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Campos L, Swanberg KM, Gajdošík M, Landheer K, Juchem C. Improvements in precision and accuracy of complex- relative to real-domain linear combination model spectral fitting not necessarily recovered by zero filling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5236. [PMID: 39138125 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Although the information obtained from in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) presents a complex-valued spectrum, spectral quantification generally employs linear combination model (LCM) fitting using the real spectrum alone. There is currently no known investigation comparing fit results obtained from LCM fitting over the full complex data versus the real data and how these results might be affected by common spectral preprocessing procedure zero filling. Here, we employ linear combination modeling of simulated and measured spectral data to examine two major ideas: first, whether use of the full complex rather than real-only data can provide improvements in quantification by linear combination modeling and, second, to what extent zero filling might influence these improvements. We examine these questions by evaluating the errors of linear combination model fits in the complex versus real domains against three classes of synthetic data: simulated Lorentzian singlets, simulated metabolite spectra excluding the baseline, and simulated metabolite spectra including measured in vivo baselines. We observed that complex fitting provides consistent improvements in fit accuracy and precision across all three data types. While zero filling obviates the accuracy and precision benefit of complex fitting for Lorentzian singlets and metabolite spectra lacking baselines, it does not necessarily do so for complex spectra including measured in vivo baselines. Overall, performing linear combination modeling in the complex domain can improve metabolite quantification accuracy relative to real fits alone. While this benefit can be similarly achieved via zero filling for some spectra with flat baselines, this is not invariably the case for all baseline types exhibited by measured in vivo data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Campos
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kelley M Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Martin Gajdošík
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
- Radiology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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2
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Qiu X, Yang J, Hu X, Li J, Zhao M, Ren F, Weng X, Edden RAE, Gao F, Wang J. Association between hearing ability and cortical morphology in the elderly: multiparametric mapping, cognitive relevance, and neurobiological underpinnings. EBioMedicine 2024; 104:105160. [PMID: 38788630 PMCID: PMC11140565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hearing impairment is a common condition in the elderly. However, a comprehensive understanding of its neural correlates is still lacking. METHODS We recruited 284 elderly adults who underwent structural MRI, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, audiometry, and cognitive assessments. Individual hearing abilities indexed by pure tone average (PTA) were correlated with multiple structural MRI-derived cortical morphological indices. For regions showing significant correlations, mediation analyses were performed to examine their role in the relationship between hearing ability and cognitive function. Finally, the correlation maps between hearing ability and cortical morphology were linked with publicly available connectomic gradient, transcriptomic, and neurotransmitter maps. FINDINGS Poorer hearing was related to cortical thickness (CT) reductions in widespread regions and gyrification index (GI) reductions in the right Area 52 and Insular Granular Complex. The GI in the right Area 52 mediated the relationship between hearing ability and executive function. This mediating effect was further modulated by glutamate and N-acetylaspartate levels in the right auditory region. The PTA-CT correlation map followed microstructural connectomic hierarchy, were related to genes involved in certain biological processes (e.g., glutamate metabolic process), cell types (e.g., excitatory neurons and astrocytes), and developmental stages (i.e., childhood to young adulthood), and covaried with dopamine receptor 1, dopamine transporter, and fluorodopa. The PTA-GI correlation map was related to 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2a. INTERPRETATION Poorer hearing is associated with cortical thinning and folding reductions, which may be engaged in the relationship between hearing impairment and cognitive decline in the elderly and have different neurobiological substrates. FUNDING See the Acknowledgements section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Qiu
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Hu
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Junle Li
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xuchu Weng
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou, China
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
| | - Jinhui Wang
- Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Brain, Cognition and Education Sciences, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China; Center for Studies of Psychological Application, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science, Guangzhou, China.
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3
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Spitta G, Gleich T, Rosenthal A, Schubert F, Aydin S, Heinz A, Buchert R, Gallinat J. Correlation of striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability with GABA level in the anterior cingulate cortex in healthy controls but not in alcohol-dependent subjects and individuals at high risk: A multimodal magnetic resonance spectroscopy and positron emission tomography study. Addict Biol 2024; 29:e13424. [PMID: 38899357 PMCID: PMC11187479 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The association of impaired dopaminergic neurotransmission with the development and maintenance of alcohol use disorder is well known. More specifically, reduced dopamine D2/3 receptors in the striatum of subjects with alcohol dependence (AD) compared to healthy controls have been found in previous studies. Furthermore, alterations of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of AD subjects have been documented in several studies. However, the interaction between cortical Glu levels and striatal dopamine D2/3 receptors has not been investigated in AD thus far. METHODS This study investigated dopamine D2/3 receptor availability via 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography (PET) and GABA as well as Glu levels via magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in 19 detoxified AD subjects, 18 healthy controls (low risk, LR) controls and 19 individuals at high risk (HR) for developing AD, carefully matched for sex, age and smoking status. RESULTS We found a significant negative correlation between GABA levels in the ACC and dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in the associative striatum of LR but not in AD or HR individuals. Contrary to our expectations, we did not observe a correlation between Glu concentrations in the ACC and striatal D2/3 receptor availability. CONCLUSIONS The results may reflect potential regulatory cortical mechanisms on mesolimbic dopamine receptors and their disruption in AD and individuals at high risk, mirroring complex neurotransmitter interactions associated with the pathogenesis of addiction. This is the first study combining 18F-fallypride PET and MRS in AD subjects and individuals at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianna Spitta
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität BerlinGermany
| | - Tobias Gleich
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität BerlinGermany
- Epilepsy‐Center Berlin‐Brandenburg, Institute for Diagnostics of EpilepsyBerlinGermany
| | - Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität BerlinGermany
| | | | - Semiha Aydin
- Physikalisch‐Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)BerlinGermany
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyCharité Campus Mitte (CCM), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität and Humboldt Universität BerlinGermany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG) Partner Site Berlin‐PotsdamBerlinGermany
| | - Ralph Buchert
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear MedicineUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐EppendorfHamburgGermany
| | - Jürgen Gallinat
- Department of Psychiatry and PsychotherapyUniversity Medical Center Hamburg‐Eppendorf (UKE)HamburgGermany
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4
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Shukla D, Goel A, Mandal PK, Joon S, Punjabi K, Arora Y, Kumar R, Mehta VS, Singh P, Maroon JC, Bansal R, Sandal K, Roy RG, Samkaria A, Sharma S, Sandhilya S, Gaur S, Parvathi S, Joshi M. Glutathione Depletion and Concomitant Elevation of Susceptibility in Patients with Parkinson's Disease: State-of-the-Art MR Spectroscopy and Neuropsychological Study. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4383-4394. [PMID: 38050970 PMCID: PMC10739611 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by extrapyramidal motor disturbances and nonmotor cognitive impairments which impact activities of daily living. Although the etiology of PD is still obscure, autopsy reports suggest that oxidative stress (OS) is one of the important factors in the pathophysiology of PD. In the current study, we have investigated the impact of OS in PD by measuring the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) levels from the substantia nigra (SN), left hippocampus (LH) and neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels from SN region. Concomitant quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) from SN and LH was also acquired from thirty-eight PD patients and 30 age-matched healthy controls (HC). Glutathione levels in the SN region decreased significantly and susceptibility increased significantly in PD compared to HC. Nonsignificant depletion of GABA was observed in the SN region. GSH levels in the LH region were depleted significantly, but LH susceptibility did not alter in the PD cohort compared to HC. Neuropsychological and physical assessment demonstrated significant impairment of cognitive functioning in PD patients compared to HC. GSH depletion was negatively correlated to motor function performance. Multivariate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis on the combined effect of GSH, GABA, and susceptibility in the SN region yielded an improved diagnostic accuracy of 86.1% compared to individual diagnostic accuracy based on GSH (65.8%), GABA (57.5%), and susceptibility (69.6%). This is the first comprehensive report in PD demonstrating significant GSH depletion as well as concomitant iron enhancement in the SN region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepika Shukla
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Anshika Goel
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Pravat K. Mandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
- Florey
Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department
of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Shallu Joon
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Khushboo Punjabi
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Yashika Arora
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Rajnish Kumar
- Department
of Neurology, Paras Hospitals, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Veer Singh Mehta
- Department
of Neurosurgery, Paras Hospitals, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Padam Singh
- Department
of Biostatistics, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Joseph C. Maroon
- Department
of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh
Medical School, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Rishu Bansal
- Department
of Neurology, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Kanika Sandal
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Rimil Guha Roy
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Avantika Samkaria
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shallu Sharma
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Sandhya Sandhilya
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - Shradha Gaur
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
| | - S. Parvathi
- Department
of Biostatistics, Medanta Medicity, Gurgaon, Haryana 122001, India
| | - Mallika Joshi
- Neuroimaging
and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory (NINS), NBRC, Gurgaon 122051, India
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5
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RAE, Stark CEL. Meta-analysis and open-source database for in vivo brain Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in health and disease. Anal Biochem 2023; 676:115227. [PMID: 37423487 PMCID: PMC10561665 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2023.115227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Proton (1H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo. Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Alyssa L Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jocelyn H Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Craig E L Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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6
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Gudmundson AT, Koo A, Virovka A, Amirault AL, Soo M, Cho JH, Oeltzschner G, Edden RA, Stark C. Meta-analysis and Open-source Database for In Vivo Brain Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Health and Disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.02.10.528046. [PMID: 37205343 PMCID: PMC10187197 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.10.528046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Proton ( 1 H) Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS) is a non-invasive tool capable of quantifying brain metabolite concentrations in vivo . Prioritization of standardization and accessibility in the field has led to the development of universal pulse sequences, methodological consensus recommendations, and the development of open-source analysis software packages. One on-going challenge is methodological validation with ground-truth data. As ground-truths are rarely available for in vivo measurements, data simulations have become an important tool. The diverse literature of metabolite measurements has made it challenging to define ranges to be used within simulations. Especially for the development of deep learning and machine learning algorithms, simulations must be able to produce accurate spectra capturing all the nuances of in vivo data. Therefore, we sought to determine the physiological ranges and relaxation rates of brain metabolites which can be used both in data simulations and as reference estimates. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we've identified relevant MRS research articles and created an open-source database containing methods, results, and other article information as a resource. Using this database, expectation values and ranges for metabolite concentrations and T 2 relaxation times are established based upon a meta-analyses of healthy and diseased brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron T. Gudmundson
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Annie Koo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Anna Virovka
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Alyssa L. Amirault
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Madelene Soo
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Jocelyn H. Cho
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Richard A.E. Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD
- F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD
| | - Craig Stark
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA
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7
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Li N, Ma W, Ren F, Li X, Li F, Zong W, Wu L, Dai Z, Hui SCN, Edden RAE, Li M, Gao F. Neurochemical and functional reorganization of the cognitive-ear link underlies cognitive impairment in presbycusis. Neuroimage 2023; 268:119861. [PMID: 36610677 PMCID: PMC10026366 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the interaction between presbycusis and cognitive impairment may be partially explained by the cognitive-ear link. However, the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms remain largely unknown. In this study, we combined magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate auditory gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) levels, intra- and inter-network functional connectivity, and their relationships with auditory and cognitive function in 51 presbycusis patients and 51 well-matched healthy controls. Our results confirmed reorganization of the cognitive-ear link in presbycusis, including decreased auditory GABA and Glu levels and aberrant functional connectivity involving auditory networks (AN) and cognitive-related networks, which were associated with reduced speech perception or cognitive impairment. Moreover, mediation analyses revealed that decreased auditory GABA levels and dysconnectivity between the AN and default mode network (DMN) mediated the association between hearing loss and impaired information processing speed in presbycusis. These findings highlight the importance of AN-DMN dysconnectivity in cognitive-ear link reorganization leading to cognitive impairment, and hearing loss may drive reorganization via decreased auditory GABA levels. Modulation of GABA neurotransmission may lead to new treatment strategies for cognitive impairment in presbycusis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Wen Ma
- Department of Otolaryngology, the Central Hospital of Jinan City, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuxin Ren
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Fuyan Li
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Zong
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China; Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lili Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongrui Dai
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muwei Li
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China.
