1
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Rodrigues‐Oliveira IH, Kavalco KF, Pasa R. Body shape variation in the Characid
Psalidodon rivularis
from São Francisco river, Southeast Brazil (Characiformes: Stethaprioninae). ACTA ZOOL-STOCKHOLM 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/azo.12415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karine Frehner Kavalco
- Laboratório de Genética Ecológica e Evolutiva Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba Rio Paranaíba MG Brazil
| | - Rubens Pasa
- Laboratório de Genética Ecológica e Evolutiva Universidade Federal de Viçosa Campus Rio Paranaíba Rio Paranaíba MG Brazil
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2
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Garita-Alvarado CA, Garduño-Sánchez MA, Barluenga M, Ornelas-García CP. Genetic and ecomorphological divergence between sympatric Astyanax morphs from Central America. J Evol Biol 2021; 34:1752-1766. [PMID: 34545659 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Intraspecific ecological and morphological polymorphism can promote ecological speciation and the build-up of reproductive isolation. Here, we evaluate correlations among morphology, trophic ecology and genetic differentiation between two divergent morphs (elongate and deep-body) of the fish genus Astyanax in the San Juan River basin in Central America, to infer the putative evolutionary mechanism shaping this system. We collected the two morphs from three water bodies and analysed: (1) the correlation between body shape and the shape of the premaxilla, a relevant trophic morphological structure, (2) the trophic level and niche width of each morph, (3) the correspondence between trophic level and body and premaxillary shape, and (4) the genetic differentiation between morphs using mitochondrial and nuclear markers. We found a strong correlation between the body and premaxillary shape of the morphs. The elongate-body morph had a streamlined body, a premaxilla with acuter angles and a narrower ascending process, and a higher trophic level, characteristic of species with predatorial habits. By contrast, the deep-body morph had a higher body depth, a premaxilla with less acute angles and a broader trophic niche, suggesting generalist habits. Despite the strong correlation between morphological and ecological divergence, the morphs showed limited genetic differentiation, supporting the idea that morphs may be undergoing incipient ecological speciation, although alternative scenarios such as stable polymorphism or plasticity should also be considered. This study provides support for the role of ecological factors promoting diversification in both lake and stream-dwelling freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Marco Antonio Garduño-Sánchez
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México.,Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City, México
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Departament of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Beltrán-López RG, Domínguez-Domínguez O, Piller KR, Mejía-Mojica H, Mar-Silva AF, Doadrio I. Genetic differentiation among populations of the blackfin goodea Goodea atripinnis (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae): implications for its evolutionary history. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2021; 98:1253-1266. [PMID: 33350467 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Central Mexico is characterized by a complex topography that is the result of historic and contemporary tectonic and climatic factors. These events have influenced the evolutionary history of numerous freshwater fishes in the region. Nonetheless, recent studies have shown that life-history traits and ecological characteristics of species may influence dispersal capabilities and the degree of genetic connectivity. Goodea (Cyprinodontiformes: Goodeidae) is one of the most widely distributed and environmentally tolerant genera of goodeids. In this study, the authors analysed variation in the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene to evaluate the phylogeographic relationships, genetic structure, genetic diversity and demographic history of Goodea from across its distribution range. They found low genetic differentiation and identified shared haplotypes among several regions. Geographic segregation was found in samples southwest and northeast of the Lower Lerma region, with some internal isolated groups showing phylogeographic differentiation and unique haplotypes. The AMOVA best explained genetic structure when grouped by haplogroups rather than when grouped by recognized biogeographic regions. Several regions showed null genetic diversity, raising the possibility of dispersal mediated by humans. Finally, Bayesian Skyline Plot analysis showed a population expansion for the Southwest haplogroup, except for the Armería population and sub-group II of the Northeast haplogroup. All this suggests a recent colonization of Goodea atripinnis throughout some of the biogeographic regions currently inhabited by this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Gabriela Beltrán-López
- Programa Institucional de Doctorado en Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Omar Domínguez-Domínguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
- Laboratorio Nacional de Análisis y Síntesis Ecológica para la Conservación de Recursos Genéticos de México, Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Morelia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Kyle R Piller
- Department of Biological Sciences, Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana, USA
| | - Humberto Mejía-Mojica
- Laboratorio de Ictiología, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Adán Fernando Mar-Silva
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
- Programa Institucional de Maestría en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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4
