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Lohitaksha K, Kumari D, Shukla M, Byagari L, Ashireddygari VR, Tammineni P, Reddanna P, Gorla M. Eicosanoid signaling in neuroinflammation associated with Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 976:176694. [PMID: 38821162 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition affecting a substantial portion of the global population. It is marked by a complex interplay of factors, including the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau tangles within the brain, leading to neuroinflammation and neuronal damage. Recent studies have underscored the role of free lipids and their derivatives in the initiation and progression of AD. Eicosanoids, metabolites of polyunsaturated fatty acids like arachidonic acid (AA), emerge as key players in this scenario. Remarkably, eicosanoids can either promote or inhibit the development of AD, and this multifaceted role is determined by how eicosanoid signaling influences the immune responses within the brain. However, the precise molecular mechanisms dictating the dual role of eicosanoids in AD remain elusive. In this comprehensive review, we explore the intricate involvement of eicosanoids in neuronal function and dysfunction. Furthermore, we assess the therapeutic potential of targeting eicosanoid signaling pathways as a viable strategy for mitigating or halting the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepika Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Rajasthan, Bandarsindri, Ajmer, Rajasthan, India
| | - Manas Shukla
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Lavanya Byagari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Prasad Tammineni
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Pallu Reddanna
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India; Brane Enterprises Private Limited, Hyderabad, India.
| | - Madhavi Gorla
- National Institute of Animal Biotechnology, Hyderabad, India.
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2
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Karnik SJ, Margetts TJ, Wang HS, Movila A, Oblak AL, Fehrenbacher JC, Kacena MA, Plotkin LI. Mind the Gap: Unraveling the Intricate Dance Between Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias and Bone Health. Curr Osteoporos Rep 2024; 22:165-176. [PMID: 38285083 PMCID: PMC10912190 DOI: 10.1007/s11914-023-00847-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review examines the linked pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease/related dementia (AD/ADRD) and bone disorders like osteoporosis. The emphasis is on "inflammaging"-a low-level inflammation common to both, and its implications in an aging population. RECENT FINDINGS Aging intensifies both ADRD and bone deterioration. Notably, ADRD patients have a heightened fracture risk, impacting morbidity and mortality, though it is uncertain if fractures worsen ADRD. Therapeutically, agents targeting inflammation pathways, especially Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB) and TNF-α, appear beneficial for both conditions. Additionally, treatments like Sirtuin 1 (SIRT-1), known for anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective properties, are gaining attention. The interconnectedness of AD/ADRD and bone health necessitates a unified treatment approach. By addressing shared mechanisms, we can potentially transform therapeutic strategies, enriching our understanding and refining care in our aging society. This review article is part of a series of multiple manuscripts designed to determine the utility of using artificial intelligence for writing scientific reviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonali J Karnik
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Tyler J Margetts
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Hannah S Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Alexandru Movila
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Comprehensive Care, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Adrian L Oblak
- Department of Radiology & Imaging Sciences, Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jill C Fehrenbacher
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Melissa A Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Indiana Center for Musculoskeletal Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology & Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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3
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Puertas-Umbert L, Puig N, Camacho M, Dantas AP, Marín R, Martí-Fàbregas J, Jiménez-Xarrié E, Benitez S, Camps-Renom P, Jiménez-Altayó F. Serum from Stroke Patients with High-Grade Carotid Stenosis Promotes Cyclooxygenase-Dependent Endothelial Dysfunction in Non-ischemic Mice Carotid Arteries. Transl Stroke Res 2024; 15:140-152. [PMID: 36536168 PMCID: PMC10796474 DOI: 10.1007/s12975-022-01117-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is responsible for 20% of ischemic strokes, and severe carotid stenosis is associated with a higher incidence of first-ever and recurrent strokes. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators into the blood in severe atherosclerosis may aggravate endothelial dysfunction after stroke contributing to impair disease outcomes. We hypothesize that environments of severe carotid atherosclerotic disease worsen endothelial dysfunction in stroke linked to enhanced risk of further cerebrovascular events. We mounted nonischemic common carotid arteries from 2- to 4-month-old male Oncins France 1 mice in tissue baths for isometric contraction force measurements and exposed them to serum from men with a recent ischemic stroke and different degrees of carotid stenosis: low- or moderate-grade stenosis (LMGS; < 70%) and high-grade stenosis (HGS; ≥ 70%). The results show that serum from stroke patients induced an impairment of acetylcholine relaxations in mice carotid arteries indicative of endothelium dysfunction. This effect was more pronounced after incubation with serum from patients with a recurrent stroke or vascular death within 1 year of follow-up. When patients were stratified according to the degree of stenosis, serum from HGS patients induced more pronounced carotid artery endothelial dysfunction, an effect that was associated with enhanced circulating levels of IL-1β. Mechanistically, endothelial dysfunction was prevented by both nonselective and selective COX blockade. Altogether, the present findings add knowledge on the understanding of the mechanisms involved in the increased risk of stroke in atherosclerosis and suggest that targeting COX in the carotid artery wall may represent a potential novel therapeutic strategy for secondary stroke prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lídia Puertas-Umbert
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Núria Puig
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Camacho
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Paula Dantas
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Cardiovascular Institute, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rebeca Marín
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Martí-Fàbregas
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Jiménez-Xarrié
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Benitez
- Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB, SANT PAU), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER of Diabetes and Related Metabolic Diseases (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pol Camps-Renom
- Department of Neurology, IIB SANT PAU, Hospital de La Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Jiménez-Altayó
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Neuroscience Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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4
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Kupnicka P, Listos J, Tarnowski M, Kolasa A, Kapczuk P, Surówka A, Kwiatkowski J, Janawa K, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. The Effect of Prenatal and Neonatal Fluoride Exposure to Morphine-Induced Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:826. [PMID: 38255899 PMCID: PMC10815549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical dependence is associated with the formation of neuroadaptive changes in the central nervous system (CNS), both at the molecular and cellular levels. Various studies have demonstrated the immunomodulatory and proinflammatory properties of morphine. The resulting neuroinflammation in drug dependence exacerbates substance abuse-related behaviors and increases morphine tolerance. Studies prove that fluoride exposure may also contribute to the development of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative changes. Morphine addiction is a major social problem. Neuroinflammation increases tolerance to morphine, and neurodegenerative effects caused by fluoride in structures related to the development of dependence may impair the functioning of neuronal pathways, change the concentration of neurotransmitters, and cause memory and learning disorders, which implies this element influences the development of dependence. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the inflammatory state of selected brain structures in morphine-dependent rats pre-exposed to fluoride, including changes in cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression as well as microglial and astroglial activity via the evaluation of Iba1 and GFAP expression. We provide evidence that both morphine administration and fluoride exposure have an impact on the inflammatory response by altering the expression of COX-1, COX-2, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule (Iba1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in brain structures involved in dependence development, such as the prefrontal cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum. We observed that the expression of COX-1 and COX-2 in morphine-dependent rats is influenced by prior fluoride exposure, and these changes vary depending on the specific brain region. Additionally, we observed active astrogliosis, as indicated by increased GFAP expression, in all brain structures of morphine-dependent rats, regardless of fluoride exposure. Furthermore, the effect of morphine on Iba1 expression varied across different brain regions, and fluoride pre-exposure may influence microglial activation. However, it remains unclear whether these changes are a result of the direct or indirect actions of morphine and fluoride on the factors analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Kupnicka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanna Listos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacodynamics, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Maciej Tarnowski
- Department of Physiology in Health Sciences, Pomeranian Medical University, 70-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Kolasa
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Patrycja Kapczuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Surówka
- Department of Plastic, Endocrine and General Surgery, Pomeranian Medical University, 72-010 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jakub Kwiatkowski
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kamil Janawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wlkp. 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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Liang N, Harsch BA, Zhou S, Borkowska A, Shearer GC, Kaddurah-Daouk R, Newman JW, Borkowski K. Oxylipin transport by lipoprotein particles and its functional implications for cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 93:101265. [PMID: 37979798 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Lipoprotein metabolism is critical to inflammation. While the periphery and central nervous system (CNS) have separate yet connected lipoprotein systems, impaired lipoprotein metabolism is implicated in both cardiometabolic and neurological disorders. Despite the substantial investigation into the composition, structure and function of lipoproteins, the lipoprotein oxylipin profiles, their influence on lipoprotein functions, and their potential biological implications are unclear. Lipoproteins carry most of the circulating oxylipins. Importantly, lipoprotein-mediated oxylipin transport allows for endocrine signaling by these lipid mediators, long considered to have only autocrine and paracrine functions. Alterations in plasma lipoprotein oxylipin composition can directly impact inflammatory responses of lipoprotein metabolizing cells. Similar investigations of CNS lipoprotein oxylipins are non-existent to date. However, as APOE4 is associated with Alzheimer's disease-related microglia dysfunction and oxylipin dysregulation, ApoE4-dependent lipoprotein oxylipin modulation in neurological pathologies is suggested. Such investigations are crucial to bridge knowledge gaps linking oxylipin- and lipoprotein-related disorders in both periphery and CNS. Here, after providing a summary of existent literatures on lipoprotein oxylipin analysis methods, we emphasize the importance of lipoproteins in oxylipin transport and argue that understanding the compartmentalization and distribution of lipoprotein oxylipins may fundamentally alter our consideration of the roles of lipoprotein in cardiometabolic and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuanyi Liang
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Brian A Harsch
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sitong Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Alison Borkowska
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Gregory C Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rima Kaddurah-Daouk
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke Institute for Brain Sciences and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA; Duke Institute of Brain Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - John W Newman
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Department of Nutrition, University of California - Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA; Western Human Nutrition Research Center, United States Department of Agriculture - Agriculture Research Service, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Kamil Borkowski
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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6
