits in the olfactory system of the cartilaginous fish Scyliorhinus canicula. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2010; 292:1771-9. [PMID: 19768751 DOI: 10.1002/ar.21003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the olfactory and vomeronasal systems of vertebrates, the morphology of the receptor neurons, the receptor gene family they express, the G-protein coupled with the receptor (in particular the G-protein alpha subunit), and their projection to the olfactory bulb are correlated. Much information about this complicated system have been collected in different groups, but nothing is known about Chondrichthyes. In this work, the presence and distribution of immunoreactivity for different types of G-protein alpha subunit (Galpha(o), Galpha(q) and Galpha(s/olf)) were investigated in the olfactory mucosa and olfactory bulb of the shark Scyliorhinus canicula. Only Galpha(o)-like immunoreactivity was detected in the olfactory mucosa and bulb, both in tissues and homogenates. Its distribution was partially similar to that found in other vertebrates: it was localized in the microvillous receptor neurons, in numerous axon bundles of the fila olfactoria, in the stratum nervosum and in the most of glomeruli in the stratum glomerulosum. No immunoreactivity was instead observed in the crypt neurons, the second type of olfactory neurons present in cartilaginous fish. The projections of crypt neurons to olfactory bulb probably correspond to the few ventrally-located glomeruli which were negative to the antiserum against Galpha(o). These data suggest, in S. canicula, different olfactory neuron types send projections to the olfactory bulb with a segregated distribution, as observed in other vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrando
- Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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25
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Ren X, Chang S, Laframboise A, Green W, Dubuc R, Zielinski B. Projections from the accessory olfactory organ into the medial region of the olfactory bulb in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): a novel vertebrate sensory structure? J Comp Neurol 2009; 516:105-16. [PMID: 19575448 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although four different primary olfactory pathways have been described in tetrapod vertebrates, polymorphic olfactory sensory neurons comingle in the olfactory epithelium and project axons into separate bulbar regions in teleost fish. However, spatially segregated neurons may exist in the peripheral olfactory organ of lampreys, extant representatives of ancestral jawless vertebrates. In lampreys, the caudoventral portion of the peripheral olfactory organ contains tubular diverticula, named the accessory olfactory organ (AOO). Short, ciliated AOO cells were retrogradely labelled following application of biocytin or carbocyanine dyes to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. Tracer application to eight radial locations within the layer of glomeruli with mitral cells, of the olfactory bulb, showed that AOO projections were restricted to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. The outer boundary of the AOO projection extended to the ventromedial region of glomerular neuropil in 43% of the specimens. The olfactory sensory neurons in the main olfactory epithelium projected to glomerular neuropil throughout the olfactory bulb, including sparse projections to the medial region of the olfactory bulb. This study shows that these AOO neurons and their projections in the medial region of the olfactory bulb are anatomically distinct regions of the primary olfactory pathway in the sea lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B3P4, Canada
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26
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Vielma A, Ardiles A, Delgado L, Schmachtenberg O. The elusive crypt olfactory receptor neuron: evidence for its stimulation by amino acids and cAMP pathway agonists. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 211:2417-22. [PMID: 18626075 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.018796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Crypt olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) are a third type of chemosensory neuron along with ciliated and microvillous ORNs in the olfactory epithelium of fishes, but their functional role is still unknown. To investigate their odorant response properties and possible transduction pathways, we recorded crypt ORN activity with calcium imaging and the patch clamp technique in its cell-attached mode in combination with odorant and agonist stimulation. Bile salts and putative fish pheromones did not elicit responses with either method, but the cells frequently responded to amino acids, with excitation and intracellular calcium signals. 8Br-cAMP and IBMX plus forskolin stimulated over 40% of crypt ORNs and triggered calcium signals in a similar percentage. Furthermore, crypt ORNs were immunoreactive to an antiserum against adenylate cyclase III. Together, these data suggest the presence of a cAMP transduction pathway, which might transduce odorants such as amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Vielma
- Centro de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Avda. Gran Bretaña 1111, Casilla 5029, Correo 4 2360102 Valparaíso, Chile
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27
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Abstract
Flow into and around the olfactory chamber of a fish determines how odorant from the fish's immediate environment is transported to the sensory surface (olfactory epithelium) lining the chamber. Diffusion times in water are long, even over comparatively short distances (millimetres). Therefore, transport from the external environment to the olfactory epithelium must be controlled by processes that rely on convection (i.e. the bulk flow of fluid). These include the beating of cilia lining the olfactory chamber and the relatively inexpensive pumping action of accessory sacs. Flow through the chamber may also be induced by an external flow. Flow over the olfactory epithelium appears to be laminar. Odorant transfer to the olfactory epithelium may be facilitated in several ways: if the olfactory organs are mounted on stalks that penetrate the boundary layer; by the steep velocity gradients generated by beating cilia; by devices that deflect flow into the olfactory chamber; by parallel arrays of olfactory lamellae; by mechanical agitation of the chamber (or olfactory stalks); and by vortices. Overall, however, our knowledge of the hydrodynamics of fish olfaction is far from complete. Several areas of future research are outlined.
