1
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Amoah E, Kulyk DS, Callam CS, Hadad CM, Badu-Tawiah AK. Mass Spectrometry Approach for Differentiation of Positional Isomers of Saccharides: Toward Direct Analysis of Rare Sugars. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5635-5642. [PMID: 36947664 PMCID: PMC10696529 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c05375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
Rare sugars have gained popularity in recent years due to their use in antiaging treatments, their ability to sweeten with few calories, and their ability to heal infections. Rare sugars are found in small quantities in nature, and they exist typically as isomeric forms of traditional sugars, rendering some challenges in their isolation, synthesis, and characterization. In this work, we present the first direct mass spectrometric approach for differentiating structural isomers of sucrose that differ only by their glycosidic linkages. The method employed a noncontact nanoelectrospray (nESI) platform capable of analyzing minuscule volumes (5 μL) of saccharides via the formation of halide adducts ([M+X]-; X = Cl and Br). Tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the five structural isomers of sucrose afforded diagnostic fragment ions that can be used to distinguish each isomer. Detailed mechanisms showcasing the distinct fragmentation pattern for each isomer are discussed. The method was applied to characterize and confirm the presence of all five selected rare sugars in raw honey complex samples. Aside from the five natural α isomers of sucrose, the method was also suitable for differentiating some β isomers of the same glycosidic linkages, provided the monomeric sugar units are different. The halide adduct formation via the noncontact nESI source was also proven to be effective for oligosaccharides such as raffinose, β-cyclodextrin, and maltoheptaose. The results from this study encourage the future development of methods that function with simple operation to enable straightforward characterization of small quantities of rare sugars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enoch Amoah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Dmytro S. Kulyk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher S. Callam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Christopher M. Hadad
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Abraham K. Badu-Tawiah
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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2
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Smith P, Curry TM, Yang JY, Barnes WJ, Ziegler SJ, Mittal A, Moremen KW, York WS, Bomble YJ, Peña MJ, Urbanowicz BR. Enzymatic Synthesis of Xylan Microparticles with Tunable Morphologies. ACS MATERIALS AU 2022; 2:440-452. [PMID: 35856073 PMCID: PMC9284610 DOI: 10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Xylans are a diverse family of hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in abundance within the cell walls of nearly all flowering plants. Unfortunately, naturally occurring xylans are highly heterogeneous, limiting studies of their synthesis and structure-function relationships. Here, we demonstrate that xylan synthase 1 from the charophyte alga Klebsormidium flaccidum is a powerful biocatalytic tool for the bottom-up synthesis of pure β-1,4 xylan polymers that self-assemble into microparticles in vitro. Using uridine diphosphate-xylose (UDP-xylose) and defined saccharide primers as substrates, we demonstrate that the shape, composition, and properties of the self-assembling xylan microparticles could be readily controlled via the fine structure of the xylan oligosaccharide primer used to initiate polymer elongation. Furthermore, we highlight two approaches for bottom-up and surface functionalization of xylan microparticles with chemical probes and explore the susceptibility of xylan microparticles to enzymatic hydrolysis. Together, these results provide a useful platform for structural and functional studies of xylans to investigate cell wall biosynthesis and polymer-polymer interactions and suggest possible routes to new biobased materials with favorable properties for biomedical and renewable applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter
J. Smith
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States,Bioscience
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Thomas M. Curry
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - Jeong-Yeh Yang
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - William J. Barnes
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Samantha J. Ziegler
- Bioscience
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ashutosh Mittal
- Bioscience
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Kelley W. Moremen
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States
| | - William S. York
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Yannick J. Bomble
- Bioscience
Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 16253 Denver West Parkway, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Maria J. Peña
