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Yin X, Zhu W, Tang X, Yang G, Zhao X, Zhao K, Jiang L, Li X, Zhao H, Wang X, Yan Y, Xing L, Yu J, Meng X, Zhao H. Phase I/II clinical trial of efficacy and safety of EGCG oxygen nebulization inhalation in the treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia patients with cancer. BMC Cancer 2024; 24:486. [PMID: 38632501 PMCID: PMC11022442 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-024-12228-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antiviral drug Nirmatrelvir was found to be a key drug in controlling the progression of pneumonia during the infectious phase of COVID-19. However, there are very few options for effective treatment for cancer patients who have viral pneumonia. Glucocorticoids is one of the effective means to control pneumonia, but there are many adverse events. EGCG is a natural low toxic compound with anti-inflammatory function. Thus, this study was designed to investigate the safety and efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) aerosol to control COVID-19 pneumonia in cancer populations. METHODS The study was designed as a prospective, single-arm, open-label phase I/II trial at Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, between January 5, 2023 to March 31,2023 with viral pneumonia on radiographic signs after confirmed novel coronavirus infection. These patients were treated with EGCG nebulization 10 ml three times daily for at least seven days. EGCG concentrations were increased from 1760-8817umol/L to 4 levels with dose escalation following a standard Phase I design of 3-6 patients per level. Any grade adverse event caused by EGCG was considered a dose-limiting toxicity (DLT). The maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is defined as the highest dose with less than one-third of patients experiencing dose limiting toxicity (DLT) due to EGCG. The primary end points were the toxicity of EGCG and CT findings, and the former was graded by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v. 5.0. The secondary end point was the laboratory parameters before and after treatment. RESULT A total of 60 patients with high risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia (factors such as old age, smoking and combined complications)were included in this phase I-II study. The 54 patients in the final analysis were pathologically confirmed to have tumor burden and completed the whole course of treatment. A patient with bucking at a level of 1760 umol/L and no acute toxicity associated with EGCG has been reported at the second or third dose gradients. At dose escalation to 8817umol/L, Grade 1 adverse events of nausea and stomach discomfort occurred in two patients, which resolved spontaneously within 1 hour. After one week of treatment, CT showed that the incidence of non-progression of pneumonia was 82% (32/39), and the improvement rate of pneumonia was 56.4% (22/39). There was no significant difference in inflammation-related laboratory parameters (white blood cell count, lymphocyte count, IL-6, ferritin, C-reactive protein and lactate dehydrogenase) before and after treatment. CONCLUSION Aerosol inhalation of EGCG is well tolerated, and preliminary investigation in cancer population suggests that EGCG may be effective in COVID-19-induced pneumonia, which can promote the improvement of patients with moderate pneumonia or prevent them from developing into severe pneumonia. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05758571. Date of registration: 8 February 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Yin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Wanqi Zhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyong Tang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangjian Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xianguang Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Kaikai Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liyang Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Yan
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, 250117, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ligang Xing
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jinming Yu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangjiao Meng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Hanxi Zhao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jiyan Road 440, 250117, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Zhao Y, Li C, Zhang S, Cheng J, Liu Y, Han X, Wang Y, Wang Y. Inhaled nitric oxide: can it serve as a savior for COVID-19 and related respiratory and cardiovascular diseases? Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1277552. [PMID: 37849924 PMCID: PMC10577426 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1277552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO), as an important gaseous medium, plays a pivotal role in the human body, such as maintaining vascular homeostasis, regulating immune-inflammatory responses, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and inhibiting leukocyte adhesion. In recent years, the rapid prevalence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has greatly affected the daily lives and physical and mental health of people all over the world, and the therapeutic efficacy and resuscitation strategies for critically ill patients need to be further improved and perfected. Inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) is a selective pulmonary vasodilator, and some studies have demonstrated its potential therapeutic use for COVID-19, severe respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary infections, and pulmonary hypertension. In this article, we describe the biochemistry and basic characteristics of NO and discuss whether iNO can act as a "savior" for COVID-19 and related respiratory and cardiovascular disorders to exert a potent clinical protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yucheng Liu
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, McGaw Medical Center of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Xiaorong Han
- Department of Special Care Center, Fuwai Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yinghui Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yonggang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Meng QT, Song WQ, Churilov LP, Zhang FM, Wang YF. Psychophysical therapy and underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms for the rehabilitation of long COVID-19. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1120475. [PMID: 37842301 PMCID: PMC10570751 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1120475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
With the global epidemic and prevention of the COVID-19, long COVID-19 sequelae and its comprehensive prevention have attracted widespread attention. Long COVID-19 sequelae refer to that three months after acute COVID-19, the test of SARS-CoV-2 is negative, but some symptoms still exist, such as cough, prolonged dyspnea and fatigue, shortness of breath, palpitations and insomnia. Its pathological mechanism is related to direct viral damage, immunopathological response, endocrine and metabolism disorders. Although there are more effective methods for treating COVID-19, the treatment options available for patients with long COVID-19 remain quite limited. Psychophysical therapies, such as exercise, oxygen therapy, photobiomodulation, and meditation, have been attempted as treatment modalities for long COVID-19, which have the potential to promote recovery through immune regulation, antioxidant effects, and neuroendocrine regulation. Neuroendocrine regulation plays a significant role in repairing damage after viral infection, regulating immune homeostasis, and improving metabolic activity in patients with long COVID-19. This review uses oxytocin as an example to examine the neuroendocrine mechanisms involved in the psychophysical therapies of long COVID-19 syndrome and proposes a psychophysical strategy for the treatment of long COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Tai Meng
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wu-Qi Song
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leonid P. Churilov
- Department of Experimental Tuberculosis, St. Petersburg State Research Institute of Phthisiopulmonology, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Feng-Min Zhang
- WU Lien-Teh Institute, Department of Microbiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Department of Physiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- International Translational Neuroscience Research Institute, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Uematsu T, Takano T, Matsui H, Kobayashi N, Ōmura S, Hanaki H. Prophylactic administration of ivermectin attenuates SARS-CoV-2 induced disease in a Syrian Hamster Model. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2023; 76:481-488. [PMID: 37185581 PMCID: PMC10127164 DOI: 10.1038/s41429-023-00623-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, is currently among the most important public health concerns worldwide. Although several effective vaccines have been developed, there is an urgent clinical need for effective pharmaceutical treatments for treatment of COVID-19. Ivermectin, a chemical derivative of avermectin produced by Streptomyces avermitilis, is a macrocyclic lactone with antiparasitic activity. Recent studies have shown that ivermectin inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the in vivo effects of ivermectin in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The results of the present study demonstrate oral administration of ivermectin prior to SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters was associated with decreased weight loss and pulmonary inflammation. In addition, the administration of ivermectin reduced pulmonary viral titers and mRNA expression level of pro-inflammatory cytokines associated with severe COVID-19 disease. The administration of ivermectin rapidly induced the production of virus-specific neutralizing antibodies in the late stage of viral infection. Zinc concentrations leading to immune quiescence were also significantly higher in the lungs of ivermectin-treated hamsters compared to controls. These results indicate that ivermectin may have efficacy in reducing the development and severity of COVID-19 by affecting host immunity in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Uematsu
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan.
