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Lostao A, Lim K, Pallarés MC, Ptak A, Marcuello C. Recent advances in sensing the inter-biomolecular interactions at the nanoscale - A comprehensive review of AFM-based force spectroscopy. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 238:124089. [PMID: 36948336 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.124089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Biomolecular interactions underpin most processes inside the cell. Hence, a precise and quantitative understanding of molecular association and dissociation events is crucial, not only from a fundamental perspective, but also for the rational design of biomolecular platforms for state-of-the-art biomedical and industrial applications. In this context, atomic force microscopy (AFM) appears as an invaluable experimental technique, allowing the measurement of the mechanical strength of biomolecular complexes to provide a quantitative characterization of their interaction properties from a single molecule perspective. In the present review, the most recent methodological advances in this field are presented with special focus on bioconjugation, immobilization and AFM tip functionalization, dynamic force spectroscopy measurements, molecular recognition imaging and theoretical modeling. We expect this work to significantly aid in grasping the principles of AFM-based force spectroscopy (AFM-FS) technique and provide the necessary tools to acquaint the type of data that can be achieved from this type of experiments. Furthermore, a critical assessment is done with other nanotechnology techniques to better visualize the future prospects of AFM-FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anabel Lostao
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain; Fundación ARAID, Aragón, Spain.
| | - KeeSiang Lim
- WPI-Nano Life Science Institute, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - María Carmen Pallarés
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain
| | - Arkadiusz Ptak
- Institute of Physics, Faculty of Materials Engineering and Technical Physics, Poznan University of Technology, Poznan 60-925, Poland
| | - Carlos Marcuello
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain; Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50018, Spain.
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Okamoto Y, Hamaguchi K, Watanabe M, Watanabe N, Umakoshi H. Characterization of Phase Separated Planar Lipid Bilayer Membrane by Fluorescence Ratio Imaging and Scanning Probe Microscope. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:770. [PMID: 36005685 PMCID: PMC9415343 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12080770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The lipid membrane forms nanodomains (rafts) and shows heterogeneous properties. These nanodomains relate to significant roles in various cell functions, and thus the analysis of the nanodomains in phase-separated lipid membranes is important to clarify the function and role of the nanodomains. However, the lipid membrane possesses small-sized nanodomains and shows a small height difference between the nanodomains and their surroundings at certain lipid compositions. In addition, nanodomain analysis sometimes requires highly sensitive and expensive apparatus, such as a two-photon microscope. These have prevented the analysis by the conventional fluorescence microscope and by the topography of the scanning probe microscope (SPM), even though these are promising methods in macroscale and microscale analysis, respectively. Therefore, this study aimed to overcome these problems in nanodomain analysis. We successfully demonstrated that solvatochromic dye, LipiORDER, could analyze the phase state of the lipid membrane at the macroscale with low magnification lenses. Furthermore, we could prove that the phase mode of SPM was effective in the visualization of specific nanodomains by properties difference as well as topographic images of SPM. Hence, this combination method successfully gave much information on the phase state at the micro/macro scale, and thus this would be applied to the analysis of heterogeneous lipid membranes.