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States
| | - Breeanna R. Urbanowicz
- Complex
Carbohydrate Research Center, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United
States,Department
of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Georgia, 315 Riverbend
Road, Athens, Georgia 30602, United States,. Tel: +1 706-542-4419. Fax: +1 706-542-4412
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3
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Zhao H, Zhao H, Wang J, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhang R. The local electric field effect of onion-like carbon nanoparticles for improved laser desorption/ionization efficiency of saccharides. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 211:112321. [PMID: 35032850 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
It is still a challenge to improve ionization efficiency of saccharides in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Herein, the highly curved onion-like carbon nanoparticles (OCS) were synthesized from the low-price candle raw via a facile strategy. The unique nanostructure of OCS showed large surface area with plentiful mesoporous architecture, highly curved sp2 carbon with regulating electronic effect, and good hydrophilicity, which could be beneficial to facilitate the desorption and ionization efficiency in MS process. The prepared OCS material as MALDI matrix exhibited the superior performance for the detection of xylose, glucose, maltose monohydrate, and raffinose pentahydrate in positive-ion mode with low background noise, enhanced ion intensities, uniform distribution, excellent reproducibility, good salt-tolerance, and high sensitivity compared to control candle soot (CS) and traditional α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (CHCA) matrices. This highly effective LDI of OCS matrix was attributed to its enhancing local electric field effect, strong UV absorption ability, and high photo-thermal conversion performance. Furthermore, the OCS-assisted LDI MS approach was employed to quantitatively detect glucose in rat serum. This LDI MS platform may have valuable for the analysis of metabolites in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Huayu Zhao
- The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China
| | - Yulong Liu
- The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion, Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Taiyuan 030001, China.
| | - Ruiping Zhang
- The Third Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Taiyuan 030032, China.
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4
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Lv Y, Qin X, Hu K, Huang Y, Zhao S. Hybrid MoS 2/g-C 3N 4-assisted LDI mass spectrometry for rapid detection of small molecules and polyethylene glycols and direct determination of uric acid in complicated biological samples. Mikrochim Acta 2021; 188:5. [PMID: 33389155 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-020-04675-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
A novel matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometric method (MALDI-TOF MS) for determination of highly sensitive small molecular compounds was developed based on molybdenum disulfide nanosheets hybridized with ultrathin graphitic carbon nitride (MoS2/g-C3N4) as the matrix. With this approach, the synergistic effects of MoS2 and g-C3N4 enhance the UV absorption of MoS2/g-C3N4, increase both desorption and ionization efficiency in LDI MS, and induce higher signal-to-noise ratio of analytes when compared with the bare MoS2 and g-C3N4 matrix in the determination of amino acids, antibiotics, neutral oligosaccharides, uric acid, and polyethylene glycols (PEGs). The detection limits of these small molecular compounds are in the ranges 0.1 to 10 μg mL-1, 1*10-3 to 1.0 μg mL-1, 1.0 to 10 μg mL-1, and 2*10-4 μg mL-1, respectively, and the polydispersity index of these PEGs is less than 1.02. Moreover, high salt tolera`nce and homogeneous deposition on the spot results in good reproducibility. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) of shot-to-shot and spot-to-spot (n = 15) of these compounds are less than 10.1% and 12.5%, respectively. With MoS2/g-C3N4, the uric acid in complicated biological samples can be directly determined in combination with LDI-TOF MS. We synthesized MoS2/g-C3N4 nanohybrid as an efficient matrix for MALDI-TOF MS analysis of small molecules as well as quantitative detection of uric acid in human urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanxia Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohuan Qin
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yong Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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5