| | - Tomomi Takano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Infectious Disease, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori, Japan
| | - Hidehito Matsui
- Infection Control Research Center, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Biomedical Laboratory, Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ōmura
- Drug Discovery Project from Natural Products, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideaki Hanaki
- Infection Control Research Center, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute, Kitasato University, Minato-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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5
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Rastmanesh R, Krishnia L, Kashyap MK. The Influence of COVID-19 in Endocrine Research: Critical Overview, Methodological Implications and a Guideline for Future Designs. Clin Med Insights Endocrinol Diabetes 2023; 16:11795514231189073. [PMID: 37529301 PMCID: PMC10387761 DOI: 10.1177/11795514231189073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed many aspects of people's lives, including not only individual social behavior, healthcare procedures, and altered physiological and pathophysiological responses. As a result, some medical studies may be influenced by one or more hidden factors brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the literature review method, we are briefly discussing the studies that are confounded by COVID-19 and facemask-induced partiality and how these factors can be further complicated with other confounding variables. Facemask wearing has been reported to produce partiality in studies of ophthalmology (particularly dry eye and related ocular diseases), sleep studies, cognitive studies (such as emotion-recognition accuracy research, etc.), and gender-influenced studies, to mention a few. There is a possibility that some other COVID-19 related influences remain unrecognized in medical research. To account for heterogeneity, current and future studies need to consider the severity of the initial illness (such as diabetes, other endocrine disorders), and COVID-19 infection, the timing of analysis, or the presence of a control group. Face mask-induced influences may confound the results of diabetes studies in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lucky Krishnia
- Amity Centre of Nanotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Kashyap
- Amity Medical School, Amity Stem Cell Institute, Amity University Haryana, Panchgaon, Haryana, India
- Clinical Biosamples & Research Services (CBRS), Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
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6
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Ceja-Gálvez HR, Renteria-Flores FI, Nicoletti F, Hernández-Bello J, Macedo-Ojeda G, Muñoz-Valle JF. Severe COVID-19: Drugs and Clinical Trials. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12082893. [PMID: 37109231 PMCID: PMC10142549 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12082893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
By January of 2023, the COVID-19 pandemic had led to a reported total of 6,700,883 deaths and 662,631,114 cases worldwide. To date, there have been no effective therapies or standardized treatment schemes for this disease; therefore, the search for effective prophylactic and therapeutic strategies is a primary goal that must be addressed. This review aims to provide an analysis of the most efficient and promising therapies and drugs for the prevention and treatment of severe COVID-19, comparing their degree of success, scope, and limitations, with the aim of providing support to health professionals in choosing the best pharmacological approach. An investigation of the most promising and effective treatments against COVID-19 that are currently available was carried out by employing search terms including "Convalescent plasma therapy in COVID-19" or "Viral polymerase inhibitors" and "COVID-19" in the Clinicaltrials.gov and PubMed databases. From the current perspective and with the information available from the various clinical trials assessing the efficacy of different therapeutic options, we conclude that it is necessary to standardize certain variables-such as the viral clearance time, biomarkers associated with severity, hospital stay, requirement of invasive mechanical ventilation, and mortality rate-in order to facilitate verification of the efficacy of such treatments and to better assess the repeatability of the most effective and promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazael Ramiro Ceja-Gálvez
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Francisco Israel Renteria-Flores
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Ferdinando Nicoletti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Jorge Hernández-Bello
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences, University Center of Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, Jalisco, Mexico
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7
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Ashton RE, Philips BE, Faghy M. The acute and chronic implications of the COVID-19 virus on the cardiovascular system in adults: A systematic review. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 2023; 76:31-37. [PMID: 36690284 PMCID: PMC9854143 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcad.2023.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) primarily being identified as a respiratory illness, some patients who seemingly recovered from initial infection, developed chronic multi-system complications such as cardiovascular (CV), pulmonary and neurological issues leading to multiple organ injuries. However, to date, there is a dearth of understanding of the acute and chronic implications of a COVID-19 infection on the CV system in adults. A systematic review of the literature was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines and prospectively registered via Prospero (ID: CRD42022360444). The MEDLINE Ovid, Cochrane Library and PubMed databases were searched from inception to August 2022. The search strategy keywords and MeSH terms used included: 1) COVID; 2) coronavirus; 3) long COVID; 4) cardiovascular; and 5) cardiovascular disease. Reference lists of all relevant systematic reviews identified were searched for additional studies. A total of 11,332 records were retrieved from database searches, of which 310 records were duplicates. A further 9887 were eliminated following screening of titles and abstracts. After full-text screening of 1135 articles, 9 manuscripts were included for review. The evidence of CV implications post-COVID-19 infection is clear, and this must be addressed with appropriate management strategies that recognise the acute and chronic nature of cardiac injury in COVID-19 patients. Efficacious management strategies will be needed to address long standing issues and morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E Ashton
- Biomedical Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America.
