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Presynaptic 5-HT2A-mGlu2/3 Receptor–Receptor Crosstalk in the Prefrontal Cortex: Metamodulation of Glutamate Exocytosis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11193035. [PMID: 36230998 PMCID: PMC9562019 DOI: 10.3390/cells11193035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The glutamatergic nerve endings of a rat prefrontal cortex (PFc) possess presynaptic 5-HT2A heteroreceptors and mGlu2/3 autoreceptors, whose activation inhibits glutamate exocytosis, and is measured as 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-asp) release (which mimics glutamate exocytosis). The concomitant activation of the two receptors nulls their inhibitory activities, whereas blockade of the 5-HT2A heteroreceptors with MDL11,939 (1 μM) strengthens the inhibitory effect elicited by the mGlu2/3 receptor agonist LY329268 (1 μM). 5-HT2A receptor antagonists (MDL11,939; ketanserin; trazodone) amplify the impact of low (3 nM) LY379268. Clozapine (0.1–10 μM) mimics the 5-HT2A agonist (±) DOI and inhibits the KCl-evoked [3H]D-asp overflow in a MDL11,939-dependent fashion, but does not modify the (±) DOI-induced effect. mGlu2 and 5-HT2A proteins do not co-immunoprecipitate from synaptosomal lysates, nor does the incubation of PFc synaptosomes with MDL11,939 (1 μM) or clozapine (10 µM) modify the insertion of mGlu2 subunits in synaptosomal plasma membranes. In conclusion, 5-HT2A and mGlu2/3 receptors colocalize, but do not physically associate, in PFc glutamatergic terminals, where they functionally interact in an antagonist-like fashion to control glutamate exocytosis. The mGlu2/3-5-HT2A metamodulation could be relevant to therapy for central neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, but also unveil cellular events accounting for their development, which also influence the responsiveness to drugs regimens.
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Wang CC, Kuo JR, Wang SJ. Fingolimod inhibits glutamate release through activation of S1P1 receptors and the G protein βγ subunit-dependent pathway in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals. Neuropharmacology 2021; 185:108451. [PMID: 33428887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Fingolimod, a sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) receptor modulator approved for treating multiple sclerosis, is reported to prevent excitotoxic insult. Because excessive glutamate release is a major cause of neuronal damage in various neurological disorders, the effect of fingolimod on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes) was investigated in the current study. Fingolimod decreased 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-stimulated glutamate release and calcium concentration elevation. Fingolimod-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was dependent on extracellular calcium, persisted in the presence of the glutamate transporter inhibitor DL-TBOA or intracellular Ca2+-releasing inhibitors dantrolene and CGP37157, and was prevented by blocking vesicular transporters or N- and P/Q-type channels. Western blot and immunocytochemical analysis revealed the presence of S1P1 receptor proteins in presynaptic terminals. Fingolimod-mediated inhibition of 4-AP-induced glutamate release was also abolished by the sphingosine kinase inhibitor DMS, selective S1P1 receptor antagonist W146, Gi/o protein inhibitor pertussis toxin, and G protein βγ subunit inhibitor gallein; however, it was unaffected by the adenylyl cyclase inhibitor SQ22536, protein kinase A inhibitor H89, and phospholipase C inhibitor U73122. These data indicate that fingolimod decreases glutamate release from rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes by suppressing N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel activity; additionally, the activation of presynaptic S1P1 receptors and the G protein βγ subunit participates in achieving the effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Chuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jinn Rung Kuo
- Department of Neurology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan, Taiwan; Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Su Jane Wang
- School of Medicine, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, No.510, Zhongzheng Rd, Xinzhuang Dist, New Taipei City, 24205, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.
