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Silaidos CV, Reutzel M, Wachter L, Dieter F, Ludin N, Blum WF, Wudy SA, Matura S, Pilatus U, Hattingen E, Pantel J, Eckert GP. Age-related changes in energy metabolism in peripheral mononuclear blood cells (PBMCs) and the brains of cognitively healthy seniors. GeroScience 2024; 46:981-998. [PMID: 37308768 PMCID: PMC10828287 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00810-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of cellular senescence and many age-related neurodegenerative diseases. We therefore investigated the relationship between mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells and cerebral energy metabolites in young and older sex-matched, physically and mentally healthy volunteers. Cross-sectional observational study involving 65 young (26.0 ± 0.49 years) and 65 older (71.7 ± 0.71 years) women and men recruited. Cognitive health was evaluated using established psychometric methods (MMSE, CERAD). Blood samples were collected and analyzed, and fresh peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated. Mitochondrial respiratory complex activity was measured using a Clarke electrode. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and citrate synthase activity (CS) were determined by bioluminescence and photometrically. N-aspartyl-aspartate (tNAA), ATP, creatine (Cr), and phosphocreatine (PCr) were quantified in brains using 1H- and 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI). Levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) were determined using a radio-immune assay (RIA). Complex IV activity (CIV) (- 15%) and ATP levels (- 11%) were reduced in PBMCs isolated from older participants. Serum levels of IGF-1 were significantly reduced (- 34%) in older participants. Genes involved in mitochondrial activity, antioxidant mechanisms, and autophagy were unaffected by age. tNAA levels were reduced (- 5%), Cr (+ 11%), and PCr (+ 14%) levels were increased, and ATP levels were unchanged in the brains of older participants. Markers of energy metabolism in blood cells did not significantly correlate with energy metabolites in the brain. Age-related bioenergetic changes were detected in peripheral blood cells and the brains of healthy older people. However, mitochondrial function in peripheral blood cells does not reflect energy related metabolites in the brain. While ATP levels in PBMCs may be be a valid marker for age-related mitochondrial dysfunction in humans, cerebral ATP remained constant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmina V Silaidos
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Martina Reutzel
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lena Wachter
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabian Dieter
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nasir Ludin
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Werner F Blum
- Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology, Peptide Hormone Research Unit Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Wudy
- Laboratory for Translational Hormone Analytics in Pediatric Endocrinology, Peptide Hormone Research Unit Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology, Center of Child and Adolescent Medicine, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Matura
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Ulrich Pilatus
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, Frankfurt, Germany
- Brain Imaging Center (BIC), University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt a. M, Germany
| | - Elke Hattingen
- Institute for Neuroradiology, University Hospital, Goethe University, Schleusenweg 2-16, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Geriatric Medicine, Institute of General Practice, Goethe University, Frankfurt a. M, Germany
| | - Gunter P Eckert
- Laboratory for Nutrition in Prevention and Therapy, Biomedical Research Center Seltersberg (BFS), Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392, Giessen, Germany.
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Guerri L, Dobbs LK, da Silva e Silva DA, Meyers A, Ge A, Lecaj L, Djakuduel C, Islek D, Hipolito D, Martinez AB, Shen PH, Marietta CA, Garamszegi SP, Capobianco E, Jiang Z, Schwandt M, Mash DC, Alvarez VA, Goldman D. Low Dopamine D2 Receptor Expression Drives Gene Networks Related to GABA, cAMP, Growth and Neuroinflammation in Striatal Indirect Pathway Neurons. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:1104-1115. [PMID: 37881572 PMCID: PMC10593893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A salient effect of addictive drugs is to hijack the dopamine reward system, an evolutionarily conserved driver of goal-directed behavior and learning. Reduced dopamine type 2 receptor availability in the striatum is an important pathophysiological mechanism for addiction that is both consequential and causal for other molecular, cellular, and neuronal network differences etiologic for this disorder. Here, we sought to identify gene expression changes attributable to innate low expression of the Drd2 gene in the striatum and specific to striatal indirect medium spiny neurons (iMSNs). Methods Cre-conditional, translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) was used to purify and analyze the translatome (ribosome-bound messenger RNA) of iMSNs from mice with low/heterozygous or wild-type Drd2 expression in iMSNs. Complementary electrophysiological recordings and gene expression analysis of postmortem brain tissue from human cocaine users were performed. Results Innate low expression of Drd2 in iMSNs led to differential expression of genes involved in GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) and cAMP (cyclic adenosine monophosphate) signaling, neural growth, lipid metabolism, neural excitability, and inflammation. Creb1 was identified as a likely upstream regulator, among others. In human brain, expression of FXYD2, a modulatory subunit of the Na/K pump, was negatively correlated with DRD2 messenger RNA expression. In iMSN-TRAP-Drd2HET mice, increased Cartpt and reduced S100a10 (p11) expression recapitulated previous observations in cocaine paradigms. Electrophysiology experiments supported a higher GABA tone in iMSN-Drd2HET mice. Conclusions This study provides strong molecular evidence that, in addiction, inhibition by the indirect pathway is constitutively enhanced through neural growth and increased GABA signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Guerri
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lauren K. Dobbs
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas
| | - Daniel A. da Silva e Silva
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allen Meyers
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Aaron Ge
- University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland
| | - Lea Lecaj
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Caroline Djakuduel
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Damien Islek
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dionisio Hipolito
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Abdiel Badillo Martinez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Pei-Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Cheryl A. Marietta
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Susanna P. Garamszegi
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Enrico Capobianco
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Zhijie Jiang
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Melanie Schwandt
- Office of the Clinical Director, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Deborah C. Mash
- Department of Neurology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Institute for Data Science and Computing, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida
| | - Veronica A. Alvarez
- Laboratory on Neurobiology of Compulsive Behaviors, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
- Office of the Clinical Director, NIAAA, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Guerra-Cantera S, Frago LM, Jiménez-Hernaiz M, Collado-Pérez R, Canelles S, Ros P, García-Piqueras J, Pérez-Nadador I, Barrios V, Argente J, Chowen JA. The metabolic effects of resumption of a high fat diet after weight loss are sex dependent in mice. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13227. [PMID: 37580448 PMCID: PMC10425431 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40514-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Dietary restriction is a frequent strategy for weight loss, but adherence is difficult and returning to poor dietary habits can result in more weight gain than that previously lost. How weight loss due to unrestricted intake of a healthy diet affects the response to resumption of poor dietary habits is less studied. Moreover, whether this response differs between the sexes and if the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system, sex dependent and involved in metabolic control, participates is unknown. Mice received rodent chow (6% Kcal from fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD, 62% Kcal from fat) for 4 months, chow for 3 months plus 1 month of HFD, or HFD for 2 months, chow for 1 month then HFD for 1 month. Males and females gained weight on HFD and lost weight when returned to chow at different rates (p < 0.001), but weight gain after resumption of HFD intake was not affected by previous weight loss in either sex. Glucose metabolism was more affected by HFD, as well as the re-exposure to HFD after weight loss, in males. This was associated with increases in hypothalamic mRNA levels of IGF2 (p < 0.01) and IGF binding protein (IGFBP) 2 (p < 0.05), factors involved in glucose metabolism, again only in males. Likewise, IGF2 increased IGFBP2 mRNA levels only in hypothalamic astrocytes from males (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the metabolic responses to dietary changes were less severe and more delayed in females and the IGF system might be involved in some of the sex specific observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santiago Guerra-Cantera
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura M Frago
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jiménez-Hernaiz
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Collado-Pérez
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Canelles
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Purificación Ros
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge García-Piqueras
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Iris Pérez-Nadador
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vicente Barrios
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Argente
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julie A Chowen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital Infantil Universitario Niño Jesús, Instituto de Investigación La Princesa, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM + CSIC, Madrid, Spain.