| | - Bethan E Philips
- MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research and National Institute for Health Research Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Derby, UK
| | - Mark Faghy
- Biomedical Research Theme, School of Human Sciences, University of Derby, Derby, UK; Healthy Living for Pandemic Event Protection (HL - PIVOT) Network, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America
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Siewiera J, Brodaczewska K, Jermakow N, Lubas A, Kłos K, Majewska A, Kot J. Effectiveness of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia: The Primary Results of a Randomised Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 12:jcm12010008. [PMID: 36614808 PMCID: PMC9820955 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mortality in COVID-19 is mainly associated with respiratory failure, cytokine storm, and macrophage activation. Oxygenation and anti-inflammatory effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) suggest that it is a promising adjunct treatment for COVID-19. Repeated sessions of HBO with standard COVID-19 therapy were used to reduce the inflammation and increase oxygenation. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of HBOT in avoiding the replacement ventilation and/or ECMO and its effect on the inflammatory process. Twenty-eight moderate-to-severe COVID-19 patients were randomized into control or HBOT group. HBOT patients participated in 5 hyperbaric sessions (60 min). Before and after each session blood gas levels and vital parameters were monitored. Blood samples were collected for extended biochemical tests, blood morphology and immunological assays. There were 3 deaths in the control, no deaths in the HBOT group. No adverse events leading to discontinuation of HBOT were observed and patients receiving HBOT required lower oxygen delivery. We observed decrease in CRP, ferritin and LDH and increase in CD3 in HBOT group compared to control. This study confirmed the feasibility and safety of HBOT in patients with COVID-19 and indicated HBOT can lead to alleviation of inflammation and partial restoration of T cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Siewiera
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Brodaczewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Department of Hyperbaric Medicine, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Arkadiusz Lubas
- Department of Internal Diseases Nephrology and Dialysis, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kłos
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Allergology, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Majewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Innovative Therapies, Military Institute of Medicine—National Research Institute, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine (SMM), Warsaw Medical University, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacek Kot
- National Centre for Hyperbaric Medicine, Institute of Maritime and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 81-519 Gdynia, Poland
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Cimellaro A, Addesi D, Cavallo M, Spagnolo F, Suraci E, Cordaro R, Spinelli I, Passafaro F, Colosimo M, Pintaudi M, Pintaudi C. Monoclonal Antibodies and Antivirals against SARS-CoV-2 Reduce the Risk of Long COVID: A Retrospective Propensity Score-Matched Case-Control Study. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123135. [PMID: 36551891 PMCID: PMC9775930 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long COVID is a complex condition affecting quality of life, with limited therapeutic options. We investigated the occurrence of long COVID in subjects receiving early therapy with monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or antivirals to reduce the risk of COVID-19 progression. In this retrospective study we enrolled 737 adult patients (aged 65.16 ± 13.46; 361F), who experienced COVID-19 between January 2021 and March 2022. Antiviral or mAbs were administered to symptomatic patients who did not require oxygen therapy or hospital admission for SARS-CoV-2 infection, and who were at high risk of progression to severe disease, as identified by age > 65 years or the presence of comorbidities. Long COVID, defined as newly or persistent long-term symptoms 4 weeks after the onset of the acute illness, was reported in 204 cases (28%). Age (OR 1.03; p < 0.001), gender (OR 1.88; p < 0.001) and at least three comorbidities (OR 3.49; p = 0.049) were directly associated with long COVID; conversely, vaccination (OR 0.59; p = 0.005) and mAbs/antivirals (OR 0.44; p = 0.002) were independently associated with a reduced risk of long COVID. At a propensity-score-matched analysis, the mAbs/antivirals group had a significantly lower occurrence of long COVID in comparison with untreated controls (11% vs. 34%; p = 0.001). In conclusion, mAbs and antivirals administered against the progression of COVID-19 were associated with a reduced risk of long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cimellaro
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Desirée Addesi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michela Cavallo
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Spagnolo
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Edoardo Suraci
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cordaro
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ines Spinelli
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Passafaro
- Coordination of Special Unit of Continuity Care for Local Health Authority, Via Vinicio Cortese n.25, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Manuela Colosimo
- Microbiology and Virology Unit, Service Department, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Medea Pintaudi
- Neurophysiology and Neurobiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo n.200, 00128 Rome, Italy
| | - Carmelo Pintaudi
- Internal Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital of Catanzaro, Via Pio X n.83, 88100 Catanzaro, Italy
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Lee JH, Kanwar B, Khattak A, Balentine J, Nguyen NH, Kast RE, Lee CJ, Bourbeau J, Altschuler EL, Sergi CM, Nguyen TNM, Oh S, Sohn MG, Coleman M. COVID-19 Molecular Pathophysiology: Acetylation of Repurposing Drugs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13260. [PMID: 36362045 PMCID: PMC9656873 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) induces immune-mediated type 1 interferon (IFN-1) production, the pathophysiology of which involves sterile alpha motif and histidine-aspartate domain-containing protein 1 (SAMHD1) tetramerization and the cytosolic DNA sensor cyclic-GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway. As a result, type I interferonopathies are exacerbated. Aspirin inhibits cGAS-mediated signaling through cGAS acetylation. Acetylation contributes to cGAS activity control and activates IFN-1 production and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling via STING. Aspirin and dapsone inhibit the activation of both IFN-1 and NF-κB by targeting cGAS. We define these as anticatalytic mechanisms. It is necessary to alleviate the pathologic course and take the lag time of the odds of achieving viral clearance by day 7 to coordinate innate or adaptive immune cell reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hoon Lee
- Science and Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Badar Kanwar
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Asif Khattak
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Jenny Balentine
- Department of Intensive Care Unit and Neonatal Intensive Care, Hunt Regional Hospital, Greenville, 75401 TX, USA
| | - Ngoc Huy Nguyen
- Department of Health, Phutho Province, Tran Phu Str., Viet Tri City 227, Vietnam
| | | | - Chul Joong Lee
- Department of Anesthesiology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Jean Bourbeau
- Respiratory Epidemiology and Clinical Research Unit, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada
| | - Eric L. Altschuler
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Metropolitan Hospital, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Consolato M. Sergi
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario (CHEO), University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | | | - Sangsuk Oh
- Department of Food Engineering, Food Safety Laboratory, Memory Unit, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03600, Korea
| | - Mun-Gi Sohn
- Department of Food Science, KyungHee University College of Life Science, Seoul 17104, Korea
| | - Michael Coleman
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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11
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Neuro–Immune Interactions in Severe COVID-19 Infection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11111256. [PMID: 36365007 PMCID: PMC9699641 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11111256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a new coronavirus that has affected the world since 2019. Interstitial pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation, but additional symptoms have been reported, including neurological manifestations. Severe forms of infection, especially in elderly patients, present as an excessive inflammatory response called “cytokine storm”, which can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), multiorgan failure and death. Little is known about the relationship between symptoms and clinical outcomes or the characteristics of virus–host interactions. The aim of this narrative review is to highlight possible links between neurological involvement and respiratory damage mediated by pathological inflammatory pathways in SARS-CoV-2 infection. We will focus on neuro–immune interactions and age-related immunity decline and discuss some pathological mechanisms that contribute to negative outcomes in COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, we will describe available therapeutic strategies and their effects on COVID-19 neurological symptoms.