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3
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[1-(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol, an indole-3-carbinol derivative, inhibits glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals by suppressing the P/Q-type Ca 2+ channels and Ca 2+/calmodulin/protein kinase A pathway. Neurochem Int 2020; 140:104845. [PMID: 32911011 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2020.104845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Indole-3-carbinol (I3C), found in cruciferous vegetables, has been proposed to exhibit neuroprotective effects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the I3C derivative [1(4-chloro-3-nitrobenzenesulfonyl)-1H-indol-3-yl]-methanol (CIM), which has superior pharmacokinetic properties to I3C, on glutamate release in rat cerebrocortical nerve terminals (synaptosomes). We observed that CIM dose-dependently inhibited glutamate release evoked by the potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was attributed to reduced exocytosis, as it correlated with the removal of extracellular calcium and blocking of the vesicular glutamate transporter but not the glutamate transporter. In addition, CIM decreased 4-AP-evoked intrasynaptosomal Ca2+ elevation; however, it did not alter the synaptosomal membrane potential. The inhibition of P/Q-typeCa2+ channels abolished the effect of CIM on 4-AP-evoked glutamate release, and the effect was not prevented by intracellular Ca2+ release inhibitors. Moreover, the molecular docking study showed that CIM exhibited the highest binding affinity with the P/Q-type Ca2+channels. Finally, the CIM-mediated inhibition of glutamate release was sensitive to calmodulin, adenylate cyclase (AC), and protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitors. Based on these results, we propose that CIM, through the direct suppression of P/Q-type Ca2+ channels, decreases Ca2+ influx and the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin/AC/PKA signaling, thereby inhibiting glutamate release. This finding is crucial for understanding the role of CIM in the central nervous system and for exploiting its potential in therapeutic interventions.
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Sahu A, Gopalakrishnan L, Gaur N, Chatterjee O, Mol P, Modi PK, Dagamajalu S, Advani J, Jain S, Keshava Prasad TS. The 5-Hydroxytryptamine signaling map: an overview of serotonin-serotonin receptor mediated signaling network. J Cell Commun Signal 2018; 12:731-735. [PMID: 30043327 DOI: 10.1007/s12079-018-0482-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoamine neurotransmitter, 5-Hydroxytryptamine or serotonin, is derived from tryptophan and synthesized both centrally and systemically. Fourteen structurally and functionally distinct receptor subtypes have been identified for serotonin, each of which mediates the neurotransmitter's effects through a range of downstream signaling molecules and effectors. Although it is most frequently described for its role in the etiology of neuropsychiatric and mood disorders, serotonin has been implicated in a slew of fundamental physiological processes, including apoptosis, mitochondrial biogenesis, cell proliferation and migration. Its roles as the neurotransmitter have also emerged in pathogenic conditions ranging from anorexia nervosa to cancer. This has necessitated the understanding of the signaling mechanisms underlying the serotonergic system, which led us to construct a consolidative pathway map, which will provide as a resource for future biomedical investigation on this pathway. Using a set of stringent NetPath annotation criteria, we manually curated molecular reactions associated with serotonin and its receptors from publicly available literature; the reaction categories included molecular associations, activation/inhibition, post-translation modification, transport, and gene regulation at transcription and translational level. We identified 90 molecules in serotonin-serotonin receptor pathway. We submitted the curated data to NetPath, a publicly available database of human signaling pathways, in order to enable the wider scientific community to readily access data and contribute further to this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Sahu
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
| | - Lathika Gopalakrishnan
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Nayana Gaur
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Hans Berger, Department of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Oishi Chatterjee
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Praseeda Mol
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kollam, 690525, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Shobha Dagamajalu
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India
| | - Jayshree Advani
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal, 576104, India
| | - Sanjeev Jain
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - T S Keshava Prasad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Tech Park, Bangalore, 560066, India.
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, 575018, India.