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8
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Lea-Carnall CA, El-Deredy W, Stagg CJ, Williams SR, Trujillo-Barreto NJ. A mean-field model of glutamate and GABA synaptic dynamics for functional MRS. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119813. [PMID: 36528313 PMCID: PMC7614487 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in functional magnetic resonance spectroscopy (fMRS) have enabled the quantification of activity-dependent changes in neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo. However, the physiological basis of the large changes in GABA and glutamate observed by fMRS (>10%) over short time scales of less than a minute remain unclear as such changes cannot be accounted for by known synthesis or degradation metabolic pathways. Instead, it has been hypothesized that fMRS detects shifts in neurotransmitter concentrations as they cycle from presynaptic vesicles, where they are largely invisible, to extracellular and cytosolic pools, where they are detectable. The present paper uses a computational modelling approach to demonstrate the viability of this hypothesis. A new mean-field model of the neural mechanisms generating the fMRS signal in a cortical voxel is derived. The proposed macroscopic mean-field model is based on a microscopic description of the neurotransmitter dynamics at the level of the synapse. Specifically, GABA and glutamate are assumed to cycle between three metabolic pools: packaged in the vesicles; active in the synaptic cleft; and undergoing recycling and repackaging in the astrocytic or neuronal cytosol. Computational simulations from the model are used to generate predicted changes in GABA and glutamate concentrations in response to different types of stimuli including pain, vision, and electric current stimulation. The predicted changes in the extracellular and cytosolic pools corresponded to those reported in empirical fMRS data. Furthermore, the model predicts a selective control mechanism of the GABA/glutamate relationship, whereby inhibitory stimulation reduces both neurotransmitters, whereas excitatory stimulation increases glutamate and decreases GABA. The proposed model bridges between neural dynamics and fMRS and provides a mechanistic account for the activity-dependent changes in the glutamate and GABA fMRS signals. Lastly, these results indicate that echo-time may be an important timing parameter that can be leveraged to maximise fMRS experimental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline A Lea-Carnall
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK.
| | - Wael El-Deredy
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Valencian Graduate School and Research Network of Artificial Intelligence.; Department of Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering, Universitat de Val..ncia, Spain..
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; MRC Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen R Williams
- Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nelson J Trujillo-Barreto
- School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, UK
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9
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Nandi T, Puonti O, Clarke WT, Nettekoven C, Barron HC, Kolasinski J, Hanayik T, Hinson EL, Berrington A, Bachtiar V, Johnstone A, Winkler AM, Thielscher A, Johansen-Berg H, Stagg CJ. tDCS induced GABA change is associated with the simulated electric field in M1, an effect mediated by grey matter volume in the MRS voxel. Brain Stimul 2022; 15:1153-1162. [PMID: 35988862 PMCID: PMC7613675 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2022.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has wide ranging applications in neuro-behavioural and physiological research, and in neurological rehabilitation. However, it is currently limited by substantial inter-subject variability in responses, which may be explained, at least in part, by anatomical differences that lead to variability in the electric field (E-field) induced in the cortex. Here, we tested whether the variability in the E-field in the stimulated cortex during anodal tDCS, estimated using computational simulations, explains the variability in tDCS induced changes in GABA, a neurophysiological marker of stimulation effect. METHODS Data from five previously conducted MRS studies were combined. The anode was placed over the left primary motor cortex (M1, 3 studies, N = 24) or right temporal cortex (2 studies, N = 32), with the cathode over the contralateral supraorbital ridge. Single voxel spectroscopy was performed in a 2x2x2cm voxel under the anode in all cases. MRS data were acquired before and either during or after 1 mA tDCS using either a sLASER sequence (7T) or a MEGA-PRESS sequence (3T). sLASER MRS data were analysed using LCModel, and MEGA-PRESS using FID-A and Gannet. E-fields were simulated in a finite element model of the head, based on individual structural MR images, using SimNIBS. Separate linear mixed effects models were run for each E-field variable (mean and 95th percentile; magnitude, and components normal and tangential to grey matter surface, within the MRS voxel). The model included effects of time (pre or post tDCS), E-field, grey matter volume in the MRS voxel, and a 3-way interaction between time, E-field and grey matter volume. Additionally, we ran a permutation analysis using PALM to determine whether E-field anywhere in the brain, not just in the MRS voxel, correlated with GABA change. RESULTS In M1, higher mean E-field magnitude was associated with greater anodal tDCS-induced decreases in GABA (t(24) = 3.24, p = 0.003). Further, the association between mean E-field magnitude and GABA change was moderated by the grey matter volume in the MRS voxel (t(24) = -3.55, p = 0.002). These relationships were consistent across all E-field variables except the mean of the normal component. No significant relationship was found between tDCS-induced GABA decrease and E-field in the temporal voxel. No significant clusters were found in the whole brain analysis. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the electric field induced by tDCS within the brain is variable, and is significantly related to anodal tDCS-induced decrease in GABA, a key neurophysiological marker of stimulation. These findings strongly support individualised dosing of tDCS, at least in M1. Further studies examining E-fields in relation to other outcome measures, including behaviour, will help determine the optimal E-fields required for any desired effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tulika Nandi
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; NeuroImaging Center (NIC), Johannes Gutenberg University Medical Center, Germany.
| | - Oula Puonti
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - William T Clarke
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Caroline Nettekoven
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Helen C Barron
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Taylor Hanayik
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Emily L Hinson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Adam Berrington
- Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - Velicia Bachtiar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | | | - Anderson M Winkler
- National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, United States
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital - Amager and Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Heidi Johansen-Berg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Charlotte J Stagg
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, FMRIB, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK; Medical Research Council Brain Network Dynamics Unit, Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, UK
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10
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Rideaux R, Ehrhardt SE, Wards Y, Filmer HL, Jin J, Deelchand DK, Marjańska M, Mattingley JB, Dux PE. On the relationship between GABA+ and glutamate across the brain. Neuroimage 2022; 257:119273. [PMID: 35526748 PMCID: PMC9924060 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Equilibrium between excitation and inhibition (E/I balance) is key to healthy brain function. Conversely, disruption of normal E/I balance has been implicated in a range of central neurological pathologies. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) provides a non-invasive means of quantifying in vivo concentrations of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, which could be used as diagnostic biomarkers. Using the ratio of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters as an index of E/I balance is common practice in MRS work, but recent studies have shown inconsistent evidence for the validity of this proxy. This is underscored by the fact that different measures are often used in calculating E/I balance such as glutamate and Glx (glutamate and glutamine). Here we used a large MRS dataset obtained at ultra-high field (7 T) measured from 193 healthy young adults and focused on two brain regions - prefrontal and occipital cortex - to resolve this inconsistency. We find evidence that there is an inter-individual common ratio between GABA+ (γ-aminobutyric acid and macromolecules) and Glx in the occipital, but not prefrontal cortex. We further replicate the prefrontal result in a legacy dataset (n = 78) measured at high-field (3 T) strength. By contrast, with ultra-high field MRS data, we find extreme evidence that there is a common ratio between GABA+ and glutamate in both prefrontal and occipital cortices, which cannot be explained by participant demographics, signal quality, fractional tissue volume, or other metabolite concentrations. These results are consistent with previous electrophysiological and theoretical work supporting E/I balance. Our findings indicate that MRS-detected GABA+ and glutamate (but not Glx), are a reliable measure of E/I balance .