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28
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Lazzari M, Bettini S, Ciani F, Franceschini V. Light and transmission electron microscopy study of the peripheral olfactory organ of the guppy, Poecilia reticulata (Teleostei, Poecilidae). Microsc Res Tech 2007; 70:782-9. [PMID: 17661368 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A study of the peripheral olfactory organ, with special attention to the olfactory epithelium, has been carried out in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). Guppy is well known to have a vision-based sexual behavior. The olfactory chamber caudally opens directly in an accessory nasal sac, which is bent medially and gives rise to two recesses that can be considered secondary accessory nasal sacs, antero-medial and postero-medial, respectively. The sensory epithelium, which lines only the medial wall of the nasal cavity, is basically flat rising in a very low lamella only in the posterior part. The olfactory receptors are not evenly distributed in the olfactory mucosa, but aggregate in shallow folds separated by epithelial cells with evident microridges. Ciliated olfactory sensory neurons and microvillous olfactory sensory neurons are clearly identified by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Scarce crypt olfactory neurons are found throughout the sensory folds. The nasal sacs indicates the capacity to regulate the flow of odorant molecules over the sensory epithelium, possibly through a pump-like mechanism associated with gill ventilation. The organization of the olfactory organ in guppy is simple and reminds what is found in early posthatching stages of fish which at the adult state have a well developed olfactory organ. This simple organization supports the idea that the guppy rely on olfaction less than other fish species provided with more extended olfactory receptorial surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Lazzari
- Department of Biology, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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29
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Ferrando S, Bottaro M, Pedemonte F, De Lorenzo S, Gallus L, Tagliafierro G. Appearance of crypt neurons in the olfactory epithelium of the skate Raja clavata during development. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2007; 290:1268-72. [PMID: 17722118 DOI: 10.1002/ar.20584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Crypt neurons are olfactory receptor cells located in the olfactory epithelium of fishes. They exhibit a peculiar and well-recognizable morphology, although their odorant specificity is still unknown. Data on their appearance during development are few and far between. This study set out to identify the time at which crypt neurons appeared in the skate, Raja clavata, using histological and immunohistochemical methods. For this purpose, embryos and juveniles at different stages of development, from 13 weeks after laying (11 weeks before hatching) to 24 weeks after hatching, were examined. The crypt neurons were identified on a morphological basis. An anti-alpha-tubulin antibody and two lectins (wheat germ agglutinin and peanut agglutinin) were used to highlight morphological details. The olfactory marker protein was detected by immunohistochemistry, because this protein is a marker of neuronal maturity in vertebrates. The crypt neurons could be detected by their morphology at 15 weeks after laying and became strongly olfactory marker protein immunoreactive 22 weeks after laying. Although involvement of crypt neurons in reproductive behavior has been inferred in various studies on bony fishes, their early presence in skate embryos and juveniles may suggest that they are not exclusively involved in sexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrando
- LIBiOM, Department of Biology, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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30
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Hamdani EH, Døving KB. The functional organization of the fish olfactory system. Prog Neurobiol 2007; 82:80-6. [PMID: 17433527 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2007.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2007] [Accepted: 02/19/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in the functional anatomy and physiology of the fish olfactory system reveal three parallel pathways from the sensory epithelium, via the olfactory bulb to the telencephalon. There are three morphological types of sensory neurones spread in a seemingly overlapping arrangement in the olfactory epithelium. The axons of each type of sensory neurones converge to a specific region of the olfactory bulb and connect to separate sets of relay neurones. The axons of these relay neurones leave in three bundles to the telencephalon. Each bundle conveys specific information that elicits sets of characteristic behaviour in response to odours involved in essential life processes in the fish. One pathway is tuned to social cues, another to sex pheromones, and the third to food odours.