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Williams HC, Carlson SW, Saatman KE. A role for insulin-like growth factor-1 in hippocampal plasticity following traumatic brain injury. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2022; 118:423-455. [PMID: 35180936 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) initiates a constellation of secondary injury cascades, leading to neuronal damage and dysfunction that is often beyond the scope of endogenous repair mechanisms. Cognitive deficits are among the most persistent morbidities resulting from TBI, necessitating a greater understanding of mechanisms of posttraumatic hippocampal damage and neuroplasticity and identification of therapies that improve recovery by enhancing repair pathways. Focusing here on hippocampal neuropathology associated with contusion-type TBIs, the impact of brain trauma on synaptic structure and function and the process of adult neurogenesis is discussed, reviewing initial patterns of damage as well as evidence for spontaneous recovery. A case is made that insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), a growth-promoting peptide synthesized in both the brain and the periphery, is well suited to augment neuroplasticity in the injured brain. Essential during brain development, multiple lines of evidence delineate roles in the adult brain for IGF-1 in the maintenance of synapses, regulation of neurotransmission, and modulation of forms of synaptic plasticity such as long-term potentiation. Further, IGF-1 enhances adult hippocampal neurogenesis though effects on proliferation and neuronal differentiation of neural progenitor cells and on dendritic growth of newly born neurons. Post-injury administration of IGF-1 has been effective in rodent models of TBI in improving learning and memory, attenuating death of mature hippocampal neurons and promoting neurogenesis, providing critical proof-of-concept data. More studies are needed to explore the effects of IGF-1-based therapies on synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity following TBI and to optimize strategies in order to stimulate only appropriate, functional neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah C Williams
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Shaun W Carlson
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Kathryn E Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States.
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Mannino G, Russo C, Maugeri G, Musumeci G, Vicario N, Tibullo D, Giuffrida R, Parenti R, Lo Furno D. Adult stem cell niches for tissue homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2021; 237:239-257. [PMID: 34435361 PMCID: PMC9291197 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adult stem cells are fundamental to maintain tissue homeostasis, growth, and regeneration. They reside in specialized environments called niches. Following activating signals, they proliferate and differentiate into functional cells that are able to preserve tissue physiology, either to guarantee normal turnover or to counteract tissue damage caused by injury or disease. Multiple interactions occur within the niche between stem cell‐intrinsic factors, supporting cells, the extracellular matrix, and signaling pathways. Altogether, these interactions govern cell fate, preserving the stem cell pool, and regulating stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Based on their response to body needs, tissues can be largely classified into three main categories: tissues that even in normal conditions are characterized by an impressive turnover to replace rapidly exhausting cells (blood, epidermis, or intestinal epithelium); tissues that normally require only a basal cell replacement, though able to efficiently respond to increased tissue needs, injury, or disease (skeletal muscle); tissues that are equipped with less powerful stem cell niches, whose repairing ability is not able to overcome severe damage (heart or nervous tissue). The purpose of this review is to describe the main characteristics of stem cell niches in these different tissues, highlighting the various components influencing stem cell activity. Although much has been done, more work is needed to further increase our knowledge of niche interactions. This would be important not only to shed light on this fundamental chapter of human physiology but also to help the development of cell‐based strategies for clinical therapeutic applications, especially when other approaches fail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Mannino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Grazia Maugeri
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Musumeci
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Daniele Tibullo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosario Giuffrida
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosalba Parenti
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Debora Lo Furno
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Effects of a Tripeptide on Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase and Glycogen Synthase Kinase Activation in a Cell Line Derived from the Foetal Hippocampus of a Trisomy 16 Mouse: an Animal Model of Down Syndrome. Neurotox Res 2019; 37:714-723. [PMID: 31802378 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-019-00130-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) is a developmental disorder that results from the trisomy of chromosome 21. DS patients show several abnormalities including cognitive deficits. Here, we show enhanced activation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), a kinase that critically regulates synaptic plasticity and memory, in a hippocampal cell line derived from trisomy 16 mouse foetus. In addition, these cells show enhanced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). The hyper-activation of ERK and p38 MAPK is significantly reduced by a small peptide, Gly-Pro-Glu (GPE), derived from insulin-like growth factor-1. In addition, the trisomic cells show reduced level of inhibitory phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β), which is enhanced by GPE. Furthermore, the trisomic cells do not show ERK activation in response to KCl depolarization or forskolin treatment. Importantly, ERK activation by these stimuli is observed after GPE treatment of the cells. These results suggest that GPE may help reduce aberrant signalling in the trisomic neurons by affecting MAPK and GSK-3β activation.