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rideaux
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia.
| | - Shane E Ehrhardt
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Yohan Wards
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Hannah L Filmer
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Jin Jin
- Siemens Healthcare Pty Ltd, Brisbane, Australia; Center for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Jason B Mattingley
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia; School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Paul E Dux
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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11
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Bottino F, Lucignani M, Napolitano A, Dellepiane F, Visconti E, Rossi Espagnet MC, Pasquini L. In Vivo Brain GSH: MRS Methods and Clinical Applications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091407. [PMID: 34573039 PMCID: PMC8468877 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is an important antioxidant implicated in several physiological functions, including the oxidation−reduction reaction balance and brain antioxidant defense against endogenous and exogenous toxic agents. Altered brain GSH levels may reflect inflammatory processes associated with several neurologic disorders. An accurate and reliable estimation of cerebral GSH concentrations could give a clear and thorough understanding of its metabolism within the brain, thus providing a valuable benchmark for clinical applications. In this context, we aimed to provide an overview of the different magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) technologies introduced for in vivo human brain GSH quantification both in healthy control (HC) volunteers and in subjects affected by different neurological disorders (e.g., brain tumors, and psychiatric and degenerative disorders). Additionally, we aimed to provide an exhaustive list of normal GSH concentrations within different brain areas. The definition of standard reference values for different brain areas could lead to a better interpretation of the altered GSH levels recorded in subjects with neurological disorders, with insights into the possible role of GSH as a biomarker and therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bottino
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Martina Lucignani
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Medical Physics Department, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (F.B.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-333-3214614
| | - Francesco Dellepiane
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
| | - Emiliano Visconti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Surgery and Trauma Department, Maurizio Bufalini Hospital, 47521 Cesena, Italy;
| | - Maria Camilla Rossi Espagnet
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Pasquini
- Neuroradiology Unit, NESMOS Department, Sant’Andrea Hospital, La Sapienza University, 00189 Rome, Italy; (F.D.); (M.C.R.E.); (L.P.)
- Neuroradiology Service, Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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12
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On the reproducibility of hippocampal MEGA-sLASER GABA MRS at 7T using an optimized analysis pipeline. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS, BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2021; 34:427-436. [PMID: 32865653 PMCID: PMC8154804 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-020-00879-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objectives GABA is the most important inhibitory neurotransmitter. Thus, variation in its concentration is connected to a wide variety of diseases. However, the low concentration and the overlap of more prominent resonances hamper GABA quantification using MR spectroscopy. The hippocampus plays a pivotal role in neurodegeneration. Susceptibility discontinuities in the vicinity of the hippocampus cause strong B0 inhomogeneities, impeding GABA spectroscopy. The aim of this work is to improve the reproducibility of hippocampal GABA+ MRS. Methods The GABA+/total creatine ratio in the hippocampus was measured using a MEGA-sLASER sequence at 7 Tesla. 10 young healthy volunteers participated in the study. A dedicated pre-processing approach was established. Spectral quantification was performed with Tarquin. The quantification parameters were carefully adjusted to ensure optimal quantification. Results An inter-subject coefficient of variation of the GABA+/total creatine of below 15% was achieved. Additional to spectral registration, which is essential to obtain reproducible GABA measures, eddy current compensation and additional difference artifact suppression improved the reproducibility. The mean FWHM was 23.1 Hz (0.078 ppm). Conclusion The increased spectral dispersion of ultra-high-field spectroscopy allows for reproducible spectral quantification, despite a very broad line width. The achieved reproducibility enables the routine use of hippocampal GABA spectroscopy at 7 Tesla. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s10334-020-00879-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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13
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Rideaux R, Mikkelsen M, Edden RAE. Comparison of methods for spectral alignment and signal modelling of GABA-edited MR spectroscopy data. Neuroimage 2021; 232:117900. [PMID: 33652146 PMCID: PMC8245134 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.117900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Many methods exist for aligning and quantifying magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data to measure in vivo γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). Research comparing the performance of these methods is scarce partly due to the lack of ground-truth measurements. The concentration of GABA is approximately two times higher in grey matter than in white matter. Here we use the proportion of grey matter within the MRS voxel as a proxy for ground-truth GABA concentration to compare the performance of four spectral alignment methods (i.e., retrospective frequency and phase drift correction) and six GABA signal modelling methods. We analyse a diverse dataset of 432 MEGA-PRESS scans targeting multiple brain regions and find that alignment to the creatine (Cr) signal produces GABA+ estimates that account for approximately twice as much of the variance in grey matter as the next best performing alignment method. Further, Cr alignment was the most robust, producing the fewest outliers. By contrast, all signal modelling methods, except for the single-Lorentzian model, performed similarly well. Our results suggest that variability in performance is primarily caused by differences in the zero-order phase estimated by each alignment method, rather than frequency, resulting from first-order phase offsets within subspectra. These results provide support for Cr alignment as the optimal method of processing MEGA-PRESS to quantify GABA. However, more broadly, they demonstrate a method of benchmarking quantification of in vivo metabolite concentration from other MRS sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reuben Rideaux
- Department of Psychology, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, UK.
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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14
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Deelchand DK, Marjańska M, Henry PG, Terpstra M. MEGA-PRESS of GABA+: Influences of acquisition parameters. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4199. [PMID: 31658398 PMCID: PMC7186154 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was the first molecule that was edited with MEGA-PRESS. GABA edited spectroscopy is challenged by limited selectivity of editing pulses. Coediting of resonances from macromolecules (MM) is the greatest single limitation of GABA edited spectroscopy. In this contribution, relative signal contributions from GABA, MM and homocarnosine to the total MEGA-PRESS edited signal at ~3 ppm, i.e., GABA+, are simulated at 3 tesla using several acquisition schemes. The base scheme is modeled after those currently supplied by vendors: it uses typical pulse shapes and lengths, it minimizes the first echo time (TE), and the delay between the editing pulses is kept at TE/2. Edited spectra are simulated for imperfect acquisition parameters such as incorrect frequency, larger chemical shift displacement, incorrect transmit B1 -field calibration for localization and editing pulses, and longer TE. An alternative timing scheme and longer editing pulses are also considered. Additional simulations are performed for symmetric editing around the MM frequency to suppress the MM signal. The relative influences of these acquisition parameters on the constituents of GABA+ are examined from the perspective of modern experimental designs for investigating brain GABA concentration differences in healthy and diseased humans. Other factors that influence signal contributions, such as T1 and T2 relaxation times are also considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh K Deelchand
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Pierre-Gilles Henry
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research and Department of Radiology, University of, Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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15
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Landheer K, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Magnetic resonance Spectrum simulator (MARSS), a novel software package for fast and computationally efficient basis set simulation. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4129. [PMID: 31313877 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to develop a novel software platform for the simulation of magnetic resonance spin systems, capable of simulating a large number of spatial points (1283 ) for large in vivo spin systems (up to seven coupled spins) in a time frame of the order of a few minutes. The quantum mechanical density-matrix formalism is applied, a coherence pathway filter is utilized for handling unwanted coherence pathways, and the 1D projection method, which provides a substantial reduction in computation time for a large number of spatial points, is extended to include sequences of an arbitrary number of RF pulses. The novel software package, written in MATLAB, computes a basis set of 23 different metabolites (including the two anomers of glucose, seven coupled spins) with 1283 spatial points in 26 min for a three-pulse experiment on a personal desktop computer. The simulated spectra are experimentally verified with data from both phantom and in vivo MEGA-sLASER experiments. Recommendations are provided regarding the various assumptions made when computing a basis set for in vivo MRS with respect to the number of spatial points simulated and the consideration of relaxation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kelley M Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, New York, NY, USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
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16
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Choi IY, Andronesi OC, Barker P, Bogner W, Edden RAE, Kaiser LG, Lee P, Marjańska M, Terpstra M, de Graaf RA. Spectral editing in 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy: Experts' consensus recommendations. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4411. [PMID: 32946145 PMCID: PMC8557623 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Spectral editing in in vivo 1 H-MRS provides an effective means to measure low-concentration metabolite signals that cannot be reliably measured by conventional MRS techniques due to signal overlap, for example, γ-aminobutyric acid, glutathione and D-2-hydroxyglutarate. Spectral editing strategies utilize known J-coupling relationships within the metabolite of interest to discriminate their resonances from overlying signals. This consensus recommendation paper provides a brief overview of commonly used homonuclear editing techniques and considerations for data acquisition, processing and quantification. Also, we have listed the experts' recommendations for minimum requirements to achieve adequate spectral editing and reliable quantification. These include selecting the right editing sequence, dealing with frequency drift, handling unwanted coedited resonances, spectral fitting of edited spectra, setting up multicenter clinical trials and recommending sequence parameters to be reported in publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- In-Young Choi
- Department of Neurology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Ovidiu C Andronesi
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Peter Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Wolfgang Bogner
- High-field MR Center, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, F. M. Kirby Center for Functional MRI, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Lana G Kaiser
- Henry H. Wheeler, Jr. Brain Imaging Center, University of California, Berkeley, California
| | - Phil Lee
- Department of Radiology, Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Małgorzata Marjańska
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Melissa Terpstra
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut
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17
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Koush Y, de Graaf RA, Kupers R, Dricot L, Ptito M, Behar KL, Rothman DL, Hyder F. Metabolic underpinnings of activated and deactivated cortical areas in human brain. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2021; 41:986-1000. [PMID: 33472521 PMCID: PMC8054719 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x21989186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neuroimaging with functional MRI (fMRI) identifies activated and deactivated brain regions in task-based paradigms. These patterns of (de)activation are altered in diseases, motivating research to understand their underlying biochemical/biophysical mechanisms. Essentially, it remains unknown how aerobic metabolism of glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) and excitatory-inhibitory balance of glutamatergic and GABAergic neuronal activities vary in these areas. In healthy volunteers, we investigated metabolic distinctions of activating visual cortex (VC, a task-positive area) using a visual task and deactivating posterior cingulate cortex (PCC, a task-negative area) using a cognitive task. We used fMRI-guided J-edited functional MRS (fMRS) to measure lactate, glutamate plus glutamine (Glx) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), as indicators of aerobic glycolysis and excitatory-inhibitory balance, respectively. Both lactate and Glx increased upon activating VC, but did not change upon deactivating PCC. Basal GABA was negatively correlated with BOLD responses in both brain areas, but during functional tasks GABA decreased in VC upon activation and GABA increased in PCC upon deactivation, suggesting BOLD responses in relation to baseline are impacted oppositely by task-induced inhibition. In summary, opposite relations between BOLD response and GABAergic inhibition, and increases in aerobic glycolysis and glutamatergic activity distinguish the BOLD response in (de)activated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yury Koush
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robin A de Graaf
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ron Kupers
- BRAINlab, Department of Neuroscience, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Laurence Dricot
- Institute of NeuroScience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Belgium
| | - Maurice Ptito
- School of Optometry, Université de Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kevin L Behar
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Douglas L Rothman
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Fahmeed Hyder
- Magnetic Resonance Research Center, Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a primary inhibitory neurotransmitter in the human brain. It has been shown that altered GABA concentration plays an important role in a variety of psychiatric and neurological disorders. The main purpose of this study was to propose a combination of PRESS and MEGA-PRESS acquisitions for absolute GABA quantification and to compare GABA estimations obtained using total choline (tCho), total creatine (tCr), and total N-acetyl aspartate (tNAA) as the internal concentration references with water referenced quantification. The second aim was to demonstrate the fitting approach of MEGA-PRESS spectra with QuasarX algorithm using a basis set of GABA, glutamate, glutamine, and NAA in vitro spectra. Thirteen volunteers were scanned with the MEGA-PRESS sequence at 3T. Interleaved water referencing was used for quantification, B0 drift correction and to update the carrier frequency of RF pulses in real time. Reference metabolite concentrations were acquired using a PRESS sequence with short TE (30 ms) and long TR (5000 ms). Absolute concentration were corrected for cerebrospinal fluid, gray and white matter water fractions and relaxation effects. Water referenced GABA estimations were significantly higher compared to the values obtained by metabolite references. We conclude that QuasarX algorithm together with the basis set of in vitro spectra improves reliability of GABA+ fitting. The proposed GABA quantification method with PRESS and MEGA-PRESS acquisitions enables the utilization of tCho, tCr, and tNAA as internal concentration references. The use of different concentration references have a good potential to improve the reliability of GABA estimation.
