1
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Ma D, Sun C, Manne R, Guo T, Bosc C, Barry J, Magliery T, Andrieux A, Li H, Gu C. A cytoskeleton-membrane interaction conserved in fast-spiking neurons controls movement, emotion, and memory. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3994-4010. [PMID: 37833406 PMCID: PMC10905646 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02286-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of schizophrenia is believed to involve combined dysfunctions of many proteins including microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) and Kv3.1 voltage-gated K+ (Kv) channel, but their relationship and functions in behavioral regulation are often not known. Here we report that MAP6 stabilizes Kv3.1 channels in parvalbumin-positive (PV+ ) fast-spiking GABAergic interneurons, regulating behavior. MAP6-/- and Kv3.1-/- mice display similar hyperactivity and avoidance reduction. Their proteins colocalize in PV+ interneurons and MAP6 deletion markedly reduces Kv3.1 protein level. We further show that two microtubule-binding modules of MAP6 bind the Kv3.1 tetramerization domain with high affinity, maintaining the channel level in both neuronal soma and axons. MAP6 knockdown by AAV-shRNA in the amygdala or the hippocampus reduces avoidance or causes hyperactivity and recognition memory deficit, respectively, through elevating projection neuron activity. Finally, knocking down Kv3.1 or disrupting the MAP6-Kv3.1 binding in these brain regions causes avoidance reduction and hyperactivity, consistent with the effects of MAP6 knockdown. Thus, disrupting this conserved cytoskeleton-membrane interaction in fast-spiking neurons causes different degrees of functional vulnerability in various neural circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Ma
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chao Sun
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- MCDB graduate program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rahul Manne
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Tianqi Guo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Joshua Barry
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
- IDDRC, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Thomas Magliery
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CEA, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Houzhi Li
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Chen Gu
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
- MCDB graduate program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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2
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Cuveillier C, Boulan B, Ravanello C, Denarier E, Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Delphin C, Bosc C, Arnal I, Andrieux A. Beyond Neuronal Microtubule Stabilization: MAP6 and CRMPS, Two Converging Stories. Front Mol Neurosci 2021; 14:665693. [PMID: 34025352 PMCID: PMC8131560 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2021.665693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The development and function of the central nervous system rely on the microtubule (MT) and actin cytoskeletons and their respective effectors. Although the structural role of the cytoskeleton has long been acknowledged in neuronal morphology and activity, it was recently recognized to play the role of a signaling platform. Following this recognition, research into Microtubule Associated Proteins (MAPs) diversified. Indeed, historically, structural MAPs—including MAP1B, MAP2, Tau, and MAP6 (also known as STOP);—were identified and described as MT-binding and -stabilizing proteins. Extensive data obtained over the last 20 years indicated that these structural MAPs could also contribute to a variety of other molecular roles. Among multi-role MAPs, MAP6 provides a striking example illustrating the diverse molecular and cellular properties of MAPs and showing how their functional versatility contributes to the central nervous system. In this review, in addition to MAP6’s effect on microtubules, we describe its impact on the actin cytoskeleton, on neuroreceptor homeostasis, and its involvement in signaling pathways governing neuron development and maturation. We also discuss its roles in synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity, and cognitive abilities, as well as the potential relationships between the integrated brain functions of MAP6 and its molecular activities. In parallel, the Collapsin Response Mediator Proteins (CRMPs) are presented as examples of how other proteins, not initially identified as MAPs, fall into the broader MAP family. These proteins bind MTs as well as exhibiting molecular and cellular properties very similar to MAP6. Finally, we briefly summarize the multiple similarities between other classical structural MAPs and MAP6 or CRMPs.In summary, this review revisits the molecular properties and the cellular and neuronal roles of the classical MAPs, broadening our definition of what constitutes a MAP.
