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Han Z, Hishida S, Chen LC. Formation of Alternating Surfactant-Enriched and Surfactant-Depleted Phases in the Taylor Cone of a Nanoelectrospray. Anal Chem 2024; 96:7297-7303. [PMID: 38682329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c01379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The electrospray ionization of highly conductive solutions containing Triton X-100, a nonionic surfactant, is found to induce alternating periods of surfactant enrichment and depletion when the concentration of the surfactant is near the critical micelle concentration (CMC) and when the flow rate is on the order of 10 nL/min. Analyzing the surfactant-protein mixture shows that the protein is partially denatured during the surfactant enrichment. The measurement of the phospholipid and oligosaccharide mixture prepared in the surfactant solution shows that the ion signal of the lipid is in phase with, and the hydrophilic oligosaccharide is out of phase with the surfactant signal. The results suggest that this novel phenomenon can be exploited for in situ separation of compounds in ESI-MS. Besides the ion signal, the condition of the alternating phase is also reflected in the spray current and Taylor cone's apex angle. The phase separation is likely related to the formation of a micelle in the Taylor cone and can be selectively triggered by tuning the flow rate with emitter voltage for an on-demand application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbao Han
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Shoki Hishida
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
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2
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Pu K, Wang Y, Wei H, Hu J, Qiu J, Chen S, Liu Q, Lin Y, Ng KM. μ-PESI-based MS profiling combined with untargeted metabolomics analysis for rapid identification of red wine geographical origin. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:546-552. [PMID: 37647550 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.12951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The commercial value of red wine is strongly linked to its geographical origin. Given the large global market, there is great demand for high-throughput screening methods to authenticate the geographical source of red wine. However, only limited techniques have been established up to now. RESULTS Herein, a sensitive and robust method, namely probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (μ-PESI-MS), was established to achieve rapid analysis at approximately 1.2 min per sample without any pretreatment. A scotch near the needle tip provides a fixed micro-volume for each analysis to achieve satisfactory ion signal reproducibility (RSD < 26.7%). In combination with a machine learning algorithm, 16 characteristic ions were discovered from thousands of detected ions and were utilized for differentiating red wine origin. Among them, the relative abundances of two characteristic metabolites (trigonelline and proline) correlated with geographical conditions (sun exposure and water stress) were identified, providing the rationale for differentiation of the geographical origin. CONCLUSION The proposed μ-PESI-MS-based method demonstrates a promising high-throughput determination capability in red wine traceability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyuan Pu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Huiwen Wei
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co. Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co. Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Jiamin Qiu
- Department of Biology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Guangdong RangerBio Technologies Co. Ltd, Dongguan, China
| | - Yan Lin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kwan-Ming Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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3
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Yang J, Xiong W, Liu C, Li J, Zhu R, Xia J, Yin Z, Tian R, Tang S, Li Z, Li H, Han Y, Si X, Jiang W, He P, Zhang F, Xu Y, Liu Z. Direct adsorption sampling and ambient mass spectrometry analysis of tobacco smoke with porous paper strips. Front Chem 2022; 10:1037542. [PMID: 36386000 PMCID: PMC9643588 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.1037542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical analysis of atmospheric aerosols by conventional analytical methods is usually required to perform complicated and time-consuming sample preparation processes. In recent decades, ambient ionization mass spectrometry (AI-MS) methods have been proven to be simple, rapid, and effective analytical tools for direct analysis of various complex samples. In this work, we applied porous paper filters for direct adsorptive sampling of tobacco smoke, and then the sampled paper filters were performed the emitters of the paper spray ionization (PSI) device. An auto-sampling device was made to control the generation and collection of tobacco smoke. Nicotine, the typical compound of tobacco smoke, was used to optimize the key conditions of auto-sampling. Moreover, different types of tobacco smoke were also compared with multivariate variable analysis, and the makers of tobacco smoke from different sources of tobacco smoke were investigated. By using this method, direct sampling and analysis of a single tobacco sample can be completed within minutes. Overall, our results show that PSI-MS is a powerful tool that integrates collection, extraction, ionization, and identification analytes in smoke.