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19
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Dacko M, Lange T. Flexible MEGA editing scheme with asymmetric adiabatic pulses applied for T 2 measurement of lactate in human brain. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1160-1174. [PMID: 32975334 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A flexible MEGA editing scheme which decouples the editing efficiency from TE is proposed and the utility of asymmetric adiabatic pulses for this new technique is explored. It is demonstrated that the method enables robust T 2 measurement of lactate in healthy human brain. METHODS The proposed variation of the MEGA scheme applies editing pulses in both acquired spectra, ensuring that the difference in J-evolution of the target resonance leads to maximal signal yield in the difference spectrum for arbitrary TE. A MEGA-sLASER sequence is augmented with asymmetric adiabatic editing pulses for enhanced flexibility and immunity to B 1 + miscalibration and inhomogeneities. The technique is validated and optimized for flexible lactate editing via a simple analytical model, numerical simulations and in vitro experiments. The T 2 relaxation constant of lactate is determined in vivo via multiple-TE measurements with the proposed method and a dedicated postprocessing and quantification approach. RESULTS Asymmetric adiabatic editing pulses improve robustness and facilitate efficient J-editing in sequences or protocols with strong timing constraints. Single voxel measurements using the proposed MEGA scheme in the occipital cortex of six healthy subjects yield a relaxation constant of T 2 = 171 ± 19 ms for the methyl resonance of lactate at a field strength of 3T. CONCLUSIONS The proposed MEGA editing scheme allows for novel kinds of J-editing experiments and promises to be an asset to robust T 2 measurement of lactate and potentially other J-coupled metabolites in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Dacko
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Center for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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20
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Oeltzschner G, Zöllner HJ, Hui SCN, Mikkelsen M, Saleh MG, Tapper S, Edden RAE. Osprey: Open-source processing, reconstruction & estimation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy data. J Neurosci Methods 2020; 343:108827. [PMID: 32603810 PMCID: PMC7477913 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2020.108827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Processing and quantitative analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) data are far from standardized and require interfacing with third-party software. Here, we present Osprey, a fully integrated open-source data analysis pipeline for MRS data, with seamless integration of pre-processing, linear-combination modelling, quantification, and data visualization. NEW METHOD Osprey loads multiple common MRS data formats, performs phased-array coil combination, frequency-and phase-correction of individual transients, signal averaging and Fourier transformation. Linear combination modelling of the processed spectrum is carried out using simulated basis sets and a spline baseline. The MRS voxel is coregistered to an anatomical image, which is segmented for tissue correction and quantification is performed based upon modelling parameters and tissue segmentation. The results of each analysis step are visualized in the Osprey GUI. The analysis pipeline is demonstrated in 12 PRESS, 11 MEGA-PRESS, and 8 HERMES datasets acquired in healthy subjects. RESULTS Osprey successfully loads, processes, models, and quantifies MRS data acquired with a variety of conventional and spectral editing techniques. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHOD(S) Osprey is the first MRS software to combine uniform pre-processing, linear-combination modelling, tissue correction and quantification into a coherent ecosystem. Compared to existing compiled, often closed-source modelling software, Osprey's open-source code philosophy allows researchers to integrate state-of-the-art data processing and modelling routines, and potentially converge towards standardization of analysis. CONCLUSIONS Osprey combines robust, peer-reviewed data processing methods into a modular workflow that is easily augmented by community developers, allowing the rapid implementation of new methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States.
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Steve C N Hui
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sofie Tapper
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
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21
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Chen X, Fan X, Hu Y, Zuo C, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Holt D, Gong Q, Yang Y, Pizzagalli DA, Du F, Ongur D. Regional GABA Concentrations Modulate Inter-network Resting-state Functional Connectivity. Cereb Cortex 2020; 29:1607-1618. [PMID: 29608677 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Coordinated activity within and differential activity between large-scale neuronal networks such as the default mode network (DMN) and the control network (CN) is a critical feature of brain organization. The CN usually exhibits activations in response to cognitive tasks while the DMN shows deactivations; in addition, activity between the two networks is anti-correlated at rest. To address this issue, we used functional MRI to measure whole-brain BOLD signal during resting-state and task-evoked conditions, and MR spectroscopy (MRS) to quantify GABA and glutamate concentrations, in nodes within the DMN and CN (MPFC and DLPFC, respectively) in 19 healthy individuals at 3 Tesla. We found that GABA concentrations in the MPFC were significantly associated with DMN deactivation during a working memory task and with anti-correlation between DMN and CN at rest and during task performance, while GABA concentrations in the DLPFC weakly modulated DMN-CN anti-correlation in the opposite direction. Highlighting specificity, glutamate played a less significant role related to brain activity. These findings indicate that GABA in the MPFC is potentially involved in orchestrating between-network brain activity at rest and during task performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Xiaoying Fan
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chun Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daphne Holt
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yihong Yang
- Neuroimaging Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Programs, National Institute of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Diego A Pizzagalli
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Center For Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fei Du
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.,Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Dost Ongur
- Psychotic Disorders Division, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
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22
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Prisciandaro JJ, Mikkelsen M, Saleh MG, Edden RAE. An evaluation of the reproducibility of 1H-MRS GABA and GSH levels acquired in healthy volunteers with J-difference editing sequences at varying echo times. Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 65:109-113. [PMID: 31707293 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in J-difference-edited proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) data acquisition and processing have led to the development of Hadamard Encoding and Reconstruction of MEGA-Edited Spectroscopy (HERMES) techniques, which enable the simultaneous measurement of ɣ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the primary inhibitory amino acid neurotransmitter in the central nervous system, and of glutathione (GSH), the most abundant antioxidant in living tissue, at the commonly available magnetic field strength of 3 T. However, the reproducibility of brain levels of GABA and GSH measured across multiple scans in human subjects using HERMES remains to be established. In the present study, twelve healthy volunteers completed two consecutive HERMES scans of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) to assess the test-retest reproducibility of the technique for GABA and GSH measurements at TE = 80 ms. Eleven of the twelve participants additionally completed two consecutive MEGA-PRESS scans at TE = 120 ms, with editing pulses configured for GSH acquisition, to compare the reliability of GSH in the same voxel measured using the standard MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms. The primary findings of study were that, 1) the coefficient of variation (CV) of measuring GABA with HERMES was 16.7%, which is in agreement with the reliability we previously reported for measuring GABA using MEGA-PRESS; and 2) the reliability of measuring GSH with MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms was more than twice as high as that for measuring the antioxidant with HERMES at TE = 80 ms (CV = 7.3% vs. 19.0% respectively). These findings suggest that HERMES and MEGA-PRESS offer similar reliabilities for measuring GABA, while MEGA-PRESS at TE = 120 ms is more reliable for measuring GSH relative to HERMES at TE = 80 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of SC, Charleston, SC, United States of America.