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3
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Gimenez U, Boulan B, Mauconduit F, Taurel F, Leclercq M, Denarier E, Brocard J, Gory-Fauré S, Andrieux A, Lahrech H, Deloulme JC. 3D imaging of the brain morphology and connectivity defects in a model of psychiatric disorders: MAP6-KO mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10308. [PMID: 28871106 PMCID: PMC5583184 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10544-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
In the central nervous system, microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) is expressed at high levels and is crucial for cognitive abilities. The large spectrum of social and cognitive impairments observed in MAP6-KO mice are reminiscent of the symptoms observed in psychiatric diseases, such as schizophrenia, and respond positively to long-term treatment with antipsychotics. MAP6-KO mice have therefore been proposed to be a useful animal model for these diseases. Here, we explored the brain anatomy in MAP6-KO mice using high spatial resolution 3D MRI, including a volumetric T1w method to image brain structures, and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) for white matter fiber tractography. 3D DTI imaging of neuronal tracts was validated by comparing results to optical images of cleared brains. Changes to brain architecture included reduced volume of the cerebellum and the thalamus and altered size, integrity and spatial orientation of some neuronal tracks such as the anterior commissure, the mammillary tract, the corpus callosum, the corticospinal tract, the fasciculus retroflexus and the fornix. Our results provide information on the neuroanatomical defects behind the neurological phenotype displayed in the MAP6-KO mice model and especially highlight a severe damage of the corticospinal tract with defasciculation at the location of the pontine nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulysse Gimenez
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Boulan
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Taurel
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Maxime Leclercq
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, BIG-GPC, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.,Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, BIG-GPC, F-38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Hana Lahrech
- INSERM, U1205, BrainTech Lab, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jean Christophe Deloulme
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, F-38000, Grenoble, France. .,INSERM, U1216, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, F-38000, Grenoble, France.
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4
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Gu Y, Jukkola P, Wang Q, Esparza T, Zhao Y, Brody D, Gu C. Polarity of varicosity initiation in central neuron mechanosensation. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2179-2199. [PMID: 28606925 PMCID: PMC5496611 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201606065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about mechanical regulation of morphological and functional polarity of central neurons. In this study, we report that mechanical stress specifically induces varicosities in the axons but not the dendrites of central neurons by activating TRPV4, a Ca2+/Na+-permeable mechanosensitive channel. This process is unexpectedly rapid and reversible, consistent with the formation of axonal varicosities in vivo induced by mechanical impact in a mouse model of mild traumatic brain injury. In contrast, prolonged stimulation of glutamate receptors induces varicosities in dendrites but not in axons. We further show that axonal varicosities are induced by persistent Ca2+ increase, disassembled microtubules (MTs), and subsequently reversible disruption of axonal transport, and are regulated by stable tubulin-only polypeptide, an MT-associated protein. Finally, axonal varicosity initiation can trigger action potentials to antidromically propagate to the soma in retrograde signaling. Therefore, our study demonstrates a new feature of neuronal polarity: axons and dendrites preferentially respond to physical and chemical stresses, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzheng Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Peter Jukkola
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Qian Wang
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Thomas Esparza
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Yi Zhao
- Biomedical Engineering Department, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - David Brody
- Department of Neurology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chen Gu
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH .,Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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5
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Kapuralin K, Ćurlin M, Mitrečić D, Kosi N, Schwarzer C, Glavan G, Gajović S. STAM2, a member of the endosome-associated complex ESCRT-0 is highly expressed in neurons. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:104-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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6
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Dobrivojević M, Habek N, Kapuralin K, Ćurlin M, Gajović S. Krüppel-like transcription factor 8 (Klf8) is expressed and active in the neurons of the mouse brain. Gene 2015; 570:132-40. [PMID: 26071188 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Krüppel-like transcription factor 8 (KLF8) is a transcription factor suggested to be involved in various cellular events, including malignant cell transformation, still its expression in the adult rodent brain remained unknown. To analyze Klf8 in the mouse brain and to identify cell types expressing it, a specific transgenic Klf8(Gt1Gaj) mouse was used. The resulting Klf8 gene-driven β-galactosidase activity was visualized by X-gal histochemical staining of the brain sections. The obtained results were complemented by in situ RNA hybridization and immunohistochemistry. Klf8 was highly expressed throughout the adult mouse brain gray matter including the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, pallidum, and striatum, but not in the cerebellum. Immunofluorescent double-labeling revealed that KLF8-immunoreactive cells were neurons, and the staining was located in their nucleus. This was the first study showing that Klf8 was highly expressed in various regions of the mouse brain and in particular in the neurons, where it was localized in the cell nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Dobrivojević
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Habek
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Kapuralin
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marija Ćurlin
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Srećko Gajović
- University of Zagreb School of Medicine, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, Zagreb, Croatia.
