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Liu X, Huang S, Zheng J, Wan C, Hu T, Cai Y, Wang Q, Zhang S. Melatonin attenuates scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction through SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14891. [PMID: 39056330 PMCID: PMC11273216 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of dementia around the world is increasing, and these patients are more likely to have cognitive impairments, mood and anxiety disorders (depression, anxiety, and panic disorder), and attention deficit disorders over their lifetime. Previous studies have proven that melatonin could improve memory loss, but its specific mechanism is still confused. METHODS In this study, we used in vivo and in vitro models to examine the neuroprotective effect of melatonin on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced cognitive dysfunction. The behavioral tests were performed. 18F-FDG PET imaging was used to assess the metabolism of the brain. Protein expressions were determined through kit detection, Western blot, and immunofluorescence. Nissl staining was conducted to reflect neurodegeneration. MTT assay and RNAi transfection were applied to perform the in vitro experiments. RESULTS We found that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction and relieve anxious-like behaviors or HT22 cell damage. 18F-FDG PET-CT results showed that melatonin could improve cerebral glucose uptake in SCOP-treated mice. Melatonin restored the cholinergic function, increased the expressions of neurotrophic factors, and ameliorated oxidative stress in the brain of SCOP-treated mice. In addition, melatonin upregulated the expression of silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1), which further relieved endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by decreasing the expression of phosphorylate inositol-requiring enzyme (p-IRE1α) and its downstream, X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that melatonin could ameliorate SCOP-induced cognitive dysfunction through the SIRT1/IRE1α/XBP1 pathway. SIRT1 might be the critical target of melatonin in the treatment of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Shun Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Tenth Affiliated HospitalSouthern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital)DongguanChina
- Nanfang PET Center, Nanfang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jia‐Yi Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Can Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Tian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Ye‐Feng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
| | - Qi Wang
- Science and Technology Innovation CenterGuangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
| | - Shi‐Jie Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine SyndromeThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Department of NeurologyGuangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese MedicineGuangzhouChina
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research on Emergency in TCM GuangzhouGuangzhouChina
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2
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Cartas-Cejudo P, Lachén-Montes M, Ferrer I, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Santamaría E. Sex-divergent effects on the NAD+-dependent deacetylase sirtuin signaling across the olfactory-entorhinal-amygdaloid axis in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:5. [PMID: 36755296 PMCID: PMC9906849 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00487-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smell impairment is one of the earliest features in Alzheimer's (AD) and Parkinson's diseases (PD). Due to sex differences exist in terms of smell and olfactory structures as well as in the prevalence and manifestation of both neurological syndromes, we have applied olfactory proteomics to favor the discovery of novel sex-biased physio-pathological mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets associated with olfactory dysfunction. METHODS SWATH-MS (sequential window acquisition of all theoretical fragment ion spectra mass spectrometry) and bioinformatic workflows were applied in 57 post-mortem olfactory tracts (OT) derived from controls with no known neurological history (n = 6F/11M), AD (n = 4F/13M) and PD (n = 7F/16M) subjects. Complementary molecular analyses by Western-blotting were performed in the olfactory bulb (OB), entorhinal cortex (EC) and amygdala areas. RESULTS 327 and 151 OT differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were observed in AD women and AD men, respectively (35 DEPs in common). With respect to PD, 198 DEPs were identified in PD women, whereas 95 DEPs were detected in PD men (20 DEPs in common). This proteome dyshomeostasis induced a disruption in OT protein interaction networks and widespread sex-dependent pathway perturbations in a disease-specific manner, among them Sirtuin (SIRT) signaling. SIRT1, SIRT2, SIRT3 and SIRT5 protein levels unveiled a tangled expression profile across the olfactory-entorhinal-amygdaloid axis, evidencing disease-, sex- and brain structure-dependent changes in olfactory protein acetylation. CONCLUSIONS Alteration in the OT proteostasis was more severe in AD than in PD. Moreover, protein expression changes were more abundant in women than men independent of the neurological syndrome. Mechanistically, the tangled SIRT profile observed across the olfactory pathway-associated brain regions in AD and PD indicates differential NAD (+)-dependent deacetylase mechanisms between women and men. All these data shed new light on differential olfactory mechanisms across AD and PD, pointing out that the evaluation of the feasibility of emerging sirtuin-based therapies against neurodegenerative diseases should be considered with caution, including further sex dimension analyses in vivo and in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paz Cartas-Cejudo
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Lachén-Montes
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Isidro Ferrer
- grid.5841.80000 0004 1937 0247Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, CIBERNED (Network Centre of Biomedical Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases), Bellvitge University Hospital/Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Institute of Health Carlos III, University of Barcelona, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- grid.410476.00000 0001 2174 6440Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaría
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Navarrabiomed, Hospitalario Universitario de Navarra (HUN), IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), Irunlarrea 3, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
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3
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Ohene-Nyako M, Nass SR, Richard HT, Lukande R, Nicol MR, McRae M, Knapp PE, Hauser KF. Casein Kinase 2 Mediates HIV- and Opioid-Induced Pathologic Phosphorylation of TAR DNA Binding Protein 43 in the Basal Ganglia. ASN Neuro 2023; 15:17590914231158218. [PMID: 36890725 PMCID: PMC9998424 DOI: 10.1177/17590914231158218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY STATEMENT HIV/HIV-1 Tat and morphine independently increase pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 in the striatum. HIV- and opioid-induced pathologic phosphorylation of TAR DNA binding protein 43 may involve enhanced CK2 activity and protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Ohene-Nyako
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sara R Nass
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Hope T Richard
- Pathology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Robert Lukande
- Pathology, College of Health Sciences, 58589Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Melanie R Nicol
- Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, 15515University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - MaryPeace McRae
- Pharmacotherapy and Outcomes Science, School of Pharmacy, 15535Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Pamela E Knapp
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kurt F Hauser
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Anatomy and Neurobiology, School of Medicine, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.,Institute for Drug and Alcohol Studies, 6886Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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Zhao P, Malik S. The phosphorylation to acetylation/methylation cascade in transcriptional regulation: how kinases regulate transcriptional activities of DNA/histone-modifying enzymes. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:83. [PMID: 35659740 PMCID: PMC9164400 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00821-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Transcription factors directly regulate gene expression by recognizing and binding to specific DNA sequences, involving the dynamic alterations of chromatin structure and the formation of a complex with different kinds of cofactors, like DNA/histone modifying-enzymes, chromatin remodeling factors, and cell cycle factors. Despite the significance of transcription factors, it remains unclear to determine how these cofactors are regulated to cooperate with transcription factors, especially DNA/histone modifying-enzymes. It has been known that DNA/histone modifying-enzymes are regulated by post-translational modifications. And the most common and important modification is phosphorylation. Even though various DNA/histone modifying-enzymes have been classified and partly explained how phosphorylated sites of these enzymes function characteristically in recent studies. It still needs to find out the relationship between phosphorylation of these enzymes and the diseases-associated transcriptional regulation. Here this review describes how phosphorylation affects the transcription activity of these enzymes and other functions, including protein stability, subcellular localization, binding to chromatin, and interaction with other proteins.