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Mescola A, Ragazzini G, Facci P, Alessandrini A. The potential of AFM in studying the role of the nanoscale amphipathic nature of (lipo)-peptides interacting with lipid bilayers. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 33:432001. [PMID: 35830770 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ac80c9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) and lipopeptides (LPs) represent very promising molecules to fight resistant bacterial infections due to their broad-spectrum of activity, their first target, i.e. the bacterial membrane, and the rapid bactericidal action. For both types of molecules, the action mechanism starts from the membrane of the pathogen agents, producing a disorganization of their phase structure or the formation of pores of different size altering their permeability. This mechanism of action is based on physical interactions more than on a lock-and-key recognition event and it is difficult for the pathogens to rapidly develop an effective resistance. Very small differences in the sequence of both AMPs and LPs might lead to very different effects on the target membrane. Therefore, a correct understanding of their mechanism of action is required with the aim of developing new synthetic peptides, analogues of the natural ones, with specific and more powerful bactericidal activity. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), with its high resolution and the associated force spectroscopy resource, provides a valuable technique to investigate the reorganization of lipid bilayers exposed to antimicrobial or lipopeptides. Here, we present AFM results obtained by ours and other groups on the action of AMPs and LPs on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) of different composition. We also consider data obtained by fluorescence microscopy to compare the AFM data with another technique which can be used on different lipid bilayer model systems such as SLBs and giant unilamellar vesicles. The outcomes here presented highlight the powerful of AFM-based techniques in detecting nanoscale peptide-membrane interactions and strengthen their use as an exceptional complementary tool toin vivoinvestigations. Indeed, the combination of these approaches can help decipher the mechanisms of action of different antimicrobials and lipopeptides at both the micro and nanoscale levels, and to design new and more efficient antimicrobial compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Mescola
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Gregorio Ragazzini
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
| | - Paolo Facci
- CNR-Ibf, Via De Marini 6, I-16149, Genova, Italy
| | - Andrea Alessandrini
- CNR-Nanoscience Institute-S3, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
- Department of Physics, Informatics and Mathematics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Via Campi 213/A, I-41125, Modena, Italy
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Chiou PC, Hsu WW, Chang Y, Chen YF. Molecular packing of lipid membranes and action mechanisms of membrane-active peptides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 213:112384. [PMID: 35151994 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Biomembranes are involved in diverse cellular activities. How membranes and proteins interact in the activities might hinge on the former's physical characteristics, which in turn are influenced by packing of lipid molecules. Yet, the validity of this understanding and its mechanism are unclear. By varying chain saturation of membranes, we explored correlations between lipid packing and peptide-mediated membrane disruption for the antimicrobial peptide, melittin, and amyloidogenic peptide, β-amyloid (1-42). Remarkably, reducing molecular packing flexibility enhanced the membrane disruption, possibly due to a shift from membrane perforation to micellization. A theoretical analysis suggested the energetic basis of this shift. This mechanistically shows that a peptide's mechanism might be dictated not only by its intrinsic properties but also by physical characteristics of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Chiuan Chiou
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Wei Hsu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan
| | - Yung Chang
- R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Jhong-Li, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Fan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan 32001, Taiwan.
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Chen Q, Du J, Cui K, Fang W, Zhao Z, Chen Q, Mai K, Ai Q. Acetyl-CoA derived from hepatic mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation aggravates inflammation by enhancing p65 acetylation. iScience 2021; 24:103244. [PMID: 34746707 PMCID: PMC8551082 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylation coordinates many biological processes to ensure cells respond appropriately to nutrients. However, how acetylation regulates lipid surplus-induced inflammation remains poorly understood. Here, we found that a high-fat diet (HFD) enhanced mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation, which enhanced acetyl-CoA levels in the liver of the large yellow croaker. The HFD activated ACLY to govern the "citrate transport" to transfer acetyl-CoA from the mitochondria to the nucleus. Elevated acetyl-CoA activated CBP to increase p65 acetylation and then aggravated inflammation. SIRT1 was deactivated with a decline in NAD+/NADH, which further aggravated inflammation. Therefore, acetylation-dependent regulation of transcription factor activity is an adaptation to proinflammatory stimuli under nutrient stress, which was also confirmed in AML12 hepatocytes. In vitro octanoate stimulation further verified that acetyl-CoA derived from fatty acid β-oxidation mediated acetylation homeostasis in the nucleus. The broad therapeutic prospects of intermediate metabolites and acetyltransferases/deacetylases might provide critical insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianlong Du
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Zengqi Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuchi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs) & Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, 5 Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266003, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, 1 Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, People's Republic of China