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Binneböse M, Schott J, Wallis H, Kaiser C, Vogel M. [A naturalistic study on the effects of antidepressants (e. g. SSRI) and acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) on the self-rated perception of the psychotherapeutic process of inpatient psychosomatic treatment and its results: Could ASA be beneficial?]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2023; 69:369-382. [PMID: 38214019 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2023.69.4.369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Objectives: Psychic perceptions are at the core of psychotherapeutic processes and modifiable by certain psychopharmacologic agents including antidepressants and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors like acetylsalicylic acid (ASA). Methods: We analyzed the medical records of 208 participants, and used the weekly mean dosages and the number of weeks in therapy to predict ward experience (Stationserfahrungsbogen) and symptom burden (symptom-check list 90-R) by means of linear regression analyses and four repeated measures. Results: Time predicted symptom relief. ASA signified a more favorable ward experience and a trend towards less suffering. Antidepressants did not predict symptom burden or ward experience, except for amitriptyline's inverse relationship with process perception. Discussion: Regarding process perception and therapy outcome, amitriptyline might have unfavorable effects at dose reductions, whereas COX-inhibition could be beneficial at higher dosages. Similar findings have already been described with regard to COX-inhibition in depression and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Binneböse
- Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Jan Schott
- Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Hannah Wallis
- Universitätsklinik für Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie, Magdeburg Deutschland
| | - Christian Kaiser
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Magdeburg; Deutschland
| | - Matthias Vogel
- Ameos-Klinikum Haldensleben, Abteilung für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Kiefholzstr.4 39340 Haldensleben Deutschland
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7
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Stachowicz K. Deciphering the mechanisms of reciprocal regulation or interdependence at the cannabinoid CB1 receptors and cyclooxygenase-2 level: Effects on mood, cognitive implications, and synaptic signaling. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 155:105439. [PMID: 37898448 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The lipid endocannabinoid system refers to endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), the enzymes involved in their synthesis and metabolism, and the G protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (GPCRs), CB1, and CB2. CB1 receptors (CB1Rs) are distributed in the brain at presynaptic terminals. Their activation induces inhibition of neurotransmitter release, which are gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glutamate (Glu), dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, and acetylcholine. Postsynaptically localized CB1Rs regulate the activity of selected ion channels and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs). CB2Rs are mainly peripheral and will not be considered here. Anandamide metabolism, mediated by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), generates anandamide-derived prostanoids. In addition, COX-2 regulates the formation of CB1 ligands, which reduce excitatory transmission in the hippocampus (HC). The role of CB1Rs and COX-2 has been described in anxiety, depression, and cognition, among other central nervous system (CNS) disorders, affecting neurotransmission and behavior of the synapses. This review will analyze common pathways, mechanisms, and behavioral effects of manipulation at the CB1Rs/COX-2 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Stachowicz
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacoslogy, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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8
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Beura SK, Dhapola R, Panigrahi AR, Yadav P, Kumar R, Reddy DH, Singh SK. Antiplatelet drugs: Potential therapeutic options for the management of neurodegenerative diseases. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1835-1877. [PMID: 37132460 DOI: 10.1002/med.21965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The blood platelet plays an important role but often remains under-recognized in several vascular complications and associated diseases. Surprisingly, platelet hyperactivity and hyperaggregability have often been considered the critical risk factors for developing vascular dysfunctions in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) like Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and multiple sclerosis. In addition, platelet structural and functional impairments promote prothrombotic and proinflammatory environment that can aggravate the progression of several NDDs. These findings provide the rationale for using antiplatelet agents not only to prevent morbidity but also to reduce mortality caused by NDDs. Therefore, we thoroughly review the evidence supporting the potential pleiotropic effects of several novel classes of synthetic antiplatelet drugs, that is, cyclooxygenase inhibitors, adenosine diphosphate receptor antagonists, protease-activated receptor blockers, and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor inhibitors in NDDs. Apart from this, the review also emphasizes the recent developments of selected natural antiplatelet phytochemicals belonging to key classes of plant-based bioactive compounds, including polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids as potential therapeutic candidates in NDDs. We believe that the broad analysis of contemporary strategies and specific approaches for plausible therapeutic treatment for NDDs presented in this review could be helpful for further successful research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir K Beura
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Abhishek R Panigrahi
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Pooja Yadav
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Reetesh Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Applied Sciences and Humanities, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dibbanti H Reddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
| | - Sunil K Singh
- Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, India
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9
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Ding JQ, Guan SN, Zhang YF, Wang ZX, Kong WZ, Ren JR, Zhang XY. A new anti-inflammatory thujane monoterpenoid glycoside ester from Pittosporum heterophyllum Franch. Nat Prod Res 2023:1-4. [PMID: 37712410 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2023.2258541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Phytochemical investigation of EtOH extract of Pittosporum heterophyllum led to one new esterified thujane monoterpenoid glycoside, pitheteroside A (1), together with one eudesmane sesquiterpenoid (2) and twelve lignans (3-14). Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 1D and 2D NMR, ECD calculation and HRESIMS spectra. Pitheteroside A is an unreported and highly esterified monoterpenoid glycoside. All isolates were evaluated for their nitric oxide production inhibition against LPS-induced BV-2 microglial cells. Among them, compounds 1, 6 and 8 showed significant activities with IC50 values less than 10 μM. The results indicated the metabolisms from P. heterophyllum possess potential anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Qi Ding