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7
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Farias Quipildor GE, Mao K, Hu Z, Novaj A, Cui MH, Gulinello M, Branch CA, Gubbi S, Patel K, Moellering DR, Tarantini S, Kiss T, Yabluchanskiy A, Ungvari Z, Sonntag WE, Huffman DM. Central IGF-1 protects against features of cognitive and sensorimotor decline with aging in male mice. GeroScience 2019; 41:185-208. [PMID: 31076997 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-019-00065-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Disruptions in growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) signaling have been linked to improved longevity in mice and humans. Nevertheless, while IGF-1 levels are associated with increased cancer risk, they have been paradoxically implicated with protection from other age-related conditions, particularly in the brain, suggesting that strategies aimed at selectively increasing central IGF-1 action may have favorable effects on aging. To test this hypothesis, we generated inducible, brain-specific (TRE-IGF-1 × Camk2a-tTA) IGF-1 (bIGF-1) overexpression mice and studied effects on healthspan. Doxycycline was removed from the diet at 12 weeks old to permit post-development brain IGF-1 overexpression, and animals were monitored up to 24 months. Brain IGF-1 levels were increased approximately twofold in bIGF-1 mice, along with greater brain weights, volume, and myelin density (P < 0.05). Age-related changes in rotarod performance, exercise capacity, depressive-like behavior, and hippocampal gliosis were all attenuated specifically in bIGF-1 male mice (P < 0.05). However, chronic brain IGF-1 failed to prevent declines in cognitive function or neurovascular coupling. Therefore, we performed a short-term intranasal (IN) treatment of either IGF-1 or saline in 24-month-old male C57BL/6 mice and found that IN IGF-1 treatment tended to reduce depressive (P = 0.09) and anxiety-like behavior (P = 0.08) and improve motor coordination (P = 0.07) and unlike transgenic mice improved motor learning (P < 0.05) and visuospatial and working memory (P < 0.05). These data highlight important sex differences in how brain IGF-1 action impacts healthspan and suggest that translational approaches that target IGF-1 centrally can restore cognitive function, a possibility that should be explored as a strategy to combat age-related cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela E Farias Quipildor
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Kai Mao
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Zunju Hu
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Ardijana Novaj
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Min-Hui Cui
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Gulinello
- Behavioral Core Facility, Dominick S. Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Craig A Branch
- Department of Radiology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Sriram Gubbi
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Khushbu Patel
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Douglas R Moellering
- Department of Nutrition Sciences, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Stefano Tarantini
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Tamas Kiss
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Andriy Yabluchanskiy
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - William E Sonntag
- Reynolds Oklahoma Center on Aging, Department of Geriatric Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
| | - Derek M Huffman
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Forchheimer Bldg, Rm 236, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA. .,Institute for Aging Research, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.
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8
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Dwivedi N, Shah J, Mishra V, Tambuwala M, Kesharwani P. Nanoneuromedicine for management of neurodegenerative disorder. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2018.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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9
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Carlson SW, Saatman KE. Central Infusion of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-1 Increases Hippocampal Neurogenesis and Improves Neurobehavioral Function after Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:1467-1480. [PMID: 29455576 PMCID: PMC5998830 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) produces neuronal dysfunction and cellular loss that can culminate in lasting impairments in cognitive and motor abilities. Therapeutic agents that promote repair and replenish neurons post-TBI hold promise in improving recovery of function. Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic factor capable of mediating neuroprotective and neuroplasticity mechanisms. Targeted overexpression of IGF-1 enhances the generation of hippocampal newborn neurons in brain-injured mice; however, the translational neurogenic potential of exogenously administered IGF-1 post-TBI remains unknown. In a mouse model of controlled cortical impact, continuous intracerebroventricular infusion of recombinant human IGF-1 (hIGF) for 7 days, beginning 15 min post-injury, resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the number of immature neurons in the hippocampus. Infusion of 10 μg/day of IGF-1 produced detectable levels of hIGF-1 in the cortex and hippocampus and a concomitant increase in protein kinase B activation in the hippocampus. Both motor function and cognition were improved over 7 days post-injury in IGF-1-treated cohorts. Vehicle-treated brain-injured mice showed reduced hippocampal immature neuron density relative to sham controls at 7 days post-injury. In contrast, the density of hippocampal immature neurons in brain-injured mice receiving acute onset IGF-1 infusion was significantly higher than in injured mice receiving vehicle and equivalent to that in sham-injured control mice. Importantly, the neurogenic effect of IGF-1 was maintained with as much as a 6-h delay in the initiation of infusion. These data suggest that central infusion of IGF-1 enhances the generation of immature neurons in the hippocampus, with a therapeutic window of at least 6 h post-injury, and promotes neurobehavioral recovery post-TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun W. Carlson
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Kathryn E. Saatman
- Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
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10
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Adams KV, Morshead CM. Neural stem cell heterogeneity in the mammalian forebrain. Prog Neurobiol 2018; 170:2-36. [PMID: 29902499 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The brain was long considered an organ that underwent very little change after development. It is now well established that the mammalian central nervous system contains neural stem cells that generate progeny that are capable of making new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. The field has advanced rapidly as it strives to understand the basic biology of these precursor cells, and explore their potential to promote brain repair. The purpose of this review is to present current knowledge about the diversity of neural stem cells in vitro and in vivo, and highlight distinctions between neural stem cell populations, throughout development, and within the niche. A comprehensive understanding of neural stem cell heterogeneity will provide insights into the cellular and molecular regulation of neural development and lifelong neurogenesis, and will guide the development of novel strategies to promote regeneration and neural repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey V Adams
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada.
| | - Cindi M Morshead
- Institute of Medical Science, Terrence Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 3E2, Canada; Department of Surgery, Division of Anatomy, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, Canada; Rehabilitation Science Institute, University of Toronto, Canada.
