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Vaidya SR, Kumbhar NS, Andhare GK, Pawar N, Walimbe AM, Kinikar M, Kasibhatla SM, Kulkarni-Kale U. Neutralizing Antibody Response to Genotypically Diverse Measles Viruses in Clinically Suspected Measles Cases. Viruses 2023; 15:2243. [PMID: 38005920 PMCID: PMC10674322 DOI: 10.3390/v15112243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The neutralizing antibody (Nt-Ab) response to vaccine and wild-type measles viruses (MeV) was studied in suspected measles cases reported during the years 2012-2016. The neutralization activity against MeV A, D4 and D8 genotypes was studied on sera (Panel A; n = 68 (measles-immunized) and Panel B; n = 50 (unvaccinated)) that were either laboratory confirmed or not confirmed by the presence of IgM antibodies. Additionally, the Nt-Ab response in Panel A was measured against the MeV vaccine and four wild-type viruses. Neutralization results were compared using homology modeling and molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) of MeV-hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins. Overall, the Nt-Ab titres for MeV-A were found to be significantly lower than MeV-D4 and MeV-D8 viruses for Panel A. No major difference was noted in Nt-Ab titres between MeV-D8 viruses (Jamnagar and New Delhi), whereas MeV-D4 (Sindhudurg and Bagalkot (BGK) viruses) showed significant differences between Nt-Ab titres for Panel B. Interestingly, the substitutions observed in epitopes of H-protein, L249P and G316A are observed to be unique to MeV-BGK. MDS of H-protein revealed significant fluctuations in neutralizing epitopes due to L249P substitution. The majority of the clinically suspected cases showed Nt-Abs to MeV wild-types. Higher IgG antibody avidity and Nt-Ab titres were noted in IgM-negatives than in IgM-positives cases, indicating reinfection or breakthrough. MDS revealed reduced neutralization due to decreased conformational flexibility in the H-epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Vaidya
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Neelakshi S. Kumbhar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Gargi K. Andhare
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Nilesh Pawar
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Atul M. Walimbe
- ICMR-National Institute of Virology, 20-A, Dr. Ambedkar Road, Pune 411001, India
| | - Meenal Kinikar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
| | - Sunitha M. Kasibhatla
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
- HPC-Medical and Bioinformatics Applications Group, Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Panchavati, Pashan, Pune 411008, India
| | - Urmila Kulkarni-Kale
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune 411007, India; (M.K.)
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Rubalskaia TS, Erokhov DV, Zherdeva PE, Mamaeva TA, Tikhonova NT. Global genetic diversity of measles virus (Paramyxoviridae: Morbillivirus: Morbillivirus hominis): historical aspects and current state. Vopr Virusol 2023; 68:361-371. [PMID: 38156571 DOI: 10.36233/0507-4088-187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the circulation of the measles virus and studying its genetic diversity is an important component of the measles elimination program. A methodological approach to molecular genetic studies and their interpretation in the measles surveillance was developed in the early 2000s. During its development, clear areas of circulation of each genotype of the virus were identified, therefore, the determination of viruses' genotypes was proposed to monitor circulation and identify transmission pathways. However, in the future, due to a significant decrease in the number of active genotypes, an approach based on sub-genotyping was proposed: determining not only the genotype of the virus, but also its genetic lineage/genetic variant. The Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network (GMRLN) systematically monitors the circulation of the measles virus at the sub-genotypic level, depositing the results in a specialized database MeaNS2. It is this database that is the most complete and reliable source of information about the genetic characteristic of measles viruses. This review presents both historical information and the latest data on the global genetic diversity of the measles virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Rubalskaia
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute of epidemiology and microbiology Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
| | - D V Erokhov
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute of epidemiology and microbiology Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
| | - P E Zherdeva
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute of epidemiology and microbiology Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
| | - T A Mamaeva
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute of epidemiology and microbiology Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
| | - N T Tikhonova
- G.N. Gabrichevsky Moscow research institute of epidemiology and microbiology Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing
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SR V, NS K, SS K, AM W, M A. Usefulness of diverse serological tests in the laboratory diagnosis of fever with skin-rash cases in children. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL VIROLOGY PLUS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcvp.2022.100071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Genome Sequences of Measles Virus D4 and D8 Genotypes from India. Microbiol Resour Announc 2021; 10:e0053821. [PMID: 34264108 PMCID: PMC8280873 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00538-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genomes of 15 measles viruses isolated in 2006 to 2017 from patients <16 years of age with fever and skin rashes from four states and two union territories of India were sequenced. Study genomes were phylogenetically analyzed using 143 Indian and global genomes. The study reconfirms two lineages of D4 isolates and three lineages of D8 isolates from India.