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Obeid S, Guyomarc'h F. Atomic force microscopy of food assembly: Structural and mechanical insights at the nanoscale and potential opportunities from other fields. FOOD BIOSCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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The phase and charge of milk polar lipid membrane bilayers govern their selective interactions with proteins as demonstrated with casein micelles. J Colloid Interface Sci 2019; 534:279-290. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 09/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Pellequer JL, Parot P, Navajas D, Kumar S, Svetličić V, Scheuring S, Hu J, Li B, Engler A, Sousa S, Lekka M, Szymoński M, Schillers H, Odorico M, Lafont F, Janel S, Rico F. Fifteen years of Servitude et Grandeur
to the application of a biophysical technique in medicine: The tale of AFMBioMed. J Mol Recognit 2018; 32:e2773. [DOI: 10.1002/jmr.2773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel Navajas
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia and CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Departments of Bioengineering and Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; University of California, Berkeley; Berkeley California USA
| | | | - Simon Scheuring
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics; Weill Cornell Medicine; New York City New York USA
| | - Jun Hu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Bin Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
- Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shanghai China
| | - Adam Engler
- Department of Bioengineering; University of California San Diego; La Jolla California USA
| | - Susana Sousa
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica; Universidade do Porto; Porto Portugal
- ISEP-Instituto Superior de Engenharia; Politécnico do Porto; Portugal
| | - Małgorzata Lekka
- Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences; Kraków Poland
| | - Marek Szymoński
- Center for Nanometer-scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science; Jagiellonian University; Kraków Poland
| | | | - Michael Odorico
- Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM), CEA, CNRS, ENSCM, Univ Montpellier, Marcoule; Montpellier France
| | - Frank Lafont
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ Lille; Lille France
| | - Sebastien Janel
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS UMR 8204, INSERM U1019, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Univ Lille; Lille France
| | - Felix Rico
- LAI, U1067, Aix-Marseille Univ, CNRS, INSERM; Marseille France
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Casein interaction with lipid membranes: Are the phase state or charge density of the phospholipids affecting protein adsorption? BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2018; 1860:2588-2598. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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10
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Bostick CD, Mukhopadhyay S, Pecht I, Sheves M, Cahen D, Lederman D. Protein bioelectronics: a review of what we do and do not know. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2018; 81:026601. [PMID: 29303117 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/aa85f2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We review the status of protein-based molecular electronics. First, we define and discuss fundamental concepts of electron transfer and transport in and across proteins and proposed mechanisms for these processes. We then describe the immobilization of proteins to solid-state surfaces in both nanoscale and macroscopic approaches, and highlight how different methodologies can alter protein electronic properties. Because immobilizing proteins while retaining biological activity is crucial to the successful development of bioelectronic devices, we discuss this process at length. We briefly discuss computational predictions and their connection to experimental results. We then summarize how the biological activity of immobilized proteins is beneficial for bioelectronic devices, and how conductance measurements can shed light on protein properties. Finally, we consider how the research to date could influence the development of future bioelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D Bostick
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States of America. Institute for Genomic Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, United States of America
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Sarkar S, Bose D, Giri RP, Mukhopadhyay MK, Chakrabarti A. Status of Membrane Asymmetry in Erythrocytes: Role of Spectrin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1112:3-11. [PMID: 30637686 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-3065-0_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Spectrin-based proteinaceous membrane skeletal network has been found to be implicated in membrane disorders like hereditary spherocytosis (HS). HS greatly affects eryptosis via loss of membrane asymmetry which is seen to be the case in haemoglobin disorders like thalassemia and sickle cell disease as well. The biological implications of the status of membrane asymmetry are strongly correlated to spectrin interactions with aminophospholipids, e.g. PE and PS. Fluorescence and X-ray reflectivity (XRR) measurements of spectrin interactions with small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) and cushioned bilayers of phospholipids, respectively, were studied. Both the XRR and fluorescence measurements led to the characterization of spectrin orientation on the surface of lipid bilayer of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and PC/aminophospholipid mixed membrane systems showing formation of a uniform layer of spectrin on top of the mixed phospholipid bilayer. Fluorescence studies show that spectrin interacts with PC and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)/phosphatidylserine (PS) membranes with binding dissociation constants (Kd) in the nanomolar range indicating the role of spectrin in the maintenance of the overall membrane asymmetry of erythrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sauvik Sarkar
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Dipayan Bose
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Rajendra P Giri
- Surface Physics & Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Mrinmay K Mukhopadhyay
- Surface Physics & Material Science Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chakrabarti
- Crystallography & Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, HBNI, Kolkata, India.