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12
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The Role of Nutrients in Prevention, Treatment and Post-Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14051000. [PMID: 35267974 PMCID: PMC8912782 DOI: 10.3390/nu14051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 virus, infecting human cells via its spike protein, causes Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 is characterized by shortness of breath, fever, and pneumonia and is sometimes fatal. Unfortunately, to date, there is still no definite therapy to treat COVID-19. Therefore, the World Health Organization (WHO) approved only supportive care. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to maintain a correct intake of nutrients to support very weakened patients in overcoming disease arose. The literature available on nutrient intake for COVID-19 is mainly focused on prevention. However, the safe intake of micro- and/or macro-nutrients can be useful either for preventing infection and supporting the immune response during COVID-19, as well as in the post-acute phase, i.e., “long COVID”, that is sometimes characterized by the onset of various long lasting and disabling symptoms. The aim of this review is to focus on the role of nutrient intake during all the different phases of the disease, including prevention, the acute phase, and finally long COVID.
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13
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Soleymani S, Naghizadeh A, Karimi M, Zarei A, Mardi R, Kordafshari G, Esmaealzadeh N, Zargaran A. COVID-19: General Strategies for Herbal Therapies. J Evid Based Integr Med 2022; 27:2515690X211053641. [PMID: 34985368 PMCID: PMC8744081 DOI: 10.1177/2515690x211053641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic started in early 2020 with the outbreak of a highly pathogenic human coronavirus. The world is facing a challenge and there is a pressing need for efficient drugs. Plants and natural compounds are a proven rich resource for new drug discovery. Considering the potential of natural products to manage the pandemic, this article was designed to provide an inclusive map of the stages and pathogenetic mechanisms for effective natural products on COVID-19. New drug discovery for the COVID-19 pandemic can encompass both prevention and disease management strategies. Preventive mechanisms that may be considered include boosting the immune response and hand hygiene in the preexposure phase; and blocking of virus binding and entry in the postexposure phase. Potential therapeutic target mechanisms include virus-directed therapies and host-directed therapies. Several medicinal plants and natural products, such as Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal and propolis for prevention; Tanacetum parthenium (L.) for treatment; and Ammoides verticillata (Desf.) Briq and Nigella sativa L. for both prevention and treatment have been found effective and are good targets for future research. The examples of phytochemical compounds that may be effective include aloin and terpenes as anti-septics; isothymol, dithymoquinone, and glycyrrhizin as inhibitors of virus binding and entry; glycyrrhizin, and berberine as replication suppressants; ginsenoside Rg1 and parthenolide as immunomodulators; and eriocitrin, rhoifolin, hesperidin, naringin, rutin, and veronicastroside as anti-complements. Recognizing different mechanisms of fighting against this virus can lead to a more systematic approach in finding natural products and medicinal plants for COVID-19 prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Soleymani
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ayeh Naghizadeh
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Karimi
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azadeh Zarei
- Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raefeh Mardi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Kordafshari
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niusha Esmaealzadeh
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arman Zargaran
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Monterde D, Carot-Sans G, Cainzos-Achirica M, Abilleira S, Coca M, Vela E, Clèries M, Valero-Bover D, Comin-Colet J, García-Eroles L, Pérez-Sust P, Arrufat M, Lejardi Y, Piera-Jiménez J. Performance of Three Measures of Comorbidity in Predicting Critical COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of 4607 Hospitalized Patients. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2021; 14:4729-4737. [PMID: 34849041 PMCID: PMC8627311 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s326132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Comorbidity burden has been identified as a relevant predictor of critical illness in patients hospitalized with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, comorbidity burden is often represented by a simple count of few conditions that may not fully capture patients' complexity. Purpose To evaluate the performance of a comprehensive index of the comorbidity burden (Queralt DxS), which includes all chronic conditions present on admission, as an adjustment variable in models for predicting critical illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients and compare it with two broadly used measures of comorbidity. Materials and Methods We analyzed data from all COVID-19 hospitalizations reported in eight public hospitals in Catalonia (North-East Spain) between June 15 and December 8 2020. The primary outcome was a composite of critical illness that included the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, transfer to ICU, or in-hospital death. Predictors including age, sex, and comorbidities present on admission measured using three indices: the Charlson index, the Elixhauser index, and the Queralt DxS index for comorbidities on admission. The performance of different fitted models was compared using various indicators, including the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROCC). Results Our analysis included 4607 hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Of them, 1315 experienced critical illness. Comorbidities significantly contributed to predicting the outcome in all summary indices used. AUC (95% CI) for prediction of critical illness was 0.641 (0.624-0.660) for the Charlson index, 0.665 (0.645-0.681) for the Elixhauser index, and 0.787 (0.773-0.801) for the Queralt DxS index. Other metrics of model performance also showed Queralt DxS being consistently superior to the other indices. Conclusion In our analysis, the ability of comorbidity indices to predict critical illness in hospitalized COVID-19 patients increased with their exhaustivity. The comprehensive Queralt DxS index may improve the accuracy of predictive models for resource allocation and clinical decision-making in the hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Monterde
- Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain.,Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerard Carot-Sans
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Cainzos-Achirica
- Center for Outcomes Research, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA.,Johns Hopkins Ciccarone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sònia Abilleira
- Catalan Institute of Health, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Coca
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emili Vela
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Clèries
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Damià Valero-Bover
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Comin-Colet
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Bioheart-Cardiovascular Diseases Research Group (Idibell), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, Universität de Barcelona - UB, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis García-Eroles
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Jordi Piera-Jiménez
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Sistema de Salut de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain.,Servei Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain.,Open Evidence Research Group, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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15