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Sheng-Nan Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yu-Feng Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Zhao-Xuan Wang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Wei-Zhen Kong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jun-Rui Ren
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiu-Yun Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, PR China
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10
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Rocchi D, González JF, Martín-Cámara O, Perrone MG, Miciaccia M, Scilimati A, Decouty-Pérez C, Parada E, Egea J, Menéndez JC. m-Terphenylamines, Acting as Selective COX-1 Inhibitors, Block Microglia Inflammatory Response and Exert Neuroprotective Activity. Molecules 2023; 28:5374. [PMID: 37513247 PMCID: PMC10384011 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been extensively studied as an approach to reduce proinflammatory markers in acute brain diseases, but the anti-neuroinflammatory role of cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) inhibition has been rather neglected. We report that m-terphenylamine derivatives are selective COX-1 inhibitors, able to block microglia inflammatory response and elicit a neuroprotective effect. These compounds were synthesized via a three-component reaction of chalcones, β-ketoesters, and primary amines, followed by hydrolysis/decarboxylation of the ester group. Together with their synthetic intermediates and some urea derivatives, they were studied as inhibitors of COX-1 and COX-2. The m-terphenylamine derivatives, which were selective COX-1 inhibitors, were also analyzed for their ability to block microglia inflammatory and oxidative response. Compound 3b presented an interesting anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective profile by reducing nitrite release, ROS overproduction, and cell death in organotypic hippocampal cultures subjected to LPS. We thus show that COX-1 inhibition is a promising approach to provide enhanced neuroprotection against acute inflammatory processes, which are crucial in the development of a plethora of acute neurodegenerative injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damiano Rocchi
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan F González
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Olmo Martín-Cámara
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Grazia Perrone
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Morena Miciaccia
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonio Scilimati
- Dipartimento di Farmacia-Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Celine Decouty-Pérez
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Parada
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Egea
- Molecular Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Plasticity Research Laboratory, Hospital Universitario Santa Cristina, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Hospital Universitario de la Princesa, 28009 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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11
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Varghese N, Morrison B. Inhibition of cyclooxygenase and EP3 receptor improved long term potentiation in a rat organotypic hippocampal model of repeated blast traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Int 2023; 163:105472. [PMID: 36599378 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2022.105472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI) is a health concern in military service members who are exposed to multiple blasts throughout their training and deployment. Our group has previously reported decreased long term potentiation (LTP) following repeated bTBI in a rat organotypic hippocampal slice culture (OHSC) model. In this study, we investigated changes in inflammatory markers like cyclooxygenase (COX) and tested the efficacy of COX or prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3R) inhibitors in attenuating LTP deficits. Expression of COX-2 was increased 48 h following repeated injury, whereas COX-1 expression was unchanged. EP3R expression was upregulated, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was decreased after repeated blast exposure. Post-traumatic LTP deficits improved after treatment with a COX-1 specific inhibitor, SC-560, a COX-2 specific inhibitor, rofecoxib, a pan-COX inhibitor, ibuprofen, or an EP3R inhibitor, L-798,106. Delayed treatment with ibuprofen and L-798,106 also prevented LTP deficits. These findings suggest that bTBI induced neuroinflammation may be responsible for some functional deficits that we have observed in injured OHSCs. Additionally, COX and EP3R inhibition may be viable therapeutic strategies to reduce neurophysiological deficits after repeated bTBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nevin Varghese
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
| | - Barclay Morrison
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, 1210 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY, 10027, USA.
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12
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Yu W, Gong E, Liu B, Zhou L, Che C, Hu S, Zhang Z, Liu J, Shi J. Hydrogel-mediated drug delivery for treating stroke. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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13
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Acetylsalicylic Acid and Mood Disorders: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 16:ph16010067. [PMID: 36678565 PMCID: PMC9861965 DOI: 10.3390/ph16010067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on mood disorders (MD) and on inflammatory parameters in preclinical and clinical studies have not yet been comprehensively evaluated. The aim of this study was to systematically summarize the available knowledge on this topic according to PRISMA guidelines. Data from preclinical and clinical studies were analyzed, considering the safety and efficacy of ASA in the treatment of MD and the correlation of inflammatory parameters with the effect of ASA treatment. Twenty-one studies were included. Both preclinical and clinical studies found evidence indicating the safety and efficacy of low-dose ASA in the treatment of all types of affective episodes in MD. Observational studies have indicated a reduced risk of all types of affective episodes in chronic low-dose ASA users (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.88, 0.95, p < 0.0001). An association between ASA response and inflammatory parameters was found in preclinical studies, but this was not confirmed in clinical trials. Further long-term clinical trials evaluating the safety and efficacy of ASA in recurrent MD, as well as assessing the linkage of ASA treatment with inflammatory phenotype and cytokines, are required. There is also a need for preclinical studies to understand the exact mechanism of action of ASA in MD.