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Vaidya SR, Kasibhatla SM, Bhattad DR, Ramtirthkar MR, Kale MM, Raut CG, Kulkarni-Kale U. Characterization of diversity of measles viruses in India: Genomic sequencing and comparative genomics studies. J Infect 2020; 80:301-309. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vaidya SR, Kulkarni AS, Bhattad DR, Raut CG. Revealing true diversity of measles viruses circulating in India, 2012–17. J Infect 2019; 79:277-287. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2019.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Molecular mechanism by which residues at position 481 and 546 of measles virus hemagglutinin protein define CD46 receptor binding using a molecular docking approach. Comput Biol Chem 2019; 80:384-389. [PMID: 31112822 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The hemagglutinin (H) protein of measles viruses (MeV) mediates binding to the cellular receptors, CD46,human signaling lymphocyte activation molecule and nectin-4. Vaccine strains primarily contain H-proteins possessing MeV-H: Y481 and can utilize CD46. Reports suggest that a single amino acid change in MeV-H at position 481 in wild type strains renders them inefficient in utilizing CD46. The in-depth molecular mechanism by which substitutions at 481 and another reported critical residue position 546 affects CD46 binding affinity however remains elusive. We used molecular docking studies of CD46 with MeV-H possessing Y481 N/D to understand the in-depth molecular mechanism involved. It was found that loss in either of the hydrogen bond (H-bond) contacts (MeV-H:481-CD46:65, MeV-H:546-CD46:63) in the central contact region prevented efficient CD46 binding. Y481 N could form the specific H-bond, while G546S H-bond could be formed only in conjunction with Y481, revealing the significance of these residues in determining CD46 receptor binding potential. Elucidating the underlying molecular mechanism of receptor usage by the MeV has implications to understanding cellular tropism, viral pathogenesis and therapy.
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Wong BKC, Fadel SA, Awasthi S, Khera A, Kumar R, Menon G, Jha P. The impact of measles immunization campaigns in India using a nationally representative sample of 27,000 child deaths. eLife 2019; 8:e43290. [PMID: 30834890 PMCID: PMC6467562 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
India comprises much of the persisting global childhood measles mortality. India implemented a mass second-dose measles immunization campaign in 2010. We used interrupted time series and multilevel regression to quantify the campaign's impact on measles mortality using the nationally representative Million Death Study (including 27,000 child deaths in 1.3 million households surveyed from 2005 to 2013). 1-59 month measles mortality rates fell more in the campaign states following launch (27%) versus non-campaign states (11%). Declines were steeper in girls than boys and were specific to measles deaths. Measles mortality risk was lower for children living in a campaign district (OR 0.6, 99% CI 0.4-0.8) or born in 2009 or later (OR 0.8, 99% CI 0.7-0.9). The campaign averted up to 41,000-56,000 deaths during 2010-13, or 39-57% of the expected deaths nationally. Elimination of measles deaths in India is feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin KC Wong
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthSt. Michael’s Hospital, University of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Shaza A Fadel
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthSt. Michael’s Hospital, University of TorontoOntarioCanada
| | - Shally Awasthi
- Department of PediatricsKing George’s Medical UniversityLucknowIndia
| | - Ajay Khera
- Ministry of Health and Family WelfareGovernment of IndiaDelhiIndia
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- School of Public Health, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and ResearchChandigarhIndia
| | - Geetha Menon
- Department of Health Research, National Institute of Medical StatisticsIndian Council of Medical ResearchNew DelhiIndia
| | - Prabhat Jha
- Centre for Global Health Research, Dalla Lana School of Public HealthSt. Michael’s Hospital, University of TorontoOntarioCanada
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Vaidya SR, Kamble MB, Kumbhar NS. Laboratory‐based investigation of fever with rash cases in the Maharashtra State ‐ India, 2014 to 2017. J Med Virol 2019; 91:972-978. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sunil R. Vaidya
- Measles GroupICMR‐National Institute of VirologyPune Maharashtra India