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Phosphodiesterase (PDE) III inhibitor, Cilostazol, improved memory impairment in aluminum chloride-treated rats: modulation of cAMP/CREB pathway. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:2477-2488. [PMID: 35727381 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-022-01010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The most prevalent type of dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is currently incurable. Existing treatments for Alzheimer's disease, such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, are only effective for symptom relief. Disease-modifying medications for Alzheimer's disease are desperately required, given the enormous burdens that the disease places on individuals and communities. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors are gaining a lot of attention in the research community because of their potential in treating age-related cognitive decline. Cilostazol is a selective PDE III inhibitor used as antiplatelet agent through cAMP response element-binding (CREB) protein phosphorylation pathway (cAMP/CREB). The neuroprotective effect of cilostazol in AD-like cognitive decline in rats was investigated in this study. After 2 months of intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg aluminum chloride, Morris water maze and Y-maze (behavioral tests) were performed. After that, histological and biochemical examinations of the hippocampal region were carried out. Aluminum chloride-treated rats showed histological, biochemical, and behavioral changes similar to Alzheimer's disease. Cilostazol improved rats' behavioral and histological conditions, raised neprilysin level while reduced levels of amyloid-beta protein and phosphorylated tau protein. It also decreased the hippocampal levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor-kappa B, FAS ligand, acetylcholinesterase content, and malondialdehyde. These outcomes demonstrate the protective activity of cilostazol versus aluminum-induced memory impairment.
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Gomaa AA, Farghaly HS, Ahmed AM, El-Mokhtar MA, Hemida FK. Advancing combination treatment with cilostazol and caffeine for Alzheimer's disease in high fat-high fructose-STZ induced model of amnesia. Eur J Pharmacol 2022; 921:174873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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7
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Saygisever K, Faikoglu G, Celik H, Ugur SA, Gokhan Akk A, Kelicen-Ug P, Ozyazgan S. Effect of Three PDEIs on Neuroprotective and Autophagy Proteins in vitro AD Model. INT J PHARMACOL 2021. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2021.169.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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Wei C, Sun Y, Wang J, Lin D, Cui V, Shi H, Wu A. LncRNA NONMMUT055714 acts as the sponge of microRNA-7684-5p to protect against postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:12552-12564. [PMID: 33902009 PMCID: PMC8148455 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is a neurological complication of surgery especially common in elderly patients. In this study, we investigated the role of NONMMUT055714 in POCD via regulation of miR-7684-5p. In a POCD mouse model, we induced overexpression of NONMUTT055714 via transfection of lentivrus into the hippocampus, and used the Morris water maze for assessment of cognitive function. Silencing of NONMUTT055714 and miR-7684-5p was induced in primary hippocampal neurons to observe the effects of these regulatory RNAs on cellular processes. Bioinformatics analysis and a double luciferase reporter experiment were performed to further explore the relationship between NONMMUT055714, miR-7684-5p, and SORLA. Cell and animal rescue experiments were performed to verify the ability of miR-7684-5p to reverse the protective effects of NONMMUT055714 overexpression in POCD. We observed that NONMMUT055714 has decreased expression in the POCD mouse model. Overexpression of NONMMUT055714 protected against cognitive impairment of the POCD mouse model in vivo. We identified miR-7684-5p as a NONMMUT055714-related miRNA and in turn as an upstream regulator of SORLA. We found that NONMMUT055714 downregulation is associated with decreased SORLA, increased Aβ and p-tau expression, increased inflammatory biomarkers, increased markers of oxidative stress, and increased neuronal apoptosis in vitro. The effects of NONMMUT055714 downregulation were reversed by silencing miR-7684-5p in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, our findings suggest that NONMMUT055714 is protective against the development of POCD via its function as a ceRNA (or miRNA sponge) in the regulation of miR-7684-5p and SORLA. We therefore propose NONMMUT055714 as a novel target for the investigation and prevention of POCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwei Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Lin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Victoria Cui
- Department of General Surgery, MedStar Georgetown University Hospital, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anshi Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Yeong KY, Berdigaliyev N, Chang Y. Sirtuins and Their Implications in Neurodegenerative Diseases from a Drug Discovery Perspective. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:4073-4091. [PMID: 33280374 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sirtuins are class III histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes that target both histone and non-histone substrates. They are linked to different brain functions and the regulation of different isoforms of these enzymes is touted to be an emerging therapy for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs), including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The level of sirtuins affects brain health as many sirtuin-regulated pathways are responsible for the progression of NDs. Certain sirtuins are also implicated in aging, which is a risk factor for many NDs. In addition to SIRT1-3, it has been suggested that the less studied sirtuins (SIRT4-7) also play critical roles in brain health. This review delineates the role of each sirtuin isoform in NDs from a disease centric perspective and provides an up-to-date overview of sirtuin modulators and their potential use as therapeutics in these diseases. Furthermore, the future perspectives for sirtuin modulator development and their therapeutic application in neurodegeneration are outlined in detail, hence providing a research direction for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keng Yoon Yeong
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurken Berdigaliyev
- School of Science, Monash University Malaysia Campus, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500 Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yuin Chang
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, Tunku Abdul Rahman University College (TARUC), Jalan Genting Kelang, 53300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Jiang S, Bhaskar K. Degradation and Transmission of Tau by Autophagic-Endolysosomal Networks and Potential Therapeutic Targets for Tauopathy. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:586731. [PMID: 33177989 PMCID: PMC7596180 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.586731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD), Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), and many others where microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT or tau) is hyperphosphorylated and aggregated to form insoluble paired helical filaments (PHFs) and ultimately neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). Autophagic-endolysosomal networks (AELN) play important roles in tau clearance. Excessive soluble neurotoxic forms of tau and tau hyperphosphorylated at specific sites are cleared through the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), Chaperon-mediated Autophagy (CMA), and endosomal microautophagy (e-MI). On the other hand, intra-neuronal insoluble tau aggregates are often degraded within lysosomes by macroautophagy. AELN defects have been observed in AD, FTD, CBD, and PSP, and lysosomal dysfunction was shown to promote the cleavage and neurotoxicity of tau. Moreover, several AD risk genes (e.g., PICALM, GRN, and BIN1) have been associated with dysregulation of AELN in the late-onset sporadic AD. Conversely, tau dissociation from microtubules interferes with retrograde transport of autophagosomes to lysosomes, and that tau fragments can also lead to lysosomal dysfunction. Recent studies suggest that tau is not merely an intra-neuronal protein, but it can be released to brain parenchyma via extracellular vesicles, like exosomes and ectosomes, and thus spread between neurons. Extracellular tau can also be taken up by microglial cells and astrocytes, either being degraded through AELN or propagated via exosomes. This article reviews the complex roles of AELN in the degradation and transmission of tau, potential diagnostic/therapeutic targets and strategies based on AELN-mediated tau clearance and propagation, and the current state of drug development targeting AELN and tau against tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanya Jiang