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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23
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Hong D, Rohani Rankouhi S, Thielen JW, van Asten JJA, Norris DG. A comparison of sLASER and MEGA-sLASER using simultaneous interleaved acquisition for measuring GABA in the human brain at 7T. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0223702. [PMID: 31603925 PMCID: PMC6788718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0223702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
γ-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter, is challenging to measure using proton spectroscopy due to its relatively low concentration, J-coupling and overlapping signals from other metabolites. Currently, the prevalent methods for detecting GABA at ultrahigh field strengths (≥ 7 T) are GABA-editing and model fitting of non-editing single voxel spectra. These two acquisition approaches have their own advantages: the GABA editing approach directly measures the GABA resonance at 3 ppm, whereas the fitting approach on the non-editing spectrum allows the detection of multiple metabolites, and has an SNR advantage over longer echo time (TE) acquisitions. This study aims to compare these approaches for estimating GABA at 7 T. We use an interleaved sequence of semi-LASER (sLASER: TE = 38 ms) and MEGA-sLASER (TE = 80 ms). This simultaneous interleaved acquisition minimizes the differential effect of extraneous factors, and enables an accurate comparison of the two acquisition methods. Spectra were acquired with an 8 ml isotropic voxel at six different brain regions: anterior-cingulate cortex, dorsolateral-prefrontal cortex, motor cortex, occipital cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, and precuneus. Spectral fitting with LCModel quantified the GABA to total Cr (tCr: Creatine + Phosphocreatine) concentration ratio. After correcting the T2 relaxation time variation, GABA/tCr ratios were similar between the two acquisition approaches. GABA editing showed smaller spectral fitting error according to Cramér-Rao lower bound than the sLASER approach for all regions examined. We conclude that both acquisition methods show similar accuracy but the precision of the MEGA-editing approach is higher for GABA measurement. In addition, the 2.28 ppm GABA resonance was found to be important for estimating GABA concentration without macromolecule contamination in the GABA-edited acquisition, when utilizing spectral fitting with LCModel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghyun Hong
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | | - Jan-Willem Thielen
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jack J. A. van Asten
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David G. Norris
- Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands
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24
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Antonenko D, Thielscher A, Saturnino GB, Aydin S, Ittermann B, Grittner U, Flöel A. Towards precise brain stimulation: Is electric field simulation related to neuromodulation? Brain Stimul 2019; 12:1159-1168. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2019.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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25
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Landheer K, Schulte RF, Treacy MS, Swanberg KM, Juchem C. Theoretical description of modern1H in Vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopic pulse sequences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 51:1008-1029. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | | | - Michael S. Treacy
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Kelley M. Swanberg
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
| | - Christoph Juchem
- Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science New York New York USA
- Radiology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons New York New York USA
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26
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Li Y, Zhang CC, Kathrin Weidacker, Zhang Y, He N, Jin H, Chen W, Voon V, Edden RAE, Yan F. Investigation of anterior cingulate cortex gamma-aminobutyric acid and glutamate-glutamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:164. [PMID: 31146727 PMCID: PMC6543571 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2160-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a relatively common and disabling psychiatric disorder whose pathophysiology is incompletely understood. In this study, we utilized magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) in an effort to provide a better understanding of the role of brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate in the pathophysiology of OCD. We hypothesized that beyond the separate effects of these neurotransmitter systems, a disruption in the balance between GABA and glutamate could be particularly relevant to OCD. METHODS We obtained MRS measures of GABA and glutamate concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex from 23 adult patients with OCD and 20 sex- and age-matched healthy community volunteers. Established clinical rating scales were used to assess the severities of OCD, anxiety, and depression symptoms. Statistical analysis involved the assessment of patient-control group differences in the individual measures of GABA and glutamate, as well as in the ratio of the GABA to glutamate measures. Additionally, we explored whether differences in the MRS measures existed between two subgroups of patients formed according to the severity of their OCD symptoms. Finally, we assessed the relations of demographic and clinical variables to the MRS measures. RESULTS Patients with OCD displayed a higher estimated GABA level and a higher GABA to glutamate ratio than healthy participants, but no significant group differences were observed in the measure of glutamate. The MRS measures did not vary by subgroup and showed no correlations with demographic and clinical variables. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that GABA abnormalities within the anterior cingulate cortex contribute to the pathophysiology of OCD. The results fail to provide evidence that glutamate abnormalities alone are involved in adult OCD. Yet, it seems that a disruption in the balance between glutamate and GABA neurotransmission may have a particularly important role to play in OCD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Cheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Jin
- Department of Psychiatry, Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Valerie Voon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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27
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Menshchikov P, Manzhurtsev A, Ublinskiy M, Akhadov T, Semenova N. T
2
measurement and quantification of cerebral white and gray matter aspartate concentrations in vivo at 3T: a MEGA‐PRESS study. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:11-20. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Petr Menshchikov
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Andrei Manzhurtsev
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Maxim Ublinskiy
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Tolib Akhadov
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology Moscow Russian Federation
| | - Natalia Semenova
- Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow Russian Federation
- Clinical and Research Institute of Emergency Pediatric Surgery and Traumatology Moscow Russian Federation
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28
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Mikkelsen M, Rimbault DL, Barker PB, Bhattacharyya PK, Brix MK, Buur PF, Cecil KM, Chan KL, Chen DYT, Craven AR, Cuypers K, Dacko M, Duncan NW, Dydak U, Edmondson DA, Ende G, Ersland L, Forbes MA, Gao F, Greenhouse I, Harris AD, He N, Heba S, Hoggard N, Hsu TW, Jansen JFA, Kangarlu A, Lange T, Lebel RM, Li Y, Lin CYE, Liou JK, Lirng JF, Liu F, Long JR, Ma R, Maes C, Moreno-Ortega M, Murray SO, Noah S, Noeske R, Noseworthy MD, Oeltzschner G, Porges EC, Prisciandaro JJ, Puts NAJ, Roberts TPL, Sack M, Sailasuta N, Saleh MG, Schallmo MP, Simard N, Stoffers D, Swinnen SP, Tegenthoff M, Truong P, Wang G, Wilkinson ID, Wittsack HJ, Woods AJ, Xu H, Yan F, Zhang C, Zipunnikov V, Zöllner HJ, Edden RAE. Big GABA II: Water-referenced edited MR spectroscopy at 25 research sites. Neuroimage 2019; 191:537-548. [PMID: 30840905 PMCID: PMC6818968 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate and reliable quantification of brain metabolites measured in vivo using 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a topic of continued interest. Aside from differences in the basic approach to quantification, the quantification of metabolite data acquired at different sites and on different platforms poses an additional methodological challenge. In this study, spectrally edited γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) MRS data were analyzed and GABA levels were quantified relative to an internal tissue water reference. Data from 284 volunteers scanned across 25 research sites were collected using GABA+ (GABA + co-edited macromolecules (MM)) and MM-suppressed GABA editing. The unsuppressed water signal from the volume of interest was acquired for concentration referencing. Whole-brain T1-weighted structural images were acquired and segmented to determine gray matter, white matter and cerebrospinal fluid voxel tissue fractions. Water-referenced GABA measurements were fully corrected for tissue-dependent signal relaxation and water visibility effects. The cohort-wide coefficient of variation was 17% for the GABA + data and 29% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. The mean within-site coefficient of variation was 10% for the GABA + data and 19% for the MM-suppressed GABA data. Vendor differences contributed 53% to the total variance in the GABA + data, while the remaining variance was attributed to site- (11%) and participant-level (36%) effects. For the MM-suppressed data, 54% of the variance was attributed to site differences, while the remaining 46% was attributed to participant differences. Results from an exploratory analysis suggested that the vendor differences were related to the unsuppressed water signal acquisition. Discounting the observed vendor-specific effects, water-referenced GABA measurements exhibit similar levels of variance to creatine-referenced GABA measurements. It is concluded that quantification using internal tissue water referencing is a viable and reliable method for the quantification of in vivo GABA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Daniel L Rimbault
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pallab K Bhattacharyya
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maiken K Brix
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pieter F Buur
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Y-T Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Dacko
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - David A Edmondson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Megan A Forbes
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Fei Gao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie Heba
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Alayar Kangarlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jy-Kang Liou
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng Liu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joanna R Long
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ruoyun Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Celine Maes
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Scott O Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Noah
- Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Eric C Porges
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Markus Sack
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Napapon Sailasuta
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael-Paul Schallmo
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas Simard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Movement Control & Neuroplasticity Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Group of Biomedical Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Truong
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Adam J Woods
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Hongmin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Dhamala E, Abdelkefi I, Nguyen M, Hennessy TJ, Nadeau H, Near J. Validation of in vivo MRS measures of metabolite concentrations in the human brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4058. [PMID: 30663818 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only technique capable of non-invasively assessing metabolite concentrations in the brain. The lack of alternative methods makes validation of MRS measures challenging. The aim of this study is to assess the validity of MRS measures of human brain metabolite concentrations by comparing multiple MRS measures acquired using different MRS acquisition sequences. METHODS Single-voxel SPECIAL and MEGA-PRESS MR spectra were acquired from both the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and primary motor cortices in 15 healthy subjects. The SPECIAL spectrum, as well as both the edit-off and difference spectra of MEGA-PRESS were each analyzed in LCModel to obtain estimates of the absolute concentrations of total choline (TCh; glycerophosphocholine + phosphocholine), total creatine (TCr; creatine + phosphocreatine), N-acetylaspartate (NAA), N-acetylaspartylglutamate (NAAG), NAA + NAAG, glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), Glu + Gln, scyllo-inositol (Scyllo), myo-inositol (Ins), glutathione (GSH), γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), lactate (Lac) and aspartate (Asp). Then, having obtained up to three independent measures of each metabolite per brain region per subject, correlations between the different measures were assessed. RESULTS The degree of correlation between measures varied greatly across both the metabolites and sequences tested. As expected, metabolites with the most prominent spectral peaks (TCh, TCr, NAA + NAAG, Ins and Glu) had the most well-correlated measures between methods, while metabolites with less prominent spectral peaks (Lac, Gln, GABA, Asp, and NAAG) tended to have poorly-correlated measures between methods. Some metabolites with relatively less prominent spectral peaks (GSH, Scyllo) had fairly well-correlated measures between some methods. Combining metabolites improved the agreement between methods for measures of NAA + NAAG, but not for Glu + Gln. CONCLUSIONS Given that the ground truth for in vivo MRS measures is never known, the method proposed here provides a promising means to assess the validity of in vivo MRS measures, which has not yet been explored widely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Mavesa Nguyen
- Department of Physics, Dawson College, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - T Jay Hennessy
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Hélène Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Dawson College, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jamie Near
- Centre d'Imagerie Cérébrale, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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30
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Prescot AP, Prisciandaro JJ, Miller SR, Ingenito G, Kondo DG, Renshaw PF. Two-Dimensional Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy versus J-Editing for GABA Quantification in Human Brain: Insights from a GABA-Aminotransferase Inhibitor Study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13200. [PMID: 30181656 PMCID: PMC6123452 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31591-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolite-specific, scalar spin-spin coupling constant (J)-editing 1H MRS methods have become gold-standard for measuring brain γ-amino butyric acid (GABA) levels in human brain. Localized, two-dimensional (2D) 1H MRS technology offers an attractive alternative as it significantly alleviates the problem of severe metabolite signal overlap associated with standard 1D MRS and retains spectroscopic information for all MRS-detectable species. However, for metabolites found at low concentration, a direct, in vivo, comprehensive methods comparison is challenging and has not been reported to date. Here, we document an assessment of comparability between 2D 1H MRS and J-editing methods for measuring GABA in human brain. This clinical study is unique in that it involved chronic administration a GABA-amino transferase (AT) inhibitor (CPP-115), which induces substantial increases in brain GABA concentration, with normalization after washout. We report a qualitative and quantitative comparison between these two measurement techniques. In general, GABA concentration changes detected using J-editing were closely mirrored by the 2D 1H MRS time courses. The data presented are particularly encouraging considering recent 2D 1H MRS methodological advances are continuing to improve temporal resolution and spatial coverage for achieving whole-brain, multi-metabolite mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Prescot
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Addiction Sciences Division, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | | | | | - Douglas G Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Perry F Renshaw
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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31