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Heiligenthal L, van der Loh M, Polack M, Blaha ME, Moschütz S, Keim A, Sträter N, Belder D. Analysis of double-emulsion droplets with ESI mass spectrometry for monitoring lipase-catalyzed ester hydrolysis at nanoliter scale. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:6977-6987. [PMID: 35995875 PMCID: PMC9436884 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04266-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic double-emulsion droplets allow the realization and study of biphasic chemical processes such as chemical reactions or extractions on the nanoliter scale. Double emulsions of the rare type (o1/w/o2) are used here to realize a lipase-catalyzed reaction in the non-polar phase. The surrounding aqueous phase induces the transfer of the hydrophilic product from the core oil phase, allowing on-the-fly MS analysis in single double droplets. A microfluidic two-step emulsification process is developed to generate the (o1/w/o2) double-emulsion droplets. In this first example of microfluidic double-emulsion MS coupling, we show in proof-of-concept experiments that the chemical composition of the water layer can be read online using ESI–MS. Double-emulsion droplets were further employed as two-phase micro-reactors for the hydrolysis of the lipophilic ester p-nitrophenyl palmitate catalyzed by the Candida antarctica lipase B (CalB). Finally, the formation of the hydrophilic reaction product p-nitrophenol within the double-emulsion droplet micro-reactors is verified by subjecting the double-emulsion droplets to online ESI–MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Heiligenthal
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marie van der Loh
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Polack
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Maximilian E Blaha
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Susanne Moschütz
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Antje Keim
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Norbert Sträter
- Institute of Bioanalytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Deutscher Platz 5, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Detlev Belder
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Leipzig University, Linnéstraße 3, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Zhu G, Shao Y, Liu Y, Pei T, Li L, Zhang D, Guo G, Wang X. Single-cell metabolite analysis by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Trends Analyt Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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6
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Hiraoka K, Ariyada O, Usmanov DT, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Yoshimura K, Takeda S, Yu Z, Mandal MK, Wada H, Rankin-Turner S, Nonami H. Probe Electrospray Ionization (PESI) and Its Modified Versions: Dipping PESI (dPESI), Sheath-Flow PESI (sfPESI) and Adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI). Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2020; 9:A0092. [PMID: 33299735 PMCID: PMC7708747 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2007, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) was developed. In this technique, the needle is moved down along a vertical axis and the tip of the needle touched to the sample. After capturing the sample at the needle tip, the needle is then moved up and a high voltage is applied to the needle at the highest position to generate electrospray. Due to the discontinuous sampling followed by the generation of spontaneous electrospray, sequential and exhaustive electrospray takes place depending on the surface activity of the analytes. As modified versions of PESI, dipping PESI (dPESI), sheath-flow PESI (sfPESI) and adjustable sfPESI (ad-sfPESI) have been developed. These methods are complementary to each other and they can be applicable to surface and bulk analysis of various biological samples. In this article, the characteristics of these methods and their applications to real samples will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Ariyada
- ARIOS INC., 3–2–20 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196–0021, Japan
| | - Dilshadbek T. Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Lee C. Chen
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate Faculty of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, 1110 Shimo-Kateau, Chuo, Yamanashi 409–3898, Japan
| | - Zhang Yu
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Mridul K. Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka 833–0041, Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4–3–11 Takeda, Kofu 400–8511, Japan
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama 790–8566, Japan
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7
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Analytical Chemistry in the 21st Century: Challenges, Solutions, and Future Perspectives of Complex Matrices Quantitative Analyses in Biological/Clinical Field. ANALYTICA 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/analytica1010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the challenges in analytical chemistry, and mostly in quantitative analysis, include the development and validation of new materials, strategies and procedures to meet the growing need for rapid, sensitive, selective and green methods. In this context, considering the constantly updated International Guidelines, constant innovation is mandatory both in the pre-treatment procedures and in the instrumental configurations to obtain reliable, true, and reproducible information. In this context, additionally to the classic plasma (or serum) matrices, biopsies, whole blood, and urine have seen an increase in the works that also consider non-conventional matrices. Obviously, all these studies have shown that there is a correlation between the blood levels and those found in the new matrix, in order to be able to correlate and compare the results in a robust way and reduce any bias problems. This review provides an update of the most recent developments currently in use in the sample pre-treatment and instrument configurations in the biological/clinical fields. Furthermore, the review concludes with a series of considerations regarding the role and future developments of Analytical Chemistry in light of the forthcoming challenges and new goals to be achieved.