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Kiran Bhaskar
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
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Heo HJ, Park SY, Lee YS, Shin HK, Hong KW, Kim CD. Combination therapy with cilostazol, aripiprazole, and donepezil protects neuronal cells from β-amyloid neurotoxicity through synergistically enhanced SIRT1 expression. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2020; 24:299-310. [PMID: 32587124 PMCID: PMC7317180 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2020.24.4.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multi-faceted neurodegenerative disease. Thus, current therapeutic strategies require multitarget-drug combinations to treat or prevent the disease. At the present time, single drugs have proven to be inadequate in terms of addressing the multifactorial pathology of AD, and multitarget-directed drug design has not been successful. Based on these points of views, it is judged that combinatorial drug therapies that target several pathogenic factors may offer more attractive therapeutic options. Thus, we explored that the combination therapy with lower doses of cilostazol and aripiprazole with add-on donepezil (CAD) might have potential in the pathogenesis of AD. In the present study, we found the superior efficacies of donepezil add-on with combinatorial mixture of cilostazol plus aripiprazole in modulation of expression of AD-relevant genes: Aβ accumulation, GSK-3β, P300, acetylated tau, phosphorylated-tau levels, and activation of α-secretase/ADAM 10 through SIRT1 activation in the N2a Swe cells expressing human APP Swedish mutation (N2a Swe cells). We also assessed that CAD synergistically raised acetylcholine release and choline acetyltransferase (CHAT) expression that were declined by increased β-amyloid level in the activated N2a Swe cells. Consequently, CAD treatment synergistically increased neurite elongation and improved cell viability through activations of PI3K, BDNF, β-catenin and a7-nicotinic cholinergic receptors in neuronal cells in the presence of Aβ1-42. This work endorses the possibility for efficient treatment of AD by supporting the synergistic therapeutic potential of donepezil add-on therapy in combination with lower doses of cilostazol and aripiprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Yi Sle Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Department of Korean Medical Science, Pusan National University School of Korean Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Yangsan 50612, Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan 50612, Korea
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12
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Protein Kinase C Isozymes and Autophagy during Neurodegenerative Disease Progression. Cells 2020; 9:cells9030553. [PMID: 32120776 PMCID: PMC7140419 DOI: 10.3390/cells9030553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 01/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC) isozymes are members of the Serine/Threonine kinase family regulating cellular events following activation of membrane bound phospholipids. The breakdown of the downstream signaling pathways of PKC relates to several disease pathogeneses particularly neurodegeneration. PKC isozymes play a critical role in cell death and survival mechanisms, as well as autophagy. Numerous studies have reported that neurodegenerative disease formation is caused by failure of the autophagy mechanism. This review outlines PKC signaling in autophagy and neurodegenerative disease development and introduces some polyphenols as effectors of PKC isozymes for disease therapy.
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Çelik H, Karahan H, Kelicen-Uğur P. Effect of atorvastatin on Aβ 1-42 -induced alteration of SESN2, SIRT1, LC3II and TPP1 protein expressions in neuronal cell cultures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 72:424-436. [PMID: 31846093 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sestrins (SESNs) and sirtuins (SIRTs) are antioxidant and antiapoptotic genes and crucial mediators for lysosomal autophagy regulation that play a pivotal role in the Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recently, statins have been linked to the reduced prevalence of AD in statin-prescribed populations yet molecular basis for the neuroprotective action of statins is still under debate. METHODS This study was undertaken whether Aβ-induced changes of SESN2 and SIRT1 protein expression, autophagy marker LC3II and lysosomal enzyme TPP1 affected by atorvastatin (Western blot) and its possible role in Aβ neurotoxicity (ELISA). KEY FINDINGS/RESULTS We showed that SESN2 and LC3II expressions were elevated, whereas SIRT1 and TPP1 expressions were decreased in the Aβ1-42 -exposed human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y). Co-administration of atorvastatin with Aβ1-42 compensates SESN2 increase and recovers SIRT1 decline by reducing oxidative stress, decreasing SESN2 expression and increasing SIRT1 expression by its neuroprotective action. Atorvastatin induced LC3II but not TPP1 level in the Aβ1-42 -exposed cells suggested that atorvastatin is effective in the formation of autophagosome but not on the expression of the specific lysosomal enzyme TPP1. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Together, these results indicate that atorvastatin induced SESN2, SIRT1 and LC3II levels play a protective role against Aβ1-42 neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hande Çelik
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Acıbadem Molecular Pathology Laboratory, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Hande Karahan
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pelin Kelicen-Uğur
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Song SB, Park JS, Chung GJ, Lee IH, Hwang ES. Diverse therapeutic efficacies and more diverse mechanisms of nicotinamide. Metabolomics 2019; 15:137. [PMID: 31587111 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-019-1604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nicotinamide (NAM) is a form of vitamin B3 that, when administered at near-gram doses, has been shown or suggested to be therapeutically effective against many diseases and conditions. The target conditions are incredibly diverse ranging from skin disorders such as bullous pemphigoid to schizophrenia and depression and even AIDS. Similar diversity is expected for the underlying mechanisms. In a large portion of the conditions, NAM conversion to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) may be a major factor in its efficacy. The augmentation of cellular NAD+ level not only modulates mitochondrial production of ATP and superoxide, but also activates many enzymes. Activated sirtuin proteins, a family of NAD+-dependent deacetylases, play important roles in many of NAM's effects such as an increase in mitochondrial quality and cell viability countering neuronal damages and metabolic diseases. Meanwhile, certain observed effects are mediated by NAM itself. However, our understanding on the mechanisms of NAM's effects is limited to those involving certain key proteins and may even be inaccurate in some proposed cases. AIM OF REVIEW This review details the conditions that NAM has been shown to or is expected to effectively treat in humans and animals and evaluates the proposed underlying molecular mechanisms, with the intention of promoting wider, safe therapeutic application of NAM. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW NAM, by itself or through altering metabolic balance of NAD+ and tryptophan, modulates mitochondrial function and activities of many molecules and thereby positively affects cell viability and metabolic functions. And, NAM administration appears to be quite safe with limited possibility of side effects which are related to NAM's metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon Beom Song
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sung Park
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Gu June Chung
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hye Lee
- Department of Life Science, Ewha Womans University, Ewhayeodae-gil 52, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Seong Hwang