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12
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Guyomarc’h F, Chen M, Et-Thakafy O, Zou S, Lopez C. Gel-gel phase separation within milk sphingomyelin domains revealed at the nanoscale using atomic force microscopy. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:949-958. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Takahashi K, Toyota T. Micrometer-Scale Membrane Transition of Supported Lipid Bilayer Membrane Reconstituted with Cytosol of Dictyostelium discoideum. Life (Basel) 2017; 7:life7010011. [PMID: 28272354 PMCID: PMC5370411 DOI: 10.3390/life7010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The transformation of the supported lipid bilayer (SLB) membrane by extracted cytosol from living resources, has recently drawn much attention. It enables us to address the question of whether the purified phospholipid SLB membrane, including lipids related to amoeba locomotion, which was discussed in many previous studies, exhibits membrane deformation in the presence of cytosol extracted from amoeba; Methods: In this report, a method for reconstituting a supported lipid bilayer (SLB) membrane, composed of purified phospholipids and cytosol extracted from Dictyostelium discoideum, is described. This technique is a new reconstitution method combining the artificial constitution of membranes with the reconstitution using animate cytosol (without precise purification at a molecular level), contributing to membrane deformation analysis; Results: The morphology transition of a SLB membrane composed of phosphatidylcholines, after the addition of cytosolic extract, was traced using a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope. As a result, pore formation in the SLB membrane was observed and phosphatidylinositides incorporated into the SLB membrane tended to suppress pore formation and expansion; Conclusions: The current findings imply that phosphatidylinositides have the potential to control cytoplasm activity and bind to a phosphoinositide-containing SLB membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8902, Japan.
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14
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Mechanical properties that influence antimicrobial peptide activity in lipid membranes. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2016; 100:10251-10263. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-016-7975-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Göse M, Scheffler K, Reibetanz U. Specific Uptake of Lipid-Antibody-Functionalized LbL Microcarriers by Cells. Biomacromolecules 2016; 17:3672-3682. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Göse
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kira Scheffler
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Fluorescence study of the effect of cholesterol on spectrin–aminophospholipid interactions. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2015; 44:635-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00249-015-1057-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Takahashi K, Toyota T. Autonomous buckling of micrometer-sized lipid-protein membrane patches constructed by Dictyostelium discoideum. J Biol Eng 2015; 9:3. [PMID: 25972921 PMCID: PMC4429478 DOI: 10.1186/1754-1611-9-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The cytosol of amoeba cells controls the membrane deformation during their motion in vivo. To investigate such ability of the cytosol of amoeba cell, Dictyostelium discoideum (Dictyostelium), in vitro, we used lipids extracted from Dictyostelium and commercially available phospholipids, and prepared substrate-supported lipid membrane patches on the micrometer scale by spin coating. Results We found that the spin coater holder, which has pores (pore size = 3.1 mm) of negative pressure to hold the cover glass induced the concave surface of the cover glass. The membrane lipid patches were formed at each position in the vicinity of the holder pores and their sizes were in the range of 2.7 to 3.2 × 104 μm2. After addition of the cytosol extracted from Dictyostelium to the lipid membrane patches, through time-lapse observation with a confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscope, we observed an autonomous buckling of the Dictyostelium lipid patches and localized behaviours of proteins found within. Conclusion The current method serves as the novel technique for the preparation of film patches in which the positions of patches are controlled by the holder pores without fabricating, modifying, and arranging the chemical properties of the solution components of lipids. The findings imply that lipid-binding proteins in the cytosol were adsorbed and accumulated within the Dictyostelium lipid patches, inducing the transformation of the cell-sized patch. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1754-1611-9-3) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Takahashi
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan ; Research Center for Complex Systems Biology, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro, Tokyo, 153-8902 Japan
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Göse M, Pescador P, Reibetanz U. Design of a Homogeneous Multifunctional Supported Lipid Membrane on Layer-by-Layer Coated Microcarriers. Biomacromolecules 2015; 16:757-68. [DOI: 10.1021/bm5016688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Göse
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Paula Pescador
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uta Reibetanz
- Institute for Medical Physics