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Wang XN, Tang W, Gordon A, Wang HY, Xu L, Li P, Li B. Porous TiO 2 Film Immobilized with Gold Nanoparticles for Dual-Polarity SALDI MS Detection and Imaging. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:42567-42575. [PMID: 32852188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization (SALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) has become an attractive complementary approach to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) MS. SALDI MS has great potential for the detection of small molecules because of the absence of applied matrix. In this work, a functionalized porous TiO2 film immobilized with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs-FPTDF) was prepared to enhance SALDI MS performance. The porous TiO2 films were prepared by the facile sol-gel method and chemically functionalized for dense loading of AuNPs. The prepared AuNPs-FPTDF showed superior performance in the detection and imaging of small molecules in dual-polarity modes, with high detection sensitivity in the low pmol range, good repeatability, and low background noise compared to common organic MALDI matrixes. Its usage efficiently enhanced SALDI MS detection of various small molecules, such as amino acids and neurotransmitters, fatty acids, saccharides, alkaloids, and flavonoids, as compared with α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid, 9-aminoacridine, and the three precursor substrates of AuNPs-FPTDF. In addition, the blood glucose level in rats was successfully determined from a linearity concentration range of 0.5-9 mM, as well as other biomarkers in rat serum with SALDI MS. More importantly, the spatial distribution of metabolites from the intact flowers of the medicinal plant Catharanthus roseus was explored by using the AuNPs-FPTDF as an imprint SALDI MS substrate in dual-polarity modes. These results demonstrate wide applications and superior performances of the AuNPs-FPTDF as a multifunctional SALDI surface with enhanced detection sensitivity and imaging capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Weiwei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Andrew Gordon
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Hui-Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Linru Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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6
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Chiu TW, Peng CJ, Chen MC, Hsu MH, Liang YH, Chiu CH, Fang JM, Lee YC. Constructing conjugate vaccine against Salmonella Typhimurium using lipid-A free lipopolysaccharide. J Biomed Sci 2020; 27:89. [PMID: 32831077 PMCID: PMC7443816 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-020-00681-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium is a nontyphoidal and common foodborne pathogen that causes serious threat to humans. There is no licensed vaccine to prevent the nontyphoid bacterial infection caused by S. Typhimurium. Methods To develop conjugate vaccines, the bacterial lipid-A free lipopolysaccharide (LFPS) is prepared as the immunogen and used to synthesize the LFPS–linker–protein conjugates 6a–9b. The designed bifunctional linkers 1–5 comprising either an o-phenylenediamine or amine moiety are specifically attached to the exposed 3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo), an α-ketoacid saccharide of LFPS, via condensation reaction or decarboxylative amidation. In addition to bovine serum albumin and ovalbumin, the S. Typhimurium flagellin (FliC) is also used as a self-adjuvanting protein carrier. Results The synthesized conjugate vaccines are characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fast performance liquid chromatography (FPLC), and their contents of polysaccharides and protein are determined by phenol–sulfuric acid assay and bicinchoninic acid assay, respectively. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) shows that immunization of mouse with the LFPS–linker–protein vaccines at a dosage of 2.5 μg is sufficient to elicit serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) specific to S. Typhimurium lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The straight-chain amide linkers in conjugates 7a–9b do not interfere with the desired immune response. Vaccines 7a and 7b derived from either unfractionated LFPS or the high-mass portion show equal efficacy in induction of IgG antibodies. The challenge experiments are performed by oral gavage of S. Typhimurium pathogen, and vaccine 7c having FliC as the self-adjuvanting protein carrier exhibits a high vaccine efficacy of 74% with 80% mice survival rate at day 28 post the pathogen challenge. Conclusions This study demonstrates that lipid-A free lipopolysaccharide prepared from Gram-negative bacteria is an appropriate immunogen, in which the exposed Kdo is connected to bifunctional linkers to form conjugate vaccines. The decarboxylative amidation of Kdo is a novel and useful method to construct a relatively robust and low immunogenic straight-chain amide linkage. The vaccine efficacy is enhanced by using bacterial flagellin as the self-adjuvanting carrier protein. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Wei Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jiun Peng
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Cheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Hua Hsu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Liang
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 259 Wenhua 1st Road, Guishan Dist, Taoyuan, 33302, Taiwan.