- Department of Life Science, University of Seoul, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoulsiripdae-ro 163, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Lee YS, Park SY, Heo HJ, Lee WS, Hong KW, Kim CD. Multitarget-directed cotreatment with cilostazol and aripiprazole for augmented neuroprotection against oxidative stress-induced toxicity in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 857:172454. [PMID: 31202803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cerebrovascular dysfunction is crucially associated with cognitive impairment and a high prevalence of psychotic symptoms in the vascular dementia characterized by oxidative stress and multifactorial neurodegeneration. In this study, the significant decrease in BDNF expression in HT22 cells due to H2O2 (0.25 mM) was little affected by either aripiprazole (1 μM) or cilostazol (1 μM) alone, but significantly increased by cotreatment with both drugs. Even in the presence of H2O2, P-CK2α (Tyr 255), nuclear P-CREB (Ser 133), and nuclear P-β-catenin (Ser 675) levels were significantly increased in a synergistic manner by aripiprazole plus cilostazol cotreatment. Aripiprazole and cilostazol cotreatment synergistically increased P-GSK-3β (Ser 9) level. Nrf2/HO-1 expression was significantly elevated time- and concentration-dependently by either aripiprazole or cilostazol. In line with these, concurrent treatment with aripiprazole (1 μM) plus cilostazol (1 μM) significantly increased Nrf2 and HO-1 expression in a synergistic manner, accompanying with increased ARE luciferase activity, while each drug monotherapy showed little effects. Consequently, this cotreatment synergistically ameliorated the attenuated neurite outgrowth induced by H2O2 in the HT22 cells, and these were inhibited by K252A (inhibitor of BDNF receptor), TBCA (CK2 inhibitor), imatinib (β-catenin inhibitor) and ZnPP (inhibitor of HO-1), indicating that BDNF, P-CK2α, β-catenin and HO-1 activation are implicated in the enhanced neurite outgrowth. This study highlights that cotreatment with low concentrations of aripiprazole and cilostazol synergistically elicits neuroprotective effects by overcoming oxidative stress-evoked neurotoxicity associated with increased neurite outgrowth, providing a rationale for the use of this combinatorial treatment in vascular dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Sle Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Heo
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea; Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Ono K, Tsuji M. Pharmacological Potential of Cilostazol for Alzheimer's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:559. [PMID: 31191308 PMCID: PMC6540873 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a slow progressive form of dementia, is clinically characterized by cognitive dysfunction and memory impairment and neuropathologically characterized by the accumulation of extracellular plaques containing amyloid β-protein (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles containing tau in the brain, with neuronal degeneration and high level of oxidative stress. The current treatments for AD, e.g., acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs), have efficacies limited to symptom improvement. Although there are various approaches to the disease modifying therapies of AD, none of them can be used alone for actual treatment, and combination therapy may be needed for amelioration of the progression. There are reports that cilostazol (CSZ) suppressed cognitive decline progression in patients with mild cognitive impairment or stable AD receiving AChEIs. Previously, we showed that CSZ suppressed Aβ-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells via coincident inhibition of oxidative stress, as demonstrated by reduced activity of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase, accumulation of reactive oxygen species, and signaling of mitogen-activated protein kinase. CSZ also rescued cognitive impairment and promoted soluble Aβ clearance in a mouse model of cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Mature Aβ fibrils have long been considered the primary neurodegenerative factors in AD; however, recent evidence indicates soluble oligomers to initiate the neuronal and synaptic dysfunction related to AD and other protein-misfolding diseases. Further underscoring the potential of CSZ for AD treatment, we recently described the inhibitory effects of CSZ on Aβ oligomerization and aggregation in vitro. In this review, we discuss the possibility of CSZ as a potential disease-modifying therapy for the prevention or delay of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenjiro Ono
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mayumi Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, Showa University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Morsy A, Trippier PC. Current and Emerging Pharmacological Targets for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 72:S145-S176. [PMID: 31594236 DOI: 10.3233/jad-190744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
No cure or disease-modifying therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) has yet been realized. However, a multitude of pharmacological targets have been identified for possible engagement to enable drug discovery efforts for AD. Herein, we review these targets comprised around three main therapeutic strategies. First is an approach that targets the main pathological hallmarks of AD: amyloid-β (Aβ) oligomers and hyperphosphorylated tau tangles which primarily focuses on reducing formation and aggregation, and/or inducing their clearance. Second is a strategy that modulates neurotransmitter signaling. Comprising this strategy are the cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade treatments that are clinically approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Additional targets that aim to stabilize neuron signaling through modulation of neurotransmitters and their receptors are also discussed. Finally, the third approach comprises a collection of 'sensitive targets' that indirectly influence Aβ or tau accumulation. These targets are proteins that upon Aβ accumulation in the brain or direct Aβ-target interaction, a modification in the target's function is induced. The process occurs early in disease progression, ultimately causing neuronal dysfunction. This strategy aims to restore normal target function to alleviate Aβ-induced toxicity in neurons. Overall, we generally limit our analysis to targets that have emerged in the last decade and targets that have been validated using small molecules in in vitro and/or in vivo models. This review is not an exhaustive list of all possible targets for AD but serves to highlight the most promising and critical targets suitable for small molecule drug intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Morsy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Paul C Trippier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
- UNMC Center for Drug Discovery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
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18
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Han Y, Yang H, Li L, Du X, Sun C. Schisanhenol improves learning and memory in scopolamine-treated mice by reducing acetylcholinesterase activity and attenuating oxidative damage through SIRT1-PGC-1α-Tau signaling pathway. Int J Neurosci 2018; 129:110-118. [PMID: 30033800 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2018.1503183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Schisanhenol is a compound derived from the fruit of a traditional Chinese herb Schisandra rubriflora. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Schisanhenol on the cognitive impairment induced by scopolamine. MATERIAL AND METHODS Male mice were randomly divided into three Schisanhenol groups (10, 30, 100 mg/kg), Galantamine group (3 mg/kg), model group (1mg/kg scopolamine), and vehicle control group (normal saline). The learning and memory ability of mice was monitored by water morris maze. Hippocampus of mice were collected after behavioral testing and the activity of SOD, MDA, GSH-px, AChE were measured with standard biochemical procedures. Western blotting was used to analyze the expression of SIRT1, PGC-1α, phosphorylated Tau proteins. RESULTS Intraperitoneal administration of Schisanhenol (10, 30 or 100 mg/kg) significantly attenuated scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment in water morris maze. In addition, Schisanhenol increased the activity of SOD and GSH-px while decreased the content of AChE and MDA. Furthermore, western blotting analysis revealed that Schisanhenol increased the levels of SIRT1 and PGC-1α and decreased the level of phosphorylated Tau protein (Ser 396) significantly in the hippocampal tissues. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that Schisanhenol can attenuate scopolamine-induced learning impairment and enhance cognitive function, the mechanism via improve the cholinergic system and antioxidant ability, activate SIRT1-PGC1α signaling, inhibit the phosphorylation of Tau, and would be an effective candidate against cognitive disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Han
- a Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Hongyan Yang
- a Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Libo Li
- a Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Xiaohui Du
- a Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang , China
| | - Chao Sun
- a Institute of Medicine, Qiqihar Medical University , Qiqihar , Heilongjiang , China
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19