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Perri F, Crispo A, Ionna F, Muto P, Caponigro F, Longo F, Montagnese C, Franco P, Pavone E, Aversa C, Guida A, Bimonte S, Ottaiano A, Di Marzo M, Porciello G, Amore A, Celentano E, Della Vittoria Scarpati G, Cascella M. Patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A population particularly prone to developing severe forms of COVID-19. Exp Ther Med 2021; 22:1298. [PMID: 34630653 PMCID: PMC8461515 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.10733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the recent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which has spread all over the world over the past year. Comorbidities appear to affect the prognosis of patients with such diseases, but the impact of cancer on the course of SARS-CoV2 has remained largely elusive. The aim of the present study is to analyze the outcome of patients affected by squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) and a number of their comorbidities, if infected with SARS-CoV2. The clinical data of 100 patients affected by SCCHN, who were undergoing treatment or who had finished their oncologic treatment in the past 6 months, were retrospectively collected and analysed. For each patient, the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was calculated to provide a score assessing the real weight of comorbidities on the patient's outcome at the time of diagnosis. It was discovered that these patients, besides the SCCHN, frequently presented at diagnosis with several other comorbidities, including hypertension, type 2 diabetes, cardiac arrhytmia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and various forms of vasculopathy (and thus a poor CCI). This feature suggest that, given the high frequency of various comorbidities in patients with SCCHN, additional SARS-CoV2 infection could have particularly devastating consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Perri
- Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy,Correspondence to: Dr Francesco Perri, Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, 8031 Via M. Semmola, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Franco Ionna
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Muto
- Radiation Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Caponigro
- Head and Neck Medical and Experimental Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Longo
- Otolaryngology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza di San Giovanni Rotondo, I-71013 Foggia, Italy
| | - Concetta Montagnese
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Franco
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Pavone
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Corrado Aversa
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Agostino Guida
- Otolaryngology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sabrina Bimonte
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandro Ottaiano
- Innovative Therapies for Abdominal Metastases, Department of Abdominal Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Di Marzo
- Colorectal and Abdominal Surgery Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Porciello
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Amore
- Department Melanoma, Soft Tissue, Muscle-Skeletal and Head-Neck, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Egidio Celentano
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Cascella
- Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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16
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Molecular cloning and characterization of NPC1L1 in the Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis). Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:7975-7984. [PMID: 34716864 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06829-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Niemann-Pick C1-Like 1 protein, a multi-transmembrane domain molecule, is critical for intestinal cholesterol absorption, and is the entry factor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). The Chinese tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri chinensis) is closer to primates in terms of genetic evolution than rodents. Previous studies indicated that the tree shrew was suitable for HCV research; however, little is known about tree shrew NPC1L1. METHODS AND RESULTS TsNPC1L1 cDNA was amplified by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) technology. The cDNA sequence, its encoded protein structure, and expression profile were analyzed. Results indicated that the tsNPC1L1 mRNA is 4948 bp in length and encodes a 1326 amino acid protein. TsNPC1L1 possesses 84.97% identity in homology to human NPC1L1 which is higher than both mouse (80.37%) and rat (81.80%). The protein structure was also similar to human with 13 conserved transmembrane helices, and a sterol-sensing domain (SSD). Like human NPC1L1, the tsNPC1L1 mRNA transcript is highly expressed in small intestine, but it was also well-expressed in the lung and pancreas of the tree shrew. CONCLUSION The homology of tree shrew NPC1L1 was closer to human than that of rodent NPC1L1. The expression of tsNPC1L1 was the highest in small intestine, and was detectable in lung and pancreas. These results may be useful in the study of tsNPC1L1 function in cholesterol absorption and HCV infection.
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17
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Salimi-Jeda A, Abbassi S, Mousavizadeh A, Esghaie M, Bokharaei-Salim F, Jeddi F, Shafaati M, Abdoli A. SARS-CoV-2: Current trends in emerging variants, pathogenesis, immune responses, potential therapeutic, and vaccine development strategies. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 101:108232. [PMID: 34673335 PMCID: PMC8519814 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.108232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
More than a year after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, the Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) is still a major global challenge for scientists to understand the different dimensions of infection and find ways to prevent, treat, and develop a vaccine. On January 30, 2020, the world health organization (WHO) officially announced this new virus as an international health emergency. While many biological and mechanisms of pathogenicity of this virus are still unclear, it seems that cytokine storm resulting from an immune response against the virus is considered the main culprit of the severity of the disease. Despite many global efforts to control the SARS-CoV-2, several problems and challenges have been posed in controlling the COVID-19 infection. These problems include the various mutations, the emergence of variants with high transmissibility, the short period of immunity against the virus, the possibility of reinfection in people improved, lack of specific drugs, and problems in the development of highly sensitive and specific vaccines. In this review, we summarized the results of the current trend and the latest research studies on the characteristics of the structure and genome of the SARS-CoV- 2, new mutations and variants of SARS-CoV-2, pathogenicity, immune response, virus diagnostic tests, potential treatment, and vaccine candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Salimi-Jeda
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sina Abbassi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atieh Mousavizadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Esghaie
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Jeddi
- Department of Medical Genetics and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Maryam Shafaati
- Department of Microbiology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Fars, Iran
| | - Asghar Abdoli
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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18
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Prediction on transmission trajectory of COVID-19 based on particle swarm algorithm. Pattern Recognit Lett 2021; 152:70-78. [PMID: 34538991 PMCID: PMC8440343 DOI: 10.1016/j.patrec.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to predict the transmission trajectory of the 2019 Corona Virus Disease (COVID-19). The particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was combined with the traditional susceptible exposed infected recovered (SEIR) infectious disease prediction model to propose a SEIR-PSO prediction model on the COVID-19. In addition, the domestic epidemic data from February 25, 2020 to March 20, 2020 in China were selected as the training set for analysis. The results showed that when the conversion rate, recovery rate, and mortality rate of the SEIR-PSO model were 1/5, 1/15, and 1/13, its predictive effect on the number of people diagnosed with COVID-19 was the closest to the real data; and the SEIR-PSO model showed a mean-square errors (MSE) value of 1304.35 and mean absolute error (MAE) value of 1069.18, showing the best prediction effect compared with the susceptible infectious susceptible (SIS) model and the SEIR model. In contrary to the standard particle swarm optimization (SPSO) and linear weighted particle swarm optimization (LPSO), which were two classical improved PSO algorithms, the reliability and diversity of the SEIR-PSO model were higher. In summary, the SEIR-PSO model showed excellent performance in predicting the time series of COVID-19 epidemic data, and showed reliable application value for the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.