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14
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Sibiya T, Ghazi T, Mohan J, Nagiah S, Chuturgoon AA. Spirulina platensis Mitigates the Inhibition of Selected miRNAs that Promote Inflammation in HAART-Treated HepG2 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:119. [PMID: 36616248 PMCID: PMC9824462 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the treatment of HIV/AIDS has recently gained popularity. In addition, the significant role of microRNA expression in HIV pathogenesis cannot be overlooked; hence the need to explore the mechanisms of microRNA expression in the presence of HAART and Spirulina platensis (SP) in HepG2 cells. This study investigates the biochemical mechanisms of microRNA expression in HepG2 cells in the presence of HAART, SP, and the potential synergistic effect of HAART−SP. A 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to determine cell viability following SP treatment. The cellular redox status was assessed using the quantification of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), lipid peroxidation, and a lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The fluorometric JC-1 assay was used to determine mitochondrial polarisation. The quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was also employed for micro-RNA and gene expressions. The results show that MiR-146a (p < 0.0001) and miR-155 (p < 0.0001) levels increased in SP-treated cells. However, only miR-146a (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP indicated an increase, while miR-155 (p < 0.0001) in HAART−SP treatment indicated a significant decreased expression. Further inflammation analysis revealed that Cox-1 mRNA expression was reduced in SP-treated cells (p = 0.4129). However, Cox-1 expression was significantly increased in HAART−SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001). The investigation revealed that HepG2 cells exposed to HAART−SP treatment showed a significant decrease in Cox-2 (p < 0.0001) expression. mRNA expression also decreased in SP-treated cells (p < 0.0001); therefore, SP potentially controls inflammation by regulating microRNA expressions. Moreover, the positive synergistic effect is indicated by normalised intracellular ROS levels (p < 0.0001) in the HAART−SP treatment. We hereby recommend further investigation on the synergistic roles of SP and HAART in the expression of microRNA with more focus on inflammatory and oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thabani Sibiya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Terisha Ghazi
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Jivanka Mohan
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
| | - Savania Nagiah
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, Medical Programme, Faculty of Health Sciences, Nelson Mandela University Missionvale, Bethelsdorp, Port Elizabeth 6059, South Africa
| | - Anil A. Chuturgoon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Chemical Pathology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Howard College Campus, Durban 4013, South Africa
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15
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Wu J, Zhang H, Wang Y, Yin G, Li Q, Zhuo L, Chen H, Wang Z. From tryptamine to the discovery of efficient multi-target directed ligands against cholinesterase-associated neurodegenerative disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1036030. [PMID: 36518670 PMCID: PMC9742383 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1036030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel class of benzyl-free and benzyl-substituted carbamylated tryptamine derivatives (CDTs) was designed and synthesized to serve as effective building blocks for the development of novel multi-target directed ligands (MTDLs) for the treatment of neurological disorders linked to cholinesterase (ChE) activity. The majority of them endowed butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) with more substantial inhibition potency than acetylcholinesterase (AChE), according to the full study of ChE inhibition. Particularly, hybrids with dibenzyl groups (2b-2f, 2j, 2o, and 2q) showed weak or no neuronal toxicity and hepatotoxicity and single-digit nanomolar inhibitory effects against BuChE. Through molecular docking and kinetic analyses, the potential mechanism of action on BuChE was first investigated. In vitro H2O2-induced HT-22 cells assay demonstrated the favorable neuroprotective potency of 2g, 2h, 2j, 2m, 2o, and 2p. Besides, 2g, 2h, 2j, 2m, 2o, and 2p endowed good antioxidant activities and COX-2 inhibitory effects. This study suggested that this series of hybrids can be applied to treat various ChE-associated neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), as well as promising building blocks for further structure modification to develop efficient MTDLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Wu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Honghua Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yuying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gaofeng Yin
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qien Li
- Tibetan Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Linsheng Zhuo
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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16
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Hudson CN, He K, Pascal LE, Liu T, Myklebust LK, Dhir R, Srivastava P, Yoshimura N, Wang Z, Ricke WA, DeFranco DB. Increased COX-1 expression in benign prostate epithelial cells is triggered by mitochondrial dysfunction. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2022; 10:234-245. [PMID: 36051613 PMCID: PMC9428567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation is closely linked to the development and progression of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Clinical studies of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, which inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), targeting prostate inflammation patients with symptomatic BPH have demonstrated conflicting results, with some studies demonstrating symptom improvement and others showing no impact. Thus, understanding the role of the cyclooxygenases in BPH and prostatic inflammation is important. METHODS The expression of COX-1 was analyzed in a cohort of donors and BPH patients by immunohistochemistry and compared to previously determined characteristics for this same cohort. The impact of mitochondrial dysfunction on COX-1 and COX-2 was determined in experiments treating human benign prostate epithelial cell lines BPH-1 and RWPE-1 with rotenone and MitoQ. RWPE-1 cells were transfected with small interfering RNA specific to complex 1 gene NDUFS3. RESULTS COX-1 expression was increased in the epithelial cells of BPH specimens compared to young healthy organ donor and normal prostate adjacent to BPH and frequently co-occurred with COX-2 alteration in BPH patients. COX-1 immunostaining was associated with the presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, but was not associated with age, prostate size, COX-2 or the presence of CD4+, CD20+ or CD68+ inflammatory cells. In cell line studies, COX protein levels were elevated following treatment with inhibitors of mitochondrial function. MitoQ significantly decreased mitochondrial membrane potential in RWPE-1 cells. Knockdown of NDUFS3 stimulated COX-1 expression. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest COX-1 is elevated in BPH epithelial cells and is associated with increased presence of CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells. COX-1 can be induced in benign prostate epithelial cells in response to mitochondrial complex I inhibition, and knockdown of the complex 1 protein NDUFS3. COX-1 and mitochondrial dysfunction may play more of a role than previously recognized in the development of age-related benign prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandler N Hudson
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Kai He
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Laura E Pascal
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Teresa Liu
- Department of Urology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | | | - Rajiv Dhir
- Department of Pathology, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pooja Srivastava
- Department of Pathology, UPMC, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Zhou Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - William A Ricke
- Department of Urology, University of WisconsinMadison, WI, USA
| | - Donald B DeFranco
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
- Pittsburgh Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Tedeschi P, Nigro M, Travagli A, Catani M, Cavazzini A, Merighi S, Gessi S. Therapeutic Potential of Allicin and Aged Garlic Extract in Alzheimer’s Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136950. [PMID: 35805955 PMCID: PMC9266652 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Garlic, Allium sativum, has long been utilized for a number of medicinal purposes around the world, and its medical benefits have been well documented. The health benefits of garlic likely arise from a wide variety of components, possibly working synergistically. Garlic and garlic extracts, especially aged garlic extracts (AGEs), are rich in bioactive compounds, with potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and neuroprotective activities. In light of these effects, garlic and its components have been examined in experimental models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia without therapy, and a growing health concern in aging societies. With the aim of offering an updated overview, this paper reviews the chemical composition, metabolism and bioavailability of garlic bioactive compounds. In addition, it provides an overview of signaling mechanisms triggered by garlic derivatives, with a focus on allicin and AGE, to improve learning and memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tedeschi
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Manuela Nigro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Alessia Travagli
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
| | - Martina Catani
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Alberto Cavazzini
- Department of Chemical, Pharmaceutical and Agricultural Sciences—DOCPAS, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (P.T.); (M.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Stefania Merighi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0532-455434
| | - Stefania Gessi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (M.N.); (A.T.); (S.G.)
