1
|
Sultana M, Paul SK, Nasreen SA, Haque N, Hasan MK, Islam A, Nila SS, Jahan A, Sathi FA, Hossain T, Ferdaus SJ, Aung MS, Kobayashi N. Epidemiological Features of Leptospirosis and Identification of Leptospira wolffii as a Persistently Prevailing Species in North-Central Bangladesh. Infect Dis Rep 2024; 16:638-649. [PMID: 39195000 DOI: 10.3390/idr16040049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2024] [Revised: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/20/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is considered to be the most widespread, yet neglected, re-emerging zoonotic disease caused by infection with a pathogenic species of the genus Leptospira. Although this disease is prevalent in Bangladesh, the recent epidemiological status has not yet been well documented. In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of leptospirosis among febrile patients using different diagnostic methods and to characterize the epidemiological features and species of Leptospira in Mymensingh, north-central Bangladesh. Among the blood samples of 186 patients with suspected leptospirosis who met the inclusion criteria, including having a fever for more than 5 days (November 2021-June 2022), 88 samples (47%) were Leptospira-positive according to IgM LAT, IgM ELISA, or nested PCR (positivity rates: 38%, 37%, and 42%, respectively). Nested PCR showed a significantly higher positivity rate (54%) in patients with a short fever (5-10 day) than the other methods did, with lower rates among those with a longer fever. Leptospirosis cases were more common in males (68%), those 16-45 years of age (70%), residents of rural areas (81%), and farmers (41%). In addition to a fever, myalgia and jaundice were found in more than 70% of the patients, while variable symptoms were observed. The 16S rRNA sequencing analysis revealed that the Leptospira species in all the 22 samples tested were L. wolffii, belonging to the pathogenic subclade P2. This study showed the recent epidemiological features of leptospirosis in Bangladesh, indicating the presumptive predominance of L. wolffii since 2019.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monira Sultana
- Department of Microbiology, Nilphamari Medical College, Nilphamari 5300, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Nazia Haque
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Md Kamrul Hasan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sirajganj 250 Bed Bongamata Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib General Hospital, Sirajganj 6700, Bangladesh
| | - Arup Islam
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Sultana Shabnam Nila
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Jahan
- Department of Microbiology, Pabna Medical College, Pabna 6602, Bangladesh
| | - Fardousi Akter Sathi
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Tasmia Hossain
- Department of Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Jannatul Ferdaus
- Department of Oral Microbiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh 2200, Bangladesh
| | - Meiji Soe Aung
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| | - Nobumichi Kobayashi
- Department of Hygiene, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo 060-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wang Y, Qing S, Lan X, Li L, Zhou P, Xi Y, Liang Z, Zhang C, Xu C. Evaluating the long-term impact of COVID-19-associated public health interventions on zoonotic and vector-borne diseases in China: an interrupted time series analysis. J Transl Med 2024; 22:81. [PMID: 38245788 PMCID: PMC10799468 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04855-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The long-term impact of COVID-19-associated public health interventions on zoonotic and vector-borne infectious diseases (ZVBs) remains uncertain. This study sought to examine the changes in ZVBs in China during the COVID-19 pandemic and predict their future trends. METHODS Monthly incidents of seven ZVBs (Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome [HFRS], Rabies, Dengue fever [DF], Human brucellosis [HB], Leptospirosis, Malaria, and Schistosomiasis) were gathered from January 2004 to July 2023. An autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) by incorporating the COVID-19-associated public health intervention variables was developed to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of interventions and forecast ZVBs epidemics from August 2023 to December 2025. RESULTS Over the study period, there were 1,599,647 ZVBs incidents. HFRS and rabies exhibited declining trends, HB showed an upward trajectory, while the others remained relatively stable. The ARFIMA, incorporating a pulse pattern, estimated the average monthly number of changes of - 83 (95% confidence interval [CI] - 353-189) cases, - 3 (95% CI - 33-29) cases, - 468 (95% CI - 1531-597) cases, 2191 (95% CI 1056-3326) cases, 7 (95% CI - 24-38) cases, - 84 (95% CI - 222-55) cases, and - 214 (95% CI - 1036-608) cases for HFRS, rabies, DF, HB, leptospirosis, malaria, and schistosomiasis, respectively, although these changes were not statistically significant besides HB. ARFIMA predicted a decrease in HB cases between August 2023 and December 2025, while indicating a relative plateau for the others. CONCLUSIONS China's dynamic zero COVID-19 strategy may have exerted a lasting influence on HFRS, rabies, DF, malaria, and schistosomiasis, beyond immediate consequences, but not affect HB and leptospirosis. ARFIMA emerges as a potent tool for intervention analysis, providing valuable insights into the sustained effectiveness of interventions. Consequently, the application of ARFIMA contributes to informed decision-making, the design of effective interventions, and advancements across various fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongbin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China.
| | - Siyu Qing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianxiang Lan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Lun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiping Zhou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yue Xi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyue Liang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenguang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, School of Medical Technology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, No. 601 Jinsui Road, Hongqi District, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunjie Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents/Laboratory of Pharmacology, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tabassum S, Naeem A, Ahmad RU, Naeem F, Oduoye MO, Mukherjee D. Leptospirosis outbreak in Tanzania amidst COVID-19 pandemic: current challenges and future recommendations. Int J Surg 2023; 109:45-47. [PMID: 36799790 PMCID: PMC10389586 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Aroma Naeem
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Farhan Naeem
- King Edward Medical University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Malik O. Oduoye
- College of Medical Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria
| | | |
Collapse
|