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19
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Sharma HN, Latimore COD, Matthews QL. Biology and Pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2: Understandings for Therapeutic Developments against COVID-19. Pathogens 2021; 10:1218. [PMID: 34578250 PMCID: PMC8470303 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10091218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses are positive sense, single-stranded, enveloped, and non-segmented RNA viruses that belong to the Coronaviridae family within the order Nidovirales and suborder Coronavirinae. Two Alphacoronavirus strains: HCoV-229E and HCoV-NL63 and five Betacoronaviruses: HCoV-HKU1, HCoV-OC43, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2 have so far been recognized as Human Coronaviruses (HCoVs). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 is currently the greatest concern for humanity. Despite the overflow of research on SARS-CoV-2 and other HCoVs published every week, existing knowledge in this area is insufficient for the complete understanding of the viruses and the diseases caused by them. This review is based on the analysis of 210 published works, and it attempts to cover the basic biology of coronaviruses, including the genetic characteristics, life cycle, and host-pathogen interaction, pathogenesis, the antiviral drugs, and vaccines against HCoVs, especially focusing on SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, we will briefly discuss the potential link between extracellular vesicles (EVs) and SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Homa Nath Sharma
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
| | | | - Qiana L. Matthews
- Microbiology Program, Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
- Department of Biological Sciences, Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA;
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20
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Chitsike L, Duerksen-Hughes P. Keep out! SARS-CoV-2 entry inhibitors: their role and utility as COVID-19 therapeutics. Virol J 2021; 18:154. [PMID: 34301275 PMCID: PMC8301738 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01624-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has put healthcare infrastructures and our social and economic lives under unprecedented strain. Effective solutions are needed to end the pandemic while significantly lessening its further impact on mortality and social and economic life. Effective and widely-available vaccines have appropriately long been seen as the best way to end the pandemic. Indeed, the current availability of several effective vaccines are already making a significant progress towards achieving that goal. Nevertheless, concerns have risen due to new SARS-CoV-2 variants that harbor mutations against which current vaccines are less effective. Furthermore, some individuals are unwilling or unable to take the vaccine. As health officials across the globe scramble to vaccinate their populations to reach herd immunity, the challenges noted above indicate that COVID-19 therapeutics are still needed to work alongside the vaccines. Here we describe the impact that neutralizing antibodies have had on those with early or mild COVID-19, and what their approval for early management of COVID-19 means for other viral entry inhibitors that have a similar mechanism of action. Importantly, we also highlight studies that show that therapeutic strategies involving various viral entry inhibitors such as multivalent antibodies, recombinant ACE2 and miniproteins can be effective not only for pre-exposure prophylaxis, but also in protecting against SARS-CoV-2 antigenic drift and future zoonotic sarbecoviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lennox Chitsike
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, 101 Alumni Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA
| | - Penelope Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, 11021 Campus Street, 101 Alumni Hall, Loma Linda, CA, 92354, USA.
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21
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Zhu A, Zakusilo G, Lee MS, Kim J, Kim H, Ying X, Chen YH, Jedlicka C, Mages K, Choi JJ. Laboratory parameters and outcomes in hospitalized adults with COVID-19: a scoping review. Infection 2021; 50:1-9. [PMID: 34247320 PMCID: PMC8272607 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-021-01659-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background Laboratory parameters and the associated clinical outcomes have been an area of focus in COVID-19 research globally. Purpose We performed a scoping review to synthesize laboratory values described in the literature and their associations with mortality and disease severity. Methods We identified all primary studies involving laboratory values with clinical outcomes as a primary endpoint by performing data searches in various systematic review databases until 10th August, 2020. Two reviewers independently reviewed all abstracts (13,568 articles) and full text (1126 articles) data. A total of 529 studies involving 165,020 patients from 28 different countries were included. Investigation of the number of studies and patients from a geographical perspective showed that the majority of published literature from January–March 2020 to April–June 2020 was from Asia, though there was a temporal shift in published studies to Europe and the Americas. For each laboratory value, the proportion of studies that noted a statistically significant (p < 0.05) correlation with adverse clinical outcomes (e.g., mortality, disease severity) was tabulated. Results and conclusion Among frequently reported laboratory values, blood urea nitrogen was the most often reported predictor of mortality (91%); neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio was the most frequent statistically significant laboratory parameter in predicting disease severity (96%). This review highlights the temporal progression of laboratory value frequencies, as well as potentially distinct utilities of different markers for clinical outcomes of COVID-19. Future research pathways include using this collected data for focused quantitative meta-analyses of particular laboratory values correlated with clinical outcomes of mortality and disease severity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s15010-021-01659-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Zhu
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.
| | - George Zakusilo
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Matthew S Lee
- Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Julie Kim
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,Laboratory of Bacteriology, The Rockefeller University, New York, USA
| | - Xiaohan Ying
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Yu Han Chen
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Caroline Jedlicka
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Keith Mages
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Justin J Choi
- Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY, 10065, USA
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22
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Aomar-Millán IF, Salvatierra J, Torres-Parejo Ú, Faro-Miguez N, Callejas-Rubio JL, Ceballos-Torres Á, Cruces-Moreno MT, Gómez-Jiménez FJ, Hernández-Quero J, Anguita-Santos F. Anakinra after treatment with corticosteroids alone or with tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate hyperinflammation. A retrospective cohort study. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:843-852. [PMID: 33400157 PMCID: PMC7782569 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02600-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Little evidence appears to exist for the use of anakinra, a recombinant interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, after non-response to treatment with corticosteroids alone or combined with tocilizumab in patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate hyperinflammatory state. PATIENTS AND METHODS A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out involving 143 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia and moderate hyperinflammation. They received standard therapy along with pulses of methylprednisolone (group 1) or methylprednisolone plus tocilizumab (group 2), with the possibility of receiving anakinra (group 3) according to protocol. The aim of this study was to assess the role of anakinra in the clinical course (death, admission to the intensive care ward) during the first 60 days after the first corticosteroid pulse. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging characteristics as well as infectious complications were also analyzed. RESULTS 74 patients (51.7%) in group 1, 59 (41.3%) patients in group 2, and 10 patients (7%) in group 3 were included. 8 patients (10.8%) in group 1 died, 6 (10.2%) in group 2, and 0 (0%) in group 3. After adjustment for age and clinical severity indices, treatment with anakinra was associated with a reduced risk of mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 0.518, 95% CI 0.265-0.910; p = 0.0437). Patients in group 3 had a lower mean CD4 count after 3 days of treatment. No patients in this group presented infectious complications. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate hyperinflammatory state associated with severe COVID-19 pneumonia, treatment with anakinra after non-response to corticosteroids or corticosteroids plus tocilizumab therapy may be an option for the management of these patients and may improve their prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ismael Francisco Aomar-Millán