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18
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Kenou BV, Manly LS, Rubovits SB, Umeozulu SA, Van Buskirk MG, Zhang AS, Pike VW, Zanotti-Fregonara P, Henter ID, Innis RB. Cyclooxygenases as Potential PET Imaging Biomarkers to Explore Neuroinflammation in Dementia. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:53S-59S. [PMID: 35649646 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The most frequently studied target of neuroinflammation using PET is 18-kDa translocator protein, but its limitations have spurred the molecular imaging community to find more promising targets. This article reviews the development of PET radioligands for cyclooxygenase (COX) subtypes 1 and 2, enzymes that catalyze the production of inflammatory prostanoids in the periphery and brain. Although both isozymes produce the same precursor compound, prostaglandin H2, they have distinct functions based on their differential cellular localization in the periphery and brain. For example, COX-1 is located primarily in microglia, a resident inflammatory cell in the brain whose role in producing inflammatory cytokines is well documented. In contrast, COX-2 is located primarily in neurons and can be markedly upregulated by inflammatory and excitatory stimuli, but its functions are poorly understood. This article reviews these 2 isozymes as biomarkers of neuroinflammation, as well as the radioligands that have recently been developed to image them in animals and humans. To place this work into context, the properties of COX-1 and COX-2 are compared with 18-kDa translocator protein, with special consideration of their application in Alzheimer disease as a representative neurodegenerative disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruny V Kenou
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Lester S Manly
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sara B Rubovits
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Somachukwu A Umeozulu
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Maia G Van Buskirk
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Andrea S Zhang
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Victor W Pike
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Paolo Zanotti-Fregonara
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ioline D Henter
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert B Innis
- Molecular Imaging Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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19
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Fluorochrome Selection for Imaging Intraoperative Ovarian Cancer Probes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060668. [PMID: 35745587 PMCID: PMC9230671 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification and removal of all gross and microscopic tumor to render the patient disease free represents a huge challenge in ovarian cancer treatment. The presence of residual disease is an independent negative prognostic factor. Herein, we describe the synthesis and the “in vitro” evaluation of compounds as cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 inhibitors, the COX-1 isoform being an ovarian cancer biomarker, each bearing fluorochromes with different fluorescence features. Two of these compounds N-[4-(9-dimethylimino-9H-benzo[a]phenoxazin-5-ylamino) butyl]-2-(3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazol-5-yl)acetamide chloride (RR11) and 3-(6-(4-(2-(3,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)isoxazole-5-yl)acetamido)butyl)amino-6-oxohexyl)-2-[7-(1,3-dihydro-1,1-dimethyl-3-ethyl 2H-benz[e]indolin-2-yl-idene)-1,3,5-heptatrienyl]-1,1-dimethyl-3-(6-carboxilato-hexyl)-1H-benz[e]indolium chloride, 23 (MSA14) were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenase (COX)-1 “in vitro”, and thus were further investigated “in vivo”. The IC50 values were 0.032 and 0.087 µM for RR11 and 23 (MSA 14), respectively, whereas the COX-2 IC50 for RR11 is 2.4 µM while 23 (MSA14) did not inhibit COX-2 even at a 50 µM concentration. Together, this represented selectivity index = 75 and 874, respectively. Structure-based virtual screening (SBVS) performed with the Fingerprints for Ligands and Proteins (FLAP) software allowed both to differentiate highly active compounds from less active and inactive structures and to define their interactions inside the substrate-binding cavity of hCOX1. Fluorescent probes RR11 and 23 (MSA14), were used for preliminary near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent imaging (FLI) in human ovarian cancer (OVCAR-3 and SKOV-3) xenograft models. Surprisingly, a tumor-specific signal was observed for both tested fluorescent probes, even though this signal is not linked to the presence of COX-1.