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Sec. 2, Academia Rd, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
| | - Yuan Chuan Lee
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles St, Baltimore, MD, 21218-2685, USA
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7
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Hung WT, Chen YT, Chen CH, Lee YC, Fang JM, Yang WB. Flow Chemistry System for Carbohydrate Analysis by Rapid Labeling of Saccharides after Glycan Hydrolysis. SLAS Technol 2020; 25:356-366. [PMID: 32560600 PMCID: PMC7372588 DOI: 10.1177/2472630320924620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utilization of a flow chemistry system for continuous
glycan hydrolysis and saccharide labeling to assist with the existing methods in
glycan structural analysis. Acidic hydrolysis of glycans could be accelerated in
a flow system. Aldoses and α-ketoacid-type saccharides were effectively labeled
with naphthalene-2,3-diamine (NADA) at 60 °C for 10 min to form the fluorescent
naphthimidazole (NAIM) and quinoxalinone (QXO) derivatives, respectively. The
NADA-labeled derivatives improved the structural determination and composition
analysis for their parent saccharides by using matrix-assisted laser desorption
ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), liquid
chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).
Furthermore, this protocol was applied to determine the SA–Gal–Glc sequence of
GM3-sugar out of six possible permutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hung
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | | | - Yuan Chuan Lee
- Department of Biology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei.,Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei
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8
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Chang YJ, Yang SS, Yu X, Zhang H, Shang W, Gu ZY. Ultrahigh efficient laser desorption ionization of saccharides by Ti-based metal-organic frameworks nanosheets. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1032:91-98. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Zhao H, Li Y, Wang J, Cheng M, Zhao Z, Zhang H, Wang C, Wang J, Qiao Y, Wang J. Dual-Ion-Mode MALDI MS Detection of Small Molecules with the O-P,N-Doped Carbon/Graphene Matrix. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:37732-37742. [PMID: 30296378 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
It is challenging to realize a dual-ion mode of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) for detecting small molecules. Herein, graphene coated by porous amorphous carbon with P-O surface group and codoped by phosphorus and nitrogen (O-P,N-C/G) was synthesized from an aerogel formed by phytic acid, polyaniline, and electrochemically exfoliated graphene. The carbon material synthesized has the feature of large surface area (583 m2/g), good electrical conductivity, strong UV absorption, heteroatom doping, and surface functional groups suitable for laser- induced desorption/ionization. It was employed as a novel matrix suitable for both positive-ion and negative-ion modes in MALDI-TOF MS for the analysis of various small molecules including amino acids, small peptides, saccharides, drugs, and environmental pollutants, significantly outperforming control materials and a traditional CHCA (α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid) or 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic (DHB) matrix. Remarkably, the detection limit of the anticancer drugs (5-fluorouracil and ellagic acid) reaches 50 pmol. In addition, nice MALDI-TOF MS images can be mapped to detect mixed amino acids corresponding to homogeneous distribution of ion intensity. The monosaccharides and disaccharides can be distinguished by using the new matrix. Last but not least, it can be used to quantitatively detect glucose in human serum and soft drinks (glucose/fructose, 203.1 mM) without adding standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Yanqiu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Jie Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Miao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Zheng Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Huinian Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049 , China
| | - Congwei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Junying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Yan Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
| | - Junzhong Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, Analytical Instrumentation Center & State Key Laboratory of Coal Conversion , Institute of Coal Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Taiyuan 030001 , China
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10
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Harvey DJ. Analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry: An update for 2011-2012. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2017; 36:255-422. [PMID: 26270629 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This review is the seventh update of the original article published in 1999 on the application of MALDI mass spectrometry to the analysis of carbohydrates and glycoconjugates and brings coverage of the literature to the end of 2012. General aspects such as theory of the MALDI process, matrices, derivatization, MALDI imaging, and fragmentation are covered in the first part of the review and applications to various structural types constitute the remainder. The main groups of compound are oligo- and poly-saccharides, glycoproteins, glycolipids, glycosides, and biopharmaceuticals. Much of this material is presented in tabular form. Also discussed are medical and industrial applications of the technique, studies of enzyme reactions, and applications to chemical synthesis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:255-422, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Harvey