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Arahata M, Asakura H. Antithrombotic therapies for elderly patients: handling problems originating from their comorbidities. Clin Interv Aging 2018; 13:1675-1690. [PMID: 30237704 PMCID: PMC6138962 DOI: 10.2147/cia.s174896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Compared with younger people, elderly people have higher risks for both thrombosis and bleeding. Furthermore, comorbidities frequently found in elderly patients complicate the management of antithrombotic therapy. Thus, when treating these patients, physicians often find it difficult to incorporate the principles of evidence-based medicine and must determine the best treatment option for each patient. Recently, in the fields of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular diseases, researchers have been rapidly accumulating new data regarding antithrombotic therapy, particularly in the areas of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT). However, information related to elderly patients receiving antithrombotic therapy is still relatively limited. There are also more and more publications describing how antithrombotic therapy affects the pathogenesis of non-thrombotic diseases. Similarly, the number of reports concerning adherence to this therapy has been increasing lately. However, no review articles detailing these findings have yet been published. In actual clinical practice, antithrombotic therapy in the elderly is not a treatment strategy targeted to only one organ or disease. Rather, it requires an interdisciplinary approach aimed at maintaining the overall health of the patient. Thus, to assist physicians’ decision-making processes for elderly patients, an overview of recent findings related to the evidence regarding concomitant medications, the secondary benefits of antithrombotic therapy for patients with comorbidities, and evidence regarding medication adherence is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Arahata
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan,
| | - Hidesaku Asakura
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine of Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan,
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20
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Boland B, Yu WH, Corti O, Mollereau B, Henriques A, Bezard E, Pastores GM, Rubinsztein DC, Nixon RA, Duchen MR, Mallucci GR, Kroemer G, Levine B, Eskelinen EL, Mochel F, Spedding M, Louis C, Martin OR, Millan MJ. Promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins in neurodegenerative disorders of ageing. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2018; 17:660-688. [PMID: 30116051 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2018.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 335] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders of ageing (NDAs) such as Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal dementia, Huntington disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis represent a major socio-economic challenge in view of their high prevalence yet poor treatment. They are often called 'proteinopathies' owing to the presence of misfolded and aggregated proteins that lose their physiological roles and acquire neurotoxic properties. One reason underlying the accumulation and spread of oligomeric forms of neurotoxic proteins is insufficient clearance by the autophagic-lysosomal network. Several other clearance pathways are also compromised in NDAs: chaperone-mediated autophagy, the ubiquitin-proteasome system, extracellular clearance by proteases and extrusion into the circulation via the blood-brain barrier and glymphatic system. This article focuses on emerging mechanisms for promoting the clearance of neurotoxic proteins, a strategy that may curtail the onset and slow the progression of NDAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barry Boland
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Wai Haung Yu
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Taub Institute for Alzheimer's Disease Research, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Olga Corti
- ICM Institute for Brain and Spinal Cord, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Erwan Bezard
- CNRS, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | - Greg M Pastores
- Department of Metabolic Diseases, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David C Rubinsztein
- Department of Medical Genetics, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge and UK Dementia Research Institute, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ralph A Nixon
- Center for Dementia Research, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cell Biology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael R Duchen
- UCL Consortium for Mitochondrial Research and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Giovanna R Mallucci
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Université Paris Descartes/Paris V, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France.,Université Pierre et Marie Curie/Paris VI, Paris, France.,Equipe 11 labellisée Ligue contre le Cancer, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Paris, France.,INSERM U1138, Paris, France.,Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Gustave Roussy Comprehensive Cancer Institute, Villejuif, France.,Karolinska Institute, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Pôle de Biologie, Hopitâl Européen George Pompidou (AP-HP), Paris, France
| | - Beth Levine
- Center for Autophagy Research, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Fanny Mochel
- INSERM U 1127, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | | | - Caroline Louis
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
| | - Olivier R Martin
- Université d'Orléans & CNRS, Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Orléans, France
| | - Mark J Millan
- Centre for Therapeutic Innovation in Neuropsychiatry, IDR Servier, 78290 Croissy sur Seine, France
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21
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Wong SY, Tang BL. SIRT1 as a therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:813-825. [PMID: 27497424 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent cause of dementia in the aging population worldwide. SIRT1 deacetylation of histones and transcription factors impinge on multiple neuronal and non-neuronal targets, and modulates stress response, energy metabolism and cellular senescence/death pathways. Collectively, SIRT1 activity could potentially affect multiple aspects of hippocampal and cortical neuron function and survival, thus modifying disease onset and progression. In this review, the known and potential mechanisms of action of SIRT1 with regard to AD, and its potential as a therapeutic target, are discussed.
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22
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Brzdak P, Nowak D, Wiera G, Mozrzymas JW. Multifaceted Roles of Metzincins in CNS Physiology and Pathology: From Synaptic Plasticity and Cognition to Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:178. [PMID: 28713245 PMCID: PMC5491558 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) and membrane proteolysis play a key role in structural and functional synaptic plasticity associated with development and learning. A growing body of evidence underscores the multifaceted role of members of the metzincin superfamily, including metalloproteinases (MMPs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinases (ADAMs), A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs (ADAMTSs) and astacins in physiological and pathological processes in the central nervous system (CNS). The expression and activity of metzincins are strictly controlled at different levels (e.g., through the regulation of translation, limited activation in the extracellular space, the binding of endogenous inhibitors and interactions with other proteins). Thus, unsurprising is that the dysregulation of proteolytic activity, especially the greater expression and activation of metzincins, is associated with neurodegenerative disorders that are considered synaptopathies, especially Alzheimer's disease (AD). We review current knowledge of the functions of metzincins in the development of AD, mainly the proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein, the degradation of amyloid β (Aβ) peptide and several pathways for Aβ clearance across brain barriers (i.e., blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier (BCSFB)) that contain specific receptors that mediate the uptake of Aβ peptide. Controlling the proteolytic activity of metzincins in Aβ-induced pathological changes in AD patients' brains may be a promising therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Brzdak
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Neurobiology, Wroclaw UniversityWroclaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Daria Nowak
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Neurobiology, Wroclaw UniversityWroclaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wiera
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Neurobiology, Wroclaw UniversityWroclaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
| | - Jerzy W Mozrzymas
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Neurobiology, Wroclaw UniversityWroclaw, Poland.,Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biophysics, Wroclaw Medical UniversityWroclaw, Poland
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23