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8
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Wu L, Yao YN, Yuan ZC, DI D, Li L, Hu B. Direct Detection of Lysozyme in Viscous Raw Hen Egg White Binding to Sodium Dodecyl Sulfonate by Reactive Wooden-tip Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:341-346. [PMID: 31656247 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19p288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Direct characterization of native protein binding to ligands in raw biological samples is a challenging task, because the ligand solution might induce proteins to aggregation, flocculation and denaturation. In this work, we developed a reactive wooden-tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for formation and characterization of protein-ligand complexes upon rapid mixing in electrospray droplets. Raw viscous hen egg white (HEW) was directly loaded onto a wooden tip to induce spray ionization, and sodium dodecyl sulfonate (SDS) solution was directly loaded into the HEW spray by a pipette tip, and thus lysozyme-DS complexes were then formed in the electrospray droplets and were detected subsequently by mass spectrometry. The new approach was successfully applied to investigate interaction of SDS and native lysozyme in electrospray droplets of standard solution and raw egg white. Our results showed that wooden-tip ESI-MS is a promising method to form and characterize protein-ligand complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University
| | - Ya-Nan Yao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University
| | - Zi-Cheng Yuan
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University
| | - Dandan DI
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University
| | - Lei Li
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University.,Guangzhou Hexin Instrument Co., Ltd
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometry and Atmospheric Environment, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University
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9
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Lab-made solid phase microextraction phases for off line extraction and direct mass spectrometry analysis: Evaluating the extraction parameters. J Chromatogr A 2019; 1603:23-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2019.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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10
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Lee JY, Selfridge KM, Kohn EM, Vaden TD, Caputo GA. Effects of Ionic Liquid Alkyl Chain Length on Denaturation of Myoglobin by Anionic, Cationic, and Zwitterionic Detergents. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9070264. [PMID: 31288435 PMCID: PMC6681400 DOI: 10.3390/biom9070264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 06/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The unique electrochemical properties of ionic liquids (ILs) have motivated their use as solvents for organic synthesis and green energy applications. More recently, their potential in pharmaceutical chemistry has prompted investigation into their effects on biomolecules. There is evidence that some ILs can destabilize proteins via a detergent-like manner; however, the mechanism still remains unknown. Our hypothesis is that if ILs are denaturing proteins via a detergent-like mechanism, detergent-mediated protein unfolding should be enhanced in the presence of ILs. The properties of myoglobin was examined in the presence of a zwitterionic (N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylglycine betaine (Empigen BB®, EBB)), cationic (tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB)), and anionic (sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)) detergent as well as ILs based on alkylated imidazolium chlorides. Protein structure was measured through a combination of absorbance, fluorescence, and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy: absorbance and CD were used to monitor heme complexation to myoglobin, and tryptophan fluorescence quenching was used as an indicator for heme dissociation. Notably, the detergents tested did not fully denature the protein but instead resulted in loss of the heme group. At low IL concentrations, heme dissociation remained a traditional, cooperative process; at high concentrations, ILs with increased detergent-like character exhibited a more complex pattern, which is most likely attributable to micellization of the ionic liquids or direct denaturation or heme dissociation induced by the ILs. These trends were consistent across all species of detergents. 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) fluorescence was further used to characterize micelle formation in aqueous solutions containing detergent and ionic liquid. The dissociation thermodynamics show that EBB- and TTAB-induced dissociation of heme is not significantly impacted by room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs), whereas SDS-induced dissociation is more dramatically impacted by all RTILs examined. Together, these results indicate a complex interaction of detergents, likely based on headgroup charge, and the active component of RTILs to influence heme dissociation and potentially protein denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Y Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Katherine M Selfridge
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Eric M Kohn
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
- Bantivoglio Honors College, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Timothy D Vaden
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA
| | - Gregory A Caputo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028, USA.
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ 08028 USA.
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11
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Hiraoka K, Rankin-Turner S, Ninomiya S, Wada H, Nakano H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Tanaka F, Nonami H. Component Profiling in Agricultural Applications Using an Adjustable Acupuncture Needle for Sheath-Flow Probe Electrospray Ionization/Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:3275-3283. [PMID: 30830775 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b06424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In previous work, probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (PESI/MS) and sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization/mass spectrometry (sfPESI/MS) were reported for the rapid and minimally invasive analysis of food. In this work, a modified version of sfPESI will be reported. The sample surface was pricked with an acupuncture needle inserted in the sfPESI probe that protruded from the terminus of the tip by 5 mm. The invasion depth of the needle into the sample was ∼1 mm. After sampling, the needle was retracted into the solvent-preloaded capillary with a protrusion length of 0.1-0.2 mm from the tip. A mass spectrum of the sample captured on the needle was obtained by applying a high voltage to the needle. This method could be applicable to profiling analyses of plants with the epicuticular wax covering on the surfaces that are difficult to analyze by sf-PESI. The on-site mass spectrometric analysis for a growing apricot in the field was performed to monitor the developing stage of the fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Stephanie Rankin-Turner