- Department of Biochemistry, Oxford Glycobiology Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QU, UK
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11
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Chen L, Ou J, Wang H, Liu Z, Ye M, Zou H. Tailor-Made Stable Zr(IV)-Based Metal-Organic Frameworks for Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Small Molecules and Simultaneous Enrichment of Phosphopeptides. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:20292-20300. [PMID: 27427857 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b06225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Although thousands of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have been fabricated and widely applied in gas storage/separations, adsorption, catalysis, and so on, few kinds of MOFs have been used as adsorption materials while simultaneously serving as matrixes to analyze small molecules for laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (LDI-MS). Herein, a new concept is introduced to design and synthesize MOFs as both adsorption materials and matrixes according to the structure of ligands and common matrixes. The proof of concept design was demonstrated by selection of 2,5-pyridinedicarboxylic acid (PDC) and 2,5-dihydroxyterephthalic acid (DHT) as ligands for synthesis of MOFs. Two Zr(IV)-based MOFs of UiO-66-PDC and UiO-66-(OH)2 were synthesized and applied for the first time as new matrixes for analysis of small molecules by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Both of them showed low matrix interferences, high ionization efficiency, and good reproducibility when used as matrixes. A variety of small molecules, including saccharides, amino acids, nucleosides, peptides, alkaline drugs, and natural products, were analyzed. In addition, UiO-66-(OH)2 exhibited potential for application in the quantitative determination of glucose and pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. Furthermore, thanks to its intrinsically large surface area and highly ordered pores, UiO-66-(OH)2 also showed sensitive and specific enrichment of phosphopeptides prior to MS analysis. These results demonstrated that this strategy can be used to efficiently screen tailor-made MOFs as matrixes to analyze small molecules by MALDI-TOF-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianfang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Junjie Ou
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhongshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100049, China
| | - Mingliang Ye
- Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Dalian 116023, China
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12
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Bibi A, Ju H. Quantum dots assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric detection of carbohydrates: qualitative and quantitative analysis. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2016; 51:291-297. [PMID: 27041659 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 01/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A quantum dots (QDs) assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometric (QDA-LDI-MS) strategy was proposed for qualitative and quantitative analysis of a series of carbohydrates. The adsorption of carbohydrates on the modified surface of different QDs as the matrices depended mainly on the formation of hydrogen bonding, which led to higher MS intensity than those with conventional organic matrix. The effects of QDs concentration and sample preparation method were explored for improving the selective ionization process and the detection sensitivity. The proposed approach offered a new dimension to the application of QDs as matrices for MALDI-MS research of carbohydrates. It could be used for quantitative measurement of glucose concentration in human serum with good performance. The QDs served as a matrix showed the advantages of low background, higher sensitivity, convenient sample preparation and excellent stability under vacuum. The QDs assisted LDI-MS approach has promising application to the analysis of carbohydrates in complex biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Bibi
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
| | - Huangxian Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, China
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13
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Xu G, Liu S, Peng J, Lv W, Wu R. Facile synthesis of gold@graphitized mesoporous silica nanocomposite and its surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization for time-of-flight mass spectroscopy. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:2032-2038. [PMID: 25552293 DOI: 10.1021/am507894y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a novel core-shell structured gold@graphitized mesoporous silica nanocomposite (Au@GMSN) was synthesized by in situ graphitization of template within the mesochannels of mesoporous silica shell on gold core and demonstrated to be promising nanomaterials for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (SALDI-TOF MS). The integration of the graphitized mesoporous silica with the gold nanoparticles endowed Au@GMSN with large surface areas of graphitic structure, good dispersibility, and strong ultraviolet (UV) absorption. Au@GMSN exerted the synergistic effect on the efficient detection of small-molecular-weight analytes including amino acids, neutral saccharides, peptides, and traditional Chinese medicine. The Au@GMSN-assisted laser desorption/ionization exhibited the following superiorities: high ionization efficiency, low fragmentation interference, favorable salt tolerance, and good reproducibility. Moreover, because of the large hydrophobic inner surface area of the graphitized mesoporous silica shell, the Au@GMSN demonstrated its promising capacity in the pre-enrichment of aromatic analytes prior to SALDI-TOF MS, which favored rapid and sensitive detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiju Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, National Chromatographic R&A Center, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) , Dalian 116023, China