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Oeltzschner G, Zöllner HJ, Jonuscheit M, Lanzman RS, Schnitzler A, Wittsack HJ. J-difference-edited MRS measures of γ-aminobutyric acid before and after acute caffeine administration. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:2356-2365. [PMID: 29752742 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to investigate potential effects of acute caffeine intake on J-difference-edited MRS measures of the primary inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHODS J-difference-edited Mescher-Garwood PRESS (MEGA-PRESS) and conventional PRESS data were acquired at 3T from voxels in the anterior cingulate and occipital area of the brain in 15 healthy subjects, before and after oral intake of a 200-mg caffeine dose. MEGA-PRESS data were analyzed with the MATLAB-based Gannet tool to estimate GABA+ macromolecule (GABA+) levels, while PRESS data were analyzed with LCModel to estimate levels of glutamate, glutamate+glutamine, N-acetylaspartate, and myo-inositol. All metabolites were quantified with respect to the internal reference compounds creatine and tissue water, and compared between the pre- and post-caffeine intake condition. RESULTS For both MRS voxels, mean GABA+ estimates did not differ before and after caffeine intake. Slightly lower estimates of myo-inositol were observed after caffeine intake in both voxels. N-acetylaspartate, glutamate, and glutamate+glutamine did not show significant differences between conditions. CONCLUSION Mean GABA+ estimates from J-difference-edited MRS in two different brain regions are not altered by acute oral administration of caffeine. These findings may increase subject recruitment efficiency for MRS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marc Jonuscheit
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Rotem S Lanzman
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Alfons Schnitzler
- Institute for Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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32
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Wyss PO, Bianchini C, Scheidegger M, Giapitzakis IA, Hock A, Fuchs A, Henning A. In vivo estimation of transverse relaxation time constant (T2
) of 17 human brain metabolites at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:452-461. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patrik O. Wyss
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
| | - Claudio Bianchini
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - Milan Scheidegger
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - Andreas Hock
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Alexander Fuchs
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Anke Henning
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering; University and ETH; Zurich Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics; Tuebingen Germany
- Institute of Physics; Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University Greifswald; Greifswald Germany
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33
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Menshchikov PE, Semenova NA, Akhadov TA, Bozhko OV, Varfolomeev SD. An Increase in Cerebral γ-Amino Butyric Acid Concentration in Children with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in the Acute Phase: 1H MRS Study. Biophysics (Nagoya-shi) 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006350917060161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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34
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Cheng CH, Niddam DM, Hsu SC, Liu CY, Tsai SY. Resting GABA concentration predicts inhibitory control during an auditory Go-Nogo task. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:3833-3841. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-5101-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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Volovyk O, Tal A. Application of phase rotation to STRESS localization scheme at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:2481-2490. [PMID: 28972290 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Application of phase rotation to the STRESS (=STEAM+PRESS) localization scheme, to shorten echo time, minimize J-coupling dephasing and estimate B1+ inhomogeneity. STRESS (=STEAM + PRESS) simultaneously refocuses and acquires the double spin echo (SE123 ) and stimulated echo (STE- ) pathways, combining PRESS-like signal with lower chemical shift displacement as in STEAM. Phase rotation effectively separates coherence pathways, allows reduction of spoiling gradients moments leading to reduction in echo time. Implementing it in STRESS allows one to individually phase-correct SE123 and STE- prior to combination. Moreover, B1+ inhomogeneity can be assessed by comparing the measured ratio of resonance intensities of SE123 and STE- pathways to the simulated one. METHODS In vivo spectra were acquired from a single voxel placed in the sensory-motor cortex of 10 healthy volunteers, using phase rotation-STRESS/PRESS/STEAM sequences at 3 T scanner. The phases of each slice-selective pulse were incremented by Δϕ1/2/3=22.5°/-45°/45°. RESULTS Phase rotation-STRESS showed quantification accuracy (% Cramer Rao lower bounds) and reproducibility (% coefficients of variation) comparable to PRESS and STEAM, in both phantoms and in vivo study. Minimal echo time achieved was 13 ms. CONCLUSION Phase rotation complements STRESS by reducing echo time, allowing processing of each pathway individually prior to addition and providing B1+ estimation in single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 79:2481-2490, 2018. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osnat Volovyk
- Chemical Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Assaf Tal
- Chemical Physics Department, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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Mikkelsen M, Barker PB, Bhattacharyya PK, Brix MK, Buur PF, Cecil KM, Chan KL, Chen DYT, Craven AR, Cuypers K, Dacko M, Duncan NW, Dydak U, Edmondson DA, Ende G, Ersland L, Gao F, Greenhouse I, Harris AD, He N, Heba S, Hoggard N, Hsu TW, Jansen JFA, Kangarlu A, Lange T, Lebel RM, Li Y, Lin CYE, Liou JK, Lirng JF, Liu F, Ma R, Maes C, Moreno-Ortega M, Murray SO, Noah S, Noeske R, Noseworthy MD, Oeltzschner G, Prisciandaro JJ, Puts NAJ, Roberts TPL, Sack M, Sailasuta N, Saleh MG, Schallmo MP, Simard N, Swinnen SP, Tegenthoff M, Truong P, Wang G, Wilkinson ID, Wittsack HJ, Xu H, Yan F, Zhang C, Zipunnikov V, Zöllner HJ, Edden RAE. Big GABA: Edited MR spectroscopy at 24 research sites. Neuroimage 2017; 159:32-45. [PMID: 28716717 PMCID: PMC5700835 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is the only biomedical imaging method that can noninvasively detect endogenous signals from the neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the human brain. Its increasing popularity has been aided by improvements in scanner hardware and acquisition methodology, as well as by broader access to pulse sequences that can selectively detect GABA, in particular J-difference spectral editing sequences. Nevertheless, implementations of GABA-edited MRS remain diverse across research sites, making comparisons between studies challenging. This large-scale multi-vendor, multi-site study seeks to better understand the factors that impact measurement outcomes of GABA-edited MRS. An international consortium of 24 research sites was formed. Data from 272 healthy adults were acquired on scanners from the three major MRI vendors and analyzed using the Gannet processing pipeline. MRS data were acquired in the medial parietal lobe with standard GABA+ and macromolecule- (MM-) suppressed GABA editing. The coefficient of variation across the entire cohort was 12% for GABA+ measurements and 28% for MM-suppressed GABA measurements. A multilevel analysis revealed that most of the variance (72%) in the GABA+ data was accounted for by differences between participants within-site, while site-level differences accounted for comparatively more variance (20%) than vendor-level differences (8%). For MM-suppressed GABA data, the variance was distributed equally between site- (50%) and participant-level (50%) differences. The findings show that GABA+ measurements exhibit strong agreement when implemented with a standard protocol. There is, however, increased variability for MM-suppressed GABA measurements that is attributed in part to differences in site-to-site data acquisition. This study's protocol establishes a framework for future methodological standardization of GABA-edited MRS, while the results provide valuable benchmarks for the MRS community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pallab K Bhattacharyya
- Imaging Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA; Radiology, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Maiken K Brix
- Department of Radiology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Pieter F Buur
- Spinoza Centre for Neuroimaging, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kim M Cecil
- Department of Radiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kimberly L Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David Y-T Chen
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Medical University Shuang Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Alexander R Craven
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Koen Cuypers
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; REVAL Rehabilitation Research Center, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Michael Dacko
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Niall W Duncan
- Brain and Consciousness Research Centre, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ulrike Dydak
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - David A Edmondson
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Gabriele Ende
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Clinical Engineering, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Fei Gao
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ian Greenhouse
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Naying He
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Stefanie Heba
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nigel Hoggard
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Tun-Wei Hsu
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alayar Kangarlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas Lange
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Yan Li
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Jy-Kang Liou
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng Liu
- New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ruoyun Ma
- School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Celine Maes
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Scott O Murray
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sean Noah
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Michael D Noseworthy
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Georg Oeltzschner
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - James J Prisciandaro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy P L Roberts
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Markus Sack
- Department of Neuroimaging, Central Institute of Mental Health, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Napapon Sailasuta
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad G Saleh
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Nicholas Simard
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Stephan P Swinnen
- Department of Kinesiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Research Institute for Neuroscience & Disease (LIND), KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martin Tegenthoff
- Department of Neurology, BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Peter Truong
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Guangbin Wang
- Shandong Medical Imaging Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Iain D Wilkinson
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hans-Jörg Wittsack
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Hongmin Xu
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuhua Yan
- Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chencheng Zhang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Vadim Zipunnikov
- Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Helge J Zöllner
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany; Institute of Clinical Neuroscience and Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F. M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Harris AD, Puts NAJ, Wijtenburg SA, Rowland LM, Mikkelsen M, Barker PB, Evans CJ, Edden RAE. Normalizing data from GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS implementations at 3 Tesla. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 42:8-15. [PMID: 28479342 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Standardization of results is an important milestone in the maturation of any truly quantitative methodology. For instance, a lack of measurement agreement across imaging platforms limits multisite studies, between-study comparisons based on the literature, and inferences based on and the generalizability of results. In GABA-edited MEGA-PRESS, two key sources of differences between implementations are: differences in editing efficiency of GABA and the degree of co-editing of macromolecules (MM). In this work, GABA editing efficiency κ and MM-co-editing μ constants are determined for three widely used MEGA-PRESS implementations (on the most common MRI platforms; GE, Philips, and Siemens) by phantom experiments. Implementation-specific κ,μ-corrections were then applied to two in vivo datasets, one consisted of 8 subject scanned on the three platforms and the other one subject scanned eight times on each platform. Manufacturer-specific κ and μ values were determined as: κGE=0.436, κSiemens=0.366 and κPhilips=0.394 and μGE=0.83, μSiemens=0.625 and μPhilips=0.75. Applying the κ,μ-correction on the Cr-referenced data decreased the coefficient of variation (CV) of the data for both in vivo data sets (multisubjects: uncorrected CV=13%, κ,μ-corrected CV=5%, single subject: uncorrected CV=23%, κ,μ-corrected CV=13%) but had no significant effect on mean GABA levels. For the water-referenced results, CV increased in the multisubject data (uncorrected CV=6.7%, κ,μ-corrected CV=14%) while it decreased in the single subject data (uncorrected CV=24%, κ,μ-corrected CV=21%) and manufacturer was a significant source of variance in the κ,μ-corrected data. Applying a correction for editing efficiency and macromolecule contamination decreases the variance between different manufacturers for creatine-referenced data, but other sources of variance remain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley D Harris
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S Andrea Wijtenburg
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura M Rowland
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Mikkelsen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA; CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Peter B Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - C John Evans
- CUBRIC, School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Richard A E Edden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA
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tDCS-Induced Modulation of GABA Levels and Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Older Adults. J Neurosci 2017; 37:4065-4073. [PMID: 28314813 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0079-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates human behavior, neuronal patterns, and metabolite concentrations, with exciting potential for neurorehabilitation. However, the understanding of tDCS-induced alterations on the neuronal level is incomplete, and conclusions from young adults, in whom the majority of studies have been conducted, cannot be easily transferred to older populations. Here, we investigated tDCS-induced effects in older adults (N = 48; age range, 50-79 years) using magnetic resonance spectroscopy to quantify GABA levels as well as resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to assess sensorimotor network strength and interhemispheric connectivity. In a randomized, counterbalanced, crossover design, we applied anodal tDCS (atDCS), cathodal tDCS (ctDCS), and sham tDCS (stDCS) over the left sensorimotor region. We observed a significant reduction of GABA levels after atDCS compared with stDCS, reflecting the preserved neuromodulatory effect of atDCS in older adults. Moreover, resting-state functional coupling was decreased during atDCS compared with stDCS, most likely indicating augmented efficiency in brain network functioning. Increased levels of interhemispheric connectivity with age were diminished by atDCS, suggesting stimulation-induced functional decoupling. Further, the magnitude of atDCS-induced local plasticity was related to baseline functional network strength. Our findings provide novel insight into the neuronal correlates underlying tDCS-induced neuronal plasticity in older adults and thus might help to develop tDCS interventions tailored to the aging brain.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) modulates human behavior, neuronal patterns, and metabolite concentrations, with exciting potential for neurorehabilitation. However, the understanding of tDCS-induced alterations on the neuronal level is incomplete, and conclusions from young adults cannot be easily transferred to older populations. We used a systematic multimodal imaging approach to investigate the neurophysiological effects of tDCS in older adults and found stimulation-induced effects on GABA levels, reflecting augmented local plasticity and functional connectivity, suggesting modulation of network efficiency. Our findings may help to reconcile some of the recent reports on the variability of tDCS-induced effects, not only implicating age as a crucial modulating factor, but detailing its specific impact on the functionality of neural networks.