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Trzeciakiewicz H, Tseng JH, Wander CM, Madden V, Tripathy A, Yuan CX, Cohen TJ. A Dual Pathogenic Mechanism Links Tau Acetylation to Sporadic Tauopathy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44102. [PMID: 28287136 PMCID: PMC5347034 DOI: 10.1038/srep44102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tau acetylation has recently emerged as a dominant post-translational modification (PTM) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and related tauopathies. Mass spectrometry studies indicate that tau acetylation sites cluster within the microtubule (MT)-binding region (MTBR), suggesting acetylation could regulate both normal and pathological tau functions. Here, we combined biochemical and cell-based approaches to uncover a dual pathogenic mechanism mediated by tau acetylation. We show that acetylation specifically at residues K280/K281 impairs tau-mediated MT stabilization, and enhances the formation of fibrillar tau aggregates, highlighting both loss and gain of tau function. Full-length acetylation-mimic tau showed increased propensity to undergo seed-dependent aggregation, revealing a potential role for tau acetylation in the propagation of tau pathology. We also demonstrate that methylene blue, a reported tau aggregation inhibitor, modulates tau acetylation, a novel mechanism of action for this class of compounds. Our study identifies a potential “two-hit” mechanism in which tau acetylation disengages tau from MTs and also promotes tau aggregation. Thus, therapeutic approaches to limit tau K280/K281 acetylation could simultaneously restore MT stability and ameliorate tau pathology in AD and related tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trzeciakiewicz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Jui-Heng Tseng
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Connor M Wander
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Victoria Madden
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Ashutosh Tripathy
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Chao-Xing Yuan
- Alexion Pharmaceuticals Inc, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA
| | - Todd J Cohen
- Department of Neurology, UNC Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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24
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Park SY, Kim HY, Park HJ, Shin HK, Hong KW, Kim CD. Concurrent Treatment with Taxifolin and Cilostazol on the Lowering of β-Amyloid Accumulation and Neurotoxicity via the Suppression of P-JAK2/P-STAT3/NF-κB/BACE1 Signaling Pathways. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168286. [PMID: 27977755 PMCID: PMC5158044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Taxifolin is a potent flavonoid that exerts anti-oxidative effect, and cilostazol increases intracellular cAMP levels by inhibiting phosphodiesterase 3 that shows antiinflammatory actions. BACE1 (β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) is the rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the β-cleavage of amyloid precursor proteins to Aβ peptides. In this study, endogenous Aβ and C99 accumulation was explored in N2a Swe cells exposed to 1% FBS medium. Increased Aβ and C99 levels were significantly attenuated by taxifolin alone and in combination with cilostazol. Increased phosphorylated JAK2 at Tyr1007/1008 (P-JAK), phosphorylated STAT3 at Tyr 705 (P-STAT3) expressions and increased expressions of BACE1 mRNA and protein in the activated N2a Swe cells were significantly attenuated by taxifolin (10~50 μM), cilostazol (10~50 μM) alone and in combination at minimum concentrations. In these cells, decreased cytosol IκBα expression was elevated, and increased nuclear NF-κB p65 level and nuclear NF-κB p65 DNA binding activity were significantly reduced by taxifolin and cilostazol in a similar manner. Following STAT3 gene (~70% reduction) knockdown in N2a cells, Aβ-induced nuclear NF-κB and BACE1 expressions were not observed. Taxifolin, cilostazol, or resveratrol significantly stimulated SIRT1 protein expression. In SIRT1 gene-silenced (~50%) N2a cells, taxifolin, cilostazol, and resveratrol all failed to suppress Aβ1-42-stimulated P-STAT3 and BACE1 expression. Consequently, taxifolin and cilostazol were found to significantly decrease lipopolysaccharide (1–10 μg/ml)-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions, and nitrite production in cultured BV-2 microglia cells and to increase N2a cell viability. In conclusion, taxifolin and cilostazol strongly inhibited amyloidogenesis in a synergistic manner by suppressing P-JAK2/P-STAT3-coupled NF-κB-linked BACE1 expression via the up-regulation of SIRT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jeong Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Saito S, Kojima S, Oishi N, Kakuta R, Maki T, Yasuno F, Nagatsuka K, Yamamoto H, Fukuyama H, Fukushima M, Ihara M. A multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled trial for cilostazol in patients with mild cognitive impairment: The COMCID study protocol. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2016; 2:250-257. [PMID: 29067312 PMCID: PMC5651350 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction There are currently no effective treatments preventing conversion from mild cognitive impairment (MCI) to Alzheimer's disease. Cilostazol is a selective type-3 phosphodiesterase inhibitor that ameliorates accumulation of amyloid-β and has prevented cognitive decline in rodent models. Furthermore, cilostazol is known to suppress platelet aggregation, protect vascular endothelia, dilate vessels, and increase cerebral blood flow. Beneficial effects have also been shown in observational cohort studies, demonstrating the need for a prospective clinical trial. Methods The Cilostazol for prevention of COnversion from MCI to Dementia (COMCID) study is a double-blind, randomized phase II study of patients with MCI. Participants will receive cilostazol or placebo for 96 weeks. The primary objective is to evaluate whether cilostazol slows down cognitive decline measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination. Secondary objectives are assessing time to conversion from MCI to dementia and assessing incremental changes in several psychological assessment scales. Discussion The COMCID trial will identify the therapeutic potential of cilostazol. This trial, which is based on a drug repositioning strategy, may aid the development of a neurovascular treatment for neurocognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Kojima
- Department of MediScience, Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Naoya Oishi
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kakuta
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Takakuni Maki
- Department of Neurology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Nagatsuka
- Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Haruko Yamamoto
- Center for Advancing Clinical and Translational Sciences, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hidenao Fukuyama
- Human Brain Research Center, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Center for the Promotion of Interdisciplinary Education and Research, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masanori Fukushima
- Department of MediScience, Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Park SY, Lee HR, Lee WS, Shin HK, Kim HY, Hong KW, Kim CD. Cilostazol Modulates Autophagic Degradation of β-Amyloid Peptide via SIRT1-Coupled LKB1/AMPKα Signaling in Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160620. [PMID: 27494711 PMCID: PMC4975437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
A neuroprotective role of autophagy mediates the degradation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The previous study showed cilostazol modulates autophagy by increasing beclin1, Atg5 and LC3-II expressions, and depletes intracellular Aβ accumulation. This study elucidated the mechanisms through which cilostazol modulates the autophagic degradation of Aβ in neurons. In N2a cells, cilostazol (10–30 μM), significantly increased the expression of P-AMPKα (Thr 172) and downstream P-ACC (acetyl-CoA carboxylase) (Ser 79) as did resveratrol (SIRT1 activator), or AICAR (AMPK activator), which were blocked by KT5720, compound C (AMPK inhibitor), or sirtinol. Furthermore, phosphorylated-mTOR (Ser 2448) and phosphorylated-P70S6K (Thr 389) expressions were suppressed, and LC3-II levels were elevated in association with decreased P62/Sqstm1 by cilostazol. Cilostazol increased cathepsin B activity and decreased p62/SQSTM 1, consequently decreased accumulation of Aβ1–42 in the activated N2aSwe cells, and these results were blocked by sirtinol, compound C and bafilomycin A1 (autophagosome blocker), suggesting enhanced autophagosome formation by cilostazol. In SIRT1 gene-silenced N2a cells, cilostazol failed to increase the expressions of P-LKB1 (Ser 428) and P-AMPKα, which contrasted with its effect in negative control cells transfected with scrambled siRNA duplex. Further, N2a cells transfected with expression vectors encoding pcDNA SIRT1 showed increased P-AMPKα expression, which mimicked the effect of cilostazol in N2a cells; suggesting cilostazol-stimulated expressions of P-LKB1 and P-AMPKα were SIRT1-dependent. Unlike their effects in N2a cells, in HeLa cells, which lack LKB1, cilostazol and resveratrol did not elevate SIRT1 or P-AMPKα expression, indicating cilostazol and resveratrol-stimulated expressions of SIRT1 and P-AMPKα are LKB1-dependent. In conclusion, cilostazol upregulates autophagy by activating SIRT1-coupled P-LKB1/P-AMPKα and inhibiting mTOR activation, thereby decreasing Aβ accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- So Youn Park