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31
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Belanger RM, Corkum LD, Zielinski BS. Differential behavioral responses by reproductive and non-reproductive male round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) to the putative pheromone estrone. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2007; 147:77-83. [PMID: 17293144 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the frequency of gill ventilation during exposure to estrone and gonadal extracts in the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) is linked to olfactory sensory input. Control over gill ventilation may be a regulatory mechanism used for odorant sampling during reproductive periods. In this study, we examined changes in gill ventilation in osmic and anosmic (nasal occluded), reproductive and non-reproductive male round gobies to a putative steroidal pheromone estrone (1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-ol-17-one). We tested 5 different concentrations of estrone (10(-12) to 10(-8) M) and showed that the response threshold for estrone varied with the male's reproductive status; it was 10(-11) M in reproductive males, and rose to 10(-9) M in non-reproductive males. However, anosmic reproductive and non-reproductive males did not respond to estrone. These findings suggest that olfactory responses to putative pheromones may change depending on the reproductive status of the fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Belanger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4.
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32
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Hansen A, Zielinski BS. Diversity in the olfactory epithelium of bony fishes: development, lamellar arrangement, sensory neuron cell types and transduction components. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:183-208. [PMID: 16841163 DOI: 10.1007/s11068-005-8353-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 12/03/2005] [Accepted: 02/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study we use a taxon-based approach to examine previous, as well as new findings on several topics pertaining to the peripheral olfactory components in teleost fishes. These topics comprise (1) the gross anatomy of the peripheral olfactory organ, including olfactory sensory neuron subtypes and their functional parameters, (2) the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium, and (3) recent findings regarding the development of the nasal cavity and the olfactory epithelium. The teleosts are living ray-finned fish, and include descendants of early-diverging orders (e.g., salmon), specialized descendants (e.g., goldfish and zebrafish), as well as the Acanthopterygii, numerous species with sharp bony rays, including perch, stickleback, bass and tuna. Our survey reveals that the olfactory epithelium lines a multi-lamellar olfactory rosette in many teleosts. In Acanthopterygii, there are also examples of flat, single, double or triple folded olfactory epithelia. Diverse species ventilate the olfactory chamber with a single accessory nasal sac, whereas the presence of two sacs is confined to species within the Acanthopterygii. Recent studies in salmonids and cyprinids have shown that both ciliated olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and microvillous OSNs respond to amino acid odorants. Bile acids stimulate ciliated OSNs, and nucleotides activate microvillous OSNs. G-protein coupled odorant receptor molecules (OR-, V1R-, and V2R-types) have been identified in several teleost species. Ciliated OSNs express the G-protein subunit G(alphaolf/s), which activates cyclic AMP during transduction. Localization of G protein subunits G(alpha0) and G(alphaq/11) to microvillous or crypt OSNs, varies among different species. All teleost species appear to have microvillous and ciliated OSNs. The recently discovered crypt OSN is likewise found broadly. There is surprising diversity during ontogeny. In some species, OSNs and supporting cells derive from placodal cells; in others, supporting cells develop from epithelial (skin) cells. In some, epithelial cells covering the developing olfactory epithelium degenerate, in others, these retract. Likewise, there are different mechanisms for nostril formation. We conclude that there is considerable diversity in gross anatomy and development of the peripheral olfactory organ in teleosts, yet conservation of olfactory sensory neuron morphology. There is not sufficient information to draw conclusions regarding the diversity of teleost olfactory receptors or transduction cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Hansen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center at Fitzsimons, Aurora, USA,
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Schmachtenberg O. Histological and electrophysiological properties of crypt cells from the olfactory epithelium of the marine teleost Trachurus symmetricus. J Comp Neurol 2006; 495:113-21. [PMID: 16432906 DOI: 10.1002/cne.20847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Crypt cells from the olfactory epithelium of the Pacific jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus were characterized by light and electron microscopy and analyzed in dissociation with the patch-clamp technique in its cell-attached, perforated patch and normal whole-cell mode. Isolated crypt cells remained united with their supporting cells, and both were electrically coupled through gap junctions. Under voltage-clamp, depolarizing voltage steps triggered a transient sodium current, a sustained calcium current, and two types of potassium currents with fast and slow inactivation kinetics. No calcium-dependent potassium current could be observed. The sodium current was blocked by saxitoxin, the calcium current by cobalt and furnidipine, and the potassium currents by tetraethylammonium chloride. In the cell-attached configuration, crypt cells displayed spontaneous spike activity and responded to amino acid solutions with dose-dependent excitation, followed by a period of spike inhibition. These first recordings of individual crypt cells provide the basis for future studies of their odorant specificity, transduction mechanism, and overall function in the fish olfactory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro de Neurociencias de Valparaiso CNV, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, Chile.