and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Figueira TN, Veiga AS, Castanho MA. The interaction of antibodies with lipid membranes unraveled by fluorescence methodologies. J Mol Struct 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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20
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Lü J, Yang J, Dong M, Sahin O. Nanomechanical spectroscopy of synthetic and biological membranes. NANOSCALE 2014; 6:7604-8. [PMID: 24895687 DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02643d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
We report that atomic force microscopy based high-speed nanomechanical analysis can identify components of complex heterogeneous synthetic and biological membranes from the measured spectrum of nanomechanical properties. We have investigated phase separated ternary lipid bilayers and purple membranes of Halobacterium salinarum. The nanomechanical spectra recorded on these samples identify all membrane components, some of which are difficult to resolve in conventional phase images. This non-destructive approach can aid the design of synthetic lipid bilayers and studies lateral organization of complex heterogeneous cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhong Lü
- The Rowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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21
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Koshy C, Ziegler C. Structural insights into functional lipid-protein interactions in secondary transporters. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2014; 1850:476-87. [PMID: 24859688 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2014.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Structural evidences with functional corroborations have revealed distinct features of lipid-protein interactions especially in channels and receptors. Many membrane embedded transporters are also known to require specific lipids for their functions and for some of them cellular and biochemical data suggest tight regulation by the lipid bilayer. However, molecular details on lipid-protein interactions in transporters are sparse since lipids are either depleted from the detergent solubilized transporters in three-dimensional crystals or not readily resolved in crystal structures. Nevertheless the steady increase in the progress of transporter structure determination contributed more examples of structures with resolved lipids. SCOPE OF REVIEW This review gives an overview on transporter structures in complex with lipids reported to date and discusses commonly encountered difficulties in the identification of functionally significant lipid-protein interactions based on those structures and functional in vitro data. Recent structures provided molecular details into regulation mechanism of transporters by specific lipids. The review highlights common findings and conserved patterns for distantly related transporter families to draw a more general picture on the regulatory role of lipid-protein interactions. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Several common themes of the manner in which lipids directly influence membrane-mediated folding, oligomerization and structure stability can be found. Especially for LeuT-like fold transporters similarities in structurally resolved lipid-protein interactions suggest a common way in which transporter conformations are affected by lipids even in evolutionarily distinct transporters. Lipids appear to play an additional role as joints mechanically reinforcing the inverted repeat topology, which is a major determinant in the alternating access mechanism of secondary transporters. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE This review brings together and adds to the repertoire of knowledge on lipid-protein interactions of functional significance presented in structures of membrane transporters. Knowledge of specific lipid-binding sites and modes of lipid influence on these proteins not only accomplishes the molecular description of transport cycle further, but also sheds light into localization dependent differences of transporter function. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Structural biochemistry and biophysics of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Koshy
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Structural Biology Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Max-Planck Institute of Biophysics, Computational Structural Biology Group, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Christine Ziegler
- Max Planck Institute of Biophysics, Structural Biology Department, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
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22
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Ultrastable atomic force microscopy: improved force and positional stability. FEBS Lett 2014; 588:3621-30. [PMID: 24801176 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2014.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/18/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is an exciting technique for biophysical studies of single molecules, but its usefulness is limited by instrumental drift. We dramatically reduced positional drift by adding two lasers to track and thereby actively stabilize the tip and the surface. These lasers also enabled label-free optical images that were spatially aligned to the tip position. Finally, sub-pN force stability over 100 s was achieved by removing the gold coating from soft cantilevers. These enhancements to AFM instrumentation can immediately benefit research in biophysics and nanoscience.