- Clean Energy Research Center , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu , Yamanashi 400-8511 , Japan
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School , University of Yamanashi , 4-3-11, Takeda , Kofu 400-8511 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 496 Izumi, Chikugo , Fukuoka 833-0041 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 496 Izumi, Chikugo , Fukuoka 833-0041 , Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Suya 2421, Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , Suya 2421, Goshi , Kumamoto 861-1192 , Japan
| | - Fukuyo Tanaka
- Central Region Agriculture Research Center , National Agriculture and Food Research Organization , 2-1-18, Kannodai, Tsukuba , Ibaraki , 305-8666 , Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory , Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University , Matsuyama , 790-8566 , Japan
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12
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Yao YN, Hu B. Analyte-substrate interactions at functionalized tip electrospray ionization mass spectrometry: Molecular mechanisms and applications. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2018; 53:1222-1229. [PMID: 30300951 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 09/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) commonly uses capillary tip for sample introduction and ionization. In recent years, ESI-MS using noncapillary substrate tips has attracted growing interest as it allows separation and enrichment of analytes from complex samples due to analytes-substrate interactions. In this work, model mixtures and functionalized tips were employed to investigate the molecular mechanism of the analyte-substrate interactions. The mixtures were directly loaded on substrate tips, and then temporal responses of analytes were investigated by monitoring selected ion chromatogram (SIC) responses of each analyte. It is found that all analytes are sprayed out together when bulk solution loaded substrate surface and then sequential ionization of analytes were observed. Sequential ionization of analytes was affected by the analytes-substrate interactions which caused analytes of weaker-interaction to be faster moved and the analytes of stronger-interactions to be retained on the substrate. The main molecular mechanisms of analyte-substrate interactions were revealed to be hydrophobic interactions and electrostatic interactions. Furthermore, based on the mechanistic insights, functionalized tips were further applied for rapid extractive sampling of target analytes from complex samples with good analytical performances. Overall, this study on the mechanism and applications of analyte-substrate interactions is useful for understanding the fundamental principles and further developments of functionalized tip electrospray ionization (TESI).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Nan Yao
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Bin Hu
- Institute of Mass Spectrometer and Atmospheric Environment, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for On-line Source Apportionment System of Air Pollution, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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13
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Hu B, Yao ZP. Detection of native proteins using solid-substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with nonpolar solvents. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1004:51-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2017.11.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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14
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Usmanov DT, Ashurov KB, Ninomiya S, Hiraoka K, Wada H, Nakano H, Matsumura M, Sanada-Morimura S, Nonami H. Remote sampling mass spectrometry for dry samples: Sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (PESI) using a gel-loading tip inserted with an acupuncture needle. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:407-413. [PMID: 29235697 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is only applicable to liquid or wet samples. In this study, a sheath-flow PESI method for remote sampling mass spectrometry that can be applied to dry samples was developed. METHODS An acupuncture needle (0.12 mm outer diameter, 700 nm tip diameter) was inserted into a gel-loading tip with a 0.1 mm protrusion out of the tip. Analytes were extracted by filling the latter tip with solvent and softly touching the sample surface for a short time (<1 s). A high voltage was applied to the acupuncture needle, and mass spectra of analytes were obtained by self-aspirating electrospray. RESULTS Dry samples, such as lines of ballpoint pen ink on paper, pharmaceutical tablets, instant coffee, brown rice, and narcotics, gave strong ion signals. The sample carryover was negligible. The sequential electrospray was observed to be similar to conventional PESI. The limits of detection (LODs) for morphine and rhodamine B were found to be of the order of picograms. CONCLUSIONS Because of its simplicity and versatility, sheath-flow PESI is a promising technique for on-site and nondestructive profile analysis of dry samples with bulky and complicated shapes, with a spatial resolution of ~0.3 mm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilshadbek T Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Khatam B Ashurov
- Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Durmon Yoli Street 33, 100125, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate School, Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Masaya Matsumura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Sanada-Morimura
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Suya 2421, Goshi, Kumamoto, 861-1192, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
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15
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Gong X, Xiong X, Zhao Y, Ye S, Fang X. Boosting the Signal Intensity of Nanoelectrospray Ionization by Using a Polarity-Reversing High-Voltage Strategy. Anal Chem 2017; 89:7009-7016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Gong
- National institute of Metrology, 100013 Beijing, China
| | | | - Yingchen Zhao
- Henan Institute of Metrology, 450008 Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Sijian Ye
- National institute of Metrology, 100013 Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Fang
- National institute of Metrology, 100013 Beijing, China
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16
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Meher AK, Chen YC. Electrospray Modifications for Advancing Mass Spectrometric Analysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:S0057. [PMID: 28573082 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Generation of analyte ions in gas phase is a primary requirement for mass spectrometric analysis. One of the ionization techniques that can be used to generate gas phase ions is electrospray ionization (ESI). ESI is a soft ionization method that can be used to analyze analytes ranging from small organics to large biomolecules. Numerous ionization techniques derived from ESI have been reported in the past two decades. These ion sources are aimed to achieve simplicity and ease of operation. Many of these ionization methods allow the flexibility for elimination or minimization of sample preparation steps prior to mass spectrometric analysis. Such ion sources have opened up new possibilities for taking scientific challenges, which might be limited by the conventional ESI technique. Thus, the number of ESI variants continues to increase. This review provides an overview of ionization techniques based on the use of electrospray reported in recent years. Also, a brief discussion on the instrumentation, underlying processes, and selected applications is also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chie Chen