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11
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Kondo M, Koyama Y, Nakamura Y, Shimada S. A novel 5HT3 receptor-IGF1 mechanism distinct from SSRI-induced antidepressant effects. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:833-842. [PMID: 28439104 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder affecting around 350 million people worldwide. Although selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most widely used antidepressants, a significant proportion of depressed patients do not achieve remission with SSRIs. In this study, we show that a serotonin type 3 receptor (5HT3R) agonist induces antidepressant effects as well as hippocampal neurogenesis independent of fluoxetine (a commonly used SSRI). Notably, our histological analysis reveals that 5HT3R and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) are expressed in the same neurons in the subgranular zone of the hippocampal dentate gyrus. Furthermore, our in vivo microdialysis analysis shows that 5HT3R regulates hippocampal extracellular IGF1 levels, and we also show that 5HT3R-dependent hippocampal neurogenesis is mediated by increased IGF1 levels. Altogether, our findings suggest a novel 5HT3R-IGF1 mechanism that is distinct from fluoxetine-induced responses and that provides a new therapeutic target for depression, especially bringing significant benefits for SSRI-resistant depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kondo
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Koyama
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Shimada
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, Japan
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12
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Lee IH, Huang SS, Chuang CY, Liao KH, Chang LH, Chuang CC, Su YS, Lin HJ, Hsieh JY, Su SH, Lee OKS, Kuo HC. Delayed epidural transplantation of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitors enhances functional recovery after stroke. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1943. [PMID: 28512358 PMCID: PMC5434043 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02137-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) are a promising source of tailor-made cell therapy for neurological diseases. However, major obstacles to clinical use still exist. To circumvent complications related to intracerebral administration, we implanted human iPSC-NPCs epidurally over the peri-infarct cortex 7 days after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats. Compared to controls, cell-treated rats showed significant improvements in paretic forelimb usage and grip strength from 10 days post-transplantation (dpt) onwards, as well as reductions in lesion volumes, inflammatory infiltration and astrogliosis at 21 dpt. Few iPSC-NPCs migrated into rat peri-infarct cortices and exhibited poor survival in tissue. To examine the paracrine therapeutic mechanisms of epidural iPSC-NPC grafts, we used transmembrane co-cultures of human iPSC-NPCs with rat cortical cells subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Compared to other human stem cells, iPSC-NPCs were superior at promoting neuronal survival and outgrowth, and mitigating astrogliosis. Using comparative whole-genome microarrays and cytokine neutralization, we identified a neurorestorative secretome from iPSC-NPCs, and neutralizing enriched cytokines abolished neuroprotective effects in co-cultures. This proof-of-concept study demonstrates a relatively safe, yet effective epidural route for delivering human iPSC-NPCs, which acts predominately through discrete paracrine effects to promote functional recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Hui Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiang-Suo Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Institute of Medicine, Chung-Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Pharmacy, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chuang
- Stem Cell Program, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Hsun Liao
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsin Chang
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chi Chuang
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Shih Su
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jui Lin
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Hsieh
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Han Su
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oscar Kuang-Sheng Lee
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Stem Cell Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Chih Kuo
- Stem Cell Program, Institute of Cellular and Organismic Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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13
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Jung S, Boie G, Doerr HG, Trollmann R. Oxygen-sensitive regulation and neuroprotective effects of growth hormone-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 312:R539-R548. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00477.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Perinatal hypoxia severely disrupts metabolic and somatotrophic development, as well as cerebral maturational programs. Hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) represent the most important endogenous adaptive mechanisms to hypoxia, activating a broad spectrum of growth factors that contribute to cell survival and energy homeostasis. To analyze effects of systemic hypoxia and growth hormone (GH) therapy (rhGH) on HIF-dependent growth factors during early postnatal development, we compared protein (using ELISA) and mRNA (using quantitative RT PCR) levels of growth factors in plasma and brain between normoxic and hypoxic mice (8% O2, 6 h; postnatal day 7, P7) at P14. Exposure to hypoxia led to reduced body weight ( P < 0.001) and length ( P < 0.04) compared with controls and was associated with significantly reduced plasma levels of mouse GH ( P < 0.01) and IGF-1 ( P < 0.01). RhGH abrogated these hypoxia-induced changes of the GH/IGF-1 axis associated with normalization of weight and length gain until P14 compared with controls. In addition, rhGH treatment increased cerebral IGF-1, IGF-2, IGFBP-2, and erythropoietin mRNA levels, resulting in significantly reduced apoptotic cell death in the hypoxic, developing mouse brain. These data indicate that rhGH may functionally restore hypoxia-induced systemic dysregulation of the GH/IGF-1 axis and induce upregulation of neuroprotective, HIF-dependent growth factors in the hypoxic developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jung
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Gudrun Boie
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Helmuth-Guenther Doerr
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regina Trollmann
- Division of Neuropediatrics, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany; and
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Vahdatpour C, Dyer AH, Tropea D. Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 and Related Compounds in the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:450. [PMID: 27746717 PMCID: PMC5043261 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) is a neurotrophic polypeptide with crucial roles to play in Central Nervous System (CNS) growth, development and maturation. Following interrogation of the neurobiology underlying several neurodevelopmental disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD), both recombinant IGF-1 (mecasermin) and related derivatives, such as (1-3)IGF-1, have emerged as potential therapeutic approaches. Clinical pilot studies and early reports have supported the safety/preliminary efficacy of IGF-1 and related compounds in the treatment of Rett Syndrome, with evidence mounting for its use in Phelan McDermid Syndrome and Fragile X Syndrome. In ASD, clinical trials are ongoing. Here, we review the role of IGF-1 in the molecular etiologies of these conditions in addition to the accumulating evidence from early clinical studies highlighting the possibility of IGF-1 and related compounds as potential treatments for these childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam H. Dyer
- School of Medicine, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
| | - Daniela Tropea
- Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College DublinDublin, Ireland
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15
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Dyer AH, Vahdatpour C, Sanfeliu A, Tropea D. The role of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 (IGF-1) in brain development, maturation and neuroplasticity. Neuroscience 2016; 325:89-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.03.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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16
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Nieto-Estévez V, Oueslati-Morales CO, Li L, Pickel J, Morales AV, Vicario-Abejón C. Brain Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Directs the Transition from Stem Cells to Mature Neurons During Postnatal/Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis. Stem Cells 2016; 34:2194-209. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vanesa Nieto-Estévez
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Carlos O. Oueslati-Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Lingling Li
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - James Pickel
- Transgenic Core, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Aixa V. Morales
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
| | - Carlos Vicario-Abejón
- Instituto Cajal, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
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17
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Nanoparticle-mediated growth factor delivery systems: A new way to treat Alzheimer's disease. J Control Release 2015; 206:187-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Revised: 03/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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18
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Hami J, Shojae F, Vafaee-Nezhad S, Lotfi N, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Some of the experimental and clinical aspects of the effects of the maternal diabetes on developing hippocampus. World J Diabetes 2015; 6:412-422. [PMID: 25897352 PMCID: PMC4398898 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v6.i3.412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of multiple congenital anomalies in progeny. There are sufficient evidence suggesting that the children of diabetic women exhibit intellectual and behavioral abnormalities accompanied by modification of hippocampus structure and function. Although, the exact mechanism by which maternal diabetes affects the developing hippocampus remains to be defined. Multiple biological alterations, including hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, oxidative stress, hypoxia, and iron deficiency occur in pregnancies with diabetes and affect the development of central nervous system (CNS) of the fetus. The conclusion from several studies is that disturbance in glucose and insulin homeostasis in mothers and infants are major teratogenic factor in the development of CNS. Insulin and Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are two key regulators of CNS function and development. Insulin and IGF-1 receptors (IR and IGF1R, respectively) are distributed in a highly specific pattern with the high density in some brain regions such as hippocampus. Recent researches have clearly established that maternal diabetes disrupts the regulation of both IR and IGF1R in the hippocampus of rat newborn. Dissecting out the mechanisms responsible for maternal diabetes-related changes in the development of hippocampus is helping to prevent from impaired cognitive and memory functions in offspring.