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20
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Cassidy BR, Sonntag WE, Leenen PJM, Drevets DA. Systemic Listeria monocytogenes infection in aged mice induces long-term neuroinflammation: the role of miR-155. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:25. [PMID: 35614490 PMCID: PMC9130456 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-022-00281-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding mechanisms of pathologic neuroinflammation is essential for improving outcomes after central nervous system infections. Brain tissue-resident memory T cells (bTRM) are recruited during central nervous system infection and promote pathogen control as well as noxious inflammation. Our prior studies in young mice showed optimal recruitment of CD8+ bTRM during neuroinvasive Listeria monocytogenes (Lm) infection required miR-155, and was significantly inhibited by anti-miR-155 oligonucleotides. Since Lm is an important pathogen in the elderly, we hypothesized anti-miR-155 would also inhibit accumulation of CD8+ bTRM in aged mice infected with Lm. METHODS Young (2 mo) and aged (> 18 mo) male C57BL/6 mice were infected intra-peritoneally with wild-type Lm, or avirulent Lm mutants lacking the genes required for intracellular motility (ΔactA) or phagosomal escape (Δhly), then were given antibiotics. Brain leukocytes and their intracellular cytokine production were quantified by flow cytometry >28d post-infection (p.i.). The role of miR-155 was tested by injecting mice with anti-miR-155 or control oligonucleotides along with antibiotics. RESULTS Aged mice had significantly more homeostatic CD8+ bTRM than did young mice, which did not increase after infection with wild-type Lm despite 50% mortality, whereas young mice suffered no mortality after a larger inoculum. For direct comparison of post-infectious neuroinflammation after the same inoculum, young and aged mice were infected with 107 CFU ΔactA Lm. This mutant caused no mortality and significantly increased CD8+ bTRM 28d p.i. in both groups, whereas bone marrow-derived myeloid cells, particularly neutrophils, increased only in aged mice. Notably, anti-miR-155 reduced accumulation of brain myeloid cells in aged mice after infection, whereas CD8+ bTRM were unaffected. CONCLUSIONS Systemic infection with Lm ΔactA is a novel model for studying infection-induced brain inflammation in aged mice without excessive mortality. CD8+ bTRM increase in both young and aged mice after infection, whereas only in aged mice bone marrow-derived myeloid cells increase long-term. In aged mice, anti-miR-155 inhibits brain accumulation of myeloid cells, but not CD8+ bTRM. These results suggest young and aged mice differ in manifestations and mechanisms of infection-induced neuroinflammation and give insight for developing therapies to ameliorate brain inflammation following severe infection in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin R. Cassidy
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young, Suite 7300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
| | - William E. Sonntag
- grid.266902.90000 0001 2179 3618Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK USA
| | - Pieter J. M. Leenen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douglas A. Drevets
- Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, 800 Stanton L. Young, Suite 7300, Oklahoma City, OK 73104 USA
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21
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Saroj K, Haresh B, Yogendra P. A Randomized Double-Blind Comparative Study of Efficacy and Safety Between Low-Dose Etoricoxib and Ibuprofen Coadministered with Low-Dose Paracetamol for Dental Pain. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221080380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To study the safety and efficacy of low-dose etoricoxib and low-dose paracetamol versus ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol treatments in patients who experienced acute pain after tooth extraction. Methods: A total of 80 patients were recruited and randomized to two study groups, i.e., EP and IP. Group EP received etoricoxib 30 mg once a day and add-on paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly, and Group IP received ibuprofen 400 mg and paracetamol 325 mg eight-hourly for three days. The analgesic efficacy was assessed by a visual analog scale, pain relief score, and global evaluation score. Patients were assessed at 0, 6, 24, 48, and 72 h. Safety was assessed by the patient’s estimation of the severity of adverse drug reactions using a 3-point scale and the type of adverse drug reactions reported by the patients after 72 h. Results: Mean pain intensity reduction, mean pain relief score, and global evaluation score all showed better analgesic efficacy results in Group EP as compared to Group IP but were not significant ( P > 0.05) at 6, 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. No patient had reported any serious adverse drug reaction in both the groups. Mild to moderate adverse reactions were reported in 20% cases in the IP group and 10% cases in the EP group; however, the incidence of GIT intolerance was seen in 17.5% of the cases in the IP group and none in the EP group. Conclusion: Low-dose etoricoxib with low-dose paracetamol has comparable analgesic efficacy with better safety than therapeutic dose ibuprofen and low-dose paracetamol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kothari Saroj
- Department of Pharmacology, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Bansal Haresh
- Department of Pharmacology, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Paharia Yogendra
- Department of Dentistry, G.R. Medical College, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
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22
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Khan H, Sharma K, Kumar A, Kaur A, Singh TG. Therapeutic implications of cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors in ischemic injury. Inflamm Res 2022; 71:277-292. [PMID: 35175358 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-022-01546-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is the inexplicable aggravation of cellular dysfunction that results in blood flow restoration to previously ischemic tissues. COX mediates the oxidative conversion of AA to various prostaglandins and thromboxanes, which are involved in various physiological and pathological processes. In the pathophysiology of I/R injuries, COX has been found to play an important role. I/R injuries affect most vital organs and are characterized by inflammation, oxidative stress, cell death, and apoptosis, leading to morbidity and mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS A systematic literature review of Bentham, Scopus, PubMed, Medline, and EMBASE (Elsevier) databases was carried out to understand the Nature and mechanistic interventions of the Cyclooxygenase modulations in ischemic injury. Here, we have discussed the COX Physiology and downstream signalling pathways modulated by COX, e.g., Camp Pathway, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Activity, NF-kB Signalling, PI3K/Akt Signalling in ischemic injury. CONCLUSION This review will discuss the various COX types, specifically COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in developing I/R injury in organs such as the brain, spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Kunal Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amit Kumar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Amarjot Kaur
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Thakur Gurjeet Singh
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, 140401, India.