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Olivero G, Grilli M, Vergassola M, Bonfiglio T, Padolecchia C, Garrone B, Di Giorgio FP, Tongiani S, Usai C, Marchi M, Pittaluga A. 5-HT 2A-mGlu2/3 receptor complex in rat spinal cord glutamatergic nerve endings: A 5-HT 2A to mGlu2/3 signalling to amplify presynaptic mechanism of auto-control of glutamate exocytosis. Neuropharmacology 2018; 133:429-439. [PMID: 29499271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2018.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Presynaptic mGlu2/3 autoreceptors exist in rat spinal cord nerve terminals as suggested by the finding that LY379268 inhibited the 15 mM KCl-evoked release of [3H]D-aspartate ([3H]D-Asp) in a LY341495-sensitive manner. Spinal cord glutamatergic nerve terminals also possess presynaptic release-regulating 5-HT2A heteroreceptors. Actually, the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp exocytosis from spinal cord synaptosomes was reduced by the 5-HT2A agonist (±)DOI, an effect reversed by the 5-HT2A antagonists MDL11,939, MDL100907, ketanserin and trazodone (TZD). We investigated whether mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptors colocalize and cross-talk in these terminals and if 5-HT2A ligands modulate the mGlu2/3-mediated control of glutamate exocytosis. Western blot analysis and confocal microscopy highlighted the presence of mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptor proteins in spinal cord VGLUT1 positive synaptosomes, where mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptor immunoreactivities largely colocalize. Furthermore, mGlu2/3 immunoprecipitates from spinal cord synaptosomes were also 5-HT2A immunopositive. Interestingly, the 100 pM LY379268-induced reduction of the 15 mM KCl-evoked [3H]D-Asp overflow as well as its inhibition by 100 nM (±)DOI became undetectable when the two agonists were concomitantly added. Conversely, 5-HT2A antagonists (MDL11,939, MDL100907, ketanserin and TZD) reinforced the release-regulating activity of mGlu2/3 autoreceptors. Increased expression of mGlu2/3 receptor proteins in synaptosomal plasmamembranes paralleled the gain of function of the mGlu2/3 autoreceptors elicited by 5-HT2A antagonists. Based on these results, we propose that in spinal cord glutamatergic terminals i) mGlu2/3 and 5-HT2A receptors colocalize and interact one each other in an antagonist-like manner, ii) 5-HT2A antagonists are indirect positive allosteric modulator of mGlu2/3 autoreceptors controlling glutamate exocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guendalina Olivero
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Massimo Grilli
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Matteo Vergassola
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tommaso Bonfiglio
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Cristina Padolecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy
| | - Beatrice Garrone
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Di Giorgio
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Serena Tongiani
- Angelini RR&D (Research, Regulatory & Development) - Angelini S.p.A., Piazzale della Stazione Snc, 00071, S. Palomba-Pomezia (Rome), Italy
| | - Cesare Usai
- Institute of Biophysics, National Research Council, Via De Marini 6, 16149, Genoa, Italy
| | - Mario Marchi
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Anna Pittaluga
- Department of Pharmacy, DiFAR, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, Viale Cembrano 4, 16148, Genoa, Italy; Center of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Hikima T, Garcia-Munoz M, Arbuthnott GW. Presynaptic D1 heteroreceptors and mGlu autoreceptors act at individual cortical release sites to modify glutamate release. Brain Res 2016; 1639:74-87. [PMID: 26944299 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2016.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study release of glutamic acid (GLU) from one-axon terminal or bouton at-a-time using cortical neurons grown in vitro to study the effect of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptor stimulation. Neurons were infected with release reporters SypHx2 or iGluSnFR at 7 or 3 days-in-vitro (DIV) respectively. At 13-15 DIV single synaptic boutons were identified from images obtained from a confocal scanning microscope before and after field electrical stimulation. We further stimulated release by raising intracellular levels of cAMP with forskolin (10µM). Forskolin-mediated effects were dependent on protein kinase A (PKA) and did not result from an increase in endocytosis, but rather from an increase in the size of the vesicle readily releasable pool. Once iGluSnFR was confirmed as more sensitive than SypHx2, it was used to study the participation of presynaptic auto- and heteroreceptors on GLU release. Although most receptor agonizts (carbamylcholine, nicotine, dopamine D2, BDNF) did not affect electrically stimulated GLU release, a significant increase was observed in the presence of metabotropic D1/D5 heteroreceptor agonist (SKF38393 10µM) that was reversed by PKA inhibitors. Interestingly, stimulation of group II metabotropic mGLU2/3 autoreceptors (LY379268 50nM) induced a decrease in GLU release that was reversed by the specific mGLU2/3 receptor antagonist (LY341495 1µM) and also by PKA inhibitors (KT5720 200nM and PKI14-22 400nM). These changes in release probability at individual release sites suggest another level of control of the distribution of transmitter substances in cortical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hikima
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Marianela Garcia-Munoz
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
| | - Gordon William Arbuthnott
- Brain Mechanism for Behaviour Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan.