- Department of Applied Chemistry, National Chiao Tung University
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17
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Usmanov DT, Ninomiya S, Chen LC, Saha S, Mandal MK, Sakai Y, Takaishi R, Habib A, Hiraoka K, Yoshimura K, Takeda S, Wada H, Nonami H. Desorption in Mass Spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 6:S0059. [PMID: 28337398 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In mass spectrometry, analytes must be released in the gas phase. There are two representative methods for the gasification of the condensed samples, i.e., ablation and desorption. While ablation is based on the explosion induced by the energy accumulated in the condensed matrix, desorption is a single molecular process taking place on the surface. In this paper, desorption methods for mass spectrometry developed in our laboratory: flash heating/rapid cooling, Leidenfrost phenomenon-assisted thermal desorption (LPTD), solid/solid friction, liquid/solid friction, electrospray droplet impact (EDI) ionization/desorption, and probe electrospray ionization (PESI), will be described. All the methods are concerned with the surface and interface phenomena. The concept of how to desorb less-volatility compounds from the surface will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Graduate School, Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Graduate School, Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | | | | | - Yuji Sakai
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Rio Takaishi
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Ahsan Habib
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Plant Biophysics/Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Ehime University
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18
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Hu B, Yao ZP. Mobility of Proteins in Porous Substrates under Electrospray Ionization Conditions. Anal Chem 2016; 88:5585-9. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b00894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State
Key Laboratory for Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong SAR, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State
Key Laboratory for Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research
Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong
Kong SAR, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Resources of Changbai Mountain and Functional Molecules (Yanbian University), Ministry of Education, Yanji, 133002, China
- State
Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation)
and Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Food Biological Safety Control, Shenzhen Research Institute of The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518057, China
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19
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Cai Y, Liu P, Held MA, Dewald HD, Chen H. Coupling Electrochemistry with Probe Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry. Chemphyschem 2016; 17:1104-8. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201600033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cai
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Michael A. Held
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Howard D. Dewald
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical Instrumentation Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Edison Biotechnology Institute Ohio University Athens OH 45701 USA
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20
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Yu Z, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Mandal MK, Hiraoka K, Nonami H. Piezoelectric inkjet assisted rapid electrospray ionization mass spectrometric analysis of metabolites in plant single cells via a direct sampling probe. Analyst 2015; 139:5734-9. [PMID: 25262850 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01068j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Direct sampling probe mass spectrometry (DSP-MS) enables fast and direct profiling of metabolites in biological samples. However, because the solvent amount for the online dissolution of acquired analytes is difficult to control, the detection sensitivity is not satisfactory. In this study, we present a modified version of the DSP-MS system for direct mass spectrometric profiling of metabolites in plant single cells. Two major improvements are introduced in this work, including a pointed-tip probe with high surface wetting properties, which is ten times finer than the previous version, and a piezoelectric inkjet system working as the auxiliary solvent delivery means. The probe tip can be controlled to insert into a cell through the cell wall. Metabolites loaded on the tip surface can be extracted by the auxiliary solvent and electrosprayed after applying a high direct current voltage. The unique features such as low cost, disposability and versatility make this technique a competitive tool for single cell analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Yu
- College of Chemistry and Biology, Shenyang Normal University, 253 Huanghe Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110034, China.
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21
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Klampfl CW, Himmelsbach M. Direct ionization methods in mass spectrometry: An overview. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 890:44-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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22
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Kim KH, Compton PD, Tran JC, Kelleher NL. Online matrix removal platform for coupling gel-based separations to whole protein electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:2199-206. [PMID: 25836738 DOI: 10.1021/pr501331q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
A fractionation method called gel-eluted liquid fraction entrapment electrophoresis (GELFrEE) has been used to dramatically increase the number of proteins identified in top-down proteomic workflows; however, the technique involves the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), a surfactant that interferes with electrospray ionization. Therefore, an efficient removal of SDS is absolutely required prior to mass analysis. Traditionally, methanol/chloroform precipitation and spin columns have been used, but they lack reproducibility and are difficult to automate. Therefore, we developed an in-line matrix removal platform to enable the direct analysis of samples containing SDS and salts. Only small molecules like SDS permeate a porous membrane and are removed in a manner similar to cross-flow filtration. With this device, near-complete removal of SDS is accomplished within 5 min and proteins are subsequently mobilized into a mass spectrometer. The new platform was optimized for the analysis of GELFrEE fractions enriched for histones extracted from human HeLa cells. All four core histones and their proteoforms were detected in a single spectrum by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The new method versus protein precipitation/resuspension showed 2- to 10-fold improved signal intensities, offering a clear path forward to improve proteome coverage and the efficiency of top-down proteomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Hun Kim