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23
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Marin R, Casañas V, Pérez JA, Fabelo N, Fernandez CE, Diaz M. Oestrogens as modulators of neuronal signalosomes and brain lipid homeostasis related to protection against neurodegeneration. J Neuroendocrinol 2013; 25:1104-15. [PMID: 23795744 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 05/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oestrogens trigger several pathways at the plasma membrane that exert beneficial actions against neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Part of these actions takes place in lipid rafts, which are membrane domains with a singular protein and lipid composition. These microdomains also represent a preferential site for signalling protein complexes, or signalosomes. A plausible hypothesis is that the dynamic interaction of signalosomes with different extracellular ligands may be at the basis of neuronal maintenance against different neuropathologies. Oestrogen receptors are localised in neuronal lipid rafts, taking part of macromolecular complexes together with a voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC), and other molecules. Oestradiol binding to its receptor at this level enhances neuroprotection against amyloid-β degeneration through the activation of different signal transduction pathways, including VDAC gating modulation. Moreover, part of the stability and functionality of signalling platforms lays on the distribution of lipid hallmarks in these microstructures, which modulate membrane physicochemical properties, thus favouring molecular interactions. Interestingly, recent findings indicate a potential role of oestrogens in the preservation of neuronal membrane physiology related to lipid homeostasis. Thus, oestrogens and docosahexaenoic acid may act synergistically to stabilise brain lipid structure by regulating neuronal lipid biosynthetic pathways, suggesting that part of the neuroprotective effects elicited by oestrogens occur through mechanisms aimed at preserving lipid homeostasis. Overall, oestrogen mechanisms of neuroprotection may occur not only by its interaction with neuronal protein targets through nongenomic and genomic mechanisms, but also through its participation in membrane architecture stabilisation via 'lipostatic' mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Marin
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, University of La Laguna, La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain
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24
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Paltrinieri L, Borsari M, Battistuzzi G, Sola M, Dennison C, de Groot BL, Corni S, Bortolotti CA. How the dynamics of the metal-binding loop region controls the acid transition in cupredoxins. Biochemistry 2013; 52:7397-404. [PMID: 24063705 DOI: 10.1021/bi400860n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Many reduced cupredoxins undergo a pH-dependent structural rearrangement, triggered by protonation of the His ligand belonging to the C-terminal hydrophobic loop, usually termed the acid transition. At variance with several members of the cupredoxin family, the acid transition is not observed for azurin (AZ). We have addressed this issue by performing molecular dynamics simulations of AZ and four mutants, in which the C-terminal loop has been replaced with those of other cupredoxins or with polyalanine loops. All of the loop mutants undergo the acid transition in the pH range of 4.4-5.5. The main differences between AZ and its loop mutants are the average value of the active site solvent accessible surface area and the extent of its fluctuations with time, together with an altered structure of the water layer around the copper center. Using functional mode analysis, we found that these variations arise from changes in nonbonding interactions in the second coordination sphere of the copper center, resulting from the loop mutation. Our results strengthen the view that the dynamics at the site relevant for function and its surroundings are crucial for protein activity and for metal-containing electron transferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licia Paltrinieri
- Department of Chemical and Geological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia , via Campi 183, 41125 Modena, Italy
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25
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Barrow E, Nicola AV, Liu J. Multiscale perspectives of virus entry via endocytosis. Virol J 2013; 10:177. [PMID: 23734580 PMCID: PMC3679726 DOI: 10.1186/1743-422x-10-177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Most viruses take advantage of endocytic pathways to gain entry into host cells and initiate infections. Understanding of virus entry via endocytosis is critically important for the design of antiviral strategies. Virus entry via endocytosis is a complex process involving hundreds of cellular proteins. The entire process is dictated by events occurring at multiple time and length scales. In this review, we discuss and evaluate the available means to investigate virus endocytic entry, from both experimental and theoretical/numerical modeling fronts, and highlight the importance of multiscale features. The complexity of the process requires investigations at a systems biology level, which involves the combination of different experimental approaches, the collaboration of experimentalists and theorists across different disciplines, and the development of novel multiscale models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Barrow
- School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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26
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Alessandrini A, Seeger HM, Caramaschi T, Facci P. Dynamic force spectroscopy on supported lipid bilayers: effect of temperature and sample preparation. Biophys J 2012; 103:38-47. [PMID: 22828330 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2012.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological membranes are constantly exposed to forces. The stress-strain relation in membranes determines the behavior of many integral membrane proteins or other membrane related-proteins that show a mechanosensitive behavior. Here, we studied by force spectroscopy the behavior of supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) subjected to forces perpendicular to their plane. We measured the lipid bilayer mechanical properties and the force required for the punch-through event characteristic of atomic force spectroscopy on SLBs as a function of the interleaflet coupling. We found that for an uncoupled bilayer, the overall tip penetration occurs sequentially through the two leaflets, giving rise to two penetration events. In the case of a bilayer with coupled leaflets, penetration of the atomic force microscope tip always occurred in a single step. Considering the dependence of the jump-through force value on the tip speed, we also studied the process in the context of dynamic force spectroscopy (DFS). We performed DFS experiments by changing the temperature and cantilever spring constant, and analyzed the results in the context of the developed theories for DFS. We found that experiments performed at different temperatures and with different cantilever spring constants enabled a more effective comparison of experimental data with theory in comparison with previously published data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alessandrini
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto Nanoscienze, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
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27
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Nanoscale mechanical properties of lipid bilayers and their relevance in biomembrane organization and function. Micron 2012; 43:1212-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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28
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Alessandrini A, Viero G, Dalla Serra M, Prévost G, Facci P. γ-Hemolysin oligomeric structure and effect of its formation on supported lipid bilayers: an AFM investigation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2012; 1828:405-11. [PMID: 23036932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2012.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
γ-Hemolysins are bicomponent β-barrel pore forming toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus as water-soluble monomers, which assemble into oligomeric pores on the surface of lipid bilayers. Here, after investigating the oligomeric structure of γ-hemolysins on supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) by atomic force microscopy (AFM), we studied the effect produced by this toxin on the structure of SLBs. We found that oligomeric structures with different number of monomers can assemble on the lipid bilayer being the octameric form the stablest one. Moreover, in this membrane model we found that γ-hemolysins can form clusters of oligomers inducing a curvature in the lipid bilayer, which could probably enhance the aggressiveness of these toxins at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Alessandrini
- Centro S3, CNR-Istituto di Nanoscienze, Via Campi 213/A, 41125 Modena, Italy.