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Gong CL, Leung YM, Wang MR, Lin NN, Lee TJF, Kuo JS. Neurochemicals involved in medullary control of common carotid blood flow. Curr Neuropharmacol 2014; 11:513-20. [PMID: 24403875 PMCID: PMC3763759 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x113119990044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Revised: 01/22/2013] [Accepted: 07/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The common carotid artery (CCA) supplies intra- and extra-cranial vascular beds. An area in the medulla controlling CCA blood flow is defined as the dorsal facial area (DFA) by Kuo et al. in 1987. In the DFA, presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers innervate preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons which give rise to the preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic 7th and 9th cranial nerves. Released glutamate from presynaptic nitrergic and/or glutamatergic fibers can activate N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors on preganglionic nitrergic and/or cholinergic neurons. By modulating this glutamate release, several neurochemicals including serotonin, arginine, nitric oxide, nicotine, choline and ATP in the DFA regulate CCA blood flow. Understanding the neurochemical regulatory mechanisms can provide important insights of the physiological roles of the DFA, and may help develop therapeutic strategies for diseases involving CCA blood flow, such as migraine, hypertensive disease, Alzheimer’s disease and cerebral ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Li Gong
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Yuk-Man Leung
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taiwan; ; Graduate Institute of Neural and Cognitive Sciences, China Medical University, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ren Wang
- Yuhing Junior College of Health Care and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Nai-Nu Lin
- Department of Education and Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tony Jer-Fu Lee
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center and Center for Vascular Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; ; Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Jon-Son Kuo
- Neuro-Medical Scientific Center and Center for Vascular Medicine, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; ; Department of Medical Research, Buddhist Tzu Chi General Hospital and Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan; ; Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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Rodríguez JJ, Noristani HN, Verkhratsky A. The serotonergic system in ageing and Alzheimer's disease. Prog Neurobiol 2012; 99:15-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2011] [Revised: 05/24/2012] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Oh M, Zhao S, Matveev V, Nadim F. Neuromodulatory changes in short-term synaptic dynamics may be mediated by two distinct mechanisms of presynaptic calcium entry. J Comput Neurosci 2012; 33:573-85. [PMID: 22710936 DOI: 10.1007/s10827-012-0402-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Although synaptic output is known to be modulated by changes in presynaptic calcium channels, additional pathways for calcium entry into the presynaptic terminal, such as non-selective channels, could contribute to modulation of short term synaptic dynamics. We address this issue using computational modeling. The neuropeptide proctolin modulates the inhibitory synapse from the lateral pyloric (LP) to the pyloric dilator (PD) neuron, two slow-wave bursting neurons in the pyloric network of the crab Cancer borealis. Proctolin enhances the strength of this synapse and also changes its dynamics. Whereas in control saline the synapse shows depression independent of the amplitude of the presynaptic LP signal, in proctolin, with high-amplitude presynaptic LP stimulation the synapse remains depressing while low-amplitude stimulation causes facilitation. We use simple calcium-dependent release models to explore two alternative mechanisms underlying these modulatory effects. In the first model, proctolin directly targets calcium channels by changing their activation kinetics which results in gradual accumulation of calcium with low-amplitude presynaptic stimulation, leading to facilitation. The second model uses the fact that proctolin is known to activate a non-specific cation current I ( MI ). In this model, we assume that the MI channels have some permeability to calcium, modeled to be a result of slow conformation change after binding calcium. This generates a gradual increase in calcium influx into the presynaptic terminals through the modulatory channel similar to that described in the first model. Each of these models can explain the modulation of the synapse by proctolin but with different consequences for network activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myongkeun Oh
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Takenaka R, Ohi Y, Haji A. Distinct modulatory effects of 5-HT on excitatory synaptic transmissions in the nucleus tractus solitarius of the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2011; 671:45-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.09.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2011] [Revised: 08/17/2011] [Accepted: 09/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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11
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Zayara AE, McIver G, Valdivia PN, Lominac KD, McCreary AC, Szumlinski KK. Blockade of nucleus accumbens 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors prevents the expression of cocaine-induced behavioral and neurochemical sensitization in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2011; 213:321-35. [PMID: 20814782 PMCID: PMC3032203 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-010-1996-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The serotonin 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors regulate the capacity of acute cocaine to augment behavior and monoamine levels within the nucleus accumbens (NAC), a brain region involved in cocaine's addictive and psychotogenic properties. OBJECTIVES In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that NAC 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptor activation is involved in the expression of cocaine-induced neuroplasticity following protracted withdrawal from a sensitizing repeated cocaine regimen (days 1 and 7, 15 mg/kg; days 2-6, 30 mg/kg, i.p.). METHODS The effects of intra-NAC infusions of the 5-HT(2A) antagonist R-(+)-α-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidine methanol (MDL 100907; 0, 50, 100, 500 nM) or the 5-HT(2C) antagonist [6-chloro-5-methyl-1-(6-(2-methylpiridin-3-yloxy)pyridine-3-yl carbamoyl] inodoline dihydrochloride (SB 242084; 0, 50, 100, 500 nM) were first assessed upon the expression of locomotor activity elicited by a 15-mg/kg cocaine challenge injection administered at 3-week withdrawal. A follow-up in vivo microdialysis experiment then compared the effects of the local perfusion of 0, 50, or 100 nM of each antagonist upon cocaine-induced dopamine and glutamate sensitization in the NAC. RESULTS Although neither MDL 100907 nor SB 242084 altered acute cocaine-induced locomotion, SB 242084 reduced acute cocaine-elevated NAC dopamine and glutamate levels. Intra-NAC perfusion with either compound blocked the expression of cocaine-induced locomotor and glutamate sensitization, but only MDL 100907 pretreatment prevented the expression of cocaine-induced dopamine sensitization. CONCLUSIONS These data provide the first evidence that NAC 5-HT(2A) and 5-HT(2C) receptors are critical for the expression of cocaine-induced neuroplasticity following protracted withdrawal, which has relevance for their therapeutic utility in the treatment of addiction.