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Salvatierra
- Department of Rheumatology, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - Úrsula Torres-Parejo
- Department of Statistics and Operational Research, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Naya Faro-Miguez
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Callejas-Rubio
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Ceballos-Torres
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Javier Gómez-Jiménez
- Department of Internal Medicine, San Cecilio University Hospital, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n, 18016, Granada, Spain
| | - José Hernández-Quero
- Department of Infectious Diseases, San Cecilio University Hospital, Granada, Spain
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23
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Maltezou HC, Pavli A, Tsakris A. Post-COVID Syndrome: An Insight on Its Pathogenesis. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:497. [PMID: 34066007 PMCID: PMC8151752 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9050497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-COVID syndrome is increasingly recognized as a new clinical entity in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Symptoms persisting for more than three weeks after the diagnosis of COVID-19 characterize the post-COVID syndrome. Its incidence ranges from 10% to 35%, however, rates as high as 85% have been reported among patients with a history of hospitalization. Currently, there is no consensus on the classification of post-COVID syndrome. We reviewed the published information on post-COVID syndrome, putting emphasis on its pathogenesis. The pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome is multi-factorial and more than one mechanism may be implicated in several clinical manifestations. Prolonged inflammation has a key role in its pathogenesis and may account for some neurological complications, cognitive dysfunction, and several other symptoms. A multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults (MIS-A) of all ages has been also described recently, similarly to multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The post-infectious inflammatory pathogenetic mechanism of MIS-A is supported by the fact that its diagnosis is established through serology in up to one third of cases. Other pathogenetic mechanisms that are implicated in post-COVID syndrome include immune-mediated vascular dysfunction, thromboembolism, and nervous system dysfunction. Although the current data are indicating that the overwhelming majority of patients with post-COVID syndrome have a good prognosis, registries to actively follow them are needed in order to define the full clinical spectrum and its long-term outcome. A consensus-based classification of post-COVID syndrome is essential to guide clinical, diagnostic, and therapeutic management. Further research is also imperative to elucidate the pathogenesis of post-COVID syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena C. Maltezou
- Directorate of Research, Studies and Documentation, National Public Health Organization, 11523 Athens, Greece
| | - Androula Pavli
- Department of Travel Medicine, National Public Health Organization, 11523 Athens, Greece;
| | - Athanasios Tsakris
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 15772 Athens, Greece;
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24
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Sanders DW, Jumper CC, Ackerman PJ, Bracha D, Donlic A, Kim H, Kenney D, Castello-Serrano I, Suzuki S, Tamura T, Tavares AH, Saeed M, Holehouse AS, Ploss A, Levental I, Douam F, Padera RF, Levy BD, Brangwynne CP. SARS-CoV-2 requires cholesterol for viral entry and pathological syncytia formation. eLife 2021; 10:e65962. [PMID: 33890572 PMCID: PMC8104966 DOI: 10.7554/elife.65962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Many enveloped viruses induce multinucleated cells (syncytia), reflective of membrane fusion events caused by the same machinery that underlies viral entry. These syncytia are thought to facilitate replication and evasion of the host immune response. Here, we report that co-culture of human cells expressing the receptor ACE2 with cells expressing SARS-CoV-2 spike, results in synapse-like intercellular contacts that initiate cell-cell fusion, producing syncytia resembling those we identify in lungs of COVID-19 patients. To assess the mechanism of spike/ACE2-driven membrane fusion, we developed a microscopy-based, cell-cell fusion assay to screen ~6000 drugs and >30 spike variants. Together with quantitative cell biology approaches, the screen reveals an essential role for biophysical aspects of the membrane, particularly cholesterol-rich regions, in spike-mediated fusion, which extends to replication-competent SARS-CoV-2 isolates. Our findings potentially provide a molecular basis for positive outcomes reported in COVID-19 patients taking statins and suggest new strategies for therapeutics targeting the membrane of SARS-CoV-2 and other fusogenic viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W Sanders
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Chanelle C Jumper
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Paul J Ackerman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Dan Bracha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Anita Donlic
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Hahn Kim
- Princeton University Small Molecule Screening Center, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Devin Kenney
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Ivan Castello-Serrano
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Saori Suzuki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Tomokazu Tamura
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Alexander H Tavares
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
| | - Alex S Holehouse
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of MedicineSt. LouisUnited States
| | - Alexander Ploss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
| | - Ilya Levental
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biological Physics, University of VirginiaCharlottesvilleUnited States
| | - Florian Douam
- Department of Microbiology, Boston University School of MedicineBostonUnited States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories, Boston UniversityBostonUnited States
| | - Robert F Padera
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Bruce D Levy
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Clifford P Brangwynne
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton UniversityPrincetonUnited States
- Howard Hughes Medical InstitutePrincetonUnited States
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25
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Sabioni L, De Lorenzo A, Lamas C, Muccillo F, Castro-Faria-Neto HC, Estato V, Tibirica E. Systemic microvascular endothelial dysfunction and disease severity in COVID-19 patients: Evaluation by laser Doppler perfusion monitoring and cytokine/chemokine analysis. Microvasc Res 2021; 134:104119. [PMID: 33278457 PMCID: PMC7710468 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microvascular dysfunction, serum cytokines and chemokines may play important roles in pathophysiology of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), especially in severe cases. METHODS Patients with COVID-19 underwent non-invasive evaluation of systemic endothelium-dependent microvascular reactivity - using laser Doppler perfusion monitoring in the skin of the forearm - coupled to local thermal hyperemia. Maximal microvascular vasodilatation (44 °C thermal plateau phase) was used as endpoint. A multiplex biometric immunoassay was used to assess a panel of 48 serum cytokines and chemokines. Severe COVID-19 (S-COVID) was defined according to WHO criteria, while all other cases of COVID-19 were considered mild to moderate (M-COVID). A group of healthy individuals who tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 served as a control group and was also evaluated with LDPM. RESULTS Thirty-two patients with COVID-19 (25% S-COVID) and 14 controls were included. Basal microvascular flow was similar between M-COVID and controls (P = 0.69) but was higher in S-COVID than in controls (P = 0.005) and M-COVID patients (P = 0.01). The peak microvascular vasodilator response was markedly decreased in both patient groups (M-COVID, P = 0.001; S-COVID, P < 0.0001) compared to the healthy group. The percent increases in microvascular flow were markedly reduced in both patient groups (M-COVID, P < 0.0001; S-COVID, P < 0.0001) compared to controls. Patients with S-COVID had markedly higher concentrations of dissimilar proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, compared to patients with M-COVID. CONCLUSIONS In patients with COVID-19, especially with S-COVID, endothelium-dependent microvascular vasodilator responses are reduced, while serum cytokines and chemokines involved in the regulation of vascular function and inflammation are increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Sabioni