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14
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Teearu A, Vahur S, Haljasorg U, Leito I, Haljasorg T, Toom L. 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid solution in MALDI-MS: ageing and use for mass calibration. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:970-979. [PMID: 25303386 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) is one of the most widely used and studied matrix compounds in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. However, the influence of ageing of the DHB solution on the MALDI mass spectra has not been yet systematically studied. In this work, the possible changes occurring in the acidified acetonitrile/water solution of the MALDI matrix compound DHB during 1-year usage period have been monitored with MALDI-Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (MALDI-FT-ICR-MS) and attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. No significant ageing products have been detected. The ability of the aged DHB solution to act as a MALDI matrix was tested with two materials widely used in art and conservation - bone glue (a proteinaceous material) and shellac resin (a resinous material) - and good results were obtained. A number of peaks in the mass spectra measured from the DHB solution were identified, which can be used for internal calibration of the mass axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anu Teearu
- Institute of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Tartu, Ravila 14A, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
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15
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Chen S, Zheng H, Wang J, Hou J, He Q, Liu H, Xiong C, Kong X, Nie Z. Carbon Nanodots As a Matrix for the Analysis of Low-Molecular-Weight Molecules in Both Positive- and Negative-Ion Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Quantification of Glucose and Uric Acid in Real Samples. Anal Chem 2013; 85:6646-52. [DOI: 10.1021/ac401601r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Suming Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huzhi Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Luminescence
and Real-Time Analysis, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry
and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jianing Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Jian Hou
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Qing He
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Huihui Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Caiqiao Xiong
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Xianglei Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic
Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071,
China
| | - Zongxiu Nie
- Beijing National Laboratory
for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for
Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- Beijing Center for Mass Spectrometry, Beijing 100190, China
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16
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Przybylski C, Bonnet V. Discrimination of cyclic and linear oligosaccharides by tandem mass spectrometry using collision-induced dissociation (CID), pulsed-Q-dissociation (PQD) and the higher-energy C-trap dissociation modes. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:75-87. [PMID: 23239319 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Revised: 09/02/2012] [Accepted: 09/28/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Carbohydrates have essential functions in living organisms and cells, but, due to the presence of numerous linkage combinations, substituent sites and possible conformations, they are the class of biomolecules which exhibits the huge structural diversity found in nature. Thereby, due to such diversity and poor ionization, their structural deciphering by mass spectrometry is still a very challenging task. METHODS Here, we studied a series of linear and cyclic neutral oligosaccharides using electrospray with collision-induced dissociation (CID), pulsed-Q-dissociation (PQD) and the higher-energy C-trap dissociation (HCD) feature of a linear ion trap Orbitrap hybrid mass spectrometer (LTQ-Orbitrap). The collision energy necessary to obtain 50% fragmentation (CE(50) values) in CID, PQD and HCD was used to correlate both size and structures. RESULTS The default settings for activation time and/or activation Q are the most appropriate, except for HCD, where 100 ms instead of 30 ms gave more intense fragment ions. PQD exhibits a 2-8-fold lower sensitivity than CID. HCD provides signals closer or slightly superior by 1.5-fold than PQD, and offers a more balanced ion distribution through the spectrum. Furthermore, HCD offers the possibility to make fine adjustments of the energy via the eV scale to further increase the yield of low-mass fragments. CONCLUSIONS The complementarity of CID, PQD and HCD was clearly demonstrated by obtaining structural information on hexa-, hepta- and octasaccharides. Together, these results clearly indicate the usefulness of the CID/HCD pair for further structural deciphering, and analysis of more complex structures such as multi-antennary carbohydrates or glycoconjuguates alone or in mixture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Przybylski
- Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement, CNRS UMR 8587, F-91025, Evry, France.