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7
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Deloulme JC, Gory-Fauré S, Mauconduit F, Chauvet S, Jonckheere J, Boulan B, Mire E, Xue J, Jany M, Maucler C, Deparis AA, Montigon O, Daoust A, Barbier EL, Bosc C, Deglon N, Brocard J, Denarier E, Le Brun I, Pernet-Gallay K, Vilgrain I, Robinson PJ, Lahrech H, Mann F, Andrieux A. Microtubule-associated protein 6 mediates neuronal connectivity through Semaphorin 3E-dependent signalling for axonal growth. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7246. [PMID: 26037503 PMCID: PMC4468860 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Structural microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) stabilize microtubules, a property that was thought to be essential for development, maintenance and function of neuronal circuits. However, deletion of the structural MAPs in mice does not lead to major neurodevelopment defects. Here we demonstrate a role for MAP6 in brain wiring that is independent of microtubule binding. We find that MAP6 deletion disrupts brain connectivity and is associated with a lack of post-commissural fornix fibres. MAP6 contributes to fornix development by regulating axonal elongation induced by Semaphorin 3E. We show that MAP6 acts downstream of receptor activation through a mechanism that requires a proline-rich domain distinct from its microtubule-stabilizing domains. We also show that MAP6 directly binds to SH3 domain proteins known to be involved in neurite extension and semaphorin function. We conclude that MAP6 is critical to interface guidance molecules with intracellular signalling effectors during the development of cerebral axon tracts. Loss of the structural microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6) leads to neuronal differentiation defects that are independent of MAP6's microtubule-binding properties. Here the authors establish a functional link between MAP6 and Semaphorin 3E signalling for proper formation of the fornix of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Christophe Deloulme
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Franck Mauconduit
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Chauvet
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Julie Jonckheere
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Benoit Boulan
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Erik Mire
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Jing Xue
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Wentworthville, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Marion Jany
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Caroline Maucler
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Agathe A Deparis
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Olivier Montigon
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [3] Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Grenoble, IRMaGe, 38043 Grenoble, France [4] CNRS, UMS 3552, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | - Alexia Daoust
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel L Barbier
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Christophe Bosc
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Nicole Deglon
- 1] Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurotherapies (LCMN), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland [2] Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Neuroscience Research Center (CRN), 1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jacques Brocard
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Denarier
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [3] CEA, iRTSV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Le Brun
- 1] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] INSERM, U1036, 38054 Grenoble, France [3] CEA, iRTSV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Isabelle Vilgrain
- 1] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] INSERM, U1036, 38054 Grenoble, France [3] INSERM, U1036, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Phillip J Robinson
- Cell Signalling Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, University of Sydney, Wentworthville, New South Wales 2145, Australia
| | - Hana Lahrech
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [3] CEA, LETI, CLINATEC, MINATEC Campus, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Fanny Mann
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDM UMR 7288, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- 1] INSERM, U836, F-38000 Grenoble, France [2] Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, F-38000 Grenoble, France [3] CEA, iRTSV, F-38000 Grenoble, France
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8
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Gory-Fauré S, Windscheid V, Brocard J, Montessuit S, Tsutsumi R, Denarier E, Fukata Y, Bosc C, Delaroche J, Collomb N, Fukata M, Martinou JC, Pernet-Gallay K, Andrieux A. Non-microtubular localizations of microtubule-associated protein 6 (MAP6). PLoS One 2014; 9:e114905. [PMID: 25526643 PMCID: PMC4272302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP6 proteins (MAP6s), which include MAP6-N (also called Stable Tubule Only Polypeptide, or STOP) and MAP6d1 (MAP6 domain-containing protein 1, also called STOP-Like protein 21 kD, or SL21), bind to and stabilize microtubules. MAP6 deletion in mice severely alters integrated brain functions and is associated with synaptic defects, suggesting that MAP6s may also have alternative cellular roles. MAP6s reportedly associate with the Golgi apparatus through palmitoylation of their N-terminal domain, and specific isoforms have been shown to bind actin. Here, we use heterologous systems to investigate several biochemical properties of MAP6 proteins. We demonstrate that the three N-terminal cysteines of MAP6d1 are palmitoylated by a subset of DHHC-type palmitoylating enzymes. Analysis of the subcellular localization of palmitoylated MAP6d1, including electron microscopic analysis, reveals possible localization to the Golgi and the plasma membrane but no association with the endoplasmic reticulum. Moreover, we observed localization of MAP6d1 to mitochondria, which requires the N-terminus of the protein but does not require palmitoylation. We show that endogenous MAP6d1 localized at mitochondria in mature mice neurons as well as at the outer membrane and in the intermembrane space of purified mouse mitochondria. Last, we found that MAP6d1 can multimerize via a microtubule-binding module. Interestingly, most of these properties of MAP6d1 are shared by MAP6-N. Together, these results describe several properties of MAP6 proteins, including their intercellular localization and multimerization activity, which may be relevant to neuronal differentiation and synaptic functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Gory-Fauré