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Pedraza-Lara C, Ortiz-Herrera HS, Jones RW. A new species of crayfish of the genus Cambarellus (Decapoda: Cambaridae) from central Mexico. REV MEX BIODIVERS 2021. [DOI: 10.22201/ib.20078706e.2021.92.3150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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5
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Pérez-Rodríguez R, Esquivel-Bobadilla S, Orozco-Ruíz AM, Olivas-Hernández JL, García-De León FJ. Genetic structure and historical and contemporary gene flow of Astyanaxmexicanus in the Gulf of Mexico slope: a microsatellite-based analysis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10784. [PMID: 33665011 PMCID: PMC7916531 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Astyanax mexicanus from the river basins of the Gulf of Mexico slope are small freshwater fish that usually live in large groups in different freshwater environments. The group is considered successful due to its high capacity for dispersal and adaptation to different habitats, and the species present high morphological variability throughout their distribution in Mexico. This has produced the most extreme morphotype of the group; the hypogeous or troglobite, which has no eyes or coloration, and is probably the cause of taxonomic uncertainty in the recognition of species across the entire range. Most studies of A. mexicanus have mainly focused on cave individuals, as well as their adjacent surface locations, providing an incomplete evolutionary history, particularly in terms of factors related to dispersal and the potential corridors used, barriers to gene flow, and distribution of genetic variability. The aim of the present study is to determine the population structure and the degree and direction of genetic flow in this complex taxonomic group, incorporating geographic locations not previously included in analyses using microsatellite loci. Our aim is to contribute to the knowledge of the intricate evolutionary history of A. mexicanus throughout most of its range. Methods The present study included a set of several cave and surface locations of A. mexicanus, which have been widely sampled along the Gulf of Mexico slope, in a genetic population analysis using 10 microsatellite loci. Results Ten genetic populations or lineages were identified. In these populations, gene flow was recorded at two time periods. Historical gene flow, both inter and intra-basin, was observed among surface populations, from surface to cave populations, and among cave populations, whereas recording of contemporary gene flow was limited to intra-basin exchanges and observed among surface populations, surface to cave populations, and cave populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Pérez-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Biología Acuática, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México
| | - Sarai Esquivel-Bobadilla
- Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Adonaji Madeleine Orozco-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - José Luis Olivas-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
| | - Francisco Javier García-De León
- Laboratorio de Genética para la Conservación, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, La Paz, Baja California Sur, México
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6
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Santacruz A, Ornelas‐García CP, Pérez‐Ponce de León G. Incipient genetic divergence or cryptic speciation?
Procamallanus
(Nematoda) in freshwater fishes (
Astyanax
). ZOOL SCR 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Santacruz
- Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida Mérida México
| | | | - Gerardo Pérez‐Ponce de León
- Departamento de Zoología Instituto de Biología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Mexico City Mexico
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores unidad Mérida Mérida México
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7
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Powers AK, Garita-Alvarado CA, Rodiles-Hernández R, Berning DJ, Gross JB, Ornelas-García CP. A geographical cline in craniofacial morphology across populations of Mesoamerican lake-dwelling fishes. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY PART 2020; 333:171-180. [PMID: 31904195 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Together, the complex geological history and climatic diversity of Mesoamerica create a rich source of biodiversity from which evolutionary processes can be studied. Here, we discuss highly divergent morphs of lake-dwelling fishes distributed across Mexico and Central America, originally recognized as members of different genera (Astyanax and "Bramocharax"). Recent phylogenetic studies, however, suggest these morphs group within the same genus and readily hybridize. Despite genetic similarities, Bramocharax morphs exhibit stark differences in cranial shape and dentition. We investigated the evolution of several cranial traits that vary across morphs collected from four lakes in Mexico and Nicaragua and discovered an ecomorphological cline from northern to southern lakes. Northern populations of sympatric morphs exhibit a similar cranial shape and tooth morphology. Southern populations of Bramocharax morphs, however, showed a larger disparity in maxillary teeth, length and frequency of unicuspid teeth, an elongated snout, and a streamlined cranium compared to Astyanax morphs. This divergence of craniofacial morphology likely evolved in association with differences in trophic niches. We discuss the morphological differences across the four lake systems in terms of geological history and trophic dynamics. In summary, our study suggests that Bramocharax morphs are likely locally adapted members derived from independent Astyanax lineages, highlighting an interesting parallel evolutionary pattern within the Astyanax genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Powers