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Belanger RM, Corkum LD, Li W, Zielinski BS. Olfactory sensory input increases gill ventilation in male round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus) during exposure to steroids. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 144:196-202. [PMID: 16631399 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2005] [Revised: 02/18/2006] [Accepted: 02/21/2006] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In teleostean fish, ventilation increases have been observed in response to low dissolved oxygen levels, visual stimuli, and gustatory cues. However, olfactory sensory input may also stimulate gill ventilation rate. We investigated whether olfactory sensory input mediates gill ventilation responses, as suggested by the observation that steroidal compounds detected by the olfactory system elicited increases in opercular activity in the perciform teleost, the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus). Close parallels between gill ventilation and olfactory responses, led us to conduct an empirical study that used two different olfactory sensory deprivation techniques to seek a causal relationship between olfactory epithelial activity and hyperventilation. Chemical lesion of olfactory sensory neurons or mechanical occlusion of the nasal cavities inhibited gill ventilation responses of reproductive male round gobies to estrone (1,3,5(10)-estratrien-3-ol-17-one) and to ovarian extracts. This direct evidence demonstrates the role of olfactory sensory input for the gill ventilation response to putative reproductive pheromones and may represent an important regulatory mechanism for odorant sampling during pheromone communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachelle M Belanger
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada N9B 3P4
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Yamamoto Y, Mori M, Saito S, Amano M, Yamanome T, Taniguchi K, Oikawa T, Yamamori K, Taniguchi K. Differential expression of histochemical characteristics in the developing olfactory receptor cells in a flatfish, barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). J Vet Med Sci 2005; 66:1609-11. [PMID: 15644619 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.1609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of the histochemical characteristics of the olfactory receptor cells (ORC) was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and calretinin (CR) and lectin histochemistry for Phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin-L (PHA-L) in the developing olfactory epithelium (OE) of the barfin flounder. PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was diffuse and CR immunoreactivity was restricted at day 7, but these immunoreactivities became intense in the OE toward day 91. Crypt cells were first identified at day 56. PHA-L staining was faint at day 28, but became intense toward day 91. These findings suggest that PGP 9.5-immunopositive cells, CR-immunopositive cells, crypt cells and PHA-L-reactive cells differentiate independently in the developing OE and constitute subsets of the ORC in the OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, 3-18-8 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate 020-8550, Japan
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Schmachtenberg O, Bacigalupo J. Olfactory transduction in ciliated receptor neurons of the Cabinza grunt, Isacia conceptionis (Teleostei: Haemulidae). Eur J Neurosci 2005; 20:3378-86. [PMID: 15610170 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2004.03825.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ciliated receptor neurons of fish olfactory organs are thought to transduce amino acids through a cAMP-dependent transduction pathway, but direct physiological evidence for this hypothesis remains scarce and is confined to catfish and trout. We investigated olfactory transduction in a marine fish, the Cabinza grunt Isacia conceptionis (Perciformes, Teleostei). The olfactory epithelium was characterized using light and electron microscopy, and isolated ciliated receptor neurons were recorded with the perforated patch-clamp technique. Cells were stimulated with puffer pipettes containing amino acid odourants, IBMX plus forskolin or 8 bromo-cAMP. All three stimuli triggered transient inward currents at a holding potential of -70 mV and responses with outward-rectifying current-voltage relationships. The characteristics of the transduction currents induced by each stimulus were similar across cells and indistinguishable within the same cell, supporting the hypothesis of a cAMP pathway mediating transduction of amino acids in ciliated olfactory receptor neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Schmachtenberg
- Centro de Neurociencias de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valparaiso, Avda. Gran Bretania 1111, Playa Ancha, Valparaiso, Chile.