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17
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Kuo CY, Wang SH, Lin C, Liao SKS, Hung WT, Fang JM, Yang WB. Application of 2,3-naphthalenediamine in labeling natural carbohydrates for capillary electrophoresis. Molecules 2012; 17:7387-400. [PMID: 22706370 PMCID: PMC6269047 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17067387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Revised: 06/14/2012] [Accepted: 06/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutral and acidic monosaccharide components in Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide are readily labeled with 2,3-naphthalenediamine, and the resulting saccharide-naphthimidazole (NAIM) derivatives are quantified by capillary electrophoresis (CE) in borate buffer. Using sulfated-α-cyclodextrin as the chiral selector, enantiomers of monosaccharide-NAIMs are resolved on CE in phosphate buffer, allowing a simultaneous determination of the absolute configuration and sugar composition in the mucilage polysaccharide of a medicinal herb Dendrobiumhuoshanense. Together with the specific enzymatic reactions of various glycoside hydrolases on the NAIM derivatives of glycans, the structures of natural glycans can be deduced from the digestion products identified by CE analysis. Though heparin dissachrides could be successfully derived with the NAIM-labeling method, the heparin derivatives with the same degree of sulfation could not be separated by CE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Kuo
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chunchi Lin
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Sylvain Kuo-Shiang Liao
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Hung
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Min Fang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Roosevelt Road, Section 4, Taipei 106, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.-M.F.); (W.-B.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-1663 (J.-M.F.); Fax: +886-2-2363-7812 (J.-M.F.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1264 (W.-B.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2789-8771 (W.-B.Y.)
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- The Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; (J.-M.F.); (W.-B.Y.); Tel.: +886-2-3366-1663 (J.-M.F.); Fax: +886-2-2363-7812 (J.-M.F.); Tel.: +886-2-2787-1264 (W.-B.Y.); Fax: +886-2-2789-8771 (W.-B.Y.)
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18
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Li J, Liu J, Chen Y. Matrix-assisted laser ablation production of gold cluster ions from Au-coated photonic crystals. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2012; 47:620-626. [PMID: 22576875 DOI: 10.1002/jms.2994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy was explored to generate pure gold cluster ions, Au(n)(+/-), from gold films deposited on solid substrates via a matrix-assisted laser ablation technique. The gold films deposited on SiO(2)-particle-assembled photonic crystals were demonstrated to be the most ideal compared with the films deposited on various glass slides. Dropped with a matrix of 2-(4-hydroxyphenylazo) benzoic acid and bombarded by nitrogen pulse laser (355 nm), they could release a series of Au(n)(+) with n more than 110 or Au(n)(-) with n more than 60 according to the data obtained by inline time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The gold-deposited photonic crystal substrates could be stored at room temperature for at least 6 months. The method is hence steady and convenient in use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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Hung WT, Wang SH, Chen YT, Yu HM, Chen CH, Yang WB. MALDI-TOF MS analysis of native and permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides. Molecules 2012; 17:4950-61. [PMID: 22547317 PMCID: PMC6268202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17054950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2011] [Revised: 04/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
MALDI-TOF MS provides rapid and sensitive analyses of larger biomolecules. However, MS analyses of polysaccharide have been reported to have lower sensitivity compared to peptides and proteins. Here, we investigated some polysaccharides chemically derivatized by permethylation and ortho-phenylene diamine (OPD) tagging. Methylated glycan is obviously able to improve the sensitivity for mass spectrometry detection. Oxidative condensation by UV-activation tagging to saccharides by OPD and peptide-OPD also improve the sensitivity of MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Polysaccharides including dextran, glucomannan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan and beta-1,3-glucan, isolated from nutritional supplements of Ganoderma lucidum and Saccharomyces pastorianus were measured using MALDI-TOF MS with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix. These glycans were also derivatized to methylated and benzimidazole-tagged glycans by chemical transformation for molecular weight analysis. The derivatized polysaccharides showed excellent MALDI-TOF MS signal enhancement in the molecular weight range from 1 to 5 kDa. Here, we demonstrate an efficient method to give glycan-benzimidazole (glycan-BIM) derivatives for polysaccharide determination in MALDI-TOF MS. Therefore, permethylated or benzimidazole-derivatized polysaccharides provide a new option for polysaccharide analysis using MALDI-TOF MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ting Hung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Shwu-Huey Wang
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, 250 Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ming Yu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hsuan Chen
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Bin Yang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128, Academia Road Sec. 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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