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute at Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rocío Rodiles-Hernández
- Departamento de Conservación de la Biodiversidad, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, San Cristóbal, México
| | | | | | - C Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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8
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Vanegas-Ríos JA, Britzke R, Mirande JM. Geographic variation of Moenkhausia bonita (Characiformes: Characidae) in the rio de la Plata basin, with distributional comments on M. intermedia. NEOTROPICAL ICHTHYOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-20170123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Moenkhausia bonita occurs in numerous additional localities from the Bermejo, Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay river basins. Given that this finding greatly expands the distributional range of M. bonita, we carried out an intraspecific comparison, using multivariate methods for 18 morphometric and eight meristic characters taken from a comprehensive sample of 536 specimens. All localities were distributed in four major geographic groups as follows: Bermejo, Paraná, Paraguay, and Uruguay. Results of the morphometric comparisons showed significant differences among the studied groups except between the Paraguay and Uruguay groups. Statistical differences in meristic values were found for most between-group comparisons, especially in those resulting from discriminant canonical analyses (DCA). Specimens from the Bermejo basin were the most distinct group in most morphological comparisons. However, the overall subtle differences found in body morphology likely reflect intraspecific variation within M. bonita and seem to be mainly influenced by spatial and environmental features of drainages. As M. bonita was previously identified as M. intermedia in the río de La Plata basin, distributional comments on the latter species in that basin are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo Britzke
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Brazil; Universidad Técnica de Machala, Ecuador
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9
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Garita-Alvarado CA, Barluenga M, Ornelas-García CP. Parallel evolution of morphs of Astyanax species (Teleostei: Characidae) in México and Central America. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/bly082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Garita-Alvarado
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior, México, D. F. Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior S/N. CP, México, D. F. Mexico
| | - Marta Barluenga
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, CSIC, José Gutiérrez Abascal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García
- Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de México, Tercer Circuito Exterior, México, D. F. Mexico
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10
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Ornelas‐García CP, Córdova‐Tapia F, Zambrano L, Bermúdez‐González MP, Mercado‐Silva N, Mendoza‐Garfias B, Bautista A. Trophic specialization and morphological divergence between two sympatric species in Lake Catemaco, Mexico. Ecol Evol 2018; 8:4867-4875. [PMID: 29876065 PMCID: PMC5980260 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The association of morphological divergence with ecological segregation among closely related species could be considered as a signal of divergent selection in ecological speciation processes. Environmental signals such as diet can trigger phenotypic evolution, making polymorphic species valuable systems for studying the evolution of trophic-related traits. The main goal of this study was to analyze the association between morphological differences in trophic-related traits and ecological divergence in two sympatric species, Astyanax aeneus and A. caballeroi, inhabiting Lake Catemaco, Mexico. The trophic differences of a total of 70 individuals (35 A. aeneus and 35 A. caballeroi) were examined using stable isotopes and gut content analysis; a subset of the sample was used to characterize six trophic and six ecomorphological variables. In our results, we recovered significant differences between both species in the values of stable isotopes, with higher values of δ15N for A. caballeroi than for A. aeneus. Gut content results were consistent with the stable isotope data, with a higher proportion of invertebrates in A. caballeroi (a consumption of invertebrates ten times higher than that of A. aeneus, which in turn consumed three times more vegetal material than A. caballeroi). Finally, we found significant relationship between ecomorphology and stable isotopes (r = .24, p < .01), hence, head length, preorbital length, eye diameter, and δ15N were all positively correlated; these characteristics correspond to A. caballeroi. While longer gut and gill rakers, deeper bodies, and vegetal material consumption were positively correlated and corresponded to A. aeneus. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that morphological divergence in trophic-related traits could be associated with niche partitioning, allowing the coexistence of closely related species and reducing interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernando Córdova‐Tapia
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Luis Zambrano
- Departamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - María Pamela Bermúdez‐González
- Programa Institucional de DoctoradoFacultad de Ciencias Naturales Campus UAQ‐ JuriquillaUniversidad Autónoma de Querétaro (UAQ)QuerétaroMexico
| | - Norman Mercado‐Silva
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y ConservaciónUniversidad Autónoma del Estado de MorelosCuernavacaMorelosMexico
| | - Berenit Mendoza‐Garfias
- Departamento de ZoologíaInstituto de BiologíaUniversidad Autónoma de MéxicoMexico CityMexico
| | - Amando Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la ConductaUniversidad Autónoma de TlaxcalaTlaxcala de XicohténcatlTlaxcalaMexico