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (SGF); (AA)
| | - Vanessa Windscheid
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Jacques Brocard
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Sylvie Montessuit
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Ryouhei Tsutsumi
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Eric Denarier
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Grenoble, France
| | - Yuko Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Christophe Bosc
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Julie Delaroche
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Nora Collomb
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Masaki Fukata
- Division of Membrane Physiology, Department of Cell Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jean-Claude Martinou
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Karin Pernet-Gallay
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- Inserm, U836, Physiopathologie du cytosquelette, BP170, Grenoble, France
- University Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, BP170, Grenoble, France
- Commissariat à l'énergie atomique, Institut de Recherches en Technologies et Sciences pour le Vivant, Groupe Physiopathologie du Cytosquelette, Grenoble, France
- * E-mail: (SGF); (AA)
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9
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Rizig MA, McQuillin A, Ng A, Robinson M, Harrison A, Zvelebil M, Hunt SP, Gurling HM. A gene expression and systems pathway analysis of the effects of clozapine compared to haloperidol in the mouse brain implicates susceptibility genes for schizophrenia. J Psychopharmacol 2012; 26:1218-30. [PMID: 22767372 DOI: 10.1177/0269881112450780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Clozapine has markedly superior clinical properties compared to other antipsychotic drugs but the side effects of agranulocytosis, weight gain and diabetes limit its use. The reason why clozapine is more effective is not well understood. We studied messenger RNA (mRNA) gene expression in the mouse brain to identify pathways changed by clozapine compared to those changed by haloperidol so that we could identify which changes were specific to clozapine. Data interpretation was performed using an over-representation analysis (ORA) of gene ontology (GO), pathways and gene-by-gene differences. Clozapine significantly changed gene expression in pathways related to neuronal growth and differentiation to a greater extent than haloperidol; including the microtubule-associated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling and GO terms related to axonogenesis and neuroblast proliferation. Several genes implicated genetically or functionally in schizophrenia such as frizzled homolog 3 (FZD3), U2AF homology motif kinase 1 (UHMK1), pericentriolar material 1 (PCM1) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were changed by clozapine but not by haloperidol. Furthermore, when compared to untreated controls clozapine specifically regulated transcripts related to the glutamate system, microtubule function, presynaptic proteins and pathways associated with synaptic transmission such as clathrin cage assembly. Compared to untreated controls haloperidol modulated expression of neurotoxic and apoptotic responses such as NF-kappa B and caspase pathways, whilst clozapine did not. Pathways involving lipid and carbohydrate metabolism and appetite regulation were also more affected by clozapine than by haloperidol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mie A Rizig
- Molecular Psychiatry Laboratory, University College London, London, UK
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Ćurlin M, Kapuralin K, Muro AF, Baralle FE, Chowdhury K, Gajović S. Stam2 expression pattern during embryo development. Gene Expr Patterns 2012; 12:68-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2011.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2011] [Revised: 11/19/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Fournet V, Jany M, Fabre V, Chali F, Orsal D, Schweitzer A, Andrieux A, Messanvi F, Giros B, Hamon M, Lanfumey L, Deloulme JC, Martres MP. The deletion of the microtubule-associated STOP protein affects the serotonergic mouse brain network. J Neurochem 2010; 115:1579-94. [PMID: 20969568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.07064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The deletion of microtubule-associated protein stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP) leads to neuroanatomical, biochemical and severe behavioral alterations in mice, partly alleviated by antipsychotics. Therefore, STOP knockout (KO) mice have been proposed as a model of some schizophrenia-like symptoms. Preliminary data showed decreased brain serotonin (5-HT) tissue levels in STOP KO mice. As literature data demonstrate various interactions between microtubule-associated proteins and 5-HT, we characterized some features of the serotonergic neurotransmission in STOP KO mice. In the brainstem, mutant mice displayed higher tissue 5-HT levels and in vivo synthesis rate, together with marked increases in 5-HT transporter densities and 5-HT1A autoreceptor levels and electrophysiological sensitivity, without modification of the serotonergic soma number. Conversely, in projection areas, STOP KO mice exhibited lower 5-HT levels and in vivo synthesis rate, associated with severe decreases in 5-HT transporter densities, possibly related to reduced serotonergic terminals. Mutant mice also displayed a deficit of adult hippocampal neurogenesis, probably related to both STOP deletion and 5-HT depletion. Finally, STOP KO mice exhibited a reduced anxiety- and, probably, an increased helpness-status, that could be because of the strong imbalance of the serotonin neurotransmission between somas and terminals. Altogether, these data suggested that STOP deletion elicited peculiar 5-HT disconnectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Fournet