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19
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Lauzon MA, Daviau A, Marcos B, Faucheux N. Growth factor treatment to overcome Alzheimer's dysfunctional signaling. Cell Signal 2015; 27:1025-38. [PMID: 25744541 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The number of people suffering from Alzheimer's disease (AD) will increase as the world population ages, creating a huge socio-economic burden. The three pathophysiological hallmarks of AD are the cholinergic system dysfunction, the β-amyloid peptide deposition and the Tau protein hyperphosphorylation. Current treatments have only transient effects and each tends to concentrate on a single pathophysiological aspect of AD. This review first provides an overall view of AD in terms of its pathophysiological symptoms and signaling dysfunction. We then examine the therapeutic potential of growth factors (GFs) by showing how they can overcome the dysfunctional cell signaling that occurs in AD. Finally, we discuss new alternatives to GFs that help overcome the problem of brain uptake, such as small peptides, with evidence from some of our unpublished data on human neuronal cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc-Antoine Lauzon
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Alex Daviau
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Bernard Marcos
- Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Nathalie Faucheux
- Cell-Biomaterial Biohybrid Systems, Department of Chemical and Biotechnological Engineering, Université de Sherbrooke, 2500 boul. de l'Université, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada.
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20
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Hami J, Kheradmand H, Haghir H. Gender differences and lateralization in the distribution pattern of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in developing rat hippocampus: an immunohistochemical study. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2013; 34:215-26. [PMID: 24287499 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-013-0005-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Numerous investigators have provided data supporting essential roles for insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) in development of the brain. The aim of this study was to immunohistochemically determine the distinct regional distribution pattern of IGF-1 receptor (IGF-IR) expression in various portions of newborn rat hippocampus on postnatal days 0 (P0), 7 (P7), and 14 (P14), with comparison between male/female and right/left hippocampi. We found an overall significant increase in distribution of IGF-IR-positive (IGF-IR+) cells in CA1 from P0 until P14. Although, no marked changes in distribution of IGF-IR+ cells in areas CA2 and CA3 were observed; IGF-IR+ cells in DG decreased until P14. The smallest number of immunoreactive cells was present in CA2 and the highest number in DG at P0. Moreover, in CA1, CA3, and DG, the number of IGF-IR+ cells was markedly higher in both sides of the hippocampus in females. Our data also showed a higher mean number of IGF-IR+ cells in the left hippocampus of female at P7. By contrast, male pups showed a significantly higher number of IGF-IR+ cells in the DG of the right hippocampus. At P14, the mean number of immunoreactive cells in CA1, CA3, and DG areas found to be significantly increased in left side of hippocampus of males, compared to females. These results indicate the existence of a differential distribution pattern of IGF-IR between left-right and male-female hippocampi. Together with other mechanisms, these differences may underlie sexual dimorphism and left-right asymmetry in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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Reduced adult hippocampal neurogenesis and working memory deficits in the Dgcr8-deficient mouse model of 22q11.2 deletion-associated schizophrenia can be rescued by IGF2. J Neurosci 2013; 33:9408-19. [PMID: 23719809 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2700-12.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DiGeorge syndrome chromosomal region 8 (Dgcr8), a candidate gene for 22q11.2 deletion-associated schizophrenia, encodes an essential component for microRNA (miRNA) biosynthesis that plays a pivotal role in hippocampal learning and memory. Adult neurogenesis is known to be important in hippocampus-dependent memory, but the role and molecular mechanisms of adult neurogenesis in schizophrenia remain unclear. Here, we show that Dgcr8 heterozygosity in mice leads to reduced cell proliferation and neurogenesis in adult hippocampus, as well as impaired hippocampus-dependent learning. Several schizophrenia-associated genes were downregulated in the hippocampus of Dgcr8(+/-) mice, and one of them, insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), rescued the proliferation of adult neural stem cells both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, IGF2 improved the spatial working memory deficits in Dgcr8(+/-) mice. These data suggest that defective adult neurogenesis contributes to the cognitive impairment observed in 22q11.2 deletion-associated schizophrenia and could be rectified by IGF2.
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Cetinkaya C, Sisman AR, Kiray M, Camsari UM, Gencoglu C, Baykara B, Aksu I, Uysal N. Positive effects of aerobic exercise on learning and memory functioning, which correlate with hippocampal IGF-1 increase in adolescent rats. Neurosci Lett 2013; 549:177-81. [PMID: 23792196 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2013.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/09/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
It is already known that regular aerobic exercise during adolescent period improves learning and memory in rats. In this study, we investigated the effects of regular aerobic exercise on learning, memory functioning and IGF-1 levels. IGF-1 is known to have positive effects on cognitive functions in adolescent rats. Exercise group was separated into two different groups. First half was run on a treadmill for 30 min per session at a speed of 8m/min and 0° slope, five times a week for 6 weeks. The second half was given free access to a running wheel (diameter 11.5 cm) which was connected to a digital counter and run on a treadmill for 6 weeks. Learning and memory functioning were found to be positively correlated with the exercise activity. Findings suggest increased neuron density in CA1 hippocampal region and dentate gyrus. Increased IGF-1 level was detected in hippocampus and blood serum, while IGF-1 level in liver tissue did not change with exercise activity. In conclusion, our findings indicate that learning and memory functioning were positively affected by voluntary and involuntary physical exercise which correlated increased hippocampal activity and elevated IGF-1 levels in adolescent rats.