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MESH Headings
- Aminopyridines/administration & dosage
- Aminopyridines/pharmacology
- Animals
- Behavior, Animal/drug effects
- Cocaine/administration & dosage
- Cocaine/pharmacology
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Fluorobenzenes/administration & dosage
- Fluorobenzenes/pharmacology
- Glutamic Acid/metabolism
- Indoles/administration & dosage
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Male
- Microdialysis
- Neuronal Plasticity/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Piperidines/administration & dosage
- Piperidines/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/administration & dosage
- Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Avi E. Zayara
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Gregor McIver
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Paola N. Valdivia
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Kevin D. Lominac
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
| | - Andrew C. McCreary
- Solvay Pharmaceuticals Research Laboratories, CJ van Houtenlaan 36, 1380 DA Weesp, The Netherlands
| | - Karen K. Szumlinski
- Department of Psychology and the Neuroscience Research Institute, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
- Department of Psychology, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-9660 USA
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Abstract
The effects of the recombinant chemokine human RANTES (hRANTES) on the release of glutamate from human neocortex glutamatergic nerve endings were investigated. hRANTES facilitated the spontaneous release of d [(3)H]D-aspartate ([(3)H]DASP-) by binding Pertussis toxin-sensitive G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), whose activation caused Ca(2+) mobilization from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive stores and cytosolic tyrosine kinase-mediated phosphorylations. Facilitation of release switched to inhibition when the effects of hRANTES on the 12 mM K(+)-evoked [(3)H]D-ASP exocytosis were studied. Inhibition of exocytosis relied on activation of Pertussis toxin-sensitive GPCRs negatively coupled to adenylyl cyclase. Both hRANTES effects were prevented by met-RANTES, an antagonist at the chemokine receptors (CCRs) of the CCR1, CCR3, and CCR5 subtypes. Interestingly, human neocortex glutamatergic nerve endings seem to possess all three receptor subtypes. Blockade of CCR1 and CCR5 by antibodies against the extracellular domain of CCRs prevented both the hRANTES effect on [(3)H]D-ASP release, whereas blockade of CCR3 prevented inhibition, but not facilitation, of release. The effects of RANTES on the spontaneous and the evoked release of [(3)H]D-ASP were also observed in experiments with mouse cortical synaptosomes, which may therefore represent an appropriate animal model to study RANTES-induced effects on neurotransmission. It is concluded that glutamate transmission can be modulated in opposite directions by RANTES acting at distinct CCR receptor subtypes coupled to different transduction pathways, consistent with the multiple and sometimes contrasting effects of the chemokine.
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Raiteri L, Luccini E, Romei C, Salvadori S, Calò G. Neuropeptide S selectively inhibits the release of 5-HT and noradrenaline from mouse frontal cortex nerve endings. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:474-81. [PMID: 19371348 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00163.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Neuropeptide S (NPS) is a recently identified neurotransmitter/neuromodulator able to increase arousal and wakefulness while decreasing anxiety-like behaviour. As several classical transmitters play a role in arousal and anxiety, we here investigated the possible presynaptic regulation of transmitter release by NPS. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Synaptosomes purified from mouse frontal cortex were prelabelled with [(3)H]5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), noradrenaline, dopamine, choline, D-aspartate or GABA and depolarized in superfusion with 12-15 mmol.L(-1) KCl to evoke [(3)H]neurotransmitter exocytosis. NPS was added at different concentrations (0.001 to 100 nmol.L(-1)). KEY RESULTS NPS behaved as an extremely potent inhibitor of the evoked overflow of [(3)H]5-HT and [(3)H]noradrenaline exhibiting EC50 values in the low picomolar range. The inhibitory action of NPS on [(3)H]5-HT release was mimicked by [Ala(2)]NPS that was, however, about 100-fold less potent than the natural peptide. NPS (up to 100 nmol.L(-1)) was unable to affect the depolarization-evoked overflow of [(3)H]D-aspartate and [(3)H]GABA. The neuropeptide only weakly reduced the overflow of [(3)H]dopamine and [(3)H]ACh when added at relatively high concentrations. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS NPS, at low picomolar concentrations, can selectively inhibit the evoked release of 5-HT and noradrenaline in the frontal cortex by acting directly on 5-hydroxytryptaminergic and noradrenergic nerve terminals. These direct effects may explain only in part the unique behavioural activities of NPS, while an indirect involvement of other transmitters, especially of glutamate, must be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Raiteri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology and Toxicology Section, University of Genoa, Viale Cembrano 4, Genova 16148, Italy.