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Philip D Compton
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - John C Tran
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Neil L Kelleher
- Departments of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences and the Proteomics Center of Excellence, Northwestern University, 2145 North Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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23
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Kinde TF, Lopez TD, Dutta D. Electrophoretic extraction of low molecular weight cationic analytes from sodium dodecyl sulfate containing sample matrices for their direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2015; 87:2702-9. [PMID: 25664891 PMCID: PMC4455540 DOI: 10.1021/ac503903j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
While the use of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in separation buffers allows efficient analysis of complex mixtures, its presence in the sample matrix is known to severely interfere with the mass-spectrometric characterization of analyte molecules. In this article, we report a microfluidic device that addresses this analytical challenge by enabling inline electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) of low molecular weight cationic samples prepared in SDS containing matrices. The functionality of this device relies on the continuous extraction of analyte molecules into an SDS-free solvent stream based on the free-flow zone electrophoresis (FFZE) technique prior to their ESI-MS analysis. The reported extraction was accomplished in our current work in a glass channel with microelectrodes fabricated along its sidewalls to realize the desired electric field. Our experiments show that a key challenge to successfully operating such a device is to suppress the electroosmotically driven fluid circulations generated in its extraction channel that otherwise tend to vigorously mix the liquid streams flowing through this duct. A new coating medium, N-(2-triethoxysilylpropyl) formamide, recently demonstrated by our laboratory to nearly eliminate electroosmotic flow in glass microchannels was employed to address this issue. Applying this surface modifier, we were able to efficiently extract two different peptides, human angiotensin I and MRFA, individually from an SDS containing matrix using the FFZE method and detect them at concentrations down to 3.7 and 6.3 μg/mL, respectively, in samples containing as much as 10 mM SDS. Notice that in addition to greatly reducing the amount of SDS entering the MS instrument, the reported approach allows rapid solvent exchange for facilitating efficient analyte ionization desired in ESI-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan F. Kinde
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Thomas D. Lopez
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
| | - Debashis Dutta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming 82071, United States
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24
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Yoshimura K, Chen LC, Johno H, Nakajima M, Hiraoka K, Takeda S. Development of Non-proximate Probe Electrospray Ionization for Real-Time Analysis of Living Animal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 3:S0048. [PMID: 26819892 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ambient ionization mass spectrometry is one of the most challenging analytical tools in the field of biomedical research. We previously demonstrated that probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) could potentially be used in the rapid diagnosis of cancer. Although this technique does not require a tedious sample pretreatment process, it was not possible for our previously reported setup to be applied to cases involving the direct sampling of tissues from living animal and large animal subjects, because there would not be enough room to accommodate the larger bodies juxtaposed to the ion inlet. To make PESI-MS more applicable for the real-time analysis of living animals, a long auxiliary ion sampling tube has been connected to the ion inlet of the mass spectrometer to allow for the collection of ions and charged droplets from the PESI source (hereafter, referred to as non-proximate PESI). Furthermore, an additional ion sampling tube was connected to a small diaphragm pump to increase the uptake rate of air carrying the ions and charged droplets to the ion inlet. This modification allows for the extended ion sampling orifice to be positioned closer to the specimens, even when they are too large to be placed inside the ionization chamber. In this study, we have demonstrated the use of non-proximate PESI-MS for the real-time analysis for biological molecules and pharmacokinetic parameters from living animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Graduate School Department of Interdisciplinary Research, University of Yamanashi
| | - Hisashi Johno
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Mayutaka Nakajima
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Yamanashi
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25
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Hiraoka K, Usmanov DT, Chen LC, Ninomiya S, Mandal MK, Saha S. Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) mass spectrometry with discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface (DAPI). EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2015; 21:327-334. [PMID: 26307713 DOI: 10.1255/ejms.1309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) using a 0.2 mm outside diameter titanium wire was performed and the generated ions were introduced into the mass spectrometer via a discontinuous atmospheric pressure interface using a pinch valve. Time-lapse PESI mass spectra were acquired by gradually increasing delay time for the pinch valve opening with respect to the start of each electrospray event when a high voltage was applied. The opening time of the pinch valve was 20 ms. Time-resolved PESI mass spectra showed marked differences for 10 mM NaCl, 10(-5) M gramicidin S and insulin in H(2)O/CH(3)OH/CH(3)COOH/CH(3)COONH(4) (65/35/1) with and without the addition of 10 mM CH(3)COONH(4). This was ascribed to the pH change of the liquid attached to the needle caused by electrochemical reactions taking place at the interface between the metal probe and the solution. NaCl cluster ions appeared only after the depletion of analytes. For the mixed solution of 10(-5) M cytochrome c, insulin, and gramicidin S in H(2)O/CH(3)OH/CH(3)COOH (65/35/1), a sequential appearance of analyte ions in the order of cytochrome c→insulin→gramicidin S was observed. The present technique was applied to three narcotic samples; methamphetamine, morphine and codeine. Limits of detection for these compounds were 10 ppb in H(2)O/CH(3)OH (1/1) for the single sampling with a pinch valve opening time of 200 ms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
| | - Dilshadbek T Usmanov
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan. Institute of Ion-Plasma and Laser Technologies, Dormon Yoli Street 33, Akademgorodok, Tashkent 100125, Uzbekistan.