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Abstract
The IGF (insulin-like growth factor) system is essential for physiological growth and it is also implicated in a number of diseases including cancer. IGF activity is modulated by a family of high-affinity IGF-binding proteins, and IGFBP-6 is distinctive because of its marked binding preference for IGF-II over IGF-I. A principal role for IGFBP-6 is inhibition of IGF-II actions, but recent studies have indicated that IGFBP-6 also has IGF-independent effects, including inhibition of angiogenesis and promotion of cancer cell migration. The present review briefly summarizes the IGF system in physiology and disease before focusing on recent studies on the regulation and actions of IGFBP-6, and its potential roles in cancer cells. Given the widespread interest in IGF inhibition in cancer therapeutics, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the actions of the IGF ligands, receptors and binding proteins, including IGFBP-6, will enhance our ability to develop optimal treatments that can be targeted to the most appropriate patients.
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O’Kusky J, Ye P. Neurodevelopmental effects of insulin-like growth factor signaling. Front Neuroendocrinol 2012; 33:230-51. [PMID: 22710100 PMCID: PMC3677055 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2012] [Revised: 05/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling greatly impacts the development and growth of the central nervous system (CNS). IGF-I and IGF-II, two ligands of the IGF system, exert a wide variety of actions both during development and in adulthood, promoting the survival and proliferation of neural cells. The IGFs also influence the growth and maturation of neural cells, augmenting dendritic growth and spine formation, axon outgrowth, synaptogenesis, and myelination. Specific IGF actions, however, likely depend on cell type, developmental stage, and local microenvironmental milieu within the brain. Emerging research also indicates that alterations in IGF signaling likely contribute to the pathogenesis of some neurological disorders. This review summarizes experimental studies and shed light on the critical roles of IGF signaling, as well as its mechanisms, during CNS development.
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Affiliation(s)
- John O’Kusky
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V5Z 1M9
| | - Ping Ye
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, United States
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Gene expression profiling of neural stem cells and their neuronal progeny reveals IGF2 as a regulator of adult hippocampal neurogenesis. J Neurosci 2012; 32:3376-87. [PMID: 22399759 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.4248-11.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) generate neurons throughout life in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). How gene expression signatures differ among NSCs and immature neurons remains largely unknown. We isolated NSCs and their progeny in the adult DG using transgenic mice expressing a GFP reporter under the control of the Sox2 promoter (labeling NSCs) and transgenic mice expressing a DsRed reporter under the control of the doublecortin (DCX) promoter (labeling immature neurons). Transcriptome analyses revealed distinct gene expression profiles between NSCs and immature neurons. Among the genes that were expressed at significantly higher levels in DG NSCs than in immature neurons was the growth factor insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2). We show that IGF2 selectively controls proliferation of DG NSCs in vitro and in vivo through AKT-dependent signaling. Thus, by gene expression profiling of NSCs and their progeny, we have identified IGF2 as a novel regulator of adult neurogenesis.
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The effects of maternal diabetes on expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 and insulin receptors in male developing rat hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2012; 218:73-84. [PMID: 22241286 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-011-0377-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes during pregnancy causes neurodevelopmental and neurocognitive abnormalities in offspring. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) are important regulators of developmental and cognitive functions in the central nervous system. We examined the effects of maternal diabetes on insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (InsR) expression in the developing rat hippocampus. Female rats were maintained diabetic from a week before pregnancy through parturition and male offspring was killed at P0, P7, and P14. We found a significant bilateral upregulation of both IGF-1R and InsR transcripts in the hippocampus of pups born to diabetic mothers at P0, as compared to controls. However, at the same time point, the results of western blot analysis revealed only a slight change in their protein levels. At P7, there was a marked bilateral reduction in mRNA expression and protein levels of IGF-1R, although not of InsR in the diabetic group. We also found a downregulation in IGF1-R transcripts, especially in left hippocampus of the diabetic group at P14. Moreover, at the same time point, InsR expression was significantly decreased in both hippocampi of diabetic newborns. When compared with controls, we did not find any difference in hippocampal IGF-1R or InsR mRNA and protein levels in the insulin-treated group. The present study revealed that diabetes during pregnancy strongly influences the regulation of both IGF-1R and InsR in the right/left developing hippocampi. Furthermore, the rigid control of maternal glycaemia by insulin administration normalized these effects.
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Hami J, Sadr-Nabavi A, Sankian M, Haghir H. Sex differences and left-right asymmetries in expression of insulin and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors in developing rat hippocampus. Brain Struct Funct 2011; 217:293-302. [PMID: 22042446 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-011-0358-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/19/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences and laterality of rat hippocampus with respect to insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and insulin receptor (InsR) expression as two important contributors to/regulators of developmental and cognitive functions were examined using real-time PCR and western blot analysis at P0, P7 and P14. Expression of the IGF-1R gene was lowest at P0 in all studied hippocampi. In males, we found the highest expression at P7 in the right hippocampus, and at P14 in the left one. In contrast, the peaked IGF-1R expression occurred at P7 in female hippocampi independent of laterality. Hippocampal InsR expression in males decreased significantly between P0 and P7, followed by a marked upregulation at P14. Conversely, the expression of InsR in females peaked at P7 and then decreased again significantly at P14. We found significant interhemispheric differences in IGF-1R mRNA levels in both male and female hippocampi at different time points. In contrast, we only found significant interhemispheric differences in InsR mRNA expression in P14 male rats, with higher values in the left hippocampus. Interestingly, changes in mRNA expression and in protein levels followed the same developmental pattern, indicating that IGF-1R and InsR transcription is not subject to modulatory effects during the first two weeks of development. These findings indicate that there are prominent interhemispheric and sex differences in IGF-1R and InsR expression in the developing rat hippocampus, suggesting a probable mechanism for the control of gender and laterality differences in development and function of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Hami
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Azadi square, Mashhad, Iran