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Brix MK, Ersland L, Hugdahl K, Dwyer GE, Grüner R, Noeske R, Beyer MK, Craven AR. Within- and between-session reproducibility of GABA measurements with MR spectroscopy. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 46:421-430. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maiken K. Brix
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine (K1); University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Lars Ersland
- Department of Clinical Engineering; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Kenneth Hugdahl
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Division of Psychiatry; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
| | - Gerard E. Dwyer
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Renate Grüner
- Department of Radiology; Haukeland University Hospital; Bergen Norway
- NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Physics and Technology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
| | - Ralph Noeske
- MR Applications and Workflow Development, GE Healthcare; Berlin Germany
| | - Mona K. Beyer
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Oslo University Hospital; Oslo Norway
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences; Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences; Oslo Norway
| | - Alexander R. Craven
- NORMENT - Norwegian Center for Mental Disorders Research; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology; University of Bergen; Bergen Norway
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40
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Wilke S, List J, Mekle R, Lindenberg R, Bukowski M, Ott S, Schubert F, Ittermann B, Flöel A. No Effect of Anodal Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Levels in Patients with Recurrent Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:281-290. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Skadi Wilke
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonathan List
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Mekle
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lindenberg
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Bukowski
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefanie Ott
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Schubert
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernd Ittermann
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB), Braunschweig und Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
- NeuroCure Cluster of Excellence, Charité–University Hospital, Berlin, Germany
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Tomiyasu M, Aida N, Shibasaki J, Umeda M, Murata K, Heberlein K, Brown MA, Shimizu E, Tsuji H, Obata T. In vivo estimation of gamma-aminobutyric acid levels in the neonatal brain. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3666. [PMID: 27859844 PMCID: PMC5216898 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain, and plays a key role in brain development. However, the in vivo levels of brain GABA in early life are unknown. Using edited MRS, in vivo GABA can be detected as GABA+ signal with contamination of macromolecule signals. GABA+ is evaluated as the peak ratio of GABA+/reference compound, for which creatine (Cr) or water is typically used. However, the concentrations and T1 and T2 relaxation times of these references change during development. Thus, the peak ratio comparison between neonates and children may be inaccurate. The aim of this study was to measure in vivo neonatal brain GABA+ levels, and to investigate the dependency of GABA levels on brain region and age. The basal ganglia and cerebellum of 38 neonates and 12 children were measured using GABA-edited MRS. Two different approaches were used to obtain GABA+ levels: (i) multiplying the GABA/water ratio by the water concentration; and (ii) multiplying the GABA+/Cr by the Cr concentration. Neonates exhibited significantly lower GABA+ levels compared with children in both regions, regardless of the approach employed, consistent with previous ex vivo data. A similar finding of lower GABA+/water and GABA+/Cr in neonates compared with children was observed, except for GABA+/Cr in the cerebellum. This contrasting finding resulted from significantly lower Cr concentrations in the neonate cerebellum, which were approximately 52% of those of children. In conclusion, care should be taken to consider Cr concentrations when comparing GABA+/Cr levels between different-aged subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moyoko Tomiyasu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsNational Institute of Radiological Sciences4‐9‐1 Anagawa, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8555Japan
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8670Japan
- Department of RadiologyKanagawa Children's Medical Center2‐138‐4 Mutsukawa, Minami‐kuYokohama232‐8555Japan
| | - Noriko Aida
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8670Japan
- Department of RadiologyKanagawa Children's Medical Center2‐138‐4 Mutsukawa, Minami‐kuYokohama232‐8555Japan
| | - Jun Shibasaki
- Department of NeonatologyKanagawa Children's Medical Center2‐138‐4 Mutsukawa, Minami‐kuYokohama232‐8555Japan
| | - Masahiro Umeda
- Medical MR CenterMeiji University of Integrative MedicineHiyoshi, NantanKyoto629‐0392Japan
| | - Katsutoshi Murata
- Imaging and Therapy System DivisionSiemens Japan1‐11‐1 Osaki, ShinagawaTokyo141‐8644Japan
| | - Keith Heberlein
- Biomedical Imaging Technology CenterBurlingtonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Mark A. Brown
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA209 Gregson DriveCaryNorth Carolina27511USA
| | - Eiji Shimizu
- Research Center for Child Mental DevelopmentChiba University1‐8‐1 Inohana, Chuo‐kuChiba260‐8670Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsNational Institute of Radiological Sciences4‐9‐1 Anagawa, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8555Japan
| | - Takayuki Obata
- Department of Molecular Imaging and TheranosticsNational Institute of Radiological Sciences4‐9‐1 Anagawa, Inage‐kuChiba263‐8555Japan
- Department of RadiologyKanagawa Children's Medical Center2‐138‐4 Mutsukawa, Minami‐kuYokohama232‐8555Japan
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Landheer K, Schulte R, Geraghty B, Hanstock C, Chen AP, Cunningham CH, Graham SJ. Diffusion-weighted J-resolved spectroscopy. Magn Reson Med 2016; 78:1235-1245. [PMID: 27797114 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a novel diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance spectroscopy (DW-MRS) technique in conjunction with J-resolved spatially localized spectroscopy (JPRESS) to measure the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of brain metabolites beyond N-acetylaspartic acid (NAA), creatine (Cr), and choline (Cho) at 3T. This technique will be useful to probe tissue microstructures in vivo, as the various metabolites have different physiological characteristics. METHODS Two JPRESS spectra were collected (high b-value and low b-value), and the ADCs of 16 different metabolites were estimated. Two analysis pipelines were developed: 1) a 2D pipeline that uses ProFit software to extract ADCs from metabolites not typically accessible at 3T and 2) a 1D pipeline that uses TARQUIN software to extract the metabolite concentrations from each line in the 2D dataset, allowing for scaling as well as validation. RESULTS The ADCs of 16 different metabolites were estimated from within six subjects in parietal white matter. There was excellent agreement between the results obtained from the 1D and 2D pipelines for NAA, Cr, and Cho. CONCLUSION The proposed technique provided consistent estimates for the ADCs of NAA, Cr, Cho, glutamate + glutamine, and myo-inositol in all subjects and additionally glutathione and scyllo-inositol in all but one subject. Magn Reson Med 78:1235-1245, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Landheer
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Ben Geraghty
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christopher Hanstock
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Charles H Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Simon J Graham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Reproducibility of macromolecule suppressed GABA measurement using motion and shim navigated MEGA-SPECIAL with LCModel, jMRUI and GANNET. MAGNETIC RESONANCE MATERIALS IN PHYSICS BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2016; 29:863-874. [PMID: 27393351 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-016-0578-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Measuring the pure form of GABA has become increasingly important because of its association with behaviour and certain pathologies. The aim of this study was to assess the reproducibility of GABA measurements using a shim and motion navigated MEGA-SPECIAL sequence with LCModel, jMRUI and GANNET software. MATERIALS AND METHODS Motion and shim navigated MEGA-SPECIAL scans were acquired in 20 healthy subjects. Two acquisitions were performed for each of two regions: the anterior cingulate (ACC) and medial-parietal (PAR) cortices. Absolute GABA concentration ([Formula: see text]) and GABA-to-Creatine ratio (GABA/Cr) were quantified using the three software packages. RESULTS Using the within-subject coefficient of variation (CVws) as an index, reproducibility for both GABAH20 and GABA/Cr ranged from 13 to 22 % in the ACC and 13 to 18 % in PAR using the three software packages. CONCLUSION Based on CVws, GABA concentrations in both the ACC and PAR are reproducible using a shim and motion navigated MEGA-SPECIAL sequence with any of the three software packages, thus demonstrating the ability to quantify the pure form of GABA using these software in studies relating GABA to pathology and healthy behaviour.