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29
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Hutchison JB, Weis RM, Dinsmore AD. Change of line tension in phase-separated vesicles upon protein binding. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2012; 28:5176-5181. [PMID: 22335608 DOI: 10.1021/la204225a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We measured the effect of a model membrane-binding protein on line tension and morphology of phase-separated lipid-bilayer vesicles. We studied giant unilamellar vesicles composed of a cholesterol/dioleoylphosphatidylcholine/palmitoylsphingomyelin mixture and a controlled mole fraction of a Ni-chelating lipid. These vesicles exhibited two coexisting fluid-phase domains at room temperature. Owing to the line tension, σ, between the two phases, the boundary between them was pulled like a purse string so that the smaller domain formed a bud. While observing the vesicles in a microscope, histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein was added, which bound to the Ni-chelating lipid. As protein bound, the vesicle shape changed and the length of the phase boundary increased. The change in morphology was attributed to a reduction of σ between the two phases because of preferential accumulation of histidine-tagged green fluorescent protein-Ni-chelating lipid clusters at the domain boundary. Greater reductions of σ were found in samples with higher concentrations of Ni-chelating lipid; this trend provided an estimate of the binding energy at the boundary, approximately k(B)T. The results show how domain boundaries can lead to an accumulation of membrane-binding proteins at their boundaries and, in turn, how proteins can alter line tension and vesicle morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime B Hutchison
- Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States
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30
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Zhong J, He D. Recent Progress in the Application of Atomic Force Microscopy for Supported Lipid Bilayers. Chemistry 2012; 18:4148-55. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201102831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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31
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Pottiez G, Ciborowski P. Elucidating protein inter- and intramolecular interacting domains using chemical cross-linking and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight/time of flight mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2012; 421:712-8. [PMID: 22226790 PMCID: PMC3287059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Among many methods used to investigate protein/protein interactions, chemical cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry remains a vital experimental approach. Mapping peptides modified by cross-linker provides clues about proteins' interacting domains. One complication is that such modification may result from intra- but not intermolecular interactions. Therefore, for overall data interpretation, a combination of results from various platforms is necessary. It is postulated that the secretory isoform of gelsolin regulates several biological processes through interactions with proteins such as actin, fibronectin, vitamin D-binding protein, and unidentified receptors on the surface of eukaryotes; it also has been shown to self-assemble eventually leading to the formation of homo-multimers. As such, it is an excellent model for this study. We used four cross-linkers with arm length ranging from 7.7 to 21.7Å and MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry as the analytical platform. Results of this study show that MALDI-based mass spectrometry generates high quality data to show lysine residues modified by cross-linkers and combined with existing data based on crystallography (Protein Data Bank, PDB) can be used to discriminate between inter- and intramolecular linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwënaël Pottiez
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Pawel Ciborowski
- Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Neuroscience, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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32
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Gözen I, Jesorka A. Instrumental Methods to Characterize Molecular Phospholipid Films on Solid Supports. Anal Chem 2012; 84:822-38. [DOI: 10.1021/ac203126f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Irep Gözen
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Aldo Jesorka
- Department of Chemical and Biological
Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden
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