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14
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Abstract
Kainate receptors (KARs), together with NMDA and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate receptors (AMPA), are typically described as ionotropic glutamate receptors. Although ionotropic functions for KARs are beginning to be characterized in multiple brain regions, both, in the pre- and post-synaptic compartments of the synapse, there is accumulating evidence that KARs mediate some of their effects without invoking ion-fluxes. Thus, since 1998, when the first metabotropic action of KARs was described in the modulation of GABA release in hippocampal interneurons, there have been increasing reports that some of the functions of KARs involve the participation of intracellular signalling cascades and depend on G protein activation. These surprising observations, attesting metabotropic actions of KARs, akin to those usually attributed to seven transmembrane region G protein-coupled receptors, make the physiological classification and description of glutamate receptors more complex. In the present review, we describe the metabotropic roles of KARs in the CNS and discuss the intriguing properties of this receptor which, structurally shows all the facets of a typical ionotropic receptor, but appears to express a metabotropic remit at some key synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Rodríguez-Moreno
- Departamento de Fisiología, Anatomía y Biología Celular, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain.
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15
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Papageorgiou A, Denef C. Stimulation of growth hormone release by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in cultured rat anterior pituitary cell aggregates: evidence for mediation by 5-HT2B, 5-HT7, 5-HT1B, and ketanserin-sensitive receptors. Endocrinology 2007; 148:4509-22. [PMID: 17584957 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) promotes the release of GH by a hypothalamic site of action. The present study explores a putative pituitary action in a perifused rat anterior pituitary aggregate cell culture system. In aggregates cultured with 1 nM estradiol for expression of the 5-HT4, -5, and -6 receptor (R), 5-HT promptly stimulated GH secretion with a dose dependency between 1 and 10 nM. The effect of 5-HT was partially blocked by methiothepin and methysergide; by SB-206553, a 5-HTR2B/C antagonist; SB-269970, a 5-HTR7/5A antagonist; and SB-224289, a 5-HTR1B antagonist. The GH response was fully blocked by combined administration of SB-206553+SB-269970 and SB-206553+ketanserin but not by SB-206553+spiperone. Culturing the aggregates without estradiol diminished the magnitude of the GH response to 5-HT as well as the impact of 5-HTR7/5 blockade on the response. Basal GH release was stimulated by the 5-HTR2 agonists 1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)-2-aminopropane, m-chlorophenyl piperazine, and alpha-methyl 5-HT; 5-carboxytryptamine (agonist at 5-HTR1, -5, and -7); tryptamine (preferential 5-HTR7 agonist); and the selective 5-HTR1B agonist CP93129 but not the 5-HTR1A agonists 7-(dipropylamino)tetralin-1-ol-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin and the 5-HTR1B/D agonist sumatriptan. The selective 5-HTR2B agonist BW 723C86 stimulated GH release, and the selective 5-HTR2B antagonist SB-204741 attenuated the GH response to 5-HT. The present data suggest that 5-HT may release GH through a pituitary site of action, and that the 5-HTR2B, 5-HTR7 and 5-HTR1B mediate this response, with possibly an inhibitory component of the 5-HTR1D. The relative contribution of these receptors may be modulated by estrogen.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cell Aggregation
- Cells, Cultured
- Growth Hormone/metabolism
- Ketanserin/pharmacology
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/cytology
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/drug effects
- Pituitary Gland, Anterior/physiology
- Rats
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/drug effects
- Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2B/physiology
- Receptors, Serotonin/drug effects
- Receptors, Serotonin/physiology
- Serotonin/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- A Papageorgiou
- Laboratory of Cell Pharmacology, University of Leuven, Medical School, Campus Gasthuisberg (O and N), B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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