- INSERM UMRS 952, CNRS UMR 7224, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France
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Benardais K, Kasem B, Couegnas A, Samama B, Fernandez S, Schaeffer C, Antal MC, Job D, Schweitzer A, Andrieux A, Giersch A, Nehlig A, Boehm N. Loss of STOP protein impairs peripheral olfactory neurogenesis. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12753. [PMID: 20856814 PMCID: PMC2939889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background STOP (Stable Tubulin-Only Polypeptide) null mice show behavioral deficits, impaired synaptic plasticity, decrease in synaptic vesicular pools and disturbances in dopaminergic transmission, and are considered a neurodevelopmental model of schizophrenia. Olfactory neurons highly express STOP protein and are continually generated throughout life. Experimentally-induced loss of olfactory neurons leads to epithelial regeneration within two months, providing a useful model to evaluate the role played by STOP protein in adult olfactory neurogenesis. Methodology/Principal Findings Immunocytochemistry and electron microscopy were used to study the structure of the glomerulus in the main olfactory bulb and neurogenesis in the neurosensorial epithelia. In STOP null mice, olfactory neurons showed presynaptic swellings with tubulovesicular profiles and autophagic-like structures. In olfactory and vomeronasal epithelia, there was an increase in neurons turnover, as shown by the increase in number of proliferating, apoptotic and immature cells with no changes in the number of mature neurons. Similar alterations in peripheral olfactory neurogenesis have been previously described in schizophrenia patients. In STOP null mice, regeneration of the olfactory epithelium did not modify these anomalies; moreover, regeneration resulted in abnormal organisation of olfactory terminals within the olfactory glomeruli in STOP null mice. Conclusions/Significance In conclusion, STOP protein seems to be involved in the establishment of synapses in the olfactory glomerulus. Our results indicate that the olfactory system of STOP null mice is a well-suited experimental model (1) for the study of the mechanism of action of STOP protein in synaptic function/plasticity and (2) for pathophysiological studies of the mechanisms of altered neuronal connections in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karelle Benardais
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Basem Kasem
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alice Couegnas
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Brigitte Samama
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Sebastien Fernandez
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christiane Schaeffer
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Maria-Cristina Antal
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Didier Job
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-GPC, CEA-Grenoble, France; Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Schweitzer
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-GPC, CEA-Grenoble, France; Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France
| | - Annie Andrieux
- INSERM U836, Grenoble Institut of Neurosciences, Grenoble, France; iRTSV-GPC, CEA-Grenoble, France; Université Joseph Fourrier, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | - Nelly Boehm
- INSERM U666, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Faculté de Médecine, Institut d'Histologie, Strasbourg, France
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Contreras L, Urbieta A, Kobayashi K, Saheki T, Satrústegui J. Low levels of citrin (SLC25A13) expression in adult mouse brain restricted to neuronal clusters. J Neurosci Res 2009; 88:1009-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Richard M, Sacquet J, Jany M, Schweitzer A, Jourdan F, Andrieux A, Pellier-Monnin V. STOP proteins contribute to the maturation of the olfactory system. Mol Cell Neurosci 2009; 41:120-34. [PMID: 19236915 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2009.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2008] [Revised: 01/13/2009] [Accepted: 02/06/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of microtubule dynamics is crucial for axon growth and guidance as well as for the establishment of synaptic connections. STOPs (Stable Tubule Only Polypeptides) are microtubule-associated proteins that regulate microtubule stabilization but are also able to interact with actin or Golgi membranes. Here, we have investigated the involvement of STOPs during the development of the olfactory system. We first describe the spatio-temporal expression patterns of N- and E-STOP, the two neuronal-specific isoforms of STOP. E- and N-STOP are expressed in the axonal compartment of olfactory sensory neurons, but are differentially regulated during development. Interestingly, each neuronal isoform displays a specific gradient distribution within the olfactory nerve layer. Then, we have examined the development of the olfactory system in the absence of STOPs. Olfactory axons display a normal outgrowth and targeting in STOP-null mice, but maturation of the synapses in the glomerular neuropil is altered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion Richard
- Laboratoire Neurosciences Sensorielles, Comportement, Cognition, CNRS-UMR 5020, Université de Lyon, Lyon 1, F-69366, France.