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Nowak K, Mix E, Gimsa J, Strauss U, Sriperumbudur KK, Benecke R, Gimsa U. Optimizing a rodent model of Parkinson's disease for exploring the effects and mechanisms of deep brain stimulation. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2011; 2011:414682. [PMID: 21603182 PMCID: PMC3096058 DOI: 10.4061/2011/414682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has become a treatment for a growing number of neurological and psychiatric disorders, especially for therapy-refractory Parkinson's disease (PD). However, not all of the symptoms of PD are sufficiently improved in all patients, and side effects may occur. Further progress depends on a deeper insight into the mechanisms of action of DBS in the context of disturbed brain circuits. For this, optimized animal models have to be developed. We review not only charge transfer mechanisms at the electrode/tissue interface and strategies to increase the stimulation's energy-efficiency but also the electrochemical, electrophysiological, biochemical and functional effects of DBS. We introduce a hemi-Parkinsonian rat model for long-term experiments with chronically instrumented rats carrying a backpack stimulator and implanted platinum/iridium electrodes. This model is suitable for (1) elucidating the electrochemical processes at the electrode/tissue interface, (2) analyzing the molecular, cellular and behavioral stimulation effects, (3) testing new target regions for DBS, (4) screening for potential neuroprotective DBS effects, and (5) improving the efficacy and safety of the method. An outlook is given on further developments of experimental DBS, including the use of transgenic animals and the testing of closed-loop systems for the direct on-demand application of electric stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Nowak
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, Gehlsheimer Straße 20, 18147 Rostock, Germany
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29
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Schober ME, Block B, Beachy JC, Statler KD, Giza CC, Lane RH. Early and sustained increase in the expression of hippocampal IGF-1, but not EPO, in a developmental rodent model of traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 2011; 27:2011-20. [PMID: 20822461 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2009.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) is the leading cause of traumatic death and disability in children in the United States. Impaired learning and memory in these young survivors imposes a heavy toll on society. In adult TBI (aTBI) models, cognitive outcome improved after administration of erythropoietin (EPO) or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). Little is known about the production of these agents in the hippocampus, a brain region critical for learning and memory, after pTBI. Our objective was to describe hippocampal expression of EPO and IGF-1, together with their receptors (EPOR and IGF-1R, respectively), over time after pTBI in 17-day-old rats. We used the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model and measured hippocampal mRNA levels of EPO, IGF-1, EPOR, IGF-1R, and markers of caspase-dependent apoptosis (bcl2, bax, and p53) at post-injury days (PID) 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14. CCI rats performed poorly on Morris water maze testing of spatial working memory, a hippocampally-based cognitive function. Apoptotic markers were present early and persisted for the duration of the study. EPO in our pTBI model increased much later (PID7) than in aTBI models (12 h), while EPOR and IGF-1 increased at PID1 and PID2, respectively, similar to data from aTBI models. Our data indicate that EPO expression showed a delayed upregulation post-pTBI, while EPOR increased early. We speculate that administration of EPO in the first 1-2 days after pTBI would increase hippocampal neuronal survival and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle E Schober
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84158, USA.
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Schober ME, Block B, Beachy JC, Statler KD, Giza CC, Lane RH. Early and Sustained Increase in the Expression of Hippocampal IGF-1, But Not EPO, in a Developmental Rodent Model of Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2010. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2010.1226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Liu W, Ye P, O'Kusky JR, D'Ercole AJ. Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor signaling is essential for the development of the hippocampal formation and dentate gyrus. J Neurosci Res 2010; 87:2821-32. [PMID: 19437543 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor (IGF1R) signaling in neuronal development was studied in mutant mice with blunted igf1r gene expression in nestin-expressing neuronal precursors. At birth [postnatal (P) day 0] brain weights were reduced to 37% and 56% of controls in mice homozygous (nes-igf1r(-/-)) and heterozygous (nes-igf1r(-/Wt)) for the null mutation, respectively, and this brain growth retardation persisted postnatally. Stereological analysis demonstrated that the volumes of the hippocampal formation, CA fields 1-3, dentate gyrus (DG), and DG granule cell layer (GCL) were decreased by 44-54% at P0 and further by 65-69% at P90 in nes-igf1r(-/Wt) mice. In nes-igf1r(-/-) mice, volumes were 29-31% of controls at P0 and, in the two mice that survived to P90, 6-19% of controls, although the hilus could not be identified. Neuron density did not differ among the mice at any age studied; therefore, decreased volumes were due to reduced cell number. In postnatal nes-igf1r(-/Wt) mice, the percentage of apoptotic cells, as judged by activated caspase-3 immunostaining, was increased by 3.5-5.3-fold. The total number of proliferating DG progenitors (labeled by BrdU incorporation and Ki67 staining) was reduced by approximately 50%, but the percentage of these cells was similar to the percentages in littermate controls. These findings suggest that 1) the postnatal reduction in DG size is due predominantly to cell death, pointing to the importance of the IGF1R in regulating postnatal apoptosis, 2) surviving DG progenitors remain capable of proliferation despite reduced IGF1R expression, and 3) IGF1R signaling is necessary for normal embryonic brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Endocrinology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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32
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Aleman A, Torres-Alemán I. Circulating insulin-like growth factor I and cognitive function: neuromodulation throughout the lifespan. Prog Neurobiol 2009; 89:256-65. [PMID: 19665513 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2009.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2009] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/31/2009] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) is central to the somatotropic (growth hormone) axis. It promotes tissue growth and continues to have anabolic effects in adulthood. Accumulating evidence from the last decade, however, reveals that circulating levels of IGF-I also significantly affects cognitive brain function. Specifically, the decline of serum IGF-I might be associated with the age-related cognitive decline in elderly people. Moreover, psychiatric and neurological conditions characterized by cognitive impairment may be characterized by altered levels of IGF-I. Some evidence is emerging that interventions that target the GH/IGF-I axis may improve cognitive functioning, at least in deficient states. As there is evidence linking high serum IGF-I levels with cancer risk, these interventions should be carefully evaluated. On a cellular and molecular level, IGF-I may be a crucial component of neural homeostasis since disturbed IGF-I input is inevitably linked to perturbed function. Consistent with this, all nerve cells are potential targets of IGF-I actions, including neurons, glia, endothelial, epithelial, and perivascular cells. Indeed, many key cellular processes in the brain are affected by IGF-I's neurotrophic and modulatory actions. We review the regulation by IGF-I of neurotransmission and neuronal plasticity and conclude that serum IGF-I is an important mediator of neuronal growth, survival and function throughout the lifespan. The role of IGF-I in synaptic plasticity render its neurotrophic potential a key target for remediating the cognitive impairment associated with a range of neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Aleman