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23
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Kaur B, Singh P. Inflammation: Biochemistry, Cellular Targets, Anti-inflammatory Agents and Challenges with Special Emphasis on Cyclooxygenase-2. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105663. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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24
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Nadeem MS, Kazmi I, Ullah I, Muhammad K, Anwar F. Allicin, an Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Agent, Ameliorates Cognitive Impairment. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:87. [PMID: 35052591 PMCID: PMC8772758 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallylthiosulfinate) is a defense molecule produced by cellular contents of garlic (Allium sativum L.). On tissue damage, the non-proteinogenic amino acid alliin (S-allylcysteine sulfoxide) is converted to allicin in an enzyme-mediated process catalysed by alliinase. Allicin is hydrophobic in nature, can efficiently cross the cellular membranes and behaves as a reactive sulfur species (RSS) inside the cells. It is physiologically active molecule with the ability to oxidise the thiol groups of glutathione and between cysteine residues in proteins. Allicin has shown anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant properties and also serves as an efficient therapeutic agent against cardiovascular diseases. In this context, the present review describes allicin as an antioxidant, and neuroprotective molecule that can ameliorate the cognitive abilities in case of neurodegenerative and neuropsychological disorders. As an antioxidant, allicin fights the reactive oxygen species (ROS) by downregulation of NOX (NADPH oxidizing) enzymes, it can directly interact to reduce the cellular levels of different types of ROS produced by a variety of peroxidases. Most of the neuroprotective actions of allicin are mediated via redox-dependent pathways. Allicin inhibits neuroinflammation by suppressing the ROS production, inhibition of TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB, P38 and JNK pathways. As an inhibitor of cholinesterase and (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) it can be applied to manage the Alzheimer's disease, helps to maintain the balance of neurotransmitters in case of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactive syndrome (ADHD). In case of acute traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) allicin protects neuron damage by regulating inflammation, apoptosis and promoting the expression levels of Nrf2 (nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2). Metal induced neurodegeneration can also be attenuated and cognitive abilities of patients suffering from neurological diseases can be ameliorates by allicin administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
| | - Inam Ullah
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Khushi Muhammad
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University, Mansehra 21300, Pakistan; (I.U.); (K.M.)
| | - Firoz Anwar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; or
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Preliminary Assessment of the Anti-inflammatory Activity of New Structural Honokiol Analogs with a 4'- O-(2-Fluoroethyl) Moiety and the Potential of Their 18F-Labeled Derivatives for Neuroinflammation Imaging. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216630. [PMID: 34771039 PMCID: PMC8587714 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Neolignans honokiol and 4′-O-methylhonokiol (MH) and their derivatives have pronounced anti-inflammatory activity, as evidenced by numerous pharmacological studies. Literature data suggested that cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) may be a target for these compounds in vitro and in vivo. Recent studies of [11C]MPbP (4′-[11C]methoxy-5-propyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2-ol) biodistribution in LPS (lipopolysaccharide)-treated rats have confirmed the high potential of MH derivatives for imaging neuroinflammation. Here, we report the synthesis of four structural analogs of honokiol, of which 4′-(2-fluoroethoxy)-2-hydroxy-5-propyl-1, 1′-biphenyl (F-IV) was selected for labeling with fluorine-18 (T1/2 = 109.8 min) due to its high anti-inflammatory activity confirmed by enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and neuromorphological studies. The high inhibitory potency of F-IV to COX-2 and its moderate lipophilicity and chemical stability are favorable factors for the preliminary evaluation of the radioligand [18F]F-IV in a rodent model of neuroinflammation. [18F]F-IV was prepared with good radiochemical yield and high molar activity and radiochemical purity by 18F-fluoroethylation of the precursor with Boc-protecting group (15) with [18F]2-fluoro-1-bromoethane ([18F]FEB). Ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed a small to moderate increase in radioligand uptake in the brain and peripheral organs of LPS-induced rats compared to control animals. Pretreatment with celecoxib resulted in significant blocking of radioactivity uptake in the brain (pons and medulla), heart, lungs, and kidneys, indicating that [18F]F-IV is likely to specifically bind to COX-2 in a rat model of neuroinflammation. However, in comparison with [11C]MPbP, the new radioligand showed decreased brain uptake in LPS rats and high retention in the blood pool, which apparently could be explained by its high plasma protein binding. We believe that the structure of [18F]F-IV can be optimized by replacing the substituents in the biphenyl core to eliminate these disadvantages and develop new radioligands for imaging activated microglia.
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