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andrea De Lorenzo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Lamas
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Muccillo
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Hugo Caire Castro-Faria-Neto
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Estato
- Laboratório de Imunofarmacologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Tibirica
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia, Ministério da Saúde, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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26
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Franchini M, Glingani C, Liumbruno GM. Potential mechanisms of action of convalescent plasma in COVID-19. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 8:413-420. [PMID: 33652503 DOI: 10.1515/dx-2020-0161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic will be remembered as one of the worst catastrophic events in human history. Unfortunately, no universally recognized effective therapeutic agents are currently available for the treatment of severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. In this context, the use of convalescent plasma from recovered COVID-19 patients has gained increasing interest thanks to the initially positive clinical reports. A number of mechanisms of action have been proposed for convalescent plasma, including direct neutralization and suppression of viremia, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects and mitigation of the COVID-19-associated hypercoagulable state. These immune and non-immune mechanisms will be critically discussed in this narrative review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Franchini
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
| | - Claudia Glingani
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Carlo Poma Hospital, Mantova, Italy
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27
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Wong LP, Alias H. Temporal changes in psychobehavioural responses during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Malaysia. J Behav Med 2021; 44:18-28. [PMID: 32757088 PMCID: PMC7405711 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-020-00172-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring public psychological and behavioural responses during the early phase of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is important for the management and control of infection. This study aims to investigate the temporal trend in (1) avoidance and protective behaviors, (2) fear, (3) socio-economic impact, and (4) anxiety levels during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. As a high level of anxiety may have a detrimental impact during an infectious disease outbreak, factors associated with anxiety were also explored. The survey was carried out for 10 weeks and the responses were divided into three periods of around 3 weeks: 25 January-21 February, 22 February-17 March and 18 March-3 April (the period the Malaysian Government issued Movement Control Order). Findings revealed that most of the pyschobehavioural variables showed small increases during first (25 January-21 February) and second (22 February-17 March) periods, and high psychobehavioral responses were reported during the third period. A total of 72.1% (95%CI = 69.2-75.0) reported moderate to severe anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Factor influencing moderate to severe anxiety is a high perception of severity (OR = 2.09; 95%CI = 1.48-2.94), high perceived susceptibility (OR = 1.71; 95%CI = 1.17-2.50), high impact score (OR = 1.63; 95%CI = 1.17-2.26) and high fear score (OR = 1.47; 95%CI = 1.01-2.14). In conclusion, the psychological and behavioural responses were found to increase with the progression of the outbreak. High anxiety levels found in this study warrant provision of mental health intervention during the early phase of COVID-19 outbreak.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ping Wong
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Haridah Alias
- Centre for Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Practice, Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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28
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Oyagbemi AA, Ajibade TO, Aboua YG, Gbadamosi IT, Adedapo ADA, Aro AO, Adejumobi OA, Thamahane-Katengua E, Omobowale TO, Falayi OO, Oyagbemi TO, Ogunpolu BS, Hassan FO, Ogunmiluyi IO, Ola-Davies OE, Saba AB, Adedapo AA, Nkadimeng SM, McGaw LJ, Kayoka-Kabongo PN, Oguntibeju OO, Yakubu MA. Potential health benefits of zinc supplementation for the management of COVID-19 pandemic. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13604. [PMID: 33458853 PMCID: PMC7995057 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). The COVID-19 pandemic has created unimaginable and unprecedented global health crisis. Since the outbreak of COVID-19, millions of dollars have been spent, hospitalization overstretched with increasing morbidity and mortality. All these have resulted in unprecedented global economic catastrophe. Several drugs and vaccines are currently being evaluated, tested, and administered in the frantic efforts to stem the dire consequences of COVID-19 with varying degrees of successes. Zinc possesses potential health benefits against COVID-19 pandemic by improving immune response, minimizing infection and inflammation, preventing lung injury, inhibiting viral replication through the interference of the viral genome transcription, protein translation, attachment, and host infectivity. However, this review focuses on the various mechanisms of action of zinc and its supplementation as adjuvant for vaccines an effective therapeutic regimen in the management of the ravaging COVID-19 pandemic. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent for the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has brought unprecedented untold hardship to both developing and developed countries. The global race for vaccine development against COVID-19 continues with success in sight with attendant increasing hospitalization, morbidity, and mortality. Available drugs with anti-inflammatory actions have become alternative to stem the tide of COVID-19 with attendant global financial crises. However, Zinc is known to modulate several physiological functions including intracellular signaling, enzyme function, gustation, and olfaction, as well as reproductive, skeletal, neuronal, and cardiovascular systems. Hence, achieving a significant therapeutic approach against COVID-19 could imply the use of zinc as a supplement together with available drugs and vaccines waiting for emergency authorization to win the battle of COVID-19. Together, it becomes innovative and creative to supplement zinc with currently available drugs and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ademola Adetokunbo Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Temitayo Olabisi Ajibade
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Yapo Guillaume Aboua
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Applied Sciences, Namibia University of Science and Technology, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | | | - Abimbola Obemisola Aro
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Olumuyiwa Abiola Adejumobi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Emma Thamahane-Katengua
- Department of Health Information Management, Faculty of Health and Education, Botho University, Gaborone, Botswana
| | - Temidayo Olutayo Omobowale
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Olubunmi Falayi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Taiwo Olaide Oyagbemi
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Blessing Seun Ogunpolu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Fasilat Oluwakemi Hassan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Iyanuoluwa Omolola Ogunmiluyi
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Olufunke Eunice Ola-Davies
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adebowale Benard Saba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Adeolu Alex Adedapo
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Sanah Malomile Nkadimeng
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Lyndy Joy McGaw
- Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, South Africa
| | - Prudence Ngalula Kayoka-Kabongo
- Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Oluwafemi Omoniyi Oguntibeju
- Phytomedicine and Phytochemistry Group, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Oxidative Stress Research Centre, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville, South Africa
| | - Momoh Audu Yakubu
- Vascular Biology Unit, Department of Environmental & Interdisciplinary Sciences, College of Science, Engineering & Technology, Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Texas Southern University, Houston, TX, USA
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