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Jia L, Zhang R. Comprehensive Bioinformatics Analysis of the Immune Mechanism of Dendritic Cells Against Measles Virus. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:903-912. [PMID: 30705250 PMCID: PMC6367888 DOI: 10.12659/msm.912949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to explore the immune mechanism of dendritic cells (DCs) against measles virus (MV), and to identify potential biomarkers to improve measles prevention and treatment. Material/Methods The gene expression profile of GSE980, which comprised 10 DC samples from human blood infected with MV (RNA was isolated at 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-infection) and 4 normal DC control samples, was obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the MV-infected DC samples and the control samples were screened using Genevestigator software. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed using GenCLip 2.0 and STRING 10.5 software. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network was established using Cytoscape 3.4.0. Results The gene expression profiles of MV-infected DCs were obviously changed. Twenty-six common DEGs (0.9%, MV-infected DCs vs. normal DCs) were identified at 4 different time points, including 14 down-regulated and 12 up-regulated genes (P=0.001). GO analysis showed that DEGs were significantly enriched in defense response to virus, type I interferon signaling pathway, et al. ISG15 and CXCL10 were the key genes in the PPI network of the DEGs, and may interact directly with the type I interferon signaling and defense response to virus signaling. Conclusions The DEGs increased gradually with the duration of MV infection. The type I interferon signaling pathway and the defense response to viral processes can be activated against MV by ISG15 and CXCL10 in DCs. These may provide novel targets for the treatment of MV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Jia
- College of Humanities and Management, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
| | - Rongqiang Zhang
- College of Public Health, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, Shaanxi, China (mainland)
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Cherian SS, Walimbe AM, Moolpani K, Shirode A, Vaidya SR. Global spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of measles virus clade D genotypes in the context of the measles elimination goal 2020 in India. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2018; 66:37-42. [PMID: 30219321 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Measles viruses (MeV) circulating in India mainly belong to genoypes D4 and D8 of clade D. In the context of measles elimination goal 2020 in India, molecular clock and phylogeography studies would help to identify the timescales of evolution and track the transmission pathways of MeV. We used nucleoprotein gene sequences (n = 756) from GenBank, representing 86 countries (1973-2016), to study the spatiotemporal transmission dynamics of clade D. Genotype D4 was introduced into India around 1991 and genotype D8 around 1994. Recent transmissions of the D4 genotype of measles virus (MeV) were noted from India to the United States of America and East Asia region while D8 genotype importations from North America were noted in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A M Walimbe
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Karan Moolpani
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amruta Shirode
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sunil R Vaidya
- National Institute of Virology, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Detection of modified measles and super-spreader using a real-time reverse transcription PCR in the largest measles outbreak, Yamagata, Japan, 2017 in its elimination era. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:1707-1713. [PMID: 30081972 DOI: 10.1017/s095026881800211x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to verify the effectiveness of real-time reverse transcription (rRT) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for detecting cases of modified measles (M-Me) and for predicting super-spreader candidates through the experience of a measles outbreak dominated by M-Me in Yamagata, Japan, during March-April 2017. We applied rRT-PCR to specimens from 35 cases of M-Me, nine cases of typical measles (T-Me) and nine cases of prodromal stage of T-Me (P-Me). From rRT-PCR among the M-Me cases, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) showed the highest positive rate (80.0%), followed by throat swab (48.6%), urine (33.3%) and serum (3.1%). The negative result of PBMC in M-Me cases was recovered by the result of a throat swab. In specimens of PBMC, throat swab and urine, M-Me group showed the significantly higher cycle of threshold (i.e., lower viral load) in the rRT-PCR than T-Me and P-Me groups, respectively. Furthermore, three super-spreaders in T-Me or P-Me showed an extremely low cycle of threshold in their throat swab specimens. rRT-PCR using PBMC and throat swab might be helpful for clinical management and measles control by certain detection of M-Me cases and by predicting super-spreading events resulting from measles cases with the high viral load.
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