- Department of Neuroscience, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Boucherie C, Hermans E. Adult stem cell therapies for neurological disorders: benefits beyond neuronal replacement? J Neurosci Res 2009; 87:1509-21. [PMID: 19115417 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.21970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The modest capacity of endogenous repair processes in the central nervous system (CNS) justifies the broad interest in the development of effective stem cell based therapies for neurodegenerative disorders and other acute or chronic lesions. Motivated by the ambitious expectation to achieve functional neuronal replacement, several studies have already evidenced a potential benefit of stem cell grafts in animal models of human disorders. Nevertheless, growing evidence suggests that the effects orchestrated by stem cells, in most experimental cases, are not necessarily associated with the generation of new neurons. This hypothesis correlates with the versatile properties of adult and embryonic stem cells. When introduced into the lesioned CNS, nondifferentiated stem cells can have a positive influence through intrinsic neuroprotective capacities related to the production of neurotrophic factors, stimulation of endogenous neurogenesis, and modulation of neuroinflammation. Stem cells are also endowed with a multipotent differentiation profile, suggesting that a positive outcome could result from the replacement of nonneuronal cell types, in particular astrocytes and oligodendrocytes. Focusing on adult stem cells, this Review aims at summarizing experimental observations supporting the concept that, in cell-based therapies, stem cells operate not through a unidirectional mechanism (e.g., generating neurons) but rather as cellular mediators of a multitude of biological activities that could provide a favorable outcome for diverse nervous disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cédric Boucherie
- Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology, Institute of Neurosciences (INES), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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Kimura T, Nguyen PTH, Ho SA, Tran AH, Ono T, Nishijo H. T-817MA, a neurotrophic agent, ameliorates the deficits in adult neurogenesis and spatial memory in rats infused i.c.v. with amyloid-beta peptide. Br J Pharmacol 2009; 157:451-63. [PMID: 19371351 PMCID: PMC2707991 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00141.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/23/2008] [Accepted: 12/05/2008] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in the subgranular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Deficient neurogenesis may be responsible for deficient hippocampal functions in neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). T-817MA [1-{3-[2-(1-Benzothiophen-5-yl)ethoxy] propyl}-3-azetidinol maleate] is a newly synthesized agent for AD treatment with neuroprotective effects against toxicity from amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) and actions promoting neurite outgrowth in vitro. Furthermore, systemic administration of T-817MA ameliorated cognitive dysfunctions caused by neurodegeneration in a rat model of AD, induced by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) infusion of Abeta. The present study investigated quantitative relationships between spatial memory performance in Abeta-infused rats and hippocampal neurogenesis, and the effects of T-817MA on neuronal proliferation in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Seven weeks after infusion of Abeta (peptide 1-40; 300 pmol.day(-1); i.c.v.), rats were tested in a place learning task in which they were required to alternately visit two reward places in an open field to obtain intracranial self-stimulation as rewards. KEY RESULTS Rats given Abeta infusions for 10 weeks displayed spatial memory impairments and a decrease in neurogenesis compared with those infused with vehicle. Treatment of the Abeta-infused rats with T-817MA (8.4 mg.kg(-1).day(-1), p.o.) significantly increased hippocampal neurogenesis and ameliorated spatial learning impairments. Furthermore, spatial learning in the task was significantly correlated with neurogenesis. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that defective hippocampal neurogenesis is a new target for AD treatment. The neurotrophic compound T-817MA increased hippocampal neurogenesis in an AD model and might be useful for treatment of AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Kimura
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
| | - Phuong Thi Hong Nguyen
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
| | - Son Anh Ho
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
| | - Anh Hai Tran
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
- Department of Physiology, Military Medical UniversityHa Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
- CREST, JSTTokyo, Japan
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Non-cell-autonomous effects of presenilin 1 variants on enrichment-mediated hippocampal progenitor cell proliferation and differentiation. Neuron 2008; 59:568-80. [PMID: 18760694 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2007] [Revised: 05/30/2008] [Accepted: 07/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Presenilin 1 (PS1) regulates environmental enrichment (EE)-mediated neural progenitor cell (NPC) proliferation and neurogenesis in the adult hippocampus. We now report that transgenic mice that ubiquitously express human PS1 variants linked to early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) neither exhibit EE-induced proliferation, nor neuronal lineage commitment of NPCs. Remarkably, the proliferation and differentiation of cultured NPCs from standard-housed mice expressing wild-type PS1 or PS1 variants are indistinguishable. On the other hand, wild-type NPCs cocultured with primary microglia from mice expressing PS1 variants exhibit impaired proliferation and neuronal lineage commitment, phenotypes that are recapitulated with mutant microglia conditioned media in which we detect altered levels of selected soluble signaling factors. These findings lead us to conclude that factors secreted from microglia play a central role in modulating hippocampal neurogenesis, and argue for non-cell-autonomous mechanisms that govern FAD-linked PS1-mediated impairments in adult hippocampal neurogenesis.
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Gurok U, Loebbert RW, Meyer AH, Mueller R, Schoemaker H, Gross G, Behl B. Laser capture microdissection and microarray analysis of dividing neural progenitor cells from the adult rat hippocampus. Eur J Neurosci 2007; 26:1079-90. [PMID: 17767487 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2007.05734.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural progenitor cells reside in the hippocampus of adult rodents and humans and generate granule neurons throughout life. Knowledge about the molecular processes regulating these neurogenic cells is fragmentary. In order to identify genes with a role in the proliferation of adult neural progenitor cells, a protocol was elaborated to enable the staining and isolation of such cells under RNA-preserving conditions with a combination of immunohistochemistry and laser capture microdissection. We increased proliferation of neural progenitor cells by electroconvulsive treatment, one of the most effective antidepressant treatments, and isolated Ki-67-positive cells using this new protocol. RNA amplification via in vitro transcription and subsequent microarray analysis revealed over 100 genes that were differentially expressed in neural progenitor cells due to electroconvulsive treatment compared to untreated control animals. Some of these genes have already been implicated in the functioning of neural progenitor cells or have been induced by electroconvulsive treatment; these include brain-derived neurotrophic factor (Bdnf), PDZ-binding kinase (Pbk) and abnormal spindle-like microcephaly-associated (Aspm). In addition, genes were identified for which no role in the proliferation of neurogenic progenitors has been described so far, such as enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (Ezh2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf Gurok
- Neuroscience Discovery Research, Abbott, Knollstrasse, 67061 Ludwigshafen, Germany.
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