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11
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Ornelas-García CP, Bautista A, Herder F, Doadrio I. Functional modularity in lake-dwelling characin fishes of Mexico. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3851. [PMID: 28951817 PMCID: PMC5611896 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Modular evolution promotes evolutionary change, allowing independent variation across morphological units. Recent studies have shown that under contrasting ecological pressures, patterns of modularity could be related to divergent evolution. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the presence of modular evolution in two sister lacustrine species, Astyanax aeneus and A. caballeroi, which are differentiated by their trophic habits. Two different datasets were analyzed: (1) skull X-rays from 73 specimens (35 A. aeneus and 38 A. caballeroi) to characterize skull variation patterns, considering both species and sex effects. For this dataset, three different modularity hypotheses were tested, previously supported in other lacustrine divergent species; (2) a complete body shape dataset was also tested for four modularity hypotheses, which included a total of 196 individuals (110 Astyanax aeneus and 86 A. caballeroi). Skull shape showed significant differences among species and sex (P < 0.001), where Astyanax caballeroi species showed an upwardly projected mandible and larger preorbital region. For the skull dataset, the modularity hypothesis ranked first included three partitioning modules. While for the complete body dataset the best ranked hypothesis included two modules (head vs the rest of the body), being significant only for A. caballeroi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Patricia Ornelas-García
- Colección Nacional de Peces, Departamento de Zoología, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico
| | - Amando Bautista
- Centro Tlaxcala de Biología de la Conducta, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala, Mexico
| | - Fabian Herder
- Sektion Ichthyologie, Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ignacio Doadrio
- Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
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12
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Schmitter-Soto JJ. A revision ofAstyanax(Characiformes: Characidae) in Central and North America, with the description of nine new species. J NAT HIST 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2017.1324050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Schmitter-Soto
- El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de Sistemática y Ecología Acuática, Chetumal, Mexico
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13
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Barreto SB, Nunes LA, da Silva AT, Jucá-Chagas R, Diniz D, Sampaio I, Schneider H, Affonso PRADM. Is Nematocharax (Actinopterygii, Characiformes) a monotypic fish genus? Genome 2016; 59:851-865. [PMID: 27608265 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2015-0166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The combination of DNA barcodes and geometric morphometrics is useful to discriminate taxonomically controversial species, providing more precise estimates of biodiversity. Therefore, our goal was to assess the genetic and morphometric diversity in Nematocharax, a controversial monotypic and sexually dimorphic genus of Neotropical fish, based on sequencing of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and morphometric analyses in seven populations of N. venustus from coastal rivers in Brazil. The average pairwise intrapopulation divergence in COI ranged from 0 to 2.2%, while the average pairwise interpopulation divergence varied from 0 to 7.5%. The neighbour-joining (NJ) tree resulted in five genetic groups (bootstrap ≥ 97%), which correspond to the five clusters delimited by the BIN System, GMYC, and bPTP, indicating that there might be at least five species (or OTUs) within Nematocharax. Morphometric differences among these genetic lineages were also identified. Apparently, sexual selection, restricted dispersal, and geographic isolation might have acted synergistically to cause the evolutionary split of populations. These data challenge the current view that Nematocharax is a monotypic genus inasmuch as evolutionarily significant units or even distinguished species were identified. Therefore, we recommend that the highly impacted coastal basins in northeastern Brazil should be prioritized in conservation plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Britto Barreto
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45206190, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena Andrade Nunes
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45206190, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - André Teixeira da Silva
- b Department of Zoology, Biosciences Institute, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Av. 24-A, 1515, Bela Vista, 13506970, Rio Claro, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Jucá-Chagas
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45206190, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Débora Diniz
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45206190, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Iracilda Sampaio
- c Coastal Studies Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Aldeia, 68600000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Horacio Schneider
- c Coastal Studies Institute, Universidade Federal do Pará, Alameda Leandro Ribeiro, s/n, Aldeia, 68600000, Bragança, Pará, Brazil
| | - Paulo Roberto Antunes de Mello Affonso
- a Department of Biological Sciences, Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Av. José Moreira Sobrinho, s/n, Jequiezinho, 45206190, Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
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