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Rin Lee
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea.,Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Gyeongsangnam-do, 50612, Republic of Korea
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SIRT1 inhibits differentiation of monocytes to macrophages: amelioration of synovial inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:921-31. [DOI: 10.1007/s00109-016-1402-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The conventional term 'casein kinase' (CK) denotes three classes of kinases - CK1, CK2 and Golgi-CK (G-CK)/Fam20C (family with sequence similarity 20, member C) - sharing the ability to phoshorylate casein in vitro, but otherwise unrelated to each other. All CKs have been reported to be implicated in human diseases, and reviews individually dealing with the druggability of CK1 and CK2 are available. Our aim is to provide a comparative analysis of the three classes of CKs as therapeutic targets. AREAS COVERED CK2 is the CK for which implication in neoplasia is best documented, with the survival of cancer cells often relying on its overexpression. An ample variety of cell-permeable CK2 inhibitors have been developed, with a couple of these now in clinical trials. Isoform-specific CK1 inhibitors that are expected to play a beneficial role in oncology and neurodegeneration have been also developed. In contrast, the pathogenic potential of G-CK/Fam20C is caused by its loss of function. Activators of Fam20C, notably sphingolipids and their analogs, may prove beneficial in this respect. EXPERT OPINION Optimization of CK2 and CK1 inhibitors will prove useful to develop new therapeutic strategies for treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, while the design of potent activators of G-CK/Fam20C will provide a new tool in the fields of bio-mineralization and hypophosphatemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Cozza
- a 1 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lorenzo A Pinna
- a 1 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences , Via Ugo Bassi 58B, 35131 Padova, Italy .,b 2 University of Padova, Department of Biomedical Sciences and CNR Institute of Neurosciences , Padova, Italy ;
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Suppression of RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation by cilostazol via SIRT1-induced RANK inhibition. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:2137-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2015.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 06/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Kang WK, Kim YH, Kang HA, Kwon KS, Kim JY. Sir2 phosphorylation through cAMP-PKA and CK2 signaling inhibits the lifespan extension activity of Sir2 in yeast. eLife 2015; 4. [PMID: 26329457 PMCID: PMC4586308 DOI: 10.7554/elife.09709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Silent information regulator 2 (Sir2), an NAD+-dependent protein deacetylase, has been proposed to be a longevity factor that plays important roles in dietary restriction (DR)-mediated lifespan extension. In this study, we show that the Sir2's role for DR-mediated lifespan extension depends on cAMP-PKA and casein kinase 2 (CK2) signaling in yeast. Sir2 partially represses the transcription of lifespan-associated genes, such as PMA1 (encoding an H+-ATPase) and many ribosomal protein genes, through deacetylation of Lys 16 of histone H4 in the promoter regions of these genes. This repression is relieved by Sir2 S473 phosphorylation, which is mediated by active cAMP-PKA and CK2 signaling. Moderate DR increases the replicative lifespan of wild-type yeast but has no effect on that of yeast expressing the Sir2-S473E or S473A allele, suggesting that the effect of Sir2 on DR-mediated lifespan extension is negatively regulated by S473 phosphorylation. Our results demonstrate a mechanism by which Sir2 contributes to lifespan extension. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09709.001 We know that cutting calorie intake through a restricted diet can slow down the aging process and prolong the lives of many organisms ranging from yeast to mammals. Calorie restriction also has protective effects on various age-related diseases including neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. Many studies suggest that we may mimic the beneficial effects of calorie restriction by controlling the activities of some proteins involved in the aging process. An enzyme called Sir2 is required for calorie restriction to be able to increase lifespan. This enzyme modifies proteins called histones, which are used to package DNA inside cells. In yeast, Sir2 modifies the histones in such a way that the genes contained in that section of DNA are inactivated (or ‘silenced’). As the yeast cells age, the activity of Sir2 declines, which allows these genes to become active and contribute to the aging process. However, when yeast cells are grown in the presence of little sugar—which mimics caloric restriction—Sir2 is activated and this restores gene silencing. It is not clear how Sir2's ability to silence these genes contributes to prolonged lifespan. Kang et al. studied the role of Sir2 in yeast and observed that one of the genes that Sir2 inactivates is called PMA1. This gene encodes a protein that is known to restrict the lifespan of yeast cells. Further experiments show that other proteins attach or remove molecules called phosphate groups from Sir2 to regulate its activity. Sir2 is inactivated when a phosphate group is attached, and active in the absence of phosphate. Under a reduced diet, the proteins that add phosphate to Sir2 are inactive, which allows Sir2 to become active and reduce the expression of the PMA1 gene. These results show that Sir2 fine-tunes the expression of PMA1 and other age-related genes and that the attachment of phosphate groups to Sir2 by other proteins interferes with this regulation. The next challenges will be to identify the proteins responsible for attaching phosphate groups to Sir2, and to find out how they work. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.09709.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Kyu Kang
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Hyeock Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Ah Kang
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Sun Kwon
- Aging Intervention Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Yoon Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Lee HR, Shin HK, Park SY, Kim HY, Bae SS, Lee WS, Rhim BY, Hong KW, Kim CD. Cilostazol Upregulates Autophagy via SIRT1 Activation: Reducing Amyloid-β Peptide and APP-CTFβ Levels in Neuronal Cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0134486. [PMID: 26244661 PMCID: PMC4526537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a vital pathway for the removal of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) and the aggregated proteins that cause Alzheimer’s disease (AD). We previously found that cilostazol induced SIRT1 expression and its activity in neuronal cells, and thus, we hypothesized that cilostazol might stimulate clearances of Aβ and C-terminal APP fragment β subunit (APP-CTFβ) by up-regulating autophagy.When N2a cells were exposed to soluble Aβ1–42, protein levels of beclin-1, autophagy-related protein5 (Atg5), and SIRT1 decreased significantly. Pretreatment with cilostazol (10–30 μM) or resveratrol (20 μM) prevented these Aβ1–42 evoked suppressions. LC3-II (a marker of mammalian autophagy) levels were significantly increased by cilostazol, and this increase was reduced by 3-methyladenine. To evoke endogenous Aβ overproduction, N2aSwe cells (N2a cells stably expressing human APP containing the Swedish mutation) were cultured in medium with or without tetracycline (Tet+ for 48 h and then placed in Tet- condition). Aβ and APP-CTFβ expressions were increased after 12~24 h in Tet- condition, and these increased expressions were significantly reduced by pretreating cilostazol. Cilostazol-induced reductions in the expressions of Aβ and APP-CTFβ were blocked by bafilomycin A1 (a blocker of autophagosome to lysosome fusion). After knockdown of the SIRT1 gene (to ~40% in SIRT1 protein), cilostazol failed to elevate the expressions of beclin-1, Atg5, and LC3-II, indicating that cilostazol increases these expressions by up-regulating SIRT1. Further, decreased cell viability induced by Aβ was prevented by cilostazol, and this inhibition was reversed by 3-methyladenine, indicating that the protective effect of cilostazol against Aβ induced neurotoxicity is, in part, ascribable to the induction of autophagy. In conclusion, cilostazol modulates autophagy by increasing the activation of SIRT1, and thereby enhances Aβ clearance and increases cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Lee
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - So Youn Park