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Saito S, Yamamoto Y, Mori M, Amano M, Yamanome T, Taniguchi K, Yamamori K, Taniguchi K. Variety in histochemical characteristics of the olfactory receptor cells in a flatfish, barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). J Vet Med Sci 2005; 66:1409-12. [PMID: 15585956 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.66.1409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Variety in histochemical characteristics of the olfactory receptor cells (ORC) was examined by immunohistochemistry for protein gene product 9.5 (PGP9.5) and calretinin, and by lectin histochemistry with Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) in the olfactory epithelium (OE) of the barfin flounder (Verasper moseri). PGP 9.5 immunoreactivity was observed in the ORC situated in the upper three fourths of the OE. Calretinin immunoreactivity was observed in the ORC which seemed to be immunonegative for PGP 9.5. These cells were located in the upper two thirds of the OE. PHA-L staining was observed in small subsets of the ORC. PGP 9.5 and calretinin immunoreactivities and PHA-L staining were also observed in the crypt cells unique to the fish OE. These findings suggest the different properties of olfactory perception among fish ORC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shouichiro Saito
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ehime University, Japan
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Eastman JT, Lannoo MJ. Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology in hemoglobinless Antarctic icefishes (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae). J Morphol 2004; 260:117-40. [PMID: 15052601 DOI: 10.1002/jmor.10221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The Channichthyidae, one of five Antarctic notothenioid families, includes 16 species and 11 genera. Most live at depths of 200-800 m and are a major component of fish biomass in many shelf areas. Channichthyids are unique among adult fishes in possessing pale white blood containing a few vestigal erythrocytes and no hemoglobin. Here we describe the brains of seven species and special sense organs of eight species of channichthyids. We emphasize Chionodraco hamatus and C. myersi, compare these species to other channichthyids, and relate our findings to what is known about brains and sense organs of red-blooded notothenioids living sympatrically on the Antarctic shelf. Brains of channichthyids generally resemble those of their bathydraconid sister group. Among channichthyids the telencephalon is slightly regressed, resulting in a stalked appearance, but the tectum, corpus cerebellum, and mechanoreceptive areas are well developed. Interspecific variation is present but slight. The most interesting features of channichthyid brains are not in the nervous tissue but in support structures: the vasculature and the subependymal expansions show considerable elaboration. Channichthyids have large accessory nasal sacs and olfactory lamellae are more numerous than in other notothenioids. The eyes are relatively large and laterally oriented with similar duplex (cone and rod) retinae in all eight species. Twin cones are the qualitatively dominant photoreceptor in histological sections and, unlike bathydraconids, there are no species with rod-dominated retinae. Eyes possess the most extensive system of hyaloid arteries known in teleosts. Unlike the radial pattern seen in red-blooded notothenioids and most other teleosts, channichthyid hyaloid arteries arise from four or five main branches and form a closely spaced anastomosing series of parallel channels. Cephalic lateral line canals are membranous and some exhibit extensions (canaliculi), but canals are more ossified than those of deeper-living bathydraconids. We conclude that, with respect to the anatomy and histology of the neural structures, the brain and sensory systems show little that is remarkable compared to other fishes, and exhibit little diversification within the family. Thus, the unusual habitat and a potentially deleterious mutation resulting in a hemoglobinless phenotype are reflected primarily in expansion of the vasculature in the brain and eye partially compensating for the absence of respiratory pigments. Neural morphology gives the impression that channichthyids are a homogeneous and little diversified group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph T Eastman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701-2979, USA.
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