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Spiegelhalder K, Regen W, Nissen C, Feige B, Baglioni C, Riemann D, Hennig J, Lange T. Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Patients with Insomnia: A Repeated Measurement Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156771. [PMID: 27285311 PMCID: PMC4902218 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic insomnia is one of the most prevalent central nervous system disorders. It is characterized by increased arousal levels, however, the neurobiological causes and correlates of hyperarousal in insomnia remain to be further determined. In the current study, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used in the morning and evening in a well-characterized sample of 20 primary insomnia patients (12 females; 8 males; 42.7 ± 13.4 years) and 20 healthy good sleepers (12 females; 8 males; 44.1 ± 10.6 years). The most important inhibitory and excitatory neurotransmitters of the central nervous system, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate/glutamine (Glx), were assessed in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). The primary hypothesis, a diurnal effect on GABA levels in patients with insomnia, could not be confirmed. Moreover, the current results did not support previous findings of altered GABA levels in individuals with insomnia. Exploratory analyses, however, suggested that GABA levels in the ACC may be positively associated with habitual sleep duration, and, thus, reduced GABA levels may be a trait marker of objective sleep disturbances. Moreover, there was a significant GROUP x MEASUREMENT TIME interaction effect on Glx in the DLPFC with increasing Glx levels across the day in the patients but not in the control group. Therefore, Glx levels may reflect hyperarousal at bedtime in those with insomnia. Future confirmatory studies should include larger sample sizes to investigate brain metabolites in different subgroups of insomnia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Spiegelhalder
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Wolfram Regen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nissen
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Feige
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Baglioni
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dieter Riemann
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychophysiology, Center for Mental Disorders, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Lange
- Freiburg Institute of Advanced Studies (FRIAS), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Radiology, Medical Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Grewal M, Dabas A, Saharan S, Barker PB, Edden RAE, Mandal PK. GABA quantitation using MEGA-PRESS: Regional and hemispheric differences. J Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 44:1619-1623. [PMID: 27264205 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To measure in vivo brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) concentrations, and assess regional and hemispheric differences, using MR spectroscopy (1 H-MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS GABA concentrations were measured bilaterally in the frontal cortex (FC), parietal cortex (PC), and occipital cortex (OC) of 21 healthy young subjects (age range 20-29 years) using 3 Tesla Philips scanner. A univariate general linear model analysis was carried out to assess the effect of region and hemisphere as well as their interaction on GABA concentrations while controlling for sex and gray matter differences. RESULTS Results indicated a significant regional dependence of GABA levels [F(2,89) = 11.725, P < 0.001, ηp2 = .209] with lower concentrations in the FC compared with both PC (P < 0.001) and OC (P < 0.001) regions. There was no significant hemispheric differences in GABA levels [F(1,89) = .172; P = 0.679; ηp2 = .002]. CONCLUSION This study reports the concentrations of GABA in the FC, PC, and OC brain regions of healthy young adults. GABA distribution exhibits hemispheric symmetry, but varies across regions; GABA levels in the FC are lower than those in the PC and OC. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2016;44:1619-1623.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Grewal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Aroma Dabas
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Sumiti Saharan
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India
| | - Peter B Barker
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pravat K Mandal
- Neuroimaging and Neurospectroscopy Laboratory, National Brain Research Centre, Gurgaon, India.,The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Use of quantitative brain water imaging as concentration reference for J-edited MR spectroscopy of GABA. Magn Reson Imaging 2016; 34:1057-63. [PMID: 27109486 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2016.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare two different methods of obtaining the water reference for determination of quantitative water-scaled in vivo concentration estimates of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA). METHODS Water-scaled GABA estimates from localized J-difference edited MR spectroscopy experiments can be computed using standard values for tissue-specific water content and relaxation times. Water content and relaxation may, however, be altered in pathology. This work re-analyzed data from a recent study in healthy controls and patients with minimal (mHE) or grade I (HE 1) hepatic encephalopathy, a disease associated with slight elevation of brain water content. J-difference edited MR spectroscopy data were combined with quantitative brain water measures, which provided individual water density references and T1 relaxation times. Resulting GABA estimates were compared to concentration values obtained using standard tissue-specific water content and relaxation values. RESULTS Occipital GABA concentration values obtained from individual water and T1 maps were 1.64±0.35mM in controls, and significantly higher (P<0.01) than in mHE (1.15±0.28mM) and HE 1 patients (1.18±0.09mM). Results from the tissue-dependent approach (1.58±0.30mM (controls), 1.10±0.27mM (mHE) and 1.12±0.12mM (HE 1)) were slightly lower (P<0.05 in each group). CONCLUSION Water-scaled in vivo GABA estimates can be obtained with individual water density and T1 relaxation mapping. This approach may be useful for studying GABA levels in pathologies with substantial brain water content or relaxation changes.
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Tsai SY, Fang CH, Wu TY, Lin YR. Effects of Frequency Drift on the Quantification of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid Using MEGA-PRESS. Sci Rep 2016; 6:24564. [PMID: 27079873 PMCID: PMC4832206 DOI: 10.1038/srep24564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The MEGA-PRESS method is the most common method used to measure γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain at 3T. It has been shown that the underestimation of the GABA signal due to B0 drift up to 1.22 Hz/min can be reduced by post-frequency alignment. In this study, we show that the underestimation of GABA can still occur even with post frequency alignment when the B0 drift is up to 3.93 Hz/min. The underestimation can be reduced by applying a frequency shift threshold. A total of 23 subjects were scanned twice to assess the short-term reproducibility, and 14 of them were scanned again after 2–8 weeks to evaluate the long-term reproducibility. A linear regression analysis of the quantified GABA versus the frequency shift showed a negative correlation (P < 0.01). Underestimation of the GABA signal was found. When a frequency shift threshold of 0.125 ppm (15.5 Hz or 1.79 Hz/min) was applied, the linear regression showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Therefore, a frequency shift threshold at 0.125 ppm (15.5 Hz) can be used to reduce underestimation during GABA quantification. For data with a B0 drift up to 3.93 Hz/min, the coefficients of variance of short-term and long-term reproducibility for the GABA quantification were less than 10% when the frequency threshold was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yueh Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Applied Physics, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center for Mind, Brain and Learning, National Chengchi University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Fang
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Thai-Yu Wu
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lin
- Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan
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48
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Chan KL, Puts NAJ, Snoussi K, Harris AD, Barker PB, Edden RAE. Echo time optimization for J-difference editing of glutathione at 3T. Magn Reson Med 2016; 77:498-504. [PMID: 26918659 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the echo time (TE) dependence of J-difference editing of glutathione and to determine the optimal TE for in vivo measurements at 3T. METHODS Spatially resolved density-matrix simulations and phantom experiments were performed at a range of TEs to establish the spatial and TE modulation of glutathione signals in editing-on, editing-off, and difference spectra at 3T. In vivo data were acquired in five healthy subjects to compare a TE of 68 ms and a TE of 120 ms. At the longer TE, high-bandwidth, frequency-modulated, slice-selective refocusing pulses were also compared with conventional amplitude-modulated pulses. RESULTS Simulations and relaxation-corrected phantom experiments suggest that the maximum edited signal occurs at TE 160 ms, ignoring transverse relaxation. Considering in vivo T2 relaxation times of 67-89 ms, the optimal in vivo TE is estimated to be 120 ms. In vivo measurements showed that this TE yielded 15% more signal than TE 68 ms. A further gain of 57% resulted from using improved slice-selective refocusing pulses. CONCLUSION J-difference editing of glutathione using TE 120 ms delivers increased signal due to improved editing efficiency that more than offsets T2 losses. The additional TE also allows for use of improved slice-selective refocusing pulses, which results in additional signal gains. Magn Reson Med 77:498-504, 2017. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly L Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicolaas A J Puts
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Karim Snoussi
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ashley D Harris
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard A E Edden
- F. M. Kirby Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Balz J, Keil J, Roa Romero Y, Mekle R, Schubert F, Aydin S, Ittermann B, Gallinat J, Senkowski D. GABA concentration in superior temporal sulcus predicts gamma power and perception in the sound-induced flash illusion. Neuroimage 2016; 125:724-730. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.10.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Lin Y, Lin L, Wei Z, Zhong J, Chen Z. Localized one-dimensional single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy without J coupling modulations. Magn Reson Med 2015; 76:1661-1667. [PMID: 26667321 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To acquire single voxel localized one-dimensional 1 H magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) without J coupling modulations, free from amplitude and phase distortions. METHODS A pulse sequence, named PRESSIR, is developed for volume localized MRS without J modulations at arbitrary echo time (TE). The J coupling evolution is suppressed by the J-refocused module that uses a 90° pulse at the midpoint of a double spin echo. RESULTS The localization performance of the PRESSIR sequence was tested with a two-compartment phantom. The proposed sequence shows similar voxel localization accuracy as PRESS. Both PRESSIR and PRESS sequences were performed on MRS brain phantom and pig brain tissue. PRESS spectra suffer from amplitude and phase distortions due to J modulations, especially under moderate and long TEs, while PRESSIR spectra are almost free from distortions. CONCLUSION The PRESSIR sequence proposed herein enables the acquisition of single voxel in-phase MRS within a single scan. It allows an enhanced signal intensity of J coupling metabolites and reducing undesired broad resonances with short T2s while suppressing J modulations. Moreover, it provides an approach for direct measurement of nonoverlapping J coupling peaks and of transverse relaxation times T2s. Magn Reson Med 76:1661-1667, 2016. © 2015 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Liangjie Lin
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhiliang Wei
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jianhui Zhong
- Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering and State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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