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The stop null mice model for schizophrenia displays [corrected] cognitive and social deficits partly alleviated by neuroleptics. Neuroscience 2008; 157:29-39. [PMID: 18804150 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2008] [Revised: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 07/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Recently evidence has accumulated that schizophrenia can arise from primary synaptic defects involving structural proteins particularly, microtubule associated proteins. Previous experiments have demonstrated that a STOP (stable tubule only peptide) gene deletion in mice leads to a phenotype mimicking some aspects of positive symptoms classically observed in schizophrenic patients. In the current study, we determined if STOP null mice demonstrate behavioral abnormalities related to the social and cognitive impairments of schizophrenia. Compared with wild-type mice, STOP null mice exhibited deficits in the non-aggressive component of social recognition, short term working memory and social and spatial learning. As described in humans, learning deficits in STOP null mice were poorly sensitive to long term treatment with typical neuroleptics. Since social and cognitive dysfunction have consistently been considered as central features of schizophrenia, we propose that STOP null mice may provide a useful model to understand the neurobiological correlates of social and cognitive defects in schizophrenia and to develop treatments that better target these symptoms.
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Hanaya R, Koning E, Ferrandon A, Schweitzer A, Andrieux A, Nehlig A. Deletion of the STOP gene, a microtubule stabilizing factor, leads only to discrete cerebral metabolic changes in mice. J Neurosci Res 2008; 86:813-20. [PMID: 17969102 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In mice, deletion of the STOP protein leads to subtle anatomic changes and induces depleted synaptic vesicle pools, impaired synaptic plasticity, hyperdopaminergy, and major behavioral disorders alleviated by neuroleptics, hence leading to a schizophrenic-like phenotype. In this study, we applied the quantitative autoradiographic [(14)C]2-deoxyglucose technique to study to what extent the basal rate of cerebral glucose utilization in STOP-knockout (STOP-KO) mice occurs in regions where metabolic changes have been reported in schizophrenic patients. Studies were performed on wild-type, heterozygous, and homozygous STOP-KO mice (7-8 per group). Mice were implanted with femoral artery and vein catheters, and cerebral glucose utilization was quantified over 45 min. Compared with that in wild-type mice, glucose utilization in STOP-KO mice was significantly increased in the olfactory cortex, ventromedial and anterolateral hypothalamus, ventral tegmental area, and substantia nigra pars compacta. Nonsignificant increases, ranging between 9% and 19%, were recorded in the whole auditory system, CA1 pyramidal cell layer, and dorsal raphe. Glucose utilization was also significantly increased in heterozygous mice compared with that in wild-type mice in olfactory cortex. These data might reflect hyperdopaminergic activity, olfactory deficits, and sleep disturbances in STOP-KO mice that have also been reported in schizophrenic patients.
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Bouvrais-Veret C, Weiss S, Hanoun N, Andrieux A, Schweitzer A, Job D, Hamon M, Giros B, Martres MP. Microtubule-associated STOP protein deletion triggers restricted changes in dopaminergic neurotransmission. J Neurochem 2008; 104:745-56. [PMID: 18199119 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.05025.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The microtubule-associated stable tubule only polypeptide (STOP) protein plays a key-role in neuron architecture and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies suggest that schizophrenia is associated with alterations in the synaptic connectivity. Mice invalidated for the STOP gene display phenotype reminiscent of some schizophrenic-like symptoms, such as behavioral disturbances, dopamine (DA) hyper-reactivity, and possible hypoglutamatergia, partly improved by antipsychotic treatment. In the present work, we examined potential alterations in some DAergic key proteins and behaviors in STOP knockout mice. Whereas the densities of the DA transporter, the vesicular monoamine transporter and the D(1) receptor were not modified, the densities of the D(2) and D(3) receptors were decreased in some DAergic regions in mutant versus wild-type mice. Endogenous DA levels were selectively decreased in DAergic terminals areas, although the in vivo DA synthesis was diminished both in cell bodies and terminal areas. The DA uptake was decreased in accumbic synaptosomes, but not significantly altered in striatal synaptosomes. Finally, STOP knockout mice were hypersensitive to acute and subchronic locomotor effects of cocaine, although the drug equally inhibited DA uptake in mutant and wild-type mice. Altogether, these data showed that deletion of the ubiquitous STOP protein elicited restricted alterations in DAergic neurotransmission, preferentially in the meso-limbic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bouvrais-Veret
- Inserm, U513, Créteil, France, and Univ Paris 12, Faculté de Médecine Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
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