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Sik Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Yong Rhim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Whan Hong
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Dae Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Gene & Cell Therapy Research Center for Vessel-associated Diseases, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Saito S, Ihara M. New therapeutic approaches for Alzheimer's disease and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:290. [PMID: 25368578 PMCID: PMC4202741 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence has shown a strong relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD), cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), and cerebrovascular disease. Cognitive impairment in AD patients can result from cortical microinfarcts associated with CAA, as well as the synaptic and neuronal disturbances caused by cerebral accumulations of β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins. The pathophysiology of AD may lead to a toxic chain of events consisting of Aβ overproduction, impaired Aβ clearance, and brain ischemia. Insufficient removal of Aβ leads to development of CAA and plays a crucial role in sporadic AD cases, implicating promotion of Aβ clearance as an important therapeutic strategy. Aβ is mainly eliminated by three mechanisms: (1) enzymatic/glial degradation, (2) transcytotic delivery, and (3) perivascular drainage (3-“d” mechanisms). Enzymatic degradation may be facilitated by activation of Aβ-degrading enzymes such as neprilysin, angiotensin-converting enzyme, and insulin-degrading enzyme. Transcytotic delivery can be promoted by inhibition of the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), which mediates transcytotic influx of circulating Aβ into brain. Successful use of the RAGE inhibitor TTP488 in Phase II testing has led to a Phase III clinical trial for AD patients. The perivascular drainage system seems to be driven by motive force generated by cerebral arterial pulsations, suggesting that vasoactive drugs can facilitate Aβ clearance. One of the drugs promoting this system is cilostazol, a selective inhibitor of type 3 phosphodiesterase. The clearance of fluorescent soluble Aβ tracers was significantly enhanced in cilostazol-treated CAA model mice. Given that the balance between Aβ synthesis and clearance determines brain Aβ accumulation, and that Aβ is cleared by several pathways stated above, multi-drugs combination therapy could provide a mainstream cure for sporadic AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Saito
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center , Suita , Japan
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Paris D, Ait-Ghezala G, Bachmeier C, Laco G, Beaulieu-Abdelahad D, Lin Y, Jin C, Crawford F, Mullan M. The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) regulates Alzheimer amyloid-β production and Tau hyperphosphorylation. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33927-44. [PMID: 25331948 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.608091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that the L-type calcium channel (LCC) antagonist nilvadipine reduces brain amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation by affecting both Aβ production and Aβ clearance across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Nilvadipine consists of a mixture of two enantiomers, (+)-nilvadipine and (-)-nilvadipine, in equal proportion. (+)-Nilvadipine is the active enantiomer responsible for the inhibition of LCC, whereas (-)-nilvadipine is considered inactive. Both nilvadipine enantiomers inhibit Aβ production and improve the clearance of Aβ across the BBB showing that these effects are not related to LCC inhibition. In addition, treatment of P301S mutant human Tau transgenic mice (transgenic Tau P301S) with (-)-nilvadipine reduces Tau hyperphosphorylation at several Alzheimer disease (AD) pertinent epitopes. A search for the mechanism of action of (-)-nilvadipine revealed that this compound inhibits the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk). We further validated Syk as a target-regulating Aβ by showing that pharmacological inhibition of Syk or down-regulation of Syk expression reduces Aβ production and increases the clearance of Aβ across the BBB mimicking (-)-nilvadipine effects. Moreover, treatment of transgenic mice overexpressing Aβ and transgenic Tau P301S mice with a selective Syk inhibitor respectively decreased brain Aβ accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation at multiple AD relevant epitopes. We show that Syk inhibition induces an increased phosphorylation of the inhibitory Ser-9 residue of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, a primary Tau kinase involved in Tau phosphorylation, by activating protein kinase A, providing a mechanism explaining the reduction of Tau phosphorylation at GSK3β-dependent epitopes following Syk inhibition. Altogether our data highlight Syk as a promising target for preventing both Aβ accumulation and Tau hyperphosphorylation in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Paris
- From the Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida 34243
| | | | | | - Gary Laco
- From the Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida 34243
| | | | - Yong Lin
- From the Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida 34243
| | - Chao Jin
- From the Roskamp Institute, Sarasota, Florida 34243
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Gerson JE, Castillo-Carranza DL, Kayed R. Advances in therapeutics for neurodegenerative tauopathies: moving toward the specific targeting of the most toxic tau species. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:752-69. [PMID: 25075869 DOI: 10.1021/cn500143n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disease is one of the greatest health concerns today and with no effective treatment in sight, it is crucial that researchers find a safe and successful therapeutic. While neurofibrillary tangles are considered the primary tauopathy hallmark, more evidence continues to come to light to suggest that soluble, intermediate tau aggregates--tau oligomers--are the most toxic species in disease. These intermediate tau species may also be responsible for the spread of pathology, suggesting that oligomeric tau may be the best therapeutic target. Here, we summarize results for the modulation of tau by molecular chaperones, small molecules and aggregation inhibitors, post-translational modifications, immunotherapy, other techniques, and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia E. Gerson
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Diana L. Castillo-Carranza
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Rakez Kayed
- Department
of Neurology, George and Cynthia Mitchell
Center for Alzheimer’s Disease Research, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
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Lee HR, Shin HK, Park SY, Kim HY, Lee WS, Rhim BY, Hong KW, Kim CD. Cilostazol suppresses β-amyloid production by activating a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 via the upregulation of SIRT1-coupled retinoic acid receptor-β. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:1581-90. [PMID: 24903973 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of plaques of β-amyloid (Aβ) peptides, a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, results from the sequential cleavage of amyloid precursor protein (APP) by activation of β- and γ-secretases. However, the production of Aβ can be avoided by alternate cleavage of APP by α-and γ-secretases. We hypothesized that cilostazol attenuates Aβ production by increasing a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10)/α-secretase activity via SIRT1-coupled retinoic acid receptor-β (RARβ) activation in N2a cells expressing human APP Swedish mutation (N2aSwe). To evoke endogenous Aβ overproduction, the culture medium was switched from medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to medium containing 1% FBS, and cells were cultured for 3∼24 hr. After depletion of FBS in media, N2aSwe cells showed increased accumulations of full-length APP (FL-APP) and Aβ in a time-dependent manner (3-24 hr) in association with decreased ADAM10 protein expression. When pretreated with cilostazol (10-30 μM), FL-APP and Aβ levels were significantly reduced, and ADAM10 and α-secretase activities were restored. Furthermore, the effect of cilostazol on ADAM10 expression was antagonized by pretreating Rp-cAMPS and sirtinol and by SIRT1-gene silencing. In the N2aSwe cells overexpressing the SIRT1 gene, ADAM10, and sAPPα levels were significantly elevated. In addition, like all-trans retinoic acid, cilostazol enhanced the protein expressions of RARβ and ADAM10, and the cilostazol-stimulated ADAM10 elevation was significantly attenuated by LE135 (a RARβ inhibitor), sirtinol, and RARβ-gene silencing. In conclusion, cilostazol suppresses the accumulations of FL-APP and Aβ by activating ADAM10 via the upregulation of SIRT1-coupled RARβ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Rin Lee
- Medical Research Center for Ischemic Tissue Regeneration, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
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