| | - Lee Chuin Chen
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
| | - Satoshi Ninomiya
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
| | - Mridul K Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
| | - Subhrakanti Saha
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
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26
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Top-down synthesized TiO2 nanowires as a solid matrix for surface-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (SALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 836:53-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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27
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So PK, Hu B, Yao ZP. Electrospray Ionization on Solid Substrates. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2014; 3:S0028. [PMID: 26819900 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.s0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 12/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of electrospray ionization on solid substrates (solid-substrate ESI) avoids the clogging problem encountered in conventional capillary-based ESI, allows more convenient sampling and permits new applications. So far, solid-substrate ESI with various materials, e.g., metals, paper, wood, fibers and biological tissue, has been developed, and applications ranging from analysis of pure compounds to complex mixtures as well as in vivo study were demonstrated. Particularly, the capability of solid-substrate ESI in direct analysis of complex samples, e.g., biological fluids and foods, has significantly facilitated mass spectrometric analysis in real-life applications and led to increasingly important roles of these techniques nowadays. In this review, various solid-substrate ESI techniques and their applications are summarized and the prospects in this field are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Kin So
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
| | - Zhong-Ping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of
Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University; State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology (Incubation), Shenzhen Research Institute of
The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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28
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Liu P, Forni A, Chen H. Development of Solvent-Free Ambient Mass Spectrometry for Green Chemistry Applications. Anal Chem 2014; 86:4024-32. [DOI: 10.1021/ac500527q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengyuan Liu
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Amanda Forni
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
| | - Hao Chen
- Center for Intelligent Chemical
Instrumentation, †Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, ‡Edison Biotechnology
Institute, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, United States
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29
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Hu B, So PK, Yao ZP. Electrospray ionization with aluminum foil: A versatile mass spectrometric technique. Anal Chim Acta 2014; 817:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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30
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Mandal MK, Yoshimura K, Saha S, Yu Z, Takeda S, Hiraoka K. Biomolecular Analysis and Biological Tissue Diagnostics by Electrospray Ionization with a Metal Wire Inserted Gel-Loading Tip. Anal Chem 2013; 86:987-92. [DOI: 10.1021/ac403261s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Kentaro Yoshimura
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Subhrakanti Saha
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
| | - Zhan Yu
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
- School of Chemical
and Life Sciences, Shenyang Normal University, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Sen Takeda
- Department
of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Interdisciplinary Graduate
School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Yamanashi 409-3898, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research
Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan
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31
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Mandal MK, Ozawa T, Saha S, Rahman MM, Iwasa M, Shida Y, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Development of sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and its application to real time pesticide analysis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:7889-7895. [PMID: 23875640 DOI: 10.1021/jf4014718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
For the real time and direct analysis of chemical constituents from living beings and dry sample, sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (SF-PESI-MS) has been newly developed. The components from dry or semidry biological tissues can be extracted using the solvent and picked up by the needle for electrospray. This technique was applied to real-time pesticide analysis of living plants. The results have been validated with that of a well-known system, liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS). It is demonstrated that SF-PESI-MS can produce reasonable ionization efficiency, which is confirmed by LESA-MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan.
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32
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Rahman MO, Mandal MK, Shida Y, Ninomiya S, Chen LC, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Development of sheath-flow probe electrospray ionization (SF-PESI). JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2013; 48:823-829. [PMID: 23832938 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) uses a sharp solid needle as electrospray emitter. This method was found to be applicable to the analysis of real-world samples with high concentrations of salts and detergents without sample pretreatment. Since PESI is only applicable to wet samples but not to dry samples, sheath-flow PESI (SF-PESI) has been developed. The metal needle was inserted into the fine plastic capillary with a protrusion of 0.1-0.2 mm from the capillary terminus. The solvent was supplied continuously through the capillary. At the lowest position of the probe, solvent flowing out from the capillary makes the sample wet and extracts the analytes from the surface. The extracted analytes were electrosprayed at the highest position of the needle. SF-PESI was successfully applied to samples such as narcotics, tablets, bill, fruits, potatoes, etc.
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Chakrabarty S, Pagnotti VS, Inutan ED, Trimpin S, McEwen CN. A new matrix assisted ionization method for the analysis of volatile and nonvolatile compounds by atmospheric probe mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:1102-7. [PMID: 23661423 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-013-0634-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Matrix assisted ionization of nonvolatile compounds is shown not to be limited to vacuum conditions and does not require a laser. Simply placing a solution of analyte dissolved with a suitable matrix such as 3-nitrobenzonitrile (3-NBN) or 2,5-dihydroxyacetophenone on a melting point tube and gently heating the dried sample near the ion entrance aperture of a mass spectrometer using a flow of gas produces abundant ions of peptides, small proteins, drugs, and polar lipids. Fundamental studies point to matrix-mediated ionization occurring prior to the entrance aperture of the mass spectrometer. The method is analytically useful, producing peptide mass fingerprints of bovine serum albumin tryptic digest consuming sub-picomoles of sample. Application of 100 fmol of angiotensin I in 3-NBN matrix produces the doubly and triply protonated molecular ions as the most abundant peaks in the mass spectrum. No carryover is observed for samples containing up to 100 pmol of this peptide. A commercial atmospheric samples analysis probe provides a simple method for sample introduction to an atmospheric pressure ion source for analysis of volatile and nonvolatile compounds without using the corona discharge but using sample preparation similar to matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization.
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Mandal MK, Saha S, Yoshimura K, Shida Y, Takeda S, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Biomolecular analysis and cancer diagnostics by negative mode probe electrospray ionization. Analyst 2013; 138:1682-8. [PMID: 23348832 DOI: 10.1039/c3an36554a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We have examined several combinations of solvents and probes with the aim of optimizing the ionization conditions for biomolecules e.g., proteins, peptides and lipids by negative mode probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS). With the data presented in this study, negative-mode PESI-MS can be considered as a potential tool for biomolecular analysis and cancer diagnostics because of its simplicity in instrumental configuration. A sharper sampling probe was found to be better for obtaining high quality mass spectra because it can generate stable electrospray without the occurrence of gas breakdown. Although the best conditions may depend on each sample, aqueous organic solvent solutions, especially isopropanol-H(2)O (1/1) with a pH of ≥7, are shown to be preferable for negative-mode PESI-MS, which was successfully applied to colon cancer diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511 Japan.
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Rahman MM, Chen LC, Hiraoka K. Development of high-pressure probe electrospray ionization for aqueous solution. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:68-74. [PMID: 23239318 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 09/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Probe electrospray ionization (PESI) is a recently developed method that uses a sharp solid needle as electrospray emitter and the sample is loaded to the needle tip by repetitive movement of the needle probe. This method has been previously used for the analysis of sample with high salt concentration and real-world samples without sample pretreatment. Although PESI is also applicable to aqueous solution, the ion signal stability and reproducibility were not satisfactory due to the spontaneous occurrence of corona discharge taking place on the metallic needle tip. METHODS In the previous version of PESI, the ionization was performed under an open environment, thus ambient condition such as humidity and the presence of environmental contaminant also affected the performance of PESI. In this paper, we report a modified version of PESI in which the electrospray and the desolvation of charged droplets are performed inside an enclosed chamber which is pressurized to >1 atm with dry air. RESULTS Under a super atmospheric condition, the dielectric strength of the ambient gas was enhanced and stable electrospray could to be initiated without the occurrence of corona discharge even for liquid sample with high surface tension such as pure water. A comparative study of atmospheric-pressure PESI and high-pressure PESI (HP-PESI) had been performed to demonstrate the improvement of PESI in sensitivity and signal stability for the detection analytes in aqueous solution. CONCLUSIONS HP-PESI offers a higher sensitivity and signal stability over PESI due to the absence of gaseous breakdown, better desolvation, and higher ion sampling rate by the mass spectrometer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Matiur Rahman
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11, Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
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Monge ME, Harris GA, Dwivedi P, Fernández FM. Mass Spectrometry: Recent Advances in Direct Open Air Surface Sampling/Ionization. Chem Rev 2013; 113:2269-308. [DOI: 10.1021/cr300309q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 404] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Monge
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Glenn A. Harris
- Department
of Biochemistry and
the Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, United States
| | - Prabha Dwivedi
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
| | - Facundo M. Fernández
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332,
United States
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Hu B, So PK, Yao ZP. Analytical properties of solid-substrate electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2013; 24:57-65. [PMID: 23238949 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Conventional electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) uses a capillary for sample loading and ionization. Along with the development of ambient ionization techniques, ESI-MS using noncapillary emitters has attracted more interest in recent years. Following our recent report on ESI-MS using wooden tips (Anal. Chem. 83, 8201-8207 (2011)), the technique was further investigated and extended in this study. Our results revealed that the wooden tips could serve as a chromatographic column for separation of sample components. Sequential and exhaustive ionization was observed for proteins and salts on wooden tips with salts ionized sooner and proteins later. Nonconductive materials that contain microchannels/pores could be used as tips for ESI-MS analysis with sample solutions loaded to the sharp-ends only, since rapid diffusion of sample solutions by capillary action would enable the tips to become conductive. Tips of inert materials such as bamboo, fabrics, and sponge could be used for sample loading and ionization, while samples such as tissue, mushroom, and bone could form tips to induce ionization for direct analysis with application of a high voltage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Mandal MK, Yoshimura K, Chen LC, Yu Z, Nakazawa T, Katoh R, Fujii H, Takeda S, Nonami H, Hiraoka K. Application of probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (PESI-MS) to clinical diagnosis: solvent effect on lipid analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2012; 23:2043-2047. [PMID: 22923015 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-012-0462-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2012] [Revised: 07/27/2012] [Accepted: 07/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We have examined several combinations of solvents with the aim of optimizing the ionization conditions for molecular diagnosis of malignant tumours by PESI-MS. Although the best conditions may depend on the actual species in the sample, the optimal conditions for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were achieved by using alcohols. PESI-MS successfully delineated the differential expression of phospholipids (PCs) and triacylglycerols (TAGs) in noncancerous and RCC tissues by using these solvent systems. This study paves the way for the application of PESI-MS in medical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mridul Kanti Mandal
- Clean Energy Research Center, University of Yamanashi, Kofu